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Background and aims: The optimal management of naïve and not naïve Helicobacter pylori patients remains unclear. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate whether the actual clinical practice mirrors the indications suggested by the guidelines. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and the safety of the empirical first- and second-line treatments prescribed to patients enroled at Italian centres participating in the European Registry on H. pylori Management (Hp-EuReg). Methods: The Hp-EuReg is an international multicentre prospective non-interventional registry starting in 2013 aiming to evaluate the management of H. pylori infection by European gastroenterologists. Patients were registered in an e-CRF by AEG-REDCap. Variables assessed included demographics, previous eradication attempts, treatment regimen, effectiveness, and tolerance. Results: Overall, 3723 patients from 2013 to February 2021 were included: 2996 and 727 received an empirical first- and second-line treatment, respectively. According to the modified ITT analysis, among the first-line regimens, only the bismuth quadruple therapy with three-in-one-single capsule (BQT-TSC), the concomitant, and the sequential treatment - all lasting 10 days - achieved an eradication rate >90%. Among the second-line regimens, only the 10-day BQT-TSC reported an effectiveness >90%. High-dose PPI twice daily also significantly increased the effectiveness of some therapies. The BQT-TSC was the regimen with the highest incidence of adverse events. Conclusions: Only quadruple therapies lasting at least 10 days achieved over 90% eradication rates among the empirical first- and second-line regimens. It remains unclear whether high-dose PPI twice daily can improve the efficacy of quadruple treatment.

Background and aim: Bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) or non-bismuth quadruple therapy (i.e., concomitant therapy) (CT) is the first-line regimens to eradicate H. pylori infection in areas with high prevalence of clarithromycin (CLA) resistance. Guidelines suggest that in areas of high prevalence of H. pylori strains with double resistance (i.e., CLA + metronidazole), BQT should be preferred to CT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BQT administered through the three-in-one pill (Pylera) formulation in a large series of H. pylori–infected patients, naive to treatment in a region with high CLA and dual resistance.Patients and methods: We treated 250 patients (148 F and 102 M, mean age 48.6 years) with H. pylori infection naïve to treatment. Patients received esomeprazole 40 mg bid and Pylera 3 tablets qid for 10 days. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection was through 13C urea breath test (13C UBT), or stool antigen test or histology, as appropriate. The evaluation of eradication was through 13C UBT at least 45 days after the end of therapy. Incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) was assessed through a questionnaire at the end of treatment. Compliance was considered good if at least 90% of medication had been taken. Statistical analysis was per intention-to-treat e per protocol (PP). 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.Results: 1) 13 patients (5.2%) discontinued therapy due to side effects; 2) eradication rates in ITT and PP were 227/250 (90.8%; 95% CI 86.3–93.7%) and 226/237 (95.3%; 95% CI 91–99%), respectively; 3) the prevalence of TRAEs was 26.8%; and 4) adherence to treatment was good with compliance greater than 90%.Conclusion: In this real-life study, we demonstrate that in an area with a high prevalence of H. pylori strains with CLA or CLA + metronidazole resistance, BQT using Pylera is an effective therapeutic strategy with ITT eradication rates higher than 90%; this therapy is associated with good compliance and low incidence of side effects.

Introduction Normal sexual activity is an important determinant of quality of life. Unfortunately, several chronic health disorders are associated with an impaired sexual function. Objective To provide coverage of the current literature on prevalence and pathophysiology of sexual dysfunction in patients with gastrointestinal and liver disorders Methods A Comprehensive review of the literature on the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in chronic gastrointestinal and liver disorders, assessing the underlying mechanism (s) was performed. Results Many gastrointestinal disorders, either functional or organic, are associated with some degree of sexual dysfunction. The main pathogenic mechanisms are: (i) the disease itself causing fatigue, anxiety or depression with a potential alteration of self-esteem; (ii) worry of transmitting a potential infectious agent through sexual activity; (iii) alteration of the endocrine mechanisms which are necessary for normal sexual functioning; (iv) chronic pro- inflammatory conditions which may cause endothelial dysfunction and abnormal vascular responses; (v) iatrogenic. Conclusion Based on this review, a thorough evaluation of sexual function through validated questionnaires and/or psychological interviews with patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders should be part of the clinical assessment in order to timely diagnose and possibly treat sexual dysfunction in this clinical setting.

Background: Bismuth quadruple (BQT) and non-bismuth quadruple (N-BQT) therapies are the recommended first-line treatments for Helicobacter (H.) pylori infection. Objective: To compare the efficacy of BQT and N-BQT in clinical practice in an area with high clarithromycin resistance, choosing the regimen on the basis of previous exposure to clarithromycin. Methods: A total of 404 consecutive Hpylori-positive, naïve patients were enrolled. A total of 203 patients without previous exposure to clarithromycin received N-BQT, 100 patients for 10days and 103 for 14days, whereas 201 with previous exposure to clarithromycin received 10-day BQT. Efficacy and treatment-related adverse events were assessed. Results and Conclusions: Eradication rates by intention-to-treat analysis were 88.2% for N-BQT and 91.5% for BQT (P=.26); per-protocol analysis eradication rates were 91.2% and 95.8% for N-BQT and BQT, respectively (P=.07). Eradication rates were significantly higher with 14-day than 10-day CT (P&nbsp

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic multifactorial diseases characterized by partially unclear pathogenic mechanisms including changes in intestinal microbiota. Despite the microbiota, alteration is well established in IBD patients, as reported by 16RNA sequencing analysis, an important goal is to define if it is just a consequence of the disease progression or a trigger factor of the disease itself. To date, gut microbiota composition and gut microbiota-related metabolites seem to affect the host healthy state both by modulating metabolic pathways or acting on the expression of different genes through epigenetic effects. Because of this, it has been suggested that intestinal microbiota might represent a promising therapeutic target for IBD patients. : The aim of this review is to summarize both the most recent acquisitions in the field of gut microbiota and its involvement in intestinal inflammation together with the available strategies for the modulation of microbiota, such as prebiotics and/or probiotics administration or fecal microbiota transplantation.

Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative flagellated microorganism that has been extensively studied since its first isolation due to its widespread diffusion and association with numerous diseases. While the bacterium is proved to be a causative factor for a number of gastric diseases such as gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma, and MALT-lymphoma, its role at other gastrointestinal levels and in other systems is being thoroughly studied. In this article, we reviewed the latest published clinical and laboratory studies that investigated associations of H. pylori with hematologic diseases such as Vitamin B12- and iron-deficiency anemia, primary immune thrombocytopenia, and with a number of dermatologic and ophthalmic diseases. In addition, the putative role of the bacterium in inflammatory bowel diseases, esophageal disorders, metabolic, diseases, neurologic diseases and allergy were outlined.