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Combating domestic violence requires an interdisciplinary approach to solving this serious social problem, with law, legal practice and science playing a very important role. Theoretically, it appears as physical, psychological, sexual and economic violence, while the victims are mostly weaker social groups - women, children and the elderly. Numerous international documents, as well as national regulations in the field of family, criminal and misdemeanor law, provide protection against domestic violence, but statistical indicators do not speak in favor of sufficient effectiveness in their application in practice. The COVID-19 pandemic has in a way further intensified the existing ones, but also created new challenges in the fight against domestic violence. Measures of social isolation, unavailability of competent institutions and general uncertainty are just some of the causes that have contributed to the increase in the number of cases of domestic violence, and the possibility of protecting victims of such treatment.

Uključivanje osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama u život zajednice interdisciplinarna je tema pri čemu pravni aspekti igraju značajnu ulogu. Normativni okvir ovoga procesa daje mu pravnu utemeljenost, stvara mehanizme njegove realizacije, ali i sustave nadzora i praćenja, čime posljedično determinira smjer i uspješnost njegove provedbe. Uzimajući u obzir ulogu ljudskih prava za uspješno uključivanje osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama u život zajednice, cilj je ovoga rada prikazati i analizirati relevantne međunarodne i europske norme te ispitati usklađenost nacionalnih standarda s međunarodnim i europskim standardima zaštite osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama u ovome pravnom području. U radu se osobit naglasak stavlja na normativni okvir za provođenje procesa deinstitucionalizacije koji igra ključnu ulogu za potpunu inkluziju osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama i njihovo aktivno sudjelovanje u društvenoj zajednici, uvažavajući i poštujući slobodu izbora tih osoba i načelo osobne kontrole nad vlastitim životom.

Izvanbračna zajednica može podrazumijevati različite oblike izvanbračnog suživota ; unatoč tome, u pravnom smislu terminom izvanbračna zajednica označava se obiteljska životna zajednica para koji nije sklopio brak. Pravno uređenje izvanbračne zajednice, kao pitanje obiteljskog prava, prvenstveno je stvar nacionalnog prava. Međutim, u suvremenom svijetu društvenih promjena, globalizacije, međunarodnih integracija i slobode kretanja ljudi, i međunarodno i europsko pravo moraju dati određene odgovore na postojanje velikog broja izvanbračnih obitelji. Budući da nacionalni zakonodavci imaju vrlo različite pristupe njihovoj pravnoj zaštiti, nije jednostavno odrediti jasne pravne standarde za zaštitu izvanbračnih obitelji na međunarodnoj i europskoj razini. U ovom radu prvo se pojmovno određuje pojam izvanbračne zajednice u pravnom smislu. Nadalje, raspravlja se pravni položaj izvanbračnih obitelji u smislu međunarodnopravne zaštite ljudskih prava. U radu se naglašava utjecaj sudske prakse ESLJP, kao i sudske prakse Suda Europske unije kao najrelevantnijih pravosudnih institucija uključenih u pravnu zaštitu obiteljskog života izvanbračnih obitelji na međunarodnoj razini. Ovim istraživanjem nastoji se ponuditi neke korisne znanstvene spoznaje o pitanju međunarodnopravne zaštite izvanbračnih obitelji. Zaključno se pokušava dati odgovor na pitanje uživaju li izvanbračne obitelji adekvatan pravni status u međunarodnom pravu i pravu EU, te opsegu i sadržaju pravne zaštite izvanbračnih obitelji u ovim pravnim režimima.

One of the basic prerequisites for a healthy and safe development of a child is certainly the protection of the natural environment. The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia prescribes that the right to a healthy life is the right of every person and that everyone is obliged, within the limits of his / her authority and activities, to devote particular attention to the protection of human health, nature and the human environment. It is the duty of the State to ensure the conditions for the protection of the environment, as a presumption of the protection of the health of every human being, and taking into account that children constitute a particularly vulnerable group of society, protection and realization of their rights should be approached with particular care. It has been more than 30 years since the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), which contains provisions that explicitly and implicitly relate to environmental protection and stipulates that all signatory countries will direct the education of children towards the development of respect for the natural environment. As far as individual action is concerned, the most can be done through local environmental activities, respecting bottom up approach in order to achieve better regional and national results. Taking all of the aforementioned facts into consideration, this paper will examine actions undertaken by the City of Osijek, which are, in accordance with its competencies, aimed to protect the child's right to a healthy environment, as well as activities related to the education of children that promotes natural environment. After discussing the activities to date, suggestions will be given for possible further action aimed towards better protection of the child's rights to a healthy environment based on better institutional integration of science and practice in this area.

The right to respect family life is a basic human right protected by large number of international documents. Contemporary migrations could make realization of that right a challenging task, especially in cases where family members are separated from each other as a refuges. Directive 2003/86/EC on the right to family reunification set out common rules of law relating to the right to family reunification but there are number of questions concerning protection of family unit and facilitation of integration of nationals of non-member countries that should be regulated by national law. In this paper, we will first discus some diversities in national legislation concerning protection of family reunification rights, notably the determination of family status as a base for the protection. The second part of the paper will discuss relevant legal practise of CJEU with special regard to the two recent judgments of the CJEU related to right to family reunification of migrants and refuges. Analysed cases concern the application of the Directive 2003/86/EC on the right to family reunification to refugees. In Case C‑550/16 A and S v. Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie the CJEU has ruled on the family reunification rights of unaccompanied minor refugee and in Case C‑380/17 K, B v. Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie the has ruled on the problem with failure to comply with the time limit of three months following the grant of international protection. Although starting from different facts both judgments concern parts of national law regarding family and refugee status that member states can regulate differently. In that light, this paper will discuss obstacles in realization of family reunification rights and consequently integration and social cohesion problems of migrants and refugees that can derive from national legislations and try to give the perspective on the question of influence of CJEU practice to the national law in this legal area.

In 2015 Croatia reformed family law legislation. Among other family law issues, divorce proceedings were changed significantly. This reform was mostly marked with strengthening of procedural rights of a child and simplification of divorce proceedings in situation of mutual agreement of spouses about parental responsibility issues. Croatian legislator introduced different mechanisms to help parents to achieve that kind of agreement, taking into great consideration importance of respect of all procedural rights of a child. These changes reflect notably to the financial costs and the lent of divorce proceeding, thus creating a range of economic issues related to the new legal solutions. Paper will start with the analyses of divorce legal orders in Croatia with special regard to the new mandatory counselling proceeding. Economic issues of divorce proceedings with and without parental responsibility agreement will be discussed indicating financial dilemmas arising from it. Comparison of divorce proceeding case in accordance to Family act 2003 to divorce proceeding case in accordance to Family act 2015 will be conducted in order to bring conclusions about their financial differences. The authors will present the results of empirical research conducted before the municipal court in Osijek, regarding the economic changes that the new regulations undergo. Finally, authors will give their viewpoints about (dis)advantages of new Croatian approach of divorce and directions for further scientific researches in this thematic area.

Knjiga okuplja autore iz različitih grana prava koji analiziraju nove institute hrvatskog obiteljskog prava i postupka te raspravljaju o suvremenim obiteljskopravnim temama.

Every child has the right to a standard of living appropriate for his development. Parents have an obligation, depending on their abilities and material capabilities, to secure life conditions required for child’s development. On the other hand, the state has a commitment to provide parents with adequate help in achieving child's right to a suitable standard of living. Croatian family law requires parents to support underage and, under some circumstances, even legal age children. The aim of this research, from legal and economical point of view, is to analyse the institute of child maintenance within the Croatian law. Special emphasis is on the analysis of newest family law solutions regarding guidelines about level of child maintenance considering child's age, number of children and the pay grade of child sustainer. After detailed analysis of current legal framework and its usage in practice, this work will disclose whether the legislator goal, which is higher level of legal security and simplifying procedures of determining level of child maintenance, its increase and decrease, is achieved with the latest changes in this legal area.

This paper discusses the matter of parents prior right to provide his/her child with care in situations in which a child’s parent is a person with intellectual disabilities. The author analyzes the case of A.K. and L. v. Croatia in which European Court of Human Rights concluded that it come to violation of the right to family life of A.K, a mother with an intellectual disability and her son L., who was adopted without the mother’s consent. The paper presents a critical review of Croatian family law in a matter of a parent’s consent for an adoption when the parent is a person with intellectual disabilities. By connecting contemporary standpoints of the European Court of Human Rights and the latest scientific knowledge about the ability of persons with intellectual disabilities to take care of their child, the author discusses a possible conflict between the principle of child’s best interest and the priority right of a parent to take care of his/her child. Also, the author warns about the danger of a parent with intellectual disabilities being deprived of his/her parental rights and completely excluded from the process of adoption even in situations when the parent could, with adequate professional help and support, maintain a family relationship with the child. From that perspective the author also discusses the latest reforms of the family law concerning protection of parental rights of persons deprived of their capacity for work.

Utvrđivanjem porijekla djeteta zasniva se obiteljskopravni statusni odnos roditelj - dijete i nastaju sva prava i obveze koji iz tog odnosa proizlaze. Od iznimnog je interesa djeteta i roditelja predvidjeti adekvatne pravne mehanizme za utvrđivanje djetetova porijekla pomoću kojih će se ovaj odnos uspostaviti što je prije moguće nakon djetetova rođenja. U radu se analiziraju odredbe o utvrđivanju porijekla djeteta u hrvatskome obiteljskom zakonodavstvu s posebnim osvrtom na nova rješenja koja je u ovome pravnom području donio novi Obiteljski zakon. S jedne strane se ukazuje na vrlo važne pomake vezano za utvrđivanje porijekla djeteta koji su nastali pod utjecajem relevantne prakse Europskog suda za ljudska prava, dok se s druge strane ukazuje na propuste zakonodavca koje bi de lege ferenda trebalo ispraviti.

The upward trend of people who, instead of living in marriage, opt for a life in cohabitation has spread, though with different rates, almost all over the European continent. As a consequence thereof, national legislators are facing complex issues requiring swifter, more efficient and socially acceptable responses in law. Depending on traditional, cultural and religious specificities, the reactions of national legislators have greatly varied, so in the European context, legal protection of people living in cohabitation is today one of the least harmonized areas of family law. Since all the signatory states to the European Convention on Human Rights (formally European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) have recognized the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights, its practice is surely an indispensible factor in the search for adequate answers to many issues bothering national legislators. The goal of this paper is to analyse whether and how the rising socio-demographic tendency of living in cohabitation has exercised influence on the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, is this Court willing to adapt its interpretations of the provisions of the Convention adopted over six decades ago to the changes in family formations and if there is discrimination, from the Court’s point of view, against cohabitants with respect to spouses in legal systems which deprive the former of the legal status of the latter.

Autorica se u radu bavi dokazivanjem izvanbračne zajednice u hrvatskom zakonodavstvu i sudskoj praksi. Nakon analize velikog broj propisa koji izvanbračnoj zajednici utvrđuju pravne učinke, autorica zaključuje o antinomijama hrvatskog prava koje postoje oko pojmovnog određenja, bitnih obilježja i načina dokazivanja izvanbračne zajednice. U radu se kritizira to što se šireći pravne učinke braka na izvanbračnu zajednicu hrvatski zakonodavac nije opterećivao problemom njenog dokazivanja, ujednačenošću sustava kao cjeline, kao ni odnosom među pojedinim propisima, zbog čega danas odgovor na pitanje tko su izvanbračni drugovi u hrvatskom pravu i kako mogu dokazati svoj izvanbračni status nije potpuno jasan. Kao poseban problem autorica ističe nejasan (obiteljsko)pravni položaj osoba koje ostvaruju izvanbračni suživot, a ne ispunjavaju pretpostavke za valjano sklapanje braka, prije svega osoba lišenih poslovne sposobnosti. Polazeći od pretpostavke da se učinkovitost propisa očituje u njegovoj primjeni, autorica u radu prikazuje i analizira velik broj sudskih odluka u kojima se odlučivalo o postojanju izvanbračne zajednice. Iz provedene analize relevantnih sudskih odluka proizlazi da sudska praksa ne uspijeva djelovati kao korektiv neujednačenom zakonodavstvu nego da, upravo suprotno, neujednačeno zakonodavstvo sustavno prouzrokuje proturječnu sudsku praksu, što stvara pravnu nesigurnost kako u odnosu na izvanbračne drugove, tako i na treće osobe. Kao odgovor na takvo pravno stanje, autorica zaključno upućuje na pravilan odabir kriterija za rješavanje postojećih zakonskih antinomija, ali i na nužne promjene de lege ferenda.

Cilj je ovog rada prikazati objektivnu građanskopravnu odgovornost kroz slučaj odgovornosti vlasnika kao subjekta odgovornosti od opasne stvari. U radu se govori o objektivnoj odgovornosti za naknadu štete, njenim pozitivnim i negativnim učincima, pitanjima moguće odštetnopravne kodifikacije u europskom pravu, raspravlja se o pojmu opasne stvari, vlasniku opasne stvari kao subjektu odgovornosti s posebnim osvrtom na odgovornost vlasnika motornih vozila, pretpostavkama odgovornosti, mogućnostima oslobođenja od odgovornosti, iznosi se nekoliko usporednih odštetnopravnih rješenja i raspravlja o mišljenjima i idejama utjecajnih hrvatskih i svjetskih odštetnopravnih teoretičara. Budući da sam zakon ne definira opasnu stvar, u radu se, također, daje pregled sudske prakse koja odgovora na pitanja koje se stvari, u skladu s hrvatskim pravnim sustavom, mogu smatrati opasnim stvarima, te pod kojim uvjetima i na koji način njihovi vlasnici odgovaraju za štetu koja od njih nastane. Također se ovim radom želi ukazati posebna pažnja na neke nedorečenosti zakonskog teksta koji uređuje predmetnu pravnu problematiku, kao i na to kako se ona odražava na sudsku praksu te razmotriti postoji li pravni prostor i po kojim konkretnim pravnim pitanjima da se (po uzoru na neke druge napredne pravne sustave) postojeća zakonska rješenja izmjene i/ili nadopune jasnijim i određenijim čija bi primjena olakšala donošenje nedvojbenih i pravno opravdanih sudskih odluka.

The paper deals with the economic analysis of tort law. Particular emphasis is given to the analysis of tort law solutions in Croatian civil law system. The main aim of the paper is to demonstrate the economic analysis of fault liability and strict liability. Calling upon several influential scientific concepts and criteria such as Pareto efficiency and Kaldor-Hicks criterion, the paper presents a brief overview and analysis of different solutions that economic analysis of tort law provides. Using the normative approach of the analysis, which should give an answer to the question how legal rules ought to be, the paper analyzes a preventive function of tort law based on abetment of responsibility of each individual. In addition, by offering selected examples of economic analysis, the paper will examine the tort law in function of welfare economics, morality and usefulness of the individual that affects the social welfare in general.

Cilj je ovoga rada izložiti osnovne postulate izravne demokracije, teorijski odrediti njene osnovne instrumente, osvrnuti se na njen razvoj kroz povijest, obrazložiti opravdanost i neopravdanost kritika koje joj se pridodaju, te na primjeru nekoliko odabranih europskih zemalja prikazati kako ona danas funkcionira u praksi. U ovome se radu također analizira utječe li i kako izravna demokracija na gospodarski razvoj, te je li i kakav utjecaj vršila do sada u onim sustavima gdje se više i češće prakticirala. Ukazuje se i na sve veće prepoznavanje prednosti izravne demokracije, na mogućnosti koje dobro osmišljenom i uspješno provedenom primjenom izravna demokracija nudi, na nužnost za ostavljanjem većeg prostora za njen brži i jači razvoj, posebno u gospodarski nestabilnim, nerazvijenim tranzicijskim zemljama s narušenim povjerenjem u vladajuće političke strukture.

Cilj je ovog rada prezentirati stilizirane činjenice o osnovnim modelima ekonomskog rasta pomoću kojih se objašnjava proces razvoja te staviti naglasak na institucionalnu ekonomiju kao dio endogene teorije rasta koja podržava ideju kako će se neka zemlja razvijati ako razvija i jača (1) institucije usmjerene na smanjivanje transakcijskih troškova i povećanja povjerenja što generira povećane inicijative za razvojne programe i (2) institucije koje omogućuju pojedincima stjecanje znanja, vještina, informacija, proizvodnih resursa i usluga potrebnih da povećaju svoju produktivnost, dohodak i općenito blagostanje. Kao dokaz važnosti institucija u ekonomskom razvoju, rad interpretira ekonomsku povijest kroz nekoliko izabranih primjera koji pokazuju u kojoj mjeri ekonomski uspjeh ovisi o (kvaliteti) institucija i institucionalnog okvira.

Skripta Osnove građanskog prava II uvest će studente u osnove obveznog i nasljednog prava. Saznat će što su to obveze, kako sklopiti ugovor, kako pojačati obveznopravni odnos, kako se taj odnos može promijeniti te prestati. Dobit će i osnovna znanja o ugovorima koji se najčešće koriste u pravnom prometu te o izvanugovornim obvezama s posebnim naglaskom na odgovornost za štetu. Također će saznati što je to zakonsko nasljedno pravo, a što oporučno i nužno nasljedno pravo. Upoznat će se i s osnovnim obilježjima ostavinskog postupka.