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2. Clinical presentation and prognosis of COVID-19 in older adults with hypothyroidism: data from the GeroCovid observational study

Author

Bagala, V, Sala, A, Trevisan, C, Okoye, C, Incalzi, R, Monzani, F, Volpato, S, Antognoli, R, Antonietti, M, Bandini, G, Bellelli, G, Benvenuti, E, Bergamin, M, Bertolotti, M, Biagini, C, Bianchetti, A, Bianchi, A, Bianchi, M, Bignamini, S, Blandini, D, Boffelli, S, Bugada, M, Calsolaro, V, Calvani, D, Carpagnano, E, Carrieri, B, Castaldo, V, Cavarape, A, Cazzulani, I, Celesti, C, Ceolin, C, Ceresini, M, Cherubini, A, Chizzoli, A, Ciarrocchi, E, Cicciomessere, P, Coin, A, Corsi, A, Custodero, C, D'Agostino, F, D'Errico, M, De Iorio, A, De Marchi, A, Desideri, G, Di Matteo, E, Espinosa, E, Esposito, L, Fazio, C, Filippini, C, Fiore, L, Fontana, C, Forte, L, Montorzi, R, Fumagalli, C, Fumagalli, S, Gareri, P, Giordano, A, Giuliani, E, Greco, A, Herbst, A, Ielo, G, La Marca, A, Porta, U, Lazzari, I, Lelli, D, Longobucco, Y, Lucchini, F, Lucente, D, Maestri, L, Maggio, M, Mainqua, P, Marengoni, A, Martin, B, Massa, V, Mazza, L, Mazzoccoli, C, Mossello, E, Morellini, F, Mussi, C, Orio, G, Paglia, A, Pelagalli, G, Pelizzoni, L, Picci, A, Ranhoff, A, Remelli, F, Resta, O, Riccardi, A, Rinaldi, D, Rozzini, R, Sabba, C, Sacco, L, Santoliquido, M, Savino, M, Scarso, F, Sergi, G, Serviddio, G, Sidoli, C, Solfrizzi, V, Soli, B, Tafaro, L, Tedde, A, Testa, G, Tinti, M, Tonarelli, F, Tonon, E, Vitali, A, Zoccarato, F, Zotti, S, Bagala V., Sala A., Trevisan C., Okoye C., Incalzi R. A., Monzani F., Volpato S., Antognoli R., Antonietti M. P., Bandini G., Bellelli G., Benvenuti E., Bergamin M., Bertolotti M., Biagini C. A., Bianchetti A., Bianchi A., Bianchi M., Bignamini S., Blandini D., Boffelli S., Bugada M., Calsolaro V., Calvani D., Carpagnano E., Carrieri B., Castaldo V., Cavarape A., Cazzulani I., Celesti C., Ceolin C., Ceresini M. G., Cherubini A., Chizzoli A., Ciarrocchi E., Cicciomessere P., Coin A., Corsi A., Custodero C., D'Agostino F., D'Errico M. M., De Iorio A., De Marchi A., Desideri G., Di Matteo E., Espinosa E., Esposito L., Fazio C., Filippini C., Fiore L., Fontana C., Forte L., Montorzi R. F., Fumagalli C., Fumagalli S., Gareri P., Giordano A., Giuliani E., Greco A., Herbst A., Ielo G., La Marca A., Porta U., Lazzari I., Lelli D., Longobucco Y., Lucchini F., Lucente D., Maestri L., Maggio M., Mainqua P., Marengoni A., Martin B., Massa V., Mazza L., Mazzoccoli C., Mossello E., Morellini F., Mussi C., Orio G., Paglia A., Pelagalli G., Pelizzoni L., Picci A., Ranhoff A. H., Remelli F., Resta O., Riccardi A., Rinaldi D., Rozzini R., Sabba C., Sacco L., Santoliquido M., Savino M., Scarso F., Sergi G., Serviddio G., Sidoli C., Solfrizzi V., Soli B., Tafaro L., Tedde A., Testa G. D., Tinti M. G., Tonarelli F., Tonon E., Vitali A., Zoccarato F., Zotti S., Bagala, V, Sala, A, Trevisan, C, Okoye, C, Incalzi, R, Monzani, F, Volpato, S, Antognoli, R, Antonietti, M, Bandini, G, Bellelli, G, Benvenuti, E, Bergamin, M, Bertolotti, M, Biagini, C, Bianchetti, A, Bianchi, A, Bianchi, M, Bignamini, S, Blandini, D, Boffelli, S, Bugada, M, Calsolaro, V, Calvani, D, Carpagnano, E, Carrieri, B, Castaldo, V, Cavarape, A, Cazzulani, I, Celesti, C, Ceolin, C, Ceresini, M, Cherubini, A, Chizzoli, A, Ciarrocchi, E, Cicciomessere, P, Coin, A, Corsi, A, Custodero, C, D'Agostino, F, D'Errico, M, De Iorio, A, De Marchi, A, Desideri, G, Di Matteo, E, Espinosa, E, Esposito, L, Fazio, C, Filippini, C, Fiore, L, Fontana, C, Forte, L, Montorzi, R, Fumagalli, C, Fumagalli, S, Gareri, P, Giordano, A, Giuliani, E, Greco, A, Herbst, A, Ielo, G, La Marca, A, Porta, U, Lazzari, I, Lelli, D, Longobucco, Y, Lucchini, F, Lucente, D, Maestri, L, Maggio, M, Mainqua, P, Marengoni, A, Martin, B, Massa, V, Mazza, L, Mazzoccoli, C, Mossello, E, Morellini, F, Mussi, C, Orio, G, Paglia, A, Pelagalli, G, Pelizzoni, L, Picci, A, Ranhoff, A, Remelli, F, Resta, O, Riccardi, A, Rinaldi, D, Rozzini, R, Sabba, C, Sacco, L, Santoliquido, M, Savino, M, Scarso, F, Sergi, G, Serviddio, G, Sidoli, C, Solfrizzi, V, Soli, B, Tafaro, L, Tedde, A, Testa, G, Tinti, M, Tonarelli, F, Tonon, E, Vitali, A, Zoccarato, F, Zotti, S, Bagala V., Sala A., Trevisan C., Okoye C., Incalzi R. A., Monzani F., Volpato S., Antognoli R., Antonietti M. P., Bandini G., Bellelli G., Benvenuti E., Bergamin M., Bertolotti M., Biagini C. A., Bianchetti A., Bianchi A., Bianchi M., Bignamini S., Blandini D., Boffelli S., Bugada M., Calsolaro V., Calvani D., Carpagnano E., Carrieri B., Castaldo V., Cavarape A., Cazzulani I., Celesti C., Ceolin C., Ceresini M. G., Cherubini A., Chizzoli A., Ciarrocchi E., Cicciomessere P., Coin A., Corsi A., Custodero C., D'Agostino F., D'Errico M. M., De Iorio A., De Marchi A., Desideri G., Di Matteo E., Espinosa E., Esposito L., Fazio C., Filippini C., Fiore L., Fontana C., Forte L., Montorzi R. F., Fumagalli C., Fumagalli S., Gareri P., Giordano A., Giuliani E., Greco A., Herbst A., Ielo G., La Marca A., Porta U., Lazzari I., Lelli D., Longobucco Y., Lucchini F., Lucente D., Maestri L., Maggio M., Mainqua P., Marengoni A., Martin B., Massa V., Mazza L., Mazzoccoli C., Mossello E., Morellini F., Mussi C., Orio G., Paglia A., Pelagalli G., Pelizzoni L., Picci A., Ranhoff A. H., Remelli F., Resta O., Riccardi A., Rinaldi D., Rozzini R., Sabba C., Sacco L., Santoliquido M., Savino M., Scarso F., Sergi G., Serviddio G., Sidoli C., Solfrizzi V., Soli B., Tafaro L., Tedde A., Testa G. D., Tinti M. G., Tonarelli F., Tonon E., Vitali A., Zoccarato F., and Zotti S.

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of hypothyroidism among older patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and its association with mortality is unclear. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of hypothyroidism in older COVID-19 inpatients and verify if this comorbidity is associated with a specific pattern of onset symptoms and a worse prognosis. Methods: COVID-19 inpatients aged ≥ 60 years, participating in the GeroCovid acute wards cohort, were included. The history of hypothyroidism was derived from medical records and the use of thyroid hormones. Sociodemographic data, comorbidities, symptoms/signs at the disease onset and inflammatory markers at ward admission were compared between people with vs without history of hypothyroidism. The association between hypothyroidism and in-hospital mortality was tested through Cox regression. Results: Of the 1245 patients included, 8.5% had a history of hypothyroidism. These patients were more likely to present arterial hypertension and obesity compared with those without an history of hypothyroidism. Concerning COVID-19 clinical presentation, patients with hypothyroidism had less frequently low oxygen saturation and anorexia but reported muscle pain and loss of smell more commonly than those without hypothyroidism. Among the inflammatory markers, patients with hypothyroidism had higher lymphocytes values. At Cox regression, hypothyroidism was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality only in the univariable model (HR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.45–0.96, p = 0.03); conversely, no significant result were observed after adjusting for potential confounders (HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.47–1.03, p = 0.07). Conclusions: Hypothyroidism does not seem to substantially influence the prognosis of COVID-19 in older people, although it may be associated with peculiar clinical and biochemical features at the disease onset.

Published
2023

3. Social Costs of Gambling Harm in Italy

Author

Lucchini, F, Comi, S, Lucchini F., Comi S. L., Lucchini, F, Comi, S, Lucchini F., and Comi S. L.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to provide an estimate of the social costs of gambling in Italy. In line with other research on social costs, the present study estimates the consequences of gambling harm on public finances, focusing on the estimated costs to treat high-risk gamblers, costs associated with productivity losses, costs of unemployment, personal and family costs, crime and legal costs. We used two different approaches to calculate these costs. The first approach, used for health care costs, consists of using the lump sum spent to prevent the harm caused to high-risk gamblers. The second approach involves estimating the number of high-risk gamblers causing the cost, which is then multiplied with the average unit cost per person. Our estimates of the annual social costs of gambling in Italy – more than EUR 2.3 billion – demonstrate a substantial economic burden to society. However, the costs are a substantial underestimate, as they are limited to those of a public nature and do not take into consideration those costs borne by moderate and low-risk gamblers, as well as affected others.

Published
2022

4. siRNAs pools generated in Escherichia coli exhibit strong RNA-interference activity against influenza virus genomic sequences

Author

Villa, R., Renzi, S., Dotti, S., Lucchini, Franco, Lucchini F. (ORCID:0000-0003-0280-7062), Villa, R., Renzi, S., Dotti, S., Lucchini, Franco, and Lucchini F. (ORCID:0000-0003-0280-7062)

Abstract

Due to the recurrent pandemic outbreaks that occurred during the last century, Influenza A viruses are considered a serious potential danger to human health. Among the innate immune pathways in eukaryotes, RNA interference plays a significant role in the interaction between viruses and host cells. RNA interference is addressed by small dsRNA molecules produced by the host itself (miRNAs, i.e. "micro-RNAs") but can be triggered also by the administration of exogenous short RNAs (siRNAs, "short interfering RNAs"). In this work, artificial siRNA pools targeting NP and PB genomic regions of the Influenza virus were produced in engineered Escherichia coli, adapting a published protocol. In a MDCK cell in vitro model, these preparations were challenged against reporter vectors bearing viral genomic sequences. A strong and specific RNA interference activity was observed, and the details of this action were indagated.

Published
2023

6. Conceptual Design of the Beamline for the DTT Neutral Beam Injector following a Double Beam Source Design Approach

Author

Agostinetti, P, Benedetti, E, Bolzonella, T, Bonesso, M, Casiraghi, I, Dima, R, Favero, G, Ferro, A, Gobbin, M, Granucci, G, Hu, C, Mantica, P, Lucchini, F, Pepato, A, Pilan, N, Raffaelli, F, Rebesan, P, Romano, A, Spizzo, G, Veronese, F, Vincenzi, P, Xie, Y, AGOSTINETTI P., BENEDETTI E., BOLZONELLA T., BONESSO M., CASIRAGHI I., DIMA R., FAVERO G., FERRO A., GOBBIN M., GRANUCCI G., HU C., MANTICA P., LUCCHINI F., PEPATO A., PILAN N., RAFFAELLI F., REBESAN P., ROMANO A., SPIZZO G., VERONESE F., VINCENZI P., XIE Y., Agostinetti, P, Benedetti, E, Bolzonella, T, Bonesso, M, Casiraghi, I, Dima, R, Favero, G, Ferro, A, Gobbin, M, Granucci, G, Hu, C, Mantica, P, Lucchini, F, Pepato, A, Pilan, N, Raffaelli, F, Rebesan, P, Romano, A, Spizzo, G, Veronese, F, Vincenzi, P, Xie, Y, AGOSTINETTI P., BENEDETTI E., BOLZONELLA T., BONESSO M., CASIRAGHI I., DIMA R., FAVERO G., FERRO A., GOBBIN M., GRANUCCI G., HU C., MANTICA P., LUCCHINI F., PEPATO A., PILAN N., RAFFAELLI F., REBESAN P., ROMANO A., SPIZZO G., VERONESE F., VINCENZI P., and XIE Y.

Abstract

The main purpose of the Divertor Tokamak Test facility (DTT) [1], whose construction is starting in Frascati, Italy, is to study solutions to mitigate the issue of power exhaust in conditions relevant for ITER and DEMO. DTT will be equipped with a significant amount of auxiliary heating power (45 MW) to reach PSEP/R = 15 MW m-1 required to be DEMO-relevant [2]. DDT is characterized by high flexibility for the assembling and testing of divertor components and for the different magnetic configurations to address the integrated physics and technology problems. The current conceptual design of the beamline for the DTT Neutral Beam Heating system is here presented, with a particular focus on the effect on the DTT plasma and on the technical solutions adopted to maximize the RAMI indexes (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Inspectability) and minimize complexity and costs. Various design options were considered, and a comprehensive set of simulations was carried out using several physics and engineering codes to drive the choice of the most suitable design options and optimize them, aiming at finding a good compromise among different requirements. This paper describes the design of the main components of the DTT NBI beamline, explaining the motivations for the main design choices.

Published
2021

23. The 4-DSD: A New Tool to Assess Delirium Superimposed on Moderate to Severe Dementia

Author

Morandi, A, Grossi, E, Lucchi, E, Zambon, A, Faraci, B, Severgnini, J, Maclullich, A, Smith, H, Pandharipande, P, Rizzini, A, Galeazzi, M, Massariello, F, Corradi, S, Raccichini, A, Scrimieri, A, Morighi, V, Gentile, S, Lucchini, F, Pecorella, L, Mossello, E, Cherubini, A, Bellelli, G, Morandi, Alessandro, Grossi, Eleonora, Lucchi, Elena, Zambon, Antonella, Faraci, Bianca, Severgnini, Jessica, MacLullich, Alasdair, Smith, Heidi, Pandharipande, Pratik, Rizzini, Andrea, Galeazzi, Marianna, Massariello, Francesca, Corradi, Samanta, Raccichini, Alessandra, Scrimieri, Antonella, Morighi, Valeria, Gentile, Simona, Lucchini, Flaminia, Pecorella, Laura, Mossello, Enrico, Cherubini, Antonio, Bellelli, Giuseppe, Morandi, A, Grossi, E, Lucchi, E, Zambon, A, Faraci, B, Severgnini, J, Maclullich, A, Smith, H, Pandharipande, P, Rizzini, A, Galeazzi, M, Massariello, F, Corradi, S, Raccichini, A, Scrimieri, A, Morighi, V, Gentile, S, Lucchini, F, Pecorella, L, Mossello, E, Cherubini, A, Bellelli, G, Morandi, Alessandro, Grossi, Eleonora, Lucchi, Elena, Zambon, Antonella, Faraci, Bianca, Severgnini, Jessica, MacLullich, Alasdair, Smith, Heidi, Pandharipande, Pratik, Rizzini, Andrea, Galeazzi, Marianna, Massariello, Francesca, Corradi, Samanta, Raccichini, Alessandra, Scrimieri, Antonella, Morighi, Valeria, Gentile, Simona, Lucchini, Flaminia, Pecorella, Laura, Mossello, Enrico, Cherubini, Antonio, and Bellelli, Giuseppe

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to create, standardize, and validate a new instrument, named 4-DSD, and determine its diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of delirium in subjects with moderate to severe dementia.DESIGN: Multicenter cross-sectional observational study.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Older patients consecutively admitted to acute and rehabilitation hospital wards.MEASURES: The DSM-5 was used as the reference standard delirium assessment. The presence and severity of dementia was defined using the AD8 and the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). The 4-DSD is a 4-item tool that ranges from 0 to 12. Item 1 measures alertness, item 2 altered function, item 3 attention, and item 4 acute change or fluctuation in mental status.RESULTS: A total of 134 patients were included in the study. Most of the patients were enrolled in acute hospital wards (60%), with 40% in rehabilitation settings. A minority of the patients were categorized with moderate dementia, with a GDS score of 5 (4%). Most of the patients were in the moderate-severe stage with a GDS score ≤6 (77%); 19% were classed as severe, with a GDS score of 7. A 4-DSD cutoff score ≥5 had a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 80% with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 67% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 89%. In the subgroup with moderate-severe dementia (n=108), the sensitivity and the specificity were 79% and 82%, respectively, with a PPV and NPV of 62% and 92%. In the subgroup with severe dementia (n=26) the sensitivity was 82% and the specificity 56% with a PPV of 78% and a NPV of 63%.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The availability of a specific tool to detect delirium in patients with moderate-severe dementia has important clinical and research implications, allowing all health care providers to improve their ability to identify it.

Published
2021

24. Colorimetric point-of-care detection of Clostridium tyrobutyricum spores in milk samples

Author

Cecere, P., Gatto, F., Cortimiglia, Claudia, Bassi, Daniela, Lucchini, Franco, Cocconcelli, Pier Sandro, Pompa, P. P., Cortimiglia C. (ORCID:0000-0001-6884-091X), Bassi D. (ORCID:0000-0001-9020-3853), Lucchini F. (ORCID:0000-0003-0280-7062), Cocconcelli P. S. (ORCID:0000-0003-2212-7611), Cecere, P., Gatto, F., Cortimiglia, Claudia, Bassi, Daniela, Lucchini, Franco, Cocconcelli, Pier Sandro, Pompa, P. P., Cortimiglia C. (ORCID:0000-0001-6884-091X), Bassi D. (ORCID:0000-0001-9020-3853), Lucchini F. (ORCID:0000-0003-0280-7062), and Cocconcelli P. S. (ORCID:0000-0003-2212-7611)

Abstract

Clostridium tyrobutyricum represents the main spoiling agent responsible for late blowing defects (LBD) in hard and semi-hard cheeses. Its spores are resistant to manufacturing procedures and can germinate during the long ripening process, causing the burst of the cheese paste with a consequent undesirable taste. The lower quality of blown cheeses leads to considerable financial losses for the producers. The early identification of spore contaminations in raw milk samples thus assumes a pivotal role in industrial quality control. Herein, we developed a point of care (POC) testing method for the sensitive detection of C. tyrobutyricum in milk samples, combining fast DNA extraction (with no purification steps) with a robust colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. Our approach allows for the sensitive and specific detection of C. tyrobutyricum spores (limit of detection, LoD: ~2 spores/mL), with the advantage of a clear naked-eye visualization of the results and a potential semi-quantitative discrimination of the contamination level. In addition, we demonstrated the feasibility of this strategy using a portable battery-operated device that allowed both DNA extraction and amplification steps, proving its potential for on-site quality control applications without the requirement of sophisticated instrumentation and trained personnel.

Published
2021

50. Fast Fourier transform-volume integral: a smart approach for the electromagnetic design of complex systems in large fusion devices.

Author

Bettini, P, Torchio, R, Lucchini, F, Voltolina, D, and Alotto, P

Subjects
FOURIER integrals, FAST Fourier transforms, MAGNETIC confinement, ART techniques, COMPUTATIONAL electromagnetics
Abstract

A volume integral (VI) equation method based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) is proposed for the electromagnetic simulation of complex systems in large magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) devices. Such FFT-VI allows for dramatically reducing the time and the human effort required to adapt the CAD input files to models suited for electromagnetic simulations. Moreover, with FFT-VI the mesh generation is performed automatically and is very efficient and robust. The adoption of the FFT allows for significantly reducing the computation time and the memory requirements, therefore making simulations with several millions of unknowns feasible. Numerical results show that, in terms of numerical performances, the FFT-VI method applied to challenging electromagnetic problems in representative MCF devices is markedly superior with respect to the state of the art VI techniques. A sample implementation of FFT-VI is made publicly available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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