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Background: No studies have been conducted evaluating sugarcane silage associated with both Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus for lactating dairy cows. Objective: To evaluate diets containing different roughages with and without microbial inoculants on intake, digestibility and milk yield of medium-producing cows. Methods: A total of 15 Holstein cows distributed into a randomized block design were used. Dietary treatments were: 1) a corn silage-based diet (CS), 2) a fresh sugarcane-based diet (SC), 3) a sugarcane silage ensiled without inoculant (SS), 4) sugarcane silage ensiled with Lactobacillus buchneri (SSLB), and 5) sugarcane silage ensiled with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus (SSLP). Results: Digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) was lower (p

Research on the use of heart of palm by-product (HPB) as a feed for dairy cattle is needed since it is a low-cost alternative in addition avoiding environmental contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate intake, digestibility, milk yield and composition from cows fed HPB. Sixteen Holstein cows were used. Treatments consisted of fresh sugarcane replacement (dry matter basis – DM) of HPB at levels 0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5%. Experimental design was randomized blocks with measures repeated in time, and data were compared by linear, quadratic and cubic contrasts. A decreasing linear effect of HPB was observed on DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein and non-fibrous carbohydrates intakes and on digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fibre. A quadratic effect was observed for metabolizable energy intake and OM digestibility. Milk yield and composition were not affected by levels of HPB added to the diet. A cubic effect was detected for fat-corrected milk (FCM) and energy-corrected milk (ECM). HPB is detrimental to intake and digestibility, but the 7.5% replacement level of HPB is recommended depending on the milk production level, since rumen environment was improved, leading to greater FCM and ECM yields at lower production costs.

Background: Production of heart-of-palm from Alexander palm tree generates a waste that could be used as silage for feeding ruminants. Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition, fermentation parameters, and quality of silage made from waste of heart-of-palm production using Alexander palm. Methods: Three types of silage made from waste of heart-of-palm production were evaluated: 1) leaf silage, 2) sheath silage, and 3) compound (leaf + sheath) silage. The processed waste was packed in experimental silos and distributed in a completely randomized design with 10 replications. Means were compared pairwise using Tukey’s test at the 5% significance level. Results: Leaf silage had the highest pH (p0.05) for lactic and butyric acids, whereas acetic acid was higher (p0,05) en los ácidos láctico y butírico, mientras que el ácido acético fue mayor en el ensilaje de vainas y en el compuesto en relación con el otro ensilaje. La materia seca (MS) y el contenido de proteína cruda (PC) fueron mayores (p0,05) para os ácidos lático e butírico, enquanto o ácido acético foi maior para as silagens de bainha e composta em relação as demais silagens. O teor de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB) foi maior (p

Sugarcane silage can be used in animal production systems; however, it is important to apply additives to improve its chemical composition and fermentative quality. We evaluated the effect of chemical (urea and calcium oxide (CaO)) and microbial (Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Propionibacterium acidipropionici) additives on chemical composition, fermentation profile, microorganism population, and production of ethanol and other volatile organic compounds in sugarcane silage. Treatments studied were silage without inoculant (SS), SS with LB, SS with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus, SS with Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici, SS with 5 g CaO/kg fresh material (FM) (5CaO), SS with 10 g CaO/kg FM (10CaO), SS with 5 g urea/kg FM (5urea), and SS with 10 g urea/kg FM (10urea). The highest crude protein content (P = 0.001) and the lowest N-linked to fibre content (P = 0.001) occurred when applying urea. None of the treatments reduced the presence of yeast (P = 0.054), but a trend was detected of treatments based on CaO as promising in this Control. The silages treated with CaO had lower ethyl ester and ethanol (average for CaO-based treatments of 0.012 g/kg dry matter and 0.695 g/kg dry matter, respectively), and silages treated with 10urea had less acetone (P = 0.001) and methanol (P = 0.001). The sugarcane silages treated with chemical additive CaO reduced ethanol production and ester formation. There was a high correlation (r = 0.984) between ethyl acetate + ethyl lactate and ethanol contents.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF) degradability of Urochloa decumbens (UD), Arachis pintoi (AP), and 50:50 mixture (UD: AP). A half gram of sample ground to 1-mm sieve was conditioned in Ankom(®) bags, in duplicate for each incubation time (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h), in three incubation periods. Ruminal content was collected from sheep receiving a similar diet, with 15 days of adaptation to diets followed by three periods of seven days each. The ruminal content was collected on the last day of each period, stored in preheated thermal bottles under anaerobiosis condition, hermetically isolated, and the inoculum filtered through a double cheesecloth layer under continuous injection of CO(2) and subjected to water bath at 39 ºC. The bags containing the samples were placed in reverse order in a Daisy II incubator, so that they were all removed at the same time, washed manually, and subsequently subjected to DM and NDF analyzes. The degradability was calculated through the equation: ŷ = a/[1+(C)(e(-bt))], in which ŷ is degradation in time (g), a is the asymptote when time is zero, C is the constant related to degradation, b is the degradation rate (g/h), and t is the incubation time (h). The adjusted equations for DM and NDF degradability were, respectively, UD: ŷ=0.17439/[1+(0.11398) (e(-0.02425T))] (R(2)=0.92) and ŷ=0.02627/[1+(0.2701)(e(-0.0046T))] (R(2)=0.95); UD:AP: ŷ= 0.116198/[1+(0.09373)(e(-0.02973T))] (R(2)=0.92) and ŷ=0.03364/[1+(0.2103)(e(-0.0045T))] (R(2)=0.93); AP: ŷ=0.13395/[1+(0.12054)(e(-0.105288T))] (R(2)=0.92) and ŷ=0.13099/[1+(0.08354)(e(-0.04455T))] (R(2)=0.92). The DM degradation rate was 0.02425, 0.02973, and 0.105288 g/h and NDF degradation rate was 0.0046, 0.0045, and 0.04455 g/h, respectively, for UD, UD:AP, and AP. The DM and NDF degradation rates in A. pintoi were, respectively, 4.3 and 9.7 times higher than in U. decumbens.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of the diets containing residue from palm heart of Australian Royal Palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae) to replace sugar cane on sheep. Twelve sheep were used with average live weight of 23.3 ± 2.8 Kg and they placed in metabolism cages and distributed in six latin square 2 x 2 in a factorial design 3 x 2 (three types of residue--sheet, bark and composed--and two levels of residue's replacement, 5% and 15%). It was observed higher intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC) by substitution of composed residue. The average values of apparent digestibility of DM, OM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre correct for ash and protein (NDFap) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were higher for sheet residue. There was interaction between type of residue and level of residue's replacement on the urinary excretion of total nitrogen (NUE), apparent nitrogen balance (BNA) and microbial nitrogen compost (NMIC). Residues from palm heart of Australian Royal Palm can be used as roughage in the ruminants'diet, and of these residues, the sheet and composed residue showed better response in the evaluated characteristics.

Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão de zeólita na dieta de bovinos de corte sobre os parâmetros ruminais, as digestibilidades total e parcial, a produção de nitrogênio, a eficiência microbiana e as características do sangue. Os tratamentos, com base na matéria seca (MS) da dieta, foram: 0; 0,75; 1,5; 2,25 e 3,0% de zeólita. Utilizaram-se cinco bovinos machos mestiços, fistulados no rúmen e abomaso, alimentados com silagem de milho e concentrado, representando 65% de volumoso e 35% de concentrado. O delineamento utilizado foi em quadrado latino 5×5, com cinco períodos de 15 dias. Os animais receberam 15g de dióxido de titânio (TiO2) do terceiro ao 12º dia de cada período. Houve efeito (P

Objetivou-se avaliar a composição química, o perfil fermentativo, a população de micro-organismo e a recuperação de matéria seca de silagens de cana-de-açúcar tratada com diferentes misturas de inoculantes microbianos. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de silagem de cana-de-açúcar (SC) (controle); SC + Lactobacillus buchneri; SC + Propionibacterium acidipropionici; SC + P. acidipropionici + Lactobacillus plantarum; SC + L. buchneri + P. acidipropionici; SC + L. buchneri + P. acidipropionici + L. plantarum. A forragem foi picada e ensilada em baldes com capacidade de 20 L, providos com válvulas de “Bunsen”, os quais foram abertos 90 dias após o fechamento. Os inoculantes microbianos e suas misturas não proporcionam resultados promissores sobre a composição química, o perfil fermentativo, as populações microbianas e a recuperação de matéria seca da silagem de cana-de-açúcar. Mais alta produção de etanol ocorreu com a mistura de Lactobacillus buchneri + Propionibacterium acidipropionici e mais baixa recuperação de matéria seca ocorreu com as misturas P. acidipropionici + Lactobacillus plantarum e L. buchneri + P. acidipropionici + L. plantarum, em relação ao controle. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, fermentation profile, the population of microorganisms and the recovery of dry sugarcane silages. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. Treatments consisted of silage of sugarcane (SC) (Control); SC + Lactobacillus buchneri (LB); SC + Propionibacterium acidipropionici (PA); SC + P. acidipropionici + Lactobacillus plantarum (PALP); SC + L. buchneri + P. acidipropionici (LBPA); SC + L. buchneri + P. acidipropionici + L. plantarum (LBPALP). Forage was designed with buckets with a capacity of 20 liters, with Bunsen valves, which were opened 90 days after the sealing. It was verified that only the LB treatment provided the DM content for the control of silage (23.2%). There was no inoculation effect in an effluent production, whose average was 104.31 kg / t MN. The treatments with PALP and LBPALP resulted in lower dry matter recovery than a silage control. Ammonia contents and pH were increased by treatments with LBPA and LBPALP in relation to control silage. There was no difference between the treatments for populations of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts, whose mean values were 9.06 and 4.27 log cfu / g, respectively. It was verified a higher lactic acid content in the LBPALP silage in relation to the control (2.24%). The silage with LBPA presented higher ethanol content (6.15%) in relation to control silage and PA. Thus, it is concluded that the inoculants and their mixtures do not provide promising results regarding the chemical composition, fermentation profile and dry matter recovery of sugarcane silage.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and the fermentative parameters of heart of palm waste produced from Alexander Palm, ensiled with chemical additives. Treatments consisted of silage of the sheath with or without calcium oxide. In the silage without calcium oxide, we evaluated the control silage (without additive) and the silage enriched with 5.0 g kg−1 urea (urea). In the silage with calcium oxide, we evaluated the silage enriched with 5.0 g kg−1 calcium oxide (control) and the silage enriched with 5.0 g kg−1 urea and 5.0 g kg−1 calcium oxide (urea). Experimental silos were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (inclusion or lack of lime × inclusion or lack of urea), with four replicates. Crude protein concentration was greater in the silages that received urea, whereas in the case of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, the lowest levels were found in the control silage. Control silage had the lowest pH (3.75) and the silages that received lime displayed the lowest lactic acid content. Effluent losses were greater in the control silage and in the silage with lime (56.1 kg t−1 and 58.4 kg t−1, respectively). Silages prepared with waste from heart of palm production and enriched only with urea showed a better chemical composition and improved fermentation parameter estimates. We recommend the use of this waste only with additives that can improve the chemical characteristics of the forage. Without additives, unwanted fermentation processes may occur and compromise the quality of the silage.