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Fagopyrum represents an economically and nutritionally important crop which belongs to the group of pseudocereals. Buckwheat is referred to be a functional crop with a wide range of use around the world. Grains of buckwheat are nutritionally significant. They are characterised by a high content of starch, proteins, flavonoids and fibre. SCoT technique is used for the detection of plant genes polymorphism, for the evaluation of genetic diversity and for mapping the functional regions of the genome. The aim of the work was to perform molecular analyses of 21 genotypes of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench and 14 genotypes of Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. using ten gene-targeted SCoT markers. The seedlings of buckwheat were used for DNA isolation and subsequently for the amplification of the DNA using a polymerase chain reaction. The number of amplified fragments ranged from 12 (SCoT 60, SCoT 13) to 27 (SCoT 12). The total number of fragments was 176 of which 162 were polymorphic with an average of polymorphic fragments 16.2. The percentage of polymorphism ranged from 58.33 % (SCoT 60) to 100 % (SCoT 12, SCoT 13, SCoT 29, SCoT 30) with an average of 90.29 %. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values characterize the polymorphism of used SCoT markers. The PIC values ranged from 0.578 (SCoT 60) to 0.932 (SCoT 36) with an average of 0.859. The genetic diversity of buckwheat was determined by hierarchical cluster analysis using the UPGMA algorithm in the created dendrogram. Genotypes of buckwheat were divided into two main clusters. Two genotypes of common buckwheat (Siva, Špačinska I) from Slovenia and the Slovak Republic, respectively, as well as another two tartary buckwheat genotypes (Tohno Zairai, Winsor Royal) from unknown regions, respectively, were genetically the closest. The PCoA plot confirmed the separation of tartary buckwheat from common buckwheat resulting in the constructed dendrogram According to our results, we can consider the SCoT technique appropriate for differentiation of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench and Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. genotypes leading to genotype identification and utilization in the breeding process to improve the buckwheat genetic material.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is legume crop of worldwide importance and due to optimal content of proteins and other essential compounds it has a potential as a functional food. Genetic diversity studies are significant from the point of obtaining information important for breeding process. The goal of present work was to analyze genetic diversity among 34 genotypes of common bean from different countries using 5 SCoT (Start Codon Targeted) markers. Altogether 82 DNA fragments were amplified, out of which 66 fragments were polymorphic with an average of 11 polymorphic fragments per primer. The highest number of polymorphic fragments was detected by marker SCoT 59 (15). The percentage of polymorphism ranged from 57.17% (SCoT 2) to 78.57% (SCoT 19) with an average of 67.3%. PIC values varied from 0.719 (SCoT 19) to 0.886 (SCoT 3) and average PIC value was 0.802. The DI values varied between 0.722 (SCoT 19) and 0.888 (SCoT3), with an average of 0.804. The dendrogram of 34 genotypes of common bean, constructed based on hierarchical cluster analysis separated genotypes into two clusters (I and II). Cluster I was formed by two subclusters. Thirty-three genotypes were included in cluster I and genotype Albena (Slovak Republic), which significantly differed from other genotypes in seed size was included in cluster II. Obtained results support the effectiveness of SCoT markers in the analysis of common bean useful for genotypes differentiating and assessment of genetic diversity in the set of common bean germplasm.