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The use of the neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser as an auxiliary tool for lipoplasty has refined the traditional technique. The primary limitation of the traditional technique-large volume blood loss-is addressed by the use of the Nd:YAG laser. This report describe's the technique of laser- assisted liposuction, then reviews and compares the histologic and morphometric effects with those of the traditional method.The Nd:YAG laser was used to produce the desired injury to the adipose tissue after sufficient contact. Laser lipolysis was performed on the patient's right flank in two different areas, with the application of 1,000 and 3,000 J of accumulated energy (in), respectively. Subsequently, another cannula was introduced to suction the liquid content obtained by laser lipolysis. This tissue product was sent to the pathology laboratory for morphologic and morphometric analysis, and for comparison with material obtained from traditional lipoplasty performed on the left flank of the same patient.The histopathologic examination of adipose tissue after laser lipolysis showed cell swelling and less bleeding, as compared with the traditional method. The morphometric analysis showed that the mean diameter of the major adipocyte was 95.69 microm with laser lipolysis using 1,000 J (in), 82.63 microm using 3,000 J (in), and 84.54 microm with the traditional methodThe traditional method produced less reversible cellular damage (swelling) than laser lipolysis using 1,000 J (in). The area receiving 3,000 J (in) showed major irreversible damage (cytoplasmatic retraction and disruption of membranes). For this reason, the mean diameter of the adipocyte was less.

O uso do laser neodymium-yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd-YAG) como instrumento auxiliar para o rejuvenescimento propiciou um refinamento da técnica tradicional. Tal procedimento mostra resultados satisfatórios com relação ao aprimoramento técnico e à recuperação pós-operatória. OBJETIVO: Evidenciar as alterações histológicas e morfométricas encontradas na pálpebra de humanos após aplicação do laser Nd-YAG e comparar com a pele normal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Nove pacientes do sexo feminino foram submetidas à aplicação do laser Nd-YAG em região palpebral direita. A pálpebra esquerda correspondeu à área controle, livre de qualquer tipo de procedimento. Foram realizadas várias aplicações do laser Nd-YAG, sendo que, no último dia, foi realizada biópsia palpebral bilateralmente. Os critérios morfométricos avaliados foram: medida da espessura da epiderme, da área subepidérmica livre de lesão, da zona de degeneração do colágeno e da espessura total da derme. RESULTADOS: Nas áreas submetidas à aplicação do laser Nd-YAG, a espessura média da epiderme foi de 33,53 micrômetros (µm) e a da pele normal foi de 29,61µm (p = 0,1099). A média da medida da área subepidérmica livre de lesão, no lado direito, foi de 40,93µm, e de 36,27µm (p = 0,1373) no esquerdo. A espessura da região de degeneração do colágeno na pálpebra que recebeu tratamento com laser teve média de 293,54µm, enquanto que na pálpebra normal ela foi de 292,22µm (p = 0,4835). No lado onde se aplicou o laser Nd-YAG, a espessura total da derme teve uma média de 681,48µm e, no lado livre de procedimento, 664,14µm (p = 0,3492). DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÕES: Apesar da diferença clínica observada após tratamento de lesões de envelhecimento em pálpebra de humanos com o uso do laser Nd-YAG, nota-se que não houve diferença histológica ou morfométrica após tal procedimento. The use of laser Neodymium-Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet (Nd-YAG) as an auxiliary tool on rejuvenation provided a refining of the traditional technique. This laser procedure show satisfactory results with technical improvement and postoperatory recovery. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to show the histological and morphometrical changes found in human eyelid tissue after the use of laser Nd-YAG and its comparision to the normal structure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nine female patients underwent laser Nd-YAG application on their right eyelid. The left eyelid was taken by control-tissue, free of any kind of procedure. It was made many applications of the laser and on the last day, it was made a bilateral biopsy. The morphometrical criteria appraised were: epidermal denseness measure, subepidermal area free of injury, colagen degeneration and total dermal density. RESULTS: In those areas whose underwent laser the epidermal measure was of 33,53 micrometers (µm) and on the normal tissue, was of 29.61µm (p = 0.1099). The subepidermal measure was, on average, of 40.93µm on right side and of 36.27µm on left side (p = 0.1373). The colagen degeneration measure on the right side was of 293.54µm and on the left side was of 292.22µm (p = 0.4835). On the procedure site, the total dermal measure was of 681,48µm and on the free site, it was of 664.14µm (p = 0.3492). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Despite the clinical changes observed after laser Nd-YAG therapy, there were neither histological nor morphometrical significative changes.

Point mutations in codons 12, 13 and 61 of the KRAS gene and in codon 600 of the BRAF gene can be identified in neoplastic tissue from many different organs. KRAS mutations are present in approximately 40% of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma and this analysis is important to determine response to anti-EGFR targeted therapies. BRAF mutations are present in approximately 40% of the papillary thyroid carcinoma and 10% sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma. BRAF mutation V600E is associated with more aggressive thyroid tumors and its detection is important for thyroid cancer prognosis. Detection of BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer is also useful for characterizing sporadic tumors. A method developed in-house to identify mutations in KRAS (codos 12 and 13) was validated using formalin-fixed paraffin-embeded tissue (FFPE) from 31 surgical specimens diagnosed with metastatic colorrectal cancer. Similarly, a method for BRAF mutation analysis (codon 600) was developed and validaded using 39 smears from fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of the thyroid. Cytology analysis was performed to confirm the presence of neoplastic or suspected lesions. DNA was extract from 1-4 slides containing the FFPE tissue sections or smears from the FNAB. Mutation analyses were performed by Sanger sequencing and results were compared with pyrosequencing. Automatic analysis of nucleotide sequences using the SeqScape software (Applied Biosystems) was also implemented. There was 85.7% and 100% concordance between Sanger sequencing and pyrosequencing for KRAS and BRAF mutation analysis, respectively. Precision intra- and inter-assay analysis were concordant, with the exception of one sample with KRAS mutation. Sensitivity was evaluated using pools containing different proportions of mutated and non-mutated DNA from cell lines. Data analysis by visual inspection resulted in the detection of the mutant allele in samples with at least 10% of mutated DNA. However, KRAS and BRAF mutations analysis using SeqScape software detected the mutant allele in pools containing at least 30% and 25% of mutated DNA, respectively. This is in accordance with the overall sensitivity observed by standard sequencing analysis. In conclusion, KRAS and BRAF mutation analysis can be successfully performed using small amount of tissue sections from FFPE specimens and smears from FNAB. This material has the advantage of requiring small amounts of sample and also allows cytology review of the tissue content prior to molecular analysis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 822.