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1. Health Effects of Pesticide Exposure in Latin American and the Caribbean Populations: A Scoping Review.

Author

Zúñiga-Venegas, Liliana, Hyland, Carly, Muñoz-Quezada, María, Quirós-Alcalá, Lesliam, Butinof, Mariana, Buralli, Rafael, Cardenas, Andres, Fernandez, Ricardo, Foerster, Claudia, Gouveia, Nelson, Gutiérrez Jara, Juan, Lucero, Boris, Muñoz, María, Ramírez-Santana, Muriel, Smith, Anna, Tirado, Noemi, van Wendel de Joode, Berna, Calaf, Gloria, Handal, Alexis, Soares da Silva, Agnes, Cortés, Sandra, and Mora, Ana

Subjects
Agriculture, Carbamates, Caribbean Region, Child, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Latin America, Occupational Exposure, Organophosphates, Pesticides, Placenta, Pregnancy
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Multiple epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to pesticides is associated with adverse health outcomes. However, the literature on pesticide-related health effects in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region, an area of intensive agricultural and residential pesticide use, is sparse. We conducted a scoping review to describe the current state of research on the health effects of pesticide exposure in LAC populations with the goal of identifying knowledge gaps and research capacity building needs. METHODS: We searched PubMed and SciELO for epidemiological studies on pesticide exposure and human health in LAC populations published between January 2007 and December 2021. We identified 233 publications from 16 countries that met our inclusion criteria and grouped them by health outcome (genotoxicity, neurobehavioral outcomes, placental outcomes and teratogenicity, cancer, thyroid function, reproductive outcomes, birth outcomes and child growth, and others). RESULTS: Most published studies were conducted in Brazil (37%, n=88) and Mexico (20%, n=46), were cross-sectional in design (72%, n=167), and focused on farmworkers (45%, n=105) or children (21%, n=48). The most frequently studied health effects included genotoxicity (24%, n=62) and neurobehavioral outcomes (21%, n=54), and organophosphate (OP) pesticides were the most frequently examined (26%, n=81). Forty-seven percent (n=112) of the studies relied only on indirect pesticide exposure assessment methods. Exposure to OP pesticides, carbamates, or to multiple pesticide classes was consistently associated with markers of genotoxicity and adverse neurobehavioral outcomes, particularly among children and farmworkers. DISCUSSION: Our scoping review provides some evidence that exposure to pesticides may adversely impact the health of LAC populations, but methodological limitations and inconsistencies undermine the strength of the conclusions. It is critical to increase capacity building, integrate research initiatives, and conduct more rigorous epidemiological studies in the region to address these limitations, better inform public health surveillance systems, and maximize the impact of research on public policies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9934.

Published
2022

7. Psychometric Properties of a Self-Perception Questionnaire for Adults with Suspected Misophonia.

Author

Castillo, Benjamín J., Muñoz-Quezada, María T., and Lucero, Boris A.

Subjects
CLASSICAL test theory, CRONBACH'S alpha, MISOPHONIA, PSYCHOMETRICS, INTERPERSONAL relations
Abstract

Misophonia is a disorder of decreased tolerance to specific sounds or stimuli associated with such sounds, called triggers. The aim was to validate a questionnaire on self-perception of the type of sound, visual identification, and origin of sounds in adults with suspected misophonia by Spanish-speaking people. An interview was conducted with a total of 395 participants, divided into four distinct blocks of questions: the trigger of misophonia, the visual identification of gestures or actions related to selective sounds, the emotional closeness between listener and sender, and the impact on the daily personal relationships of the person with misophonia. Each block used classical test theory to factorially validate the instrument. The first group of questions gave as a result four factors: mouth and throat sounds, environmental sounds, material sounds, and pronunciation sounds (Cronbach's alpha =.929; KMO = 0.894). The second group identified two dimensions of reaction to actions and gestures, one related to movements of the mouth and throat and the second to body movements or exaggerated gesticulation (Cronbach's alpha =.840; KMO = 0.819). The third block linked low and high emotional closeness factors (Cronbach's alpha =.690; KMO = 0.633). The fourth block obtained a factor for daily chores and another for affective relationships (Cronbach's alpha =.861; KMO = 0.820). The questionnaire offers valuable insights into the nature of misophonia, and the necessity for further research in this field. These findings emphasize the importance of developing a comprehensive understanding of misophonia to enhance diagnosis. Plain language summary: Questionnaire for adults with suspected misophonia Misophonia is a condition in which certain sounds cause discomfort. Researchers validated a self-assessment questionnaire for Spanish-speaking adults with suspected misophonia. The questionnaire explored sound types, visual identification, and emotional impact. It revealed factors related to mouth and throat sounds, environmental sounds, material sounds, and pronunciation sounds. Understanding misophonia is relevant for accurate diagnosis and future research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Spike-timing-dependent plasticity induction reveals dissociable supplementary- and premotor-motor pathways to automatic imitation.

Author

Turrini, Sonia, Fiori, Francesca, Bevacqua, Naomi, Saracini, Chiara, Lucero, Boris, Candidi, Matteo, and Avenanti, Alessio

Subjects
MOTOR cortex, IMITATIVE behavior, PREMOTOR cortex, TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation
Abstract

Humans tend to spontaneously imitate others' behavior, even when detrimental to the task at hand. The action observation network (AON) is consistently recruited during imitative tasks. However, whether automatic imitation is mediated by cortico-cortical projections from AON regions to the primary motor cortex (M1) remains speculative. Similarly, the potentially dissociable role of AON-to-M1 pathways involving the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) or supplementary motor area (SMA) in automatic imitation is unclear. Here, we used cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) to enhance or hinder effective connectivity in PMv-to-M1 and SMA-to-M1 pathways via Hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) to test their functional relevance to automatic and voluntary motor imitation. ccPAS affected behavior under competition between task rules and prepotent visuomotor associations underpinning automatic imitation. Critically, we found dissociable effects of manipulating the strength of the two pathways. While strengthening PMv-to-M1 projections enhanced automatic imitation, weakening them hindered it. On the other hand, strengthening SMA-to-M1 projections reduced automatic imitation but also reduced interference from task-irrelevant cues during voluntary imitation. Our study demonstrates that driving Hebbian STDP in AON-to-M1 projections induces opposite effects on automatic imitation that depend on the targeted pathway. Our results provide direct causal evidence of the functional role of PMv-to-M1 projections for automatic imitation, seemingly involved in spontaneously mirroring observed actions and facilitating the tendency to imitate them. Moreover, our findings support the notion that SMA exerts an opposite gating function, controlling M1 to prevent overt motor behavior when inadequate to the context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Erratum: “Health Effects of Pesticide Exposure in Latin American and the Caribbean Populations: A Scoping Review”

Author

Zúñiga-Venegas, Liliana A., primary, Hyland, Carly, additional, Muñoz-Quezada, María Teresa, additional, Quirós-Alcalá, Lesliam, additional, Butinof, Mariana, additional, Buralli, Rafael, additional, Cardenas, Andres, additional, Fernandez, Ricardo A., additional, Foerster, Claudia, additional, Gouveia, Nelson, additional, Gutiérrez Jara, Juan P., additional, Lucero, Boris A., additional, Muñoz, María Pía, additional, Ramírez-Santana, Muriel, additional, Smith, Anna R., additional, Tirado, Noemi, additional, van Wendel de Joode, Berna, additional, Calaf, Gloria M., additional, Handal, Alexis J., additional, Soares da Silva, Agnes, additional, Cortés, Sandra, additional, and Mora, Ana M., additional

Published
2023
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19. Revisiting the electrophysiological correlates of valence and expectancy in reward processing – A Multi-lab replication

Author

Paul, Katharina, Angus, Douglas, Bublatzky, Florian, Endrass, Tanja, Jack, Bradley, Korinth, Sebastian, Kroczek, Leon, Lucero, Boris, Mundorf, Annakarina, Nolden, Sophie, Peterburs, Jutta, Pfabigan, Daniela, Schettino, Antonio, Shing, Yee, Turan, Gözem, van der Molen, Melle, Wieser, Matthias, Willscheid, Niclas, Mushtaq, Faisal, Pavlov, Yuri, and Pourtois, Gilles

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Neuroscience and Neurobiology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology, Life Sciences, Psychology, Replication, EEG, FRN/RewP, P300, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Rewards
Abstract

Stage 1 IPA at Cortex

Published
2022
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22. Towards a view from within: The contribution of Francisco Varela to the study of consciousness.

Author

Lanfranco, Renzo C, Canales-Johnson, Andrés, Lucero, Boris, Vargas, Esteban, and Noreika, Valdas

Abstract

The contents of consciousness are complex and dynamic and are embedded in perception and cognition. The study of consciousness and subjective experience has been central to philosophy for centuries. However, despite its relevance for understanding cognition and behaviour, the empirical study of consciousness is relatively new, embroiled by the seemingly opposing subjective and objective sources of data. Francisco Varela (1946–2001) pioneered the empirical study of consciousness by developing novel, naturalised and rich approaches in a non-reductive and comprehensive manner. In this article, we review the main conceptual distinctions and philosophical challenges of consciousness research and highlight the main contributions of Varela and his associates: the development of neurophenomenology as a methodological framework that builds a bridge between subjective and objective sources of data and the discovery of gamma-band phase synchronisation as a neural marker of perceptual awareness. Finally, we describe the work of Varela on time consciousness, his philosophical approach and the implementation of his neurophenomenological framework for its study by integrating subjective reports with neural measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. Revisiting the electrophysiological correlates of valence and expectancy in reward processing – A Multi-lab replication

Author

Paul, Katharina, primary, Angus, Douglas Jozef, additional, Bublatzky, Florian, additional, Dieterich, Raoul, additional, Endrass, Tanja, additional, Greenwood, Lisa-Marie, additional, Hajcak, Greg, additional, Jack, Bradley N, additional, Korinth, Sebastian Peter, additional, Kroczek, Leon O. H., additional, Lucero, Boris, additional, Mundorf, Annakarina, additional, Nolden, Sophie, additional, Peterburs, Jutta, additional, Pfabigan, Daniela M, additional, Schettino, Antonio, additional, Shing, Yee Lee, additional, Turan, Gözem, additional, van der Molen, Melle J. W., additional, Wieser, Matthias J, additional, Willscheid, Niclas, additional, Mushtaq, Faisal, additional, Pavlov, Yuri G., additional, and Pourtois, Gilles, additional

Published
2022
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27. Effectiveness of Adapted Taekwondo, Multi-Component Training and Walking Exercise on Health Status in Independent Older Women: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (TKD & Aging Project)

Author

Valdés-Badilla, Pablo, primary, Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás, additional, Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo, additional, Branco, Braulio Henrique Magnani, additional, Zapata-Bastias, José, additional, Lucero, Boris, additional, and Castillo-Retamal, Franklin, additional

Published
2022
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28. Health Effects of Pesticide Exposure in Latin American and the Caribbean Populations: A Scoping Review

Author

Zúñiga-Venegas, Liliana A., Hyland, Carly, Muñoz-Quezada, María Teresa, Quirós-Alcalá, Lesliam, Butinof, Mariana, Buralli, Rafael, Cardenas, Andres, Fernández, Ricardo A., Foerster, Claudia, Gouveia, Nelson, Jara, Juan P. Gutiérrez, Lucero, Boris A., Muñoz, María Pía, Ramírez-Santana, Muriel, Tirado, Noemi, de Joode, Berna van Wendel, Calaf, Gloria M., Handal, Alexis J., da Silva, Agnes Soares, Cortés, Sandra, Mora, Ana M., Zúñiga-Venegas, Liliana A., Hyland, Carly, Muñoz-Quezada, María Teresa, Quirós-Alcalá, Lesliam, Butinof, Mariana, Buralli, Rafael, Cardenas, Andres, Fernández, Ricardo A., Foerster, Claudia, Gouveia, Nelson, Jara, Juan P. Gutiérrez, Lucero, Boris A., Muñoz, María Pía, Ramírez-Santana, Muriel, Tirado, Noemi, de Joode, Berna van Wendel, Calaf, Gloria M., Handal, Alexis J., da Silva, Agnes Soares, Cortés, Sandra, and Mora, Ana M.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Multiple epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to pesticides is associated with adverse health outcomes. However, the literature on pesticide-related health effects in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region, an area of intensive agricultural and residential pesticide use, is sparse. We conducted a scoping review to describe the current state of research on the health effects of pesticide exposure in LAC populations with the goal of identifying knowledge gaps and research capacity building needs. METHODS: We searched PubMed and SciELO for epidemiological studies on pesticide exposure and human health in LAC populations published between January 2007 and December 2021. We identified 233 publications from 16 countries that met our inclusion criteria and grouped them by health outcome (genotoxicity, neurobehavioral outcomes, placental outcomes and teratogenicity, cancer, thyroid function, reproductive outcomes, birth outcomes and child growth, and others). RESULTS: Most published studies were conducted in Brazil (37%, n = 88) and Mexico (20%, n = 46), were cross-sectional in design (72%, n = 167), and focused on farmworkers (45%, n = 105) or children (21%, n = 48). The most frequently studied health effects included genotoxicity (24%, n = 62) and neurobehavioral outcomes (21%, n = 54), and organophosphate (OP) pesticides were the most frequently examined (26%, n = 81). Forty-seven percent (n = 112) of the studies relied only on indirect pesticide exposure assessment methods. Exposure to OP pesticides, carbamates, or to multiple pesticide classes was consistently associated with markers of genotoxicity and adverse neurobehavioral outcomes, particularly among children and farmworkers. DISCUSSION: Our scoping review provides some evidence that exposure to pesticides may adversely impact the health of LAC populations, but methodological limitations and inconsistencies undermine the strength of the conclusions. It is critical to increase cap, Fil: Zúñiga-Venegas, Liliana A. Universidad Católica del Maule. Centro de Investigaciones de Estudios Avanzados del Maule; Chile, Fil: Hyland, Carly. University of California. School of Public Health. Center for Environmental Research and Community Health; Estados Unidos, Fil: Hyland, Carly. Boise State University. School of Public Health and Population Science; Estados Unidos, Fil: Muñoz-Quezada, María Teresa. Universidad Católica del Maule. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas; Chile, Fil: Quirós-Alcalá, Lesliam. John Hopkins University. Bloomberg School of Public Health. Department of Environmental Health and Engineering; Estados Unidos, Fil: Quirós-Alcalá, Lesliam. University of Maryland. School of Public Health. Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health; Estados Unidos, Fil: Butinof, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina, Fil: Buralli, Rafael. Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Saúde Ambiental; Brasil, Fil: Cardenas, Andres. University of California. School of Public Health. Center for Environmental Research and Community Health; Estados Unidos, Fil: Fernandez, Ricardo A. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina, Fil: Foerster, Claudia. Universidad de O’Higgins. Instituto de Ciencias de la Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales; Chile, Fil: Gouveia, Nelson. Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva; Brasil, Fil: Jara, Juan P. Gutiérrez. Universidad Católica del Maule. Centro de Investigaciones de Estudios Avanzados del Maule; Chile, Fil: Lucero, Boris A. Universidad Católica del Maule. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas; Chile, Fil: Muñoz, María Pía. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Salud Pública; Chile, Fil: Ramírez-Santana, Muriel. Universidad Católica del Norte. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Salud Pública; Chile, Fil: Smith, Anna R. University of California. School of Public Health. Center for Environmental Research and Community Health; Estados Unidos, Fil: Tirado, Noemi. Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Genética; Bolivia, Fil: de Joode, Berna van Wendel. Universidad Nacional. Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances. Infants’ Environmental Health Study; Costa Rica, Fil: Calaf, Gloria M. Universidad de Tarapacá. Instituto de Alta Investigación; Chile, Fil: Calaf, Gloria M. Columbia University Medical Center; Estados Unidos, Fil: Handal, Alexis J. University of Michigan School of Public Health. Department of Epidemiology; Estados Unidos, Fil: da Silva, Agnes Soares. Pan American Health Organization. Estados Unidos, Fil: Cortés, Sandra. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Departamento de Salud Pública. Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable. Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDiS); Chile, Fil: Mora, Ana M. University of California. School of Public Health. Center for Environmental Research and Community Health; Estados Unidos, Fil: Mora, Ana M. Universidad Nacional. Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances. Infants’ Environmental Health Study; Costa Rica

Published
2022

29. Towards a view from within: The contribution of Francisco Varela to the study of consciousness

Author

Villalobos, Mario, Videla, Ronnie, Lanfranco, Renzo C, Canales-Johnson, Andrés, Lucero, Boris, Vargas, Esteban, and Noreika, Valdas

Abstract

The contents of consciousness are complex and dynamic and are embedded in perception and cognition. The study of consciousness and subjective experience has been central to philosophy for centuries. However, despite its relevance for understanding cognition and behaviour, the empirical study of consciousness is relatively new, embroiled by the seemingly opposing subjective and objective sources of data. Francisco Varela (1946–2001) pioneered the empirical study of consciousness by developing novel, naturalised and rich approaches in a non-reductive and comprehensive manner. In this article, we review the main conceptual distinctions and philosophical challenges of consciousness research and highlight the main contributions of Varela and his associates: the development of neurophenomenology as a methodological framework that builds a bridge between subjective and objective sources of data and the discovery of gamma-band phase synchronisation as a neural marker of perceptual awareness. Finally, we describe the work of Varela on time consciousness, his philosophical approach and the implementation of his neurophenomenological framework for its study by integrating subjective reports with neural measures.

Published
2023
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31. Global-Local Neural dynamics of exposure to agrochemicals in humans

Author

Bekinschtein, Tristan, Lucero, Boris, and Canales-Johnson, Andrés

Subjects
Computational Neuroscience, Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Neurobiology, FOS: Clinical medicine, Cognitive Neuroscience, Medicine and Health Sciences, Neurosciences, Life Sciences, Systems Neuroscience
Abstract

To characterise the neural differences between exposed and not exposed participants in an auditory oddball task (global local) to understand the effects of exposition of agrochemicals in neural dynamics of target detection and attention.

Published
2022
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32. Psychometric Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess Perception and Knowledge About Exposure to Pesticides in Rural Schoolchildren of Maule, Chile

Author

Muñoz-Quezada, María Teresa, primary, Lucero, Boris, additional, Castillo, Benjamín, additional, Bradman, Asa, additional, Zúñiga, Liliana, additional, Baumert, Brittney O., additional, Iglesias, Verónica, additional, Muñoz, María Pía, additional, Buralli, Rafael J., additional, and Antini, Carmen, additional

Published
2021
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38. Levels of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Furans (PCDD/Fs) and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in Human Breast Milk in Chile: A Pilot Study

Author

Foerster, Claudia, primary, Zúñiga-Venegas, Liliana, additional, Enríquez, Pedro, additional, Rojas, Jacqueline, additional, Zamora, Claudia, additional, Muñoz, Ximena, additional, Pancetti, Floria, additional, Muñoz-Quezada, María Teresa, additional, Lucero, Boris, additional, Saracini, Chiara, additional, Salas, Claudio, additional, and Cortés, Sandra, additional

Published
2021
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41. Bioethics and environmental justice: the case of the presence of pesticides in schoolchildren in rural communities

Author

Muñoz-Quezada, María Teresa and Lucero, Boris Andrés

Subjects
exposición a plaguicidas, exposição a pesticidas, justiça ambiental, precautionary principle, justicia ambiental, escolares ruraiss, princípio da precaução, Exposure to pesticides, escolares rurales, rural schoolchildren, environmental justice, principio precautorio
Abstract

Resumen: Una serie de estudios evidencian las consecuencias en la salud de las personas expuestas a plaguicidas, ya sea por la actividad laboral como por vivir o estudiar cerca de predios agrícolas. La exposición ocupacional a una serie de insecticidas, herbicidas y fungicidas está asociada principalmente a cáncer, daño neurocognitivo y motor, polineuropatía periférica, depresión y ansiedad, malformaciones en niños al nacer, dificultades endocrinas y en el sistema reproductivo, daño renal y genotóxicos. A través de una revisión de la literatura, el objetivo del siguiente artículo consistió en dilucidar la situación de exposición a plaguicidas en comunidades escolares rurales y aplicar elementos de la bioética y justicia ambiental para proponer un cambio y acciones que permitan mejorar su calidad de vida y salud, por el derecho a vivir libres de contaminación ambiental. La justicia ambiental busca mucho más que la equidad y el tratamiento justo y de calidad similar al de otras comunidades no vulnerables, apunta a hacer que las mismas comunidades exijan la necesidad de una sociedad más igualitaria que vele por el derecho a vivir en un medio ambiente limpio. Resumo: Uma série de estudos evidenciam as conseqüências na saúde das pessoas expostas a pesticidas, seja por atividade de trabalho como por viver ou estudar perdo de prédiso agrícolas. A exposição ocupacional a uma série de inseticidas, herbicidas e fungicidas está associada principalmente a câncer, dano neurocognitivo e motor, polineuropatia periférica, depressão e ansiedade, mal formações em crianças ao nascer, dificuldade endócrinas e no sistema reprodutivo, dano renal e genotóxicos. Através de uma revisão da literatura, o objetivo do artigo seguinte consistiu em elucidar a situação de exposição a pesticidas em comunidades escolares rurais e aplicar elementos de bioética e justiça ambiental para propor uma mudança e ações que permitam melhorar sua qualidade de vida e saúde, pelo direito a viver livre de contaminação ambiental. A justiça ambiental busca muito mais que a equidade e o tratamento justo e de qualidade similar ao de outras comunidades não vulneráveis, tenta fazer que as mesmas comunidades exijam a necessidade de uma sociedade mais igualitária que vele pelo direito a viver em um meio ambiente limpo. Abstract: A series of studies show the health consequences of people exposed to pesticides either because of their work activity or because they live or study near agricultural land. Occupational exposure to a series of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides is mainly associated with cancer, neurocognitive and motor damage, peripheral polyneuropathy, depression and anxiety, malformations in children at birth, endocrine and reproductive system difficulties, kidney damage and genotoxic effects. Through a review of the literature, the objective of the following article was to elucidate the situation of exposure to pesticides in rural school communities, unveil the bioethical dilemmas in which they are located and the need to apply elements of environmental justice to generate a change and actions to improve their quality of life and health, for the right to live free of environmental pollution. Environmental justice seeks much more than equity and fair treatment and quality similar to that of other non-vulnerable communities, aims to make the same communities demand the need for a more egalitarian society that ensures the right to live in an environment cleansed.

Published
2019

42. Bioética y justicia ambiental: el caso de presencia de plaguicidas en escolares de comunidades rurales

Author

Muñoz-Quezada,María Teresa and Lucero,Boris Andrés

Subjects
exposición a plaguicidas, justicia ambiental, escolares rurales, principio precautorio
Abstract

Resumen: Una serie de estudios evidencian las consecuencias en la salud de las personas expuestas a plaguicidas, ya sea por la actividad laboral como por vivir o estudiar cerca de predios agrícolas. La exposición ocupacional a una serie de insecticidas, herbicidas y fungicidas está asociada principalmente a cáncer, daño neurocognitivo y motor, polineuropatía periférica, depresión y ansiedad, malformaciones en niños al nacer, dificultades endocrinas y en el sistema reproductivo, daño renal y genotóxicos. A través de una revisión de la literatura, el objetivo del siguiente artículo consistió en dilucidar la situación de exposición a plaguicidas en comunidades escolares rurales y aplicar elementos de la bioética y justicia ambiental para proponer un cambio y acciones que permitan mejorar su calidad de vida y salud, por el derecho a vivir libres de contaminación ambiental. La justicia ambiental busca mucho más que la equidad y el tratamiento justo y de calidad similar al de otras comunidades no vulnerables, apunta a hacer que las mismas comunidades exijan la necesidad de una sociedad más igualitaria que vele por el derecho a vivir en un medio ambiente limpio.

Published
2019

50. Exposición a plaguicidas organofosforados y polineuropatía periférica en trabajadores de la región del Maule, Chile

Author

Grillo Pizarro, Ángela, Achú, Eduardo, Muñoz Quezada, María Teresa, Lucero, Boris, Grillo Pizarro, Ángela, Achú, Eduardo, Muñoz Quezada, María Teresa, and Lucero, Boris

Abstract

Background. Organophosphate pesticides (OP) are used massively for their low cost, low environmental persistence and high effectiveness in insect pest control, however, agricultural workers, when exposed to OP, have negative consequences on their health mainly neurological. For the first time, a research is reported in a Latin American population that studied the association between labor exposure to OP and the presence of peripheral polyneuropathy in agricultural workers. The aim of the study was to estimate the relationship between occupational exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OP) and presence of peripheral polyneuropathy in workers in the Maule Region, Chile. Method. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 55 agricultural workers exposed to OP and 58 non-agricultural workers not exposed. It was applied a test for the detection of peripheral polyneuropathy through pallesthetic threshold assessment by on-off method. To estimate the relationship between exposure to OP pesticides and peripheral polyneuropathy, we used a multiple logistic regression model (95% confidence interval). Results. 26% of the total sample had polyneuropathy, with 38% positive cases for the exposed group and 14% for the non-exposed group. The risk of developing peripheral polyneuropathy was 3.6 times higher in workers exposed to OP than in non-exposed workers. Conclusions. There is a positive association between the presence of peripheral polyneuropathy and chronic occupational exposure to OP, adjusting for age and sex., RESUMEN Fundamentos. Los plaguicidas organofosforados (OP) se usan de manera masiva, por su bajo costo y por su baja persistencia, en el medio ambiente y su alta efectividad en el control de plagas de insectos, sin embargo, los trabajadores agrícolas, cuando se exponen a OP, presentan consecuencias negativas en su salud, principalmente de caracter neurológico. Por primera vez se reporta una investigación en población latinoamericana que estudió la asociación entre exposición laboral a OP y presencia de polineuropatía periférica en trabajadores agrícolas. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la relación entre exposición laboral a plaguicidas organofosforados (OP) y presencia de polineuropatía periférica en trabajadores de la Región del Maule, Chile. Método. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico con 55 trabajadores agrícolas expuestos a OP y 58 trabajadores no agrícolas no expuestos. Se aplicó una prueba para la detección de polineuropatía periférica a través de la evaluación del umbral palestésico por método on-off. Para estimar la relación entre exposición a plaguicidas OP y polineuropatía periférica se realizó un modelo de regresión logística múltiple (intervalo de confianza del 95%). Resultados. Un 26% del total de la muestra padecía de polineuropatía, con un 38% de casos positivos para el grupo expuesto y un 14% para el grupo no expuesto. El riesgo de desarrollar polineuropatía periférica fue 3,6 veces mayor en los trabajadores expuestos a OP que en los trabajadores no expuestos. Conclusiones. Existe una asociación positiva entre la presencia de polineuropatía periférica y la exposición laboral crónica a OP, ajustando por edad y sexo.

Published
2018

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