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Summary: Background: While a low CD4/CD8 ratio during HIV treatment correlates with immunosenescence, its value in identifying patients at an increased risk for clinical events remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed data from the CoRIS cohort to determine whether CD4 count, CD8 count, and CD4/CD8 ratio at year two of antiretroviral therapy (ART) could predict the risk of serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs) during the next five years. These included major adverse cardiovascular events, non-AIDS-defining malignancies, and non-accidental deaths. We used pooled logistic regression with inverse probability weighting to estimate the survival curves and cumulative risk of clinical events. Findings: The study included 4625 participants, 83% male, of whom 200 (4.3%) experienced an SNAE during the follow-up period. A CD4/CD8 ratio

Fabry disease is an X-linked multisystemic disorder caused by the impairment of lysosomal α-Galactosidase A, which leads to the progressive accumulation of glycosphingolipids and to defective lysosomal metabolism. Currently, Fabry disease is treated by enzyme replacement therapy or the orally administrated pharmacological chaperone Migalastat. Both therapeutic strategies present limitations, since enzyme replacement therapy has shown low half-life and bioavailability, while Migalastat is only approved for patients with specific mutations. The aim of this work was to assess the efficacy of PBX galactose analogues to stabilize α-Galactosidase A and therefore evaluate their potential use in Fabry patients with mutations that are not amenable to the treatment with Migalastat. We demonstrated that PBX compounds are safe and effective concerning stabilization of α-Galactosidase A in relevant cellular models of the disease, as assessed by enzymatic activity measurements, molecular modelling, and cell viability assays. This experimental evidence suggests that PBX compounds are promising candidates for the treatment of Fabry disease caused by mutations which affect the folding of α-Galactosidase A, even for GLA variants that are not amenable to the treatment with Migalastat.

Viral and host immune kinetics during acute COVID-19 and after remission of acute symptoms need better characterization. SARS-CoV-2 RNA, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, and IgG antibodies, and proinflammatory cytokines were measured in sequential samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients during acute infection and six months following diagnosis. Twenty four laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients with mild/moderate and severe COVID-19 were included. Most were males (83%) with a median age of 61 years. Twenty one percent were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and eight of them (33.3%) met the criteria for severe COVID-19 disease. A delay in SARS-CoV-2 levels’ decline during the first six days of follow up, and viral load persistence until month 3 were related to severe COVID-19, but not viral load levels at the diagnosis. Higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, IgG and the cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and MIP-1β at the diagnosis time were related to the severe COVID-19 outcome. Higher levels of MIP-1β, IL-1β, MIP-1α and IFN-γ were observed at month 1 and 3 during mild/moderate disease, compared to severe COVID-19. IgG persisted at low levels after six months of diagnosis. In conclusion, higher concentrations of IgA, IgM, and IgG, and IL-6, IL-8 and MIP-1β are identified as early predictors of COVID-19 severity, whereas no significant association is found between baseline SARS-COV-2 viral load and COVID-19 severity.

El presente ensayo abarca temas de turismo y desarrollo local, un marco teórico e histórico que pretende encontrar puntos en común entre estas dos tendencias. Hablar de desarrollo local es tocar temas de gobernanza, competencias, presupuestos participativos y la posibilidad de ejecutar obras. Justamente, aprovechando este panorama, y en vista que para el gobierno nacional la actividad turística forma parte de los ejes de mejora, es preciso que el turismo sea considerado como una estrategia viable. Se debe entender que el desarrollo local va mucho más allá de un aspecto económico. Amartya Sen, filósofo indio, plantea el desarrollo desde un lado humanista, profundiza el bienestar del ser humano y las capacidades para crecer en un entorno, es decir, desarrollo es la libertad de acceder a salud, seguridad, educación, ocio, sin que existan limitaciones generadas por la escasez. Bajo una visión ancestral, el desarrollo es la armonía de las poblaciones con el entorno natural, es el equilibrio de los recursos y el respeto al territorio. Desde una visión turística se analiza el crecimiento sostenido del turismo a nivel mundial, siendo el 2017 un año con gran repunte de visitas, incluso se han cumplido ya las metas al 2020, más de 1400 millones de traslados y la tendencia sigue en aumento. Si bien la realidad turística de Ecuador puede generar ambigüedad, desde el 2013 hasta la actualidad la media de crecimiento es del 14%. En este ensayo se aborda una tendencia en particular, el turismo rural comunitario. Este tipo de turismo se desarrolla en el campo, entre las comunidades, y se interconecta con el desarrollo local en este espacio, pues la unidad de acción es esa, un territorio municipal o parroquial, justamente donde se encuentran los recursos turísticos y todas aquellas manifestaciones naturales, culturales, y donde se facilita la interacción de los actores públicos, privados y locales.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of serological markers of HBV and endemic acute and chronic infections (HAV, HCV, CMV, HTLV-1/2 and syphilis) in HIV-infected children, adolescents and pregnant women in Sierra Leone. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the national children’s and women’s hospitals in Freetown. Logistic regression was used to assess predictors of HBsAg positivity. Results: 183 HIV-infected participants were enrolled, comprising children (n = 88), adolescents (n = 47) and pregnant women (n = 48). All participants (100%) were CMV IgG-positive, while 56.8%, 93.6% and 100% of children, adolescents and pregnant women, respectively, were HAV IgG-positive. The prevalence of HCV, HTLV-1/2 and syphilis were 10 years, i.e., being born pre-2009 before implementation of routine hepatitis B immunization (aOR 5.05 [1.18−21.28]; p = 0.029) and CD4 count

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31948/rev.criterios/25.2-art5 El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto que la altitud genera sobre la estructura y densidad poblacional de Espeletia pycnophylla Cuatrec en el páramo Galeras. El muestreo se realizó en tres cotas altitudinales, en cada una de las cuales fueron establecidos diez cuadrantes de 25m2 y registrado el número de individuos, la altura total e información referente al estado de las estructuras reproductivas de la planta. Los resultados indican una relación lineal negativa entre la altura de las plantas y la elevación y una relación lineal positiva que favorece el establecimiento de individuos juveniles a mayores alturas. Además, se evidenció una zona óptima que favorece el establecimiento de un alto número de individuos adultos con evidencias de estructuras reproductivas. La alta representatividad de individuos juveniles y de plantas con evidencia reproductiva permite inferir que esta población se encuentra en crecimiento constante.