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1. Comparing Long-Acting Antipsychotic Discontinuation Rates Under Ordinary Clinical Circumstances: A Survival Analysis from an Observational, Pragmatic Study

Author: Bertolini, F., Ostuzzi, G., Pievani, M., Aguglia, A., Bartoli, F., Bortolaso, P., Callegari, C., Caroleo, M., Carra, G., Corbo, M., D'Agostino, A., De Fazio, P., Magliocco, F., Martinotti, G., Ostinelli, E. G., Piccinelli, M. P., Tedeschi, F., Barbui, C., Boschello, F., Gastaldon, C., Mazzi, M. A., Nose, M., Papola, D., Perini, G., Piccoli, A., Purgato, M., Ruggeri, M., Terlizzi, S., Turrini, G., Raffaele, G., Cavallotti, S., Chirico, M., Ferrato, F., Limosani, I., Mastromo, D., Monzani, E., Porcellana, M., Restaino, F., Annese, P. M., Bolognesi, S., Cerretini, M., De Capua, A., Debolini, S., Del Zanna, M., Fargnoli, F., Giannini, A., Luccarelli, L., Lucii, C., Pierantozzi, E., Tozzi, F., Bardicchia, F., Cardamone, G., Facchi, E., Magnani, N., Soscia, F., Biancosino, B., Zotos, S., Giacomin, M., Pompei, F., Spano, M., Zonta, F., Buzzi, A., Callegred, C., Calzolari, R., Caselli, I., Diurni, M., Giana, E., Ielmini, M., Milano, A., Poloni, N., Sani, E., Zizolfi, D., Alberini, G., Cazzamalli, S., Costantini, C., Di Caro, A., Paronelli, C., Piantanida, S., Piccinelli, M., Alessandro, P., Barbanti, S. V., D'Ippolito, C., Gozzi, M., Moretti, V., Campese, O., Di Capro, L., di Giannantonio, M., Fiori, F., Lorusso, M., Mancini, V., Viceconte, D., Calandra, C., Luca, M., Signorelli, M. S., Suraniti, F., Balzarro, B., Boncompagni, G., Caretto, V., Emiliani, R., Lupoli, P., Menchetti, M., Rossi, E., Storbini, V., Tarricone, I., Terzi, L., Boso, M., Catania, C., De Paoli, G., Risaro, P., Aspesi, F., Bava, M., Bono, A., Brambilla, G., Castagna, G., Lucchi, S., Nava, R., Provenzi, M., Tabacchi, T., Tremolada, M., Verrengia, E., Barchiesi, M., Oriani, M. G., Pacetti, M., Ferro, M., Ghio, L., Beneduce, R., Laffranchini, L., Magni, L. R., Rossi, G., Tura, G. B., Addeo, L., Balletta, G., De Vivo, E., Di Benedetto, R., Parise, V. F., Carpiniello, B., Pinna, F., Pecile, D., Mattei, C., Bonavigo, T., Fabrici, E. P., Panarello, S., Peresson, G., Vitucci, C., Gardellin, F., Strizzolo, S., Cossetta, E., Fizzotti, C., Moretti, D., Di Gregorio, L., Sozzi, F., Colli, G., La Barbera, D., Laurenzi, S., Bertolini, F, Ostuzzi, G, Pievani, M, Aguglia, A, Bartoli, F, Bortolaso, P, Callegari, C, Caroleo, M, Carra, G, Corbo, M, D'Agostino, A, De Fazio, P, Magliocco, F, Martinotti, G, Ostinelli, E, Piccinelli, M, Tedeschi, F, Barbui, C, Boschello, F, Gastaldon, C, Mazzi, M, Nose, M, Papola, D, Perini, G, Piccoli, A, Purgato, M, Ruggeri, M, Terlizzi, S, Turrini, G, Raffaele, G, Cavallotti, S, Chirico, M, Ferrato, F, Limosani, I, Mastromo, D, Monzani, E, Porcellana, M, Restaino, F, Annese, P, Bolognesi, S, Cerretini, M, De Capua, A, Debolini, S, Del Zanna, M, Fargnoli, F, Giannini, A, Luccarelli, L, Lucii, C, Pierantozzi, E, Tozzi, F, Bardicchia, F, Cardamone, G, Facchi, E, Magnani, N, Soscia, F, Biancosino, B, Zotos, S, Giacomin, M, Pompei, F, Spano, M, Zonta, F, Buzzi, A, Calzolari, R, Caselli, I, Diurni, M, Giana, E, Ielmini, M, Milano, A, Poloni, N, Sani, E, Zizolfi, D, Alberini, G, Cazzamalli, S, Costantini, C, Di Caro, A, Paronelli, C, Piantanida, S, Alessandro, P, Barbanti, S, D'Ippolito, C, Gozzi, M, Moretti, V, Campese, O, Di Capro, L, di Giannantonio, M, Fiori, F, Lorusso, M, Mancini, V, Viceconte, D, Calandra, C, Luca, M, Signorelli, M, Suraniti, F, Balzarro, B, Boncompagni, G, Caretto, V, Emiliani, R, Lupoli, P, Menchetti, M, Rossi, E, Storbini, V, Tarricone, I, Terzi, L, Boso, M, Catania, C, De Paoli, G, Risaro, P, Aspesi, F, Bava, M, Bono, A, Brambilla, G, Castagna, G, Lucchi, S, Nava, R, Provenzi, M, Tabacchi, T, Tremolada, M, Verrengia, E, Barchiesi, M, Oriani, M, Pacetti, M, Ferro, M, Ghio, L, Beneduce, R, Laffranchini, L, Magni, L, Rossi, G, Tura, G, Addeo, L, Balletta, G, De Vivo, E, Di Benedetto, R, Parise, V, Carpiniello, B, Pinna, F, Pecile, D, Mattei, C, Bonavigo, T, Fabrici, E, Panarello, S, Peresson, G, Vitucci, C, Gardellin, F, Strizzolo, S, Cossetta, E, Fizzotti, C, Moretti, D, Di Gregorio, L, Sozzi, F, Colli, G, La Barbera, D, Laurenzi, S, Bertolini F., Ostuzzi G., Pievani M., Aguglia A., Bartoli F., Bortolaso P., Callegari C., Caroleo M., Carra G., Corbo M., D'Agostino A., De Fazio P., Magliocco F., Martinotti G., Ostinelli E.G., Piccinelli M.P., Tedeschi F., Barbui C., Boschello F., Gastaldon C., Mazzi M.A., Nose M., Papola D., Perini G., Piccoli A., Purgato M., Ruggeri M., Terlizzi S., Turrini G., Raffaele G., Cavallotti S., Chirico M., Ferrato F., Limosani I., Mastromo D., Monzani E., Porcellana M., Restaino F., Annese P.M., Bolognesi S., Cerretini M., De Capua A., Debolini S., Del Zanna M., Fargnoli F., Giannini A., Luccarelli L., Lucii C., Pierantozzi E., Tozzi F., Bardicchia F., Cardamone G., Facchi E., Magnani N., Soscia F., Biancosino B., Zotos S., Giacomin M., Pompei F., Spano M., Zonta F., Buzzi A., Callegred C., Calzolari R., Caselli I., Diurni M., Giana E., Ielmini M., Milano A., Poloni N., Sani E., Zizolfi D., Alberini G., Cazzamalli S., Costantini C., Di Caro A., Paronelli C., Piantanida S., Piccinelli M., Alessandro P., Barbanti S.V., D'Ippolito C., Gozzi M., Moretti V., Campese O., Di Capro L., di Giannantonio M., Fiori F., Lorusso M., Mancini V., Viceconte D., Calandra C., Luca M., Signorelli M.S., Suraniti F., Balzarro B., Boncompagni G., Caretto V., Emiliani R., Lupoli P., Menchetti M., Rossi E., Storbini V., Tarricone I., Terzi L., Boso M., Catania C., De Paoli G., Risaro P., Aspesi F., Bava M., Bono A., Brambilla G., Castagna G., Lucchi S., Nava R., Provenzi M., Tabacchi T., Tremolada M., Verrengia E., Barchiesi M., Oriani M.G., Pacetti M., Ferro M., Ghio L., Beneduce R., Laffranchini L., Magni L.R., Rossi G., Tura G.B., Addeo L., Balletta G., De Vivo E., Di Benedetto R., Parise V.F., Carpiniello B., Pinna F., Pecile D., Mattei C., Bonavigo T., Fabrici E.P., Panarello S., Peresson G., Vitucci C., Gardellin F., Strizzolo S., Cossetta E., Fizzotti C., Moretti D., Di Gregorio L., Sozzi F., Colli G., La Barbera D., and Laurenzi S.
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, respectively), 0302 clinical medicine, Delayed-Action Preparation, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Pharmacology (medical), he STAR Network ‘Depot Study’ prospectively followed 394 subjects initiating treatment with long-acting injections (LAIs) of antipsychotics under naturalistic conditions for 12 months. LAI discontinuation was frequent in everyday clinical practice in Italy, Original Research Article, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, treatment, Mental Disorders, Hazard ratio, whereas more than half of participants initiating risperidone LAI and olanzapine LAI discontinued during the 12 months of follow-up (51.4 and 62.5%, Psychiatric Status Rating Scale, Middle Aged, side efects, Psychiatry and Mental health, Italy, Mental Disorder, Female, he STAR Network ‘Depot Study’ prospectively followed 394 subjects initiating treatment with long-acting injections (LAIs) of antipsychotics under naturalistic conditions for 12 months. LAI discontinuation was frequent in everyday clinical practice in Italy, occurring in almost 40% of the entire sample, side efects, participant refusal to continue LAIs and LAIs no longer being required were the most frequently reported reasons for discontinuation. Paliperidone LAI and aripiprazole LAI were the least discontinued medications (33.9 and 35.4%, respectively), whereas more than half of participants initiating risperidone LAI and olanzapine LAI discontinued during the 12 months of follow-up (51.4 and 62.5%, respectively). In multivariate analysis, being prescribed olanzapine LAI and poor medication adherence at baseline were signifcantly associated with higher discontinuation risk, Human, Antipsychotic Agents, medicine.drug, Psychopathology, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Discontinuation, Follow-Up Studie, Medication Adherence, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Paliperidone, Adverse effect, Settore MED/25 - Psichiatria, discontinuation rates, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, respectively). In multivariate analysis, business.industry, Long-Acting Antipsychotic, long-acting injectable antipsychotics, Survival Analysis, Confidence interval, participant refusal to continue LAIs and LAIs no longer being required were the most frequently reported reasons for discontinuation. Paliperidone LAI and aripiprazole LAI were the least discontinued medications (33.9 and 35.4%, 030227 psychiatry, Prospective Studie, Antipsychotic Agent, occurring in almost 40% of the entire sample, Delayed-Action Preparations, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, being prescribed olanzapine LAI and poor medication adherence at baseline were signifcantly associated with higher discontinuation risk, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background Recent guidelines suggested a wider use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI) than previously, but naturalistic data on the consequences of LAI use in terms of discontinuation rates and associated factors are still sparse, making it hard for clinicians to be informed on plausible treatment courses. Objective Our objective was to assess, under real-world clinical circumstances, LAI discontinuation rates over a period of 12 months after a first prescription, reasons for discontinuation, and associated factors. Methods The STAR Network ‘Depot Study’ was a naturalistic, multicentre, observational prospective study that enrolled subjects initiating a LAI without restrictions on diagnosis, clinical severity or setting. Participants from 32 Italian centres were assessed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months of follow-up. Psychopathology, drug attitude and treatment adherence were measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Drug Attitude Inventory and the Kemp scale, respectively. Results The study followed 394 participants for 12 months. The overall discontinuation rate at 12 months was 39.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 34.4–44.3), with paliperidone LAI being the least discontinued LAI (33.9%; 95% CI 25.3–43.5) and olanzapine LAI the most discontinued (62.5%; 95% CI 35.4–84.8). The most frequent reason for discontinuation was onset of adverse events (32.9%; 95% CI 25.6–40.9) followed by participant refusal of the medication (20.6%; 95% CI 14.6–27.9). Medication adherence at baseline was negatively associated with discontinuation risk (hazard ratio [HR] 0.853; 95% CI 0.742–0.981; p = 0.026), whereas being prescribed olanzapine LAI was associated with increased discontinuation risk compared with being prescribed paliperidone LAI (HR 2.156; 95% CI 1.003–4.634; p = 0.049). Conclusions Clinicians should be aware that LAI discontinuation is a frequent occurrence. LAI choice should be carefully discussed with the patient, taking into account individual characteristics and possible obstacles related to the practicalities of each formulation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40263-021-00809-w.
Published: 2021

2. Clinical correlates of paliperidone palmitate and aripiprazole monohydrate prescription for subjects with schizophreniaspectrum disorders: Findings from the STAR Network Depot Study

Author: Barbui C, Nosè M, Purgato M, Turrini G, Ostuzzi G, Mazzi MA, Papola D, Gastaldon C, Terlizzi S, Bertolini F, Piccoli A, Ruggeri M, De Fazio P, Magliocco F, Caroleo M, Raffaele G, D'Agostino A, Ostinelli EG, Chirico M, Cavallotti S, Lucii C, Bolognesi S, Debolini S, Pierantozzi E, Fargnoli F, Del Zanna M, Giannini A, Luccarelli L, De Capua A, Annese PM, Cerretini M, Tozzi F, Magnani N, Cardamone G, Bardicchia F, Facchi E, Soscia F, Zotos S, Biancosino B, Zonta F, Pompei F, Callegari C, Zizolfi D, Poloni N, Ielmini M, Caselli I, Giana E, Buzzi A, Diurni M, Milano A, Sani E, Calzolari R, Bortolaso P, Piccinelli M, Cazzamalli S, Alberini G, Piantanida S, Costantini C, Paronelli C, Di Caro A, Moretti V, Gozzi M, D'Ippolito C, Barbanti SV, Papalini A, Corbo M, Martinotti G, Campese O, Fiori F, Lorusso M, Di Capro L, Viceconte D, Mancini V, Suraniti F, Signorelli MSI, Rossi E, Lupoli P, Menchetti M, Terzi L, Boso M, Risaro P, De Paoli G, Catania C, Tarricone I, Caretto V, Storbini V, Emiliani R, Balzarro B, Carrà G, Bartoli F, Tabacchi T, Nava R, Bono A, Provenzi M, Brambilla G, Aspesi F, Trotta G, Tremolada M, Castagna G, Bava M, Verrengia E, Lucchi S, Oriani MG, Barchiesi M, Pacetti M, Aguglia A, Magni LR, Rossi G, Beneduce R, Tura GB, Laffranchini L, Mastromo D, Ferrato F, Restaino F, Monzani E, Porcellana M, Limosani I, Ghio L, Ferro M, Parise VF, Balletta G, Addeo L, De Vivo E, Di Benedetto R, Pinna F, Carpiniello B, Spano M, Giacomin M, Pecile D, Mattei C, Fabrici EP, Panarello S, Peresson G, Vitucci C, Bonavigo T, Perini G, Boschello F, Strizzolo S, Gardellin F, Di Giannantonio M, Moretti D, Fizzotti C, Cossetta E, Di Gregorio L, Sozzi F, Boncompagni G, La Barbera D, Colli G, Laurenzi S, Calandra C, Luca M, Crocamo C, STAR Network Depot Investigators, Bartoli F., Ostuzzi G., Crocamo C., Corbo M., D'Agostino A., Martinotti G., Ostinelli E.G., Tabacchi T., Barbui C., Carr G., Nose M., Purgato M., Turrini G., Mazzi M.A., Papola D., Gastaldon C., Terlizzi S., Bertolini F., Piccoli A., Ruggeri M., De Fazio P., Magliocco F., Caroleo M., Raffaele G., Chirico M., Cavallotti S., Lucii C., Bolognesi S., Debolini S., Pierantozzi E., Fargnoli F., Del Zanna M., Giannini A., Luccarelli L., De Capua A., Annese P.M., Cerretini M., Tozzi F., Magnani N., Cardamone G., Bardicchia F., Facchi E., Soscia F., Zotos S., Biancosino B., Zonta F., Pompei F., Callegari C., Zizolfi D., Poloni N., Ielmini M., Caselli I., Giana E., Buzzi A., Diurni M., Milano A., Sani E., Calzolari R., Bortolaso P., Piccinelli M., Cazzamalli S., Alberini G., Piantanida S., Costantini C., Paronelli C., Di Caro A., Moretti V., Gozzi M., D'Ippolito C., Barbanti S.V., Papalini A., Campese O., Fiori F., Lorusso M., Di Capro L., Viceconte D., Mancini V., Suraniti F., Signorelli M.S., Rossi E., Lupoli P., Menchetti M., Terzi L., Boso M., Risaro P., De Paoli G., Catania C., Tarricone I., Caretto V., Storbini V., Emiliani R., Balzarro B., Carra G., Nava R., Bono A., Provenzi M., Brambilla G., Aspesi F., Trotta G., Tremolada M., Castagna G., Bava M., Verrengia E., Lucchi S., Oriani M.G., Barchiesi M., Pacetti M., Aguglia A., Magni L.R., Rossi G., Beneduce R., Tura G.B., Laffranchini L., Mastromo D., Ferrato F., Restaino F., Monzani E., Porcellana M., Limosani I., Ghio L., Ferro M., Parise V.F., Balletta G., Addeo L., De Vivo E., Di Benedetto R., Pinna F., Carpiniello B., Spano M., Giacomin M., Pecile D., Mattei C., Fabrici E.P., Panarello S., Peresson G., Vitucci C., Bonavigo T., Perini G., Boschello F., Strizzolo S., Gardellin F., Di Giannantonio M., Moretti D., Fizzotti C., Cossetta E., Di Gregorio L., Sozzi F., Boncompagni G., La Barbera D., Colli G., Laurenzi S., Calandra C., Luca M., Barbui C, Nosè M, Purgato M, Turrini G, Ostuzzi G, Mazzi MA, Papola D, Gastaldon C, Terlizzi S, Bertolini F, Piccoli A, Ruggeri M, De Fazio P, Magliocco F, Caroleo M, Raffaele G, D'Agostino A, Ostinelli EG, Chirico M, Cavallotti S, Lucii C, Bolognesi S, Debolini S, Pierantozzi E, Fargnoli F, Del Zanna M, Giannini A, Luccarelli L, De Capua A, Annese PM, Cerretini M, Tozzi F, Magnani N, Cardamone G, Bardicchia F, Facchi E, Soscia F, Zotos S, Biancosino B, Zonta F, Pompei F, Callegari C, Zizolfi D, Poloni N, Ielmini M, Caselli I, Giana E, Buzzi A, Diurni M, Milano A, Sani E, Calzolari R, Bortolaso P, Piccinelli M, Cazzamalli S, Alberini G, Piantanida S, Costantini C, Paronelli C, Di Caro A, Moretti V, Gozzi M, D'Ippolito C, Barbanti SV, Papalini A, Corbo M, Martinotti G, Campese O, Fiori F, Lorusso M, Di Capro L, Viceconte D, Mancini V, Suraniti F, Signorelli MSI, Rossi E, Lupoli P, Menchetti M, Terzi L, Boso M, Risaro P, De Paoli G, Catania C, Tarricone I, Caretto V, Storbini V, Emiliani R, Balzarro B, Carrà G, Bartoli F, Tabacchi T, Nava R, Bono A, Provenzi M, Brambilla G, Aspesi F, Trotta G, Tremolada M, Castagna G, Bava M, Verrengia E, Lucchi S, Oriani MG, Barchiesi M, Pacetti M, Aguglia A, Magni LR, Rossi G, Beneduce R, Tura GB, Laffranchini L, Mastromo D, Ferrato F, Restaino F, Monzani E, Porcellana M, Limosani I, Ghio L, Ferro M, Parise VF, Balletta G, Addeo L, De Vivo E, Di Benedetto R, Pinna F, Carpiniello B, Spano M, Giacomin M, Pecile D, Mattei C, Fabrici EP, Panarello S, Peresson G, Vitucci C, Bonavigo T, Perini G, Boschello F, Strizzolo S, Gardellin F, Di Giannantonio M, Moretti D, Fizzotti C, Cossetta E, Di Gregorio L, Sozzi F, Boncompagni G, La Barbera D, Colli G, Laurenzi S, Calandra C, Luca M, Crocamo C, STAR Network Depot Investigators, Bartoli, F, Ostuzzi, G, Crocamo, C, Corbo, M, D'Agostino, A, Martinotti, G, Ostinelli, E, Tabacchi, T, Barbui, C, and Carra, G
Subjects: Aripiprazole monohydrate, Long-acting injectable antipsychotics, Paliperidone palmitate, Schizophrenia, Adult, Antipsychotic Agents, Aripiprazole, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Medication Adherence, Paliperidone Palmitate, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Schizophrenic Psychology, Young Adult, Long-acting injectable antipsychotic, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Aripiprazole monohydrate, Long-acting injectable antipsychotics, Paliperidone palmitate, Schizophrenia, Practice Patterns, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Antipsychotic, Settore MED/25 - Psichiatria, Practice, Physicians', business.industry, Health Knowledge, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Attitudes, Propensity score matching, Observational study, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug, Psychopathology
Abstract: This study, based on the 'Servizi Territoriali Associati per la Ricerca' (STAR) Network Depot Study nationwide baseline data, explored whether individual symptoms severity and clusters might influence the prescription of paliperidone palmitate 1-month (PP1M) vs. aripiprazole monohydrate. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was used to assess psychopathology and relevant symptoms clusters. Drug Attitude Inventory, 10 items, was used to test attitude towards medications. Adherence to treatments was rated according to the Kemp seven-point scale. We assessed for eligibility 451 individuals and, among them, we included 195 subjects (n = 117 who started PPM1 and n = 78 aripiprazole monohydrate). Individuals were comparable in terms of age, gender, treatment years, recent hospitalizations, previous long-acting injectable antipsychotic treatments, additional oral treatments, attitude toward drugs, medication adherence, and alcohol/substance-related comorbidities. Subjects starting PP1M presented higher BPRS overall (P = 0.009), positive (P = 0.015), and negative (P = 0.010) symptom scores compared to subjects starting aripiprazole monohydrate. Results were confirmed by appropriate regression models and propensity score matching analysis. No differences were found comparing the other BPRS subscale scores: affect, resistance, and activation. Clinicians may be more prone to prescribe PPM1, rather than aripiprazole monohydrate, to subjects showing higher overall symptom severity, including positive and negative symptoms. No additional clinical factors influenced prescribing attitudes in our sample.
Published: 2020

3. Factors associated with first- versus second-generation long-acting antipsychotics prescribed under ordinary clinical practice in Italy

Author: Ostuzzi, G., Mazzi, M. A., Terlizzi, S., Bertolini, F., Aguglia, A., Bartoli, F., Bortolaso, P., Callegari, C., Caroleo, M., Carrà, G., Corbo, M., D'Agostino, A., Gastaldon, C., Lucii, C., Magliocco, F., Martinotti, G., Nosé, M., Ostinelli, E. G., Papola, D., Piccinelli, M. P., Piccoli, A., Purgato, M., Tabacchi, T., Turrini, G., Ruggeri, M., Barbui, C., De Fazio, P., Raffaele, G., Chirico, M., Cavallotti, S., Bolognesi, S., Debolini, S., Pierantozzi, E., Fargnoli, F., Del Zanna, M., Giannini, A., Luccarelli, L., De Capua, A., Annese, P. M., Cerretini, M., Tozzi, F. E., Magnani, N., Cardamone, G., Bardicchia, F., Facchi, E., Soscia, F., Zotos, S., Biancosino, B., Zonta, F., Pompei, F., Zizolfi, D., Poloni, N., Ielmini, M., Caselli, I., Giana, E., Buzzi, A., Diurni, M., Milano, A., Sani, E., Calzolari, Roberta, Cazzamalli, S., Alberini, Gabrio, Piantanida, Silvia, Costantini, C., Paronelli, Chiara, Di Caro, A., Moretti, V., Gozzi, M., D'Ippolito, C., Barbanti, S. V., Alessandro, P., Campese, O., Fiori, F., Lorusso, M., Di Capro, L., Viceconte, D., Mancini, V., Suraniti, F., Signorelli, M. S., Rossi, E., Lupoli, P., Menchetti, M., Terzi, L., Boso, M., Risaro, P., De Paoli, G., Catania, C., Tarricone, I., Caretto, V., Storbini, V., Emiliani, R., Balzarro, B., Nava, R., Bono, A., Provenzi, M., Brambilla, G., Aspesi, F., Tremolada, M., Castagna, G., Bava, M., Verrengia, E., Lucchi, S., Oriani, M. G., Barchiesi, M., Pacetti, M., Magni, L. R., Rossi, G., Beneduce, R., Tura, G. B., Laffranchini, L., Mastromo, D., Ferrato, F., Restaino, F., Monzani, E., Porcellana, M., Limosani, I., Ghio, L., Ferro, M., Parise, V. F., Balletta, G., Addeo, L., De Vivo, E., Benedetto, R. D., Pinna, F., Carpiniello, B., Spano, M., Giacomin, M., Pecile, D., Mattei, C., Fabrici, E. P., Panarello, S., Peresson, G., Vitucci, C., Bonavigo, T., Perini, G., Boschello, F., Strizzolo, S., Gardellin, F., Di Giannantonio, M., Moretti, D., Fizzotti, C., Cossetta, E., Gregorio, L. D., Sozzi, F., Boncompagni, G., Barbera, D. L., Colli, G., Laurenzi, S., Calandra, C., Luca, M., Ostuzzi, Giovanni, Mazzi, Maria Angela, Terlizzi, Samira, Bertolini, Federico, Aguglia, Andrea, Bartoli, Francesco, Bortolaso, Paola, Callegari, Camilla, Caroleo, Mariarita, Carrà, Giuseppe, Corbo, Mariangela, D'Agostino, Armando, Gastaldon, Chiara, Lucii, Claudio, Magliocco, Fabio, Martinotti, Giovanni, Nosé, Michela, Ostinelli, Edoardo Giuseppe, Papola, Davide, Piccinelli, Marco Piero, Piccoli, Alberto, Purgato, Marianna, Tabacchi, Tommaso, Turrini, Giulia, Ruggeri, Mirella, Barbui, Corrado, De Fazio, Pasquale, Raffaele, Gaetano, Chirico, Margherita, Cavallotti, Simone, Bolognesi, Simone, Debolini, Sara, Pierantozzi, Elisa, Fargnoli, Francesco, Del Zanna, Maria, Giannini, Alessandra, Luccarelli, Livia, De Capua, Alberto, Annese, Pasqua Maria, Cerretini, Massimiliano, Tozzi, Fior-Ella, Magnani, Nadia, Cardamone, Giuseppe, Bardicchia, Francesco, Facchi, Edvige, Soscia, Federica, Zotos, Spyridon, Biancosino, Bruno, Zonta, Filippo, Pompei, Francesco, Zizolfi, Daniele, Poloni, Nicola, Ielmini, Marta, Caselli, Ivano, Giana, Edoardo, Buzzi, Aldo, Diurni, Marcello, Milano, Anna, Sani, Emanuele, Calzolari, Roberta, Piccinelli, Marco, Cazzamalli, Sara, Alberini, Gabrio, Piantanida, Silvia, Costantini, Chiara, Paronelli, Chiara, Di Caro, Angela, Moretti, Valentina, Gozzi, Mauro, D'Ippolito, Chiara, Barbanti, Silva Veronica, Alessandro, Papalini, Campese, Ornella, Fiori, Federica, Lorusso, Marco, Di Capro, Lucia, Viceconte, Daniela, Mancini, Valerio, Suraniti, Francesco, Signorelli, Maria Salvina, Rossi, Eugenio, Lupoli, Pasqualino, Menchetti, Marco, Terzi, Laura, Boso, Marianna, Risaro, Paolo, De Paoli, Giuseppe, Catania, Cristina, Tarricone, Ilaria, Caretto, Valentina, Storbini, Viviana, Emiliani, Roberta, Balzarro, Beatrice, Nava, Roberto, Bono, Adele, Provenzi, Milena, Brambilla, Giulia, Aspesi, Flora, Tremolada, Martina, Castagna, Gloria, Bava, Mattia, Verrengia, Enrica, Lucchi, Sara, Oriani, Maria Ginevra, Barchiesi, Michela, Pacetti, Monica, Magni, Laura Rosa, Rossi, Giuseppe, Beneduce, Rossella, Tura, Giovanni Battista, Laffranchini, Laura, Mastromo, Daniele, Ferrato, Farida, Restaino, Francesco, Monzani, Emiliano, Porcellana, Matteo, Limosani, Ivan, Ghio, Lucio, Ferro, Maurizio, Parise, Vincenzo Fricchione, Balletta, Giovanni, Addeo, Lelio, De Vivo, Elisa, Benedetto, Rossella Di, Pinna, Federica, Carpiniello, Bernardo, Spano, Mariangela, Giacomin, Marzio, Pecile, Damiano, Mattei, Chiara, Fabrici, Elisabetta Pascolo, Panarello, Sofia, Peresson, Giulia, Vitucci, Claudio, Bonavigo, Tommaso, Perini, Giovanni, Boschello, Filippo, Strizzolo, Stefania, Gardellin, Francesco, Di Giannantonio, Massimo, Moretti, Daniele, Fizzotti, Carlo, Cossetta, Edoardo, Gregorio, Luana Di, Sozzi, Francesca, Boncompagni, Giancarlo, Barbera, Daniele La, Colli, Giuseppe, Laurenzi, Sabrina, Calandra, Carmela, Luca, Maria, Ostuzzi, G, Mazzi, M, Terlizzi, S, Bertolini, F, Aguglia, A, Bartoli, F, Bortolaso, P, Callegari, C, Caroleo, M, Carrà, G, Corbo, M, D'Agostino, A, Gastaldon, C, Lucii, C, Magliocco, F, Martinotti, G, Nosé, M, Ostinelli, E, Papola, D, Piccinelli, M, Piccoli, A, Purgato, M, Tabacchi, T, Turrini, G, Ruggeri, M, Barbui, C, De Fazio, P, Raffaele, G, Chirico, M, Cavallotti, S, Bolognesi, S, Debolini, S, Pierantozzi, E, Fargnoli, F, Del Zanna, M, Giannini, A, Luccarelli, L, De Capua, A, Annese, P, Cerretini, M, Tozzi, F, Magnani, N, Cardamone, G, Bardicchia, F, Facchi, E, Soscia, F, Zotos, S, Biancosino, B, Zonta, F, Pompei, F, Zizolfi, D, Poloni, N, Ielmini, M, Caselli, I, Giana, E, Buzzi, A, Diurni, M, Milano, A, Sani, E, Calzolari, R, Cazzamalli, S, Alberini, G, Piantanida, S, Costantini, C, Paronelli, C, Di Caro, A, Moretti, V, Gozzi, M, D'Ippolito, C, Barbanti, S, Alessandro, P, Campese, O, Fiori, F, Lorusso, M, Di Capro, L, Viceconte, D, Mancini, V, Suraniti, F, Signorelli, M, Rossi, E, Lupoli, P, Menchetti, M, Terzi, L, Boso, M, Risaro, P, De Paoli, G, Catania, C, Tarricone, I, Caretto, V, Storbini, V, Emiliani, R, Balzarro, B, Nava, R, Bono, A, Provenzi, M, Brambilla, G, Aspesi, F, Tremolada, M, Castagna, G, Bava, M, Verrengia, E, Lucchi, S, Oriani, M, Barchiesi, M, Pacetti, M, Magni, L, Rossi, G, Beneduce, R, Tura, G, Laffranchini, L, Mastromo, D, Ferrato, F, Restaino, F, Monzani, E, Porcellana, M, Limosani, I, Ghio, L, Ferro, M, Parise, V, Balletta, G, Addeo, L, De Vivo, E, Benedetto, R, Pinna, F, Carpiniello, B, Spano, M, Giacomin, M, Pecile, D, Mattei, C, Fabrici, E, Panarello, S, Peresson, G, Vitucci, C, Bonavigo, T, Perini, G, Boschello, F, Strizzolo, S, Gardellin, F, Di Giannantonio, M, Moretti, D, Fizzotti, C, Cossetta, E, Gregorio, L, Sozzi, F, Boncompagni, G, Barbera, D, Colli, G, Laurenzi, S, Calandra, C, and Luca, M
Subjects: Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Male, Pediatrics, European People, Bipolar Disorder, Cross-sectional study, Economics, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, assessment, viruses, lcsh:Medicine, Social Sciences, Longitudinal Studie, Biochemistry, Prescription, Geographical locations, 0302 clinical medicine, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all), immune system diseases, Medicine and Health Sciences, long-acting intramuscular (LAI) antipsychotics, clinical practice, second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) LAIs, Antipsychotics, Ethnicities, Longitudinal Studies, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, virus diseases, Drugs, Middle Aged, Italian People, Europe, Prescriptions, Italy, Physical Sciences, Aripiprazole, Female, Bivariate Analysis, Statistics (Mathematics), medicine.drug, Human, Research Article, Antipsychotic Agents, Employment, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Mental Health and Psychiatry, medicine, Humans, Paliperidone, Bipolar disorder, European Union, Statistical Methods, Antipsychotic, Cross-Sectional Studie, Pharmacology, Risperidone, business.industry, Mood Disorders, lcsh:R, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Antipsychotic Agent, Cross-Sectional Studies, Labor Economics, Multivariate Analysis, Schizophrenia, Observational study, lcsh:Q, Population Groupings, People and places, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Mathematics
Abstract: Background For many years, long-acting intramuscular (LAI) antipsychotics have been prescribed predominantly to chronic and severe patients, as a last resort when other treatments failed. Recently, a broader and earlier use of LAIs, particularly second-generation LAIs, has been emphasized. To date, few studies attempted to frame how this change in prescribing took place in real-world practice. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the clinical features of patients prescribed with LAIs, and to explore possible prescribing differences between first- and second-generations LAIs under ordinary clinical practice in Italy. Methods The STAR Network "Depot" Study is an observational, longitudinal, multicenter study involving 35 centers in Italy. In the cross-sectional phase, patients prescribed with LAIs were consecutively recruited and assessed over a period of 12 months. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed. Results Of the 451 recruited patients, 61% were males. The level of social and working functioning was heterogeneous, as was the severity of disease. Seventy-two per cent of the patients had a diagnosis of the schizophrenia spectrum. Seventy per cent were prescribed with second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) LAIs (mostly paliperidone, aripiprazole and risperidone). Compared to first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) LAIs, patients prescribed with SGA LAIs were more often younger; employed; with a diagnosis of the schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar disorder; with higher levels of affective symptoms; with fewer LAI prescriptions in the past. Discussion LAIs' prescribing practices appear to be more flexible as compared to the past, although this change is mostly restricted to SGA LAIs.
Published: 2018

4. Prevalence and correlates of QTc prolongation in Italian psychiatric care: cross-sectional multicentre study

Author: Nosè, M., Bighelli, I., Castellazzi, M., Martinotti, G., Carrà, G., Lucii, C., Ostuzzi, G., Sozzi, F., Barbui, C., Acciavatti, T., Adamo, A., Aguglia, A., Albanese, C., Baccaglini, S., Bardicchia, F., Barone, R., Barone, Y., Bartoli, F., Bergamini, C., Bertolini, F., Bolognesi, S., Bordone, A., Bortolaso, P., Bugliani, M., Calandra, C., Calò, S., Cardamone, G., Caroleo, M., Carra, E., Carretta, D., Chiocchi, L., Clerici, M., Corbo, M., Corsi, E., Costanzo, R., Costoloni, G., D'Arienzo, F., Debolini, S., De Capua, A., Di Napoli, W. A., Dinelli, M., Facchi, E., Fargnoli, F., Fiori, F., Franchi, A., Gardellin, F., Gazzoletti, E., Ghio, L., Giacomin, M., Gregis, M., Iovieno, N., Koukouna, D., Lax, A., Lintas, C., Luca, A., Luca, M., Lussetti, M., Madrucci, M., Magnani, N., Magni, L., Manca, E., Martorelli, C., Mattafirri, R., Percudani, M., Perini, G., Petrosemolo, P., Pezzullo, M., Piantanida, S., Pinna, F., Prato, K., Prestia, D., Quattrone, D., Reggianini, C., Restaino, F., Ribolsi, M., Rinosi, G., Rizzo, C., Rizzo, R., Roggi, M., Rossi, G., Rossi, S., Ruberto, S., Santoro, R., Santi, M., Signorelli, M. S., Soscia, F., Staffa, P., Stilo, M., Strizzolo, S., Suraniti, F., Tavian, N., Tortelli, L., Tosoni, F., Valdagno, M., Zanobini, V., Nosè, M, Bighelli, I, Castellazzi, M, Martinotti, G, Carra', G, Lucii, C, Ostuzzi, G, Sozzi, F, Barbui, C, Acciavatti, T, Adamo, A, Aguglia, A, Albanese, C, Baccaglini, S, Bardicchia, F, Barone, R, Barone, Y, Bartoli, F, Bergamini, C, Bertolini, F, Bolognesi, S, Bordone, A, Bortolaso, P, Bugliani, M, Calandra, C, Calò, S, Cardamone, G, Caroleo, M, Carra, E, Carretta, D, Chiocchi, L, Clerici, M, Corbo, M, Corsi, E, Costanzo, R, Costoloni, G, D'Arienzo, F, Debolini, S, De Capua, A, Di Napoli, W, Dinelli, M, Facchi, E, Fargnoli, F, Fiori, F, Franchi, A, Gardellin, F, Gazzoletti, E, Ghio, L, Giacomin, M, Gregis, M, Iovieno, N, Koukouna, D, Lax, A, Lintas, C, Luca, A, Luca, M, Lussetti, M, Madrucci, M, Magnani, N, Magni, L, Manca, E, Martorelli, C, Mattafirri, R, Percudani, M, Perini, G, Petrosemolo, P, Pezzullo, M, Piantanida, S, Pinna, F, Prato, K, Prestia, D, Quattrone, D, Reggianini, C, Restaino, F, Ribolsi, M, Rinosi, G, Rizzo, C, Rizzo, R, Roggi, M, Rossi, G, Rossi, S, Ruberto, S, Santoro, R, Santi, M, Signorelli, M, Soscia, F, Staffa, P, Stilo, M, Strizzolo, S, Suraniti, F, Tavian, N, Tortelli, L, Tosoni, F, Valdagno, M, and Zanobini, V
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychotropic drugs, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Long QT syndrome, Antidepressant, Drug overdose, Adverse effect, QT interval, Antipsychotic, 03 medical and health sciences, Electrocardiography, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Psychotropic drug, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Psychiatry, Settore MED/25 - Psichiatria, Polypharmacy, business.industry, Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health, Psychiatry and Mental Health, Original Articles, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Substance abuse, Long QT Syndrome, Cross-Sectional Studies, Italy, Aripiprazole, Female, business, adverse effect, antipsychotic, psychotropic drugs, Antipsychotic Agents, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: Aims.In recent years several warnings have been issued by regulatory authorities on the risk of electrocardiogram abnormalities in individuals exposed to psychotropic drugs. As a consequence of these warnings, monitoring of the QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) has become increasingly common. This study was conducted to measure the frequency of QTc prolongation in unselected psychiatric patients, and to document the associated factors using a cross-sectional approach.Method.The study was carried out in 35 Italian psychiatric services that are part of the STAR (Servizi Territoriali Associati per la Ricerca) Network, a research group established to produce scientific knowledge by collecting data under ordinary circumstances. During a three-month period, a consecutive unselected series of both in- and out-patients were enrolled if they performed an ECG during the recruitment period and were receiving psychotropic drugs on the day ECG was recorded.Results.During the recruitment period a total of 2411 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of QTc prolongation ranged from 14.7% (men) and 18.6% (women) for the cut-off of 450 ms, to 1.26% (men) and 1.01% (women) for the cut-off of 500 ms. In the multivariate model conducted in the whole sample of patients exposed to psychotropic drugs, female sex, age, heart rate, alcohol and/or substance abuse, cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular drug treatment, and drug overdose were significantly associated with QTc prolongation. In patients exposed to antipsychotic drugs, polypharmacy was positively associated with QTc prolongation, whereas use of aripiprazole decreased the risk. In patients exposed to antidepressant drugs, use of citalopram, citalopram dose and use of haloperidol in addition to antidepressant drugs, were all positively associated with QTc prolongation.Conclusions.The confirmation of a link between antipsychotic polypharmacy and QTc prolongation supports the current guidelines that recommend avoiding the concurrent use of two or more antipsychotic drugs, and the confirmation of a link between citalopram and QTc prolongation supports the need for routine QTc monitoring. The relatively low proportion of patients with QTc prolongation not only suggests compliance with current safety warnings issued by regulatory authorities, but also casts some doubts on the clinical relevance of QTc prolongation related to some psychotropic drugs.
Published: 2016

5. First-generation antipsychotics and QTc: any role for mediating variables?

Author: Carrà, G., Crocamo, Cristina, Bartoli, F., Lax, A., Tremolada, Martina, Lucii, C., Martinotti, G., Nosè, M., Bighelli, I., Ostuzzi, G., Castellazzi, M., Clerici, M., Barbui, C., Acciavatti, T., Adamo, A., Aguglia, A., Albanese, C., Baccaglini, S., Bardicchia, F., Barone, R., Barone, Y., Bergamini, C., Bertolini, F., Bolognesi, S., Bordone, A., Bortolaso, P., Bugliani, M., Calandra, C., Calò, S., Cardamone, G., Caroleo, M., Carra, E., Carretta, D., Chiocchi, L., Cinosi, E., Corbo, M., Corsi, E., Costanzo, R., Costoloni, G., D’Arienzo, F., Debolini, S., De Capua, A., Di Napoli, W. A., Dinelli, M., Facchi, E., Fargnoli, F., Fiori, F., Franchi, A., Gardellin, F., Gastaldon, C., Gazzoletti, E., Ghio, L., Giacomin, M., Gregis, M., Iovieno, N., Koukouna, D., Lintas, C., Luca, A., Luca, M., Lussetti, M., Madrucci, M., Magnani, N., Magni, L., Manca, E., Martorelli, C., Mattafirri, R., Paladini, C., Papola, D., Percudani, M., Perini, G., Petrosemolo, P., Pezzullo, M., Piantanida, S., Pinna, F., Prato, K., Prestia, D., Quattrone, D., Reggianini, C., Restaino, F., Ribolsi, M., Rinosi, G., Rizzo, C., Rizzo, R., Roggi, M., Rossi, G., Rossi, S., Ruberto, S., Santi, M., Santoro, R., Sepede, G., Signorelli, M. S., Soscia, F., Sozzi, F., Staffa, P., Stilo, M., Strizzolo, S., Suraniti, F., Tavian, N., Tortelli, L., Tosoni, F., Valdagno, M., Zanobini, V., Carra', G, Crocamo, C, Bartoli, F, Lax, A, Tremolada, M, Lucii, C, Martinotti, G, Nosè, M, Bighelli, I, Ostuzzi, G, Castellazzi, M, Clerici, M, and Barbui, C
Subjects: Adult, Male, QT prolongation, alcohol, antipsychotic agents, drug therapy combination, risk factors, Antipsychotic Agents, Cross-Sectional Studies, Electrocardiography, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Italy, Long QT Syndrome, Mental Disorders, Middle Aged, Pharmacology (medical), Settore MED/25 - Psichiatria, Neurology, Neurology (clinical), Psychiatry and Mental Health, antipsychotic agent, risk factor
Abstract: Objective: Corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation is often associated with use of first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs). However, other factors require appropriate consideration, including age and gender, the role of other known medications associated with QTc prolongation, and severe comorbid conditions, such as co-occurring alcohol abuse/dependence. We aimed to study potential mediating roles of different, related, candidate variables on QTc. Methods: We capitalized on data from a large (N = 2366), cross-sectional, national survey, the STAR Network QTc study, using a representative sample of people taking FGAs, and recruited from mental health services across Italy. Results: About one-third of the sample was treated with FGAs, and almost one-tenth of the subjects took a different, additional, drug known to cause QTc prolongation. Our findings confirmed that there is an impact from FGAs, age, gender, alcohol misuse, and concurrent risky drugs on QTc. However, comorbid alcohol abuse/dependence and concurrent risky drugs did not mediate the effect of FGAs on QTc. Conclusions: Our findings showed that FGAs, concurrent risky drugs, and alcohol use disorders prolonged QTc. FGAs had a direct effect on QTc, confirming the need for clinicians to monitor a risk that could lead to sudden unexplained death. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: 2016

6. Advantages of second-generation long-acting injectable anti-psychotics: Focus on hospital admission rates in southeast Tuscany

Author: Iazzetta, P., primary, Forte, A., additional, Cesari, G., additional, Lucii, C., additional, Magnani, N., additional, and Cardamone, G., additional
Published: 2017
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7. Off-label long acting injectable antipsychotics in real-world clinical practice: a cross-sectional analysis of prescriptive patterns from the STAR Network DEPOT study

Author: D'Agostino, Armando, Aguglia, Andrea, Barbui, Corrado, Bartoli, Francesco, Carrà, Giuseppe, Cavallotti, Simone, Chirico, Margherita, Ostinelli, Edoardo G, Zangani, Caroline, Martinotti, Giovanni, Ostuzzi, Giovanni, Bertolini, Federico, Calandra, Carmela, Callegari, Camilla, D’Agostino, Armando, Lucii, Claudio, Mastromo, Daniele, Moretti, Daniele, Monzani, Emiliano, Porcellana, Matteo, Prestia, Davide, Nose, Michela, Purgato, Marianna, Turrini, Giulia, Mazzi, Maria, Angela, Papola, Davide, Gastaldon, Chiara, Terlizzi, Samira, Piccoli, Alberto, Ruggeri, Mirella, De Fazio, Pasquale, Magliocco, Fabio, Caroleo, Mariarita, Raffaele, Gaetano, Ostinelli, Edoardo, Giuseppe, Bolognesi, Simone, Debolini, Sara, Pierantozzi, Elisa, Fargnoli, Francesco, Del Zanna, Maria, Giannini, Alessandra, Luccarelli, Livia, De Capua, Alberto, Annese, Pasqua, Maria, Cerretini, Massimiliano, Tozzi, Fiorella, Magnani, Nadia, Cardamone, Giuseppe, Bardicchia, Francesco, Facchi, Edvige, Soscia, Federica, Zotos, Spyridon, Biancosino, Bruno, Zonta, Filippo, Pompei, Francesco, Zizolfi, Daniele, Ielmini, Marta, Caselli, Ivano, Giana, Edoardo, Buzzi, Aldo, Emanuele, Diurni, Marcello, Milano, Anna, Sani, Emanuele, Calzolari, Roberta, Bortolaso, Paola, Piccinelli, Marco, Cazzamalli, Sara, Caterina, Alberini, Gabro, Piantanida, Silvia, Costantini, Chiara, Paronelli, Chiara, Di Caro, Angela, Moretti, Valentina, Gozzi, Mauro, D'Ippolito, Chiara, Barbanti Silva, Veronica, Papalini, Alessandro, Corbo, Mariangela, Campese, Ornella, Fiori, Federica, Lorusso, Marco, Di Capro, Lucia, Viceconte, Daniela, Mancini, Valerio, Suraniti, Francesco, Signorelli, Maria, Salvina, Rossi, Eugenio, Lupoli, Pasqualino, Menchetti, Marco, Terzi, Laura, Boso, Marianna, Risaro, Paolo, De Paoli, Giuseppe, Catania, Cristina, Tarricone, Ilaria, Caretto, Valentina, Storbini, Viviana, Emiliani, Roberta, Balzarro, Beatrice, Carra, Giuseppe, Tabacchi, Tommaso, Nava, Roberto, Bono, Adele, Provenzi, Milena, Brambilla, Giulia, Aspesi, Flora, Tremolada, Martina, Castagna, Gloria, Bava, Mattia, Verrengia, Enrica, Lucchi, Sara, Oriani, Maria, Ginevra, Barchiesi, Michela, Pacetti, Monica, Magni, Laura, Rosa, Rossi, Giuseppe, Beneduce, Rossella, Tura, Giovanni, Battista, Laffranchini, Laura, Ferrato, Farida, Restaino, Francesco, Limosani, Ivan, Ghio, Lucio, Ferro, Maurizio, Parise, Vincenzo, Fricchione, Balletta, Giovanni, Addeo, Lelio, De Vivo, Elisa, Di Benedetto, Rossella, Pinna, Federica, Carpiniello, Bernardo, Spano, Mariangela, Giacomin, Marzio, Pecile, Damiano, Mattei, Chiara, Fabrici, Elisabetta, Pascolo, Panarello, Sofia, Peresson, Giulia, Vitucci, Claudio, Bonavigo, Tommaso, Perini, Giovanni, Boschello, Filippo, Strizzolo, Stefania, Gardellin, Francesco, Di Giannantonio, Massimo, Fizzotti, Carlo, Cossetta, Edoardo, Di Gregorio, Luana, Sozzi, Francesca, Boncompagni, Giancarlo, La Barbera, Daniele, Colli, Giuseppe, Laurenzi, Sabrina, Luca, Maria, D'Agostino A., Aguglia A., Barbui C., Bartoli F., Carra G., Cavallotti S., Chirico M., Ostinelli E.G., Zangani C., Martinotti G., Ostuzzi G., Nose M., Purgato M., Turrini G., Mazzi M.A., Papola D., Gastaldon C., Terlizzi S., Bertolini F., Piccoli A., Ruggeri M., De Fazio P., Magliocco F., Caroleo M., Raffaele G., Bergamelli E., Lucii C., Bolognesi S., Debolini S., Pierantozzi E., Fargnoli F., Del Zanna M., Giannini A., Luccarelli L., De Capua A., Annese P.M., Cerretini M., Tozzi F., Magnani N., Cardamone G., Bardicchia F., Facchi E., Soscia F., Zotos S., Biancosino B., Zonta F., Pompei F., Callegari C., Zizolfi D., Poloni N., Ielmini M., Caselli I., Giana E., Buzzi A., Diurni M., Milano A., Sani E., Calzolari R., Bortolaso P., Piccinelli M., Cazzamalli S., Alberini G., Piantanida S., Costantini C., Paronelli C., Di Caro A., Moretti V., Gozzi M., D'Ippolito C., Barbanti S.V., Alessandro P., Corbo M., Campese O., Fiori F., Lorusso M., Di Capro L., Viceconte D., Mancini V., Suraniti F., Signorelli M.S., Rossi E., Lupoli P., Menchetti M., Terzi L., Boso M., Risaro P., De Paoli G., Catania C., Tarricone I., Caretto V., Storbini V., Emiliani R., Balzarro B., Tabacchi T., Nava R., Bono A., Provenzi M., Brambilla G., Aspesi F., Trotta G., Tremolada M., Castagna G., Bava M., Verrengia E., Lucchi S., Oriani M.G., Barchiesi M., Pacetti M., Amerio A., Amore M., Serafini G., Magni L.R., Rossi G., Beneduce R., Tura G.B., Laffranchini L., Mastromo D., Ferrato F., Restaino F., Monzani E., Porcellana M., Limosani I., Ghio L., Ferro M., Parise V.F., Balletta G., Addeo L., De Vivo E., Di Benedetto R., Pinna F., Carpiniello B., Spano M., Giacomin M., Pecile D., Mattei C., Fabrici E.P., Panarello S., Peresson G., Vitucci C., Bonavigo T., Perini G., Boschello F., Strizzolo S., Gardellin F., di Giannantonio M., Moretti D., Fizzotti C., Cossetta E., Di Gregorio L., Sozzi F., Boncompagni G., La Barbera D., Colli G., Laurenzi S., Calandra C., Luca M., D'Agostino, A, Aguglia, A, Barbui, C, Bartoli, F, Carra, G, Cavallotti, S, Chirico, M, Ostinelli, E, Zangani, C, Martinotti, G, Ostuzzi, G, D'Agostino, Armando, Aguglia, Andrea, Barbui, Corrado, Bartoli, Francesco, Carrà, Giuseppe, Cavallotti, Simone, Chirico, Margherita, Ostinelli, Edoardo G, Zangani, Caroline, Martinotti, Giovanni, Ostuzzi, Giovanni, and LA BARBERA, DANIELE
Subjects: Long-acting injectable antipsychotic, Cross-Sectional Studies, Off-label, Personality disorder, Bipolar disorder, Delayed-Action Preparations, Schizophrenia, Humans, Long-acting injectable antipsychotics, Off-Label Use, Antipsychotic Agents, Settore MED/25 - Psichiatria
Abstract: Introduction: Information on the off–label use of Long–Acting Injectable (LAI) antipsychotics in the real world is lacking. In this study, we aimed to identify the sociodemographic and clinical features of patients treated with on– vs off–label LAIs and predictors of off–label First– or Second–Generation Antipsychotic (FGA vs. SGA) LAI choice in everyday clinical practice. Method: In a naturalistic national cohort of 449 patients who initiated LAI treatment in the STAR Network Depot Study, two groups were identified based on off– or on–label prescriptions. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test several clinically relevant variables and identify those associated with the choice of FGA vs SGA prescription in the off–label group. Results: SGA LAIs were more commonly prescribed in everyday practice, without significant differences in their on– and off–label use. Approximately 1 in 4 patients received an off–label prescription. In the off–label group, the most frequent diagnoses were bipolar disorder (67.5%) or any personality disorder (23.7%). FGA vs SGA LAI choice was significantly associated with BPRS thought disorder (OR = 1.22, CI95% 1.04 to 1.43, p= 0.015) and hostility/suspiciousness (OR = 0.83, CI95% 0.71 to 0.97, p= 0.017) dimensions. The likelihood of receiving an SGA LAI grew steadily with the increase of the BPRS thought disturbance score. Conversely, a preference towards prescribing an FGA was observed with higher scores at the BPRS hostility/suspiciousness subscale. Conclusion: Our study is the first to identify predictors of FGA vs SGA choice in patients treated with off–label LAI antipsychotics. Demographic characteristics, i.e. age, sex, and substance/alcohol use co–morbidities did not appear to influence the choice towards FGAs or SGAs. Despite a lack of evidence, clinicians tend to favour FGA over SGA LAIs in bipolar or personality disorder patients with relevant hostility. Further research is needed to evaluate treatment adherence and clinical effectiveness of these prescriptive patterns.
Published: 2022

8. Comparing 1-year effectiveness and acceptability of once-monthly paliperidone palmitate and aripiprazole monohydrate for schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Findings from the STAR Network Depot Study

Author: Francesco Bartoli, A, Daniele Cavaleri, A, Tommaso Callovini, A, Ilaria Riboldi, A, Cristina Crocamo, A, Armando D’Agostino, B, Giovanni Martinotti, C, Federico Bertolini, D, Giovanni Ostuzzi, D, Corrado Barbui, D, Giuseppe Carr`a, A, STAR Network Depot Investigators, Corrado, Barbui, Federico, Bertolini, Filippo, Boschello, Chiara, Gastaldon, Maria Angela Mazzi, Michela, Nos´e, Giovanni, Ostuzzi, Davide, Papola, Giovanni, Perini, Alberto, Piccoli, Michela, Pievani, Marianna, Purgato, Mirella, Ruggeri, Federico, Tedeschi, Samira, Terlizzi, and Giulia Turrini (Verona), Mariarita, Caroleo, Pasquale De Fazio, Fabio, Magliocco, and Gaetano Raffaele (Catanzaro), Simone, Cavallotti, Margherita, Chirico, Armando, D’Agostino, Farida, Ferrato, Ivan, Limosani, Daniele, Mastromo, Emiliano, Monzani, Edoardo Giuseppe Ostinelli, Matteo, Porcellana, and Francesco Restaino (Milano), Pasqua Maria Annese, Simone, Bolognesi, Massimiliano, Cerretini, Alberto De Capua, Sara, Debolini, Maria Del Zanna, Francesco, Fargnoli, Alessandra, Giannini, Livia, Luccarelli, Claudio, Lucii, Elisa, Pierantozzi, and Fiorella Tozzi (Siena), Francesco, Bardicchia, Giuseppe, Cardamone, Edvige, Facchi, Nadia, Magnani, and Federica Soscia (Grosseto), Bruno Biancosino, and Spyridon Zotos (Ferrara), Marzio, Giacomin, Francesco, Pompei, Mariangela, Spano, and Filippo Zonta (Treviso), Buzzi, ALDO EMANUELE, Callegari, Camilla, Roberta, Calzolari, Caselli, Ivano, Marcello, Diurni, Edoardo Luigi Giana, Ielmini, Marta, Anna, Milano, Emanuele, Sani, and Daniele Zizolfi (Varese), Gabrio, Alberini, Paola, Bortolaso, Sara, Cazzamalli, Chiara, Costantini, Angela Di Caro, Chiara, Paronelli, Silvia, Piantanida, and Marco Piccinelli (Varese Verbano), Papalini, Alessandro, Silva Veronica Barbanti, Chiara, D’Ippolito, Mauro, Gozzi, and Valentina Moretti (Reggio Emilia), Ornella, Campese, Mariangela, Corbo, Lucia Di Capro, Massimo di Giannantonio, Federica, Fiori, Marco, Lorusso, Valerio, Mancini, Giovanni, Martinotti, and Daniela Viceconte (Chieti), Carmela, Calandra, Maria, Luca, Maria Salvina Signorelli, and Francesco Suraniti (Catania), Beatrice, Balzarro, Giancarlo, Boncompagni, Valentina, Caretto, Roberta, Emiliani, Pasqualino, Lupoli, Marco, Menchetti, Eugenio, Rossi, Viviana, Storbini, Ilaria, Tarricone, and Laura Terzi (Bologna), Marianna, Boso, Cristina, Catania, Giuseppe De Paoli, and Paolo Risaro (Pavia), Flora, Aspesi, Francesco, Bartoli, Mattia, Bava, Adele, Bono, Giulia, Brambilla, Giuseppe, Carr`a, Gloria, Castagna, Sara, Lucchi, Roberto, Nava, Milena, Provenzi, Tommaso, Tabacchi, Martina, Tremolada, and Enrica Verrengia (Monza), Michela Barchiesi and Maria Ginevra Oriani (Ancona), Monica Pacetti (Forlì), Andrea, Aguglia, Maurizio, Ferro, and Lucio Ghio (Genova), Rossella, Beneduce, Laura, Laffranchini, Laura Rosa Magni, Giuseppe, Rossi, and Giovanni Battista Tura (Brescia), Lelio, Addeo, Giovanni, Balletta, Elisa De Vivo, Rossella Di Benedetto, and Vincenzo Fricchione Parise (Avellino), Bernardo Carpiniello and Federica Pinna (Cagliari), Damiano Pecile (Mantova), Chiara Mattei (Fermo), Tommaso, Bonavigo, Elisabetta Pascolo Fabrici, Sofia, Panarello, Giulia, Peresson, and Claudio Vitucci (Trieste), Francesco Gardellin, and Stefania Strizzolo (Vicenza), Edoardo, Cossetta, Carlo, Fizzotti, and Daniele Moretti (Savona), Luana Di Gregorio and Francesca Sozzi (Trento), Giuseppe Colli and Daniele La Barbera (Palermo), and Sabrina Laurenzi (Civitanova, Marche)., Bartoli, F, Cavaleri, D, Callovini, T, Riboldi, I, Crocamo, C, D'Agostino, A, Martinotti, G, Bertolini, F, Ostuzzi, G, Barbui, C, Carra, G, and Bartoli, F., Cavaleri, D., Callovini, T., Riboldi, I., Crocamo, C., D'Agostino, A., Martinotti, G., Bertolini, F., Ostuzzi, G., Barbui, C., Carrà, G., Boschello, F., Gastaldon, C., Mazzi, M.A., Nosé, M., Papola, D., Perini, G., Piccoli, A., Pievani, M., Purgato, M., Ruggeri, M., Tedeschi, F., Terlizzi, S., Turrini, G., Caroleo, M., De Fazio, P., Magliocco, F., Raffaele, G., Chirico, M., Ferrato, F., Limosani, I., Mastromo, D., Monzani, E., Ostinelli, E.G., Porcellana, M., Restaino, F., Annese, P.M., Bolognesi, S., Cerretini, M., De Capua, A., Debolini, S., Del Zanna, M., Fargnoli, F., Giannini, A., Luccarelli, L., Lucii, C., Pierantozzi, E., Tozzi, F., Bardicchia, F., Cardamone, G., Facchi, E., Magnani, N., Soscia, F., Biancosino, B., Zotos, S., Giacomin, M., Pompei, F., Spano, M., Zonta, F., Buzzi, A., Callegari, C., Calzolari, R., Caselli, I., Diurni, M., Giana, E.L., Ielmini, M., Milano, A., Poloni, N., Sani, E., Zizolfi, D., Alberini, G., Bortolaso, P., Cazzamalli, S., Costantini, C., Di Caro, A., Paronelli, C., Piantanida, S., Piccinelli, M., Alessandro, P., Barbanti, S.V., D'Ippolito, C., Gozzi, M., Moretti, V., Corbo, M., Di Capro, L., di Giannantonio, M., Fiori, F., Lorusso, M., Mancini, V., Viceconte, D., Calandra, C., Luca, M., Signorelli, M.S., Suraniti, F., Balzarro, B., Boncompagni, G., Caretto, V., Emiliani, R., Lupoli, P., Menchetti, M., Rossi, E., Storbini, V., Tarricone, I., Terzi, L., Boso, M., Catania, C., De Paoli, G., Risaro, P., Aspesi, F., Bava, M., Bono, A., Brambilla, G., Castagna, G., Lucchi, S., Nava, R., Provenzi, M., Tabacchi, T., Tremolada, M., Verrengia, E., Barchiesi, M., Oriani, M.G., Aguglia, A., Ferro, M., Ghio, L., Beneduce, R., Laffranchini, L., Magni, L.R., Rossi, G., Tura, G.B., Addeo, L., Balletta, G., De Vivo, E., Di Benedetto, R., Parise, V.F., Carpiniello, B., Pinna, F., Pecile, D., Mattei, C., Bonavigo, T., Fabrici, E.P., Panarello, S., Peresson, G., Vitucci, C., Pacetti, M., Gardellin, F., Strizzolo, S., Cossetta, E., Fizzotti, C., Moretti, D., Di Gregorio, L., Sozzi, F., Colli, G., La Barbera, D., Laurenzi, S.
Subjects: Long-acting injectable antipsychotic, Paliperidone palmitate 1-month, Aripiprazole, Aripiprazole monohydrate, Long-acting injectable antipsychotics, Psychiatry and Mental health, Paliperidone Palmitate, Schizophrenia, Humans, Prospective Studies, Settore MED/25 - Psichiatria, Biological Psychiatry, Antipsychotic Agents
Abstract: In this prospective study, we assessed the effectiveness and acceptability of paliperidone palmitate 1-month (PP1M) and aripiprazole monohydrate (AM) over 1-year follow-up. We included 195 subjects (117 treated with PP1M and 78 with AM) with schizophrenia spectrum disorders from real-world settings. We estimated no differences in hospitalization (Odds Ratio=1.59; p = 0.12), symptoms improvement (p = 0.90 adjusted for baseline severity), and discontinuation (Hazard Ratio=0.72; p = 0.20) at study endpoint. Although current evidence suggests the possible superiority of AM over PP1M, our findings showed comparable effectiveness between these drugs. Additional studies in real-world settings with direct comparisons between these two LAIs are needed.
Published: 2022

9. Reasons for initiating long-acting antipsychotics in psychiatric practice: findings from the STAR Network Depot Study

Author: Barbui, Corrado, Bertolini, Federico, Bartoli, Francesco, Calandra, Carmela, Callegari, Camilla, Carrà, Giuseppe, D’Agostino, Armando, Lucii, Claudio, Martinotti, Giovanni, Mastromo, Daniele, Moretti, Daniele, Monzani, Emiliano, Porcellana, Matteo, Prestia, Davide, Ostuzzi, Giovanni, Nose, Michela, Purgato, Marianna, Turrini, Giulia, Mazzi, Maria, Angela, Papola, Davide, Gastaldon, Chiara, Terlizzi, Samira, Piccoli, Alberto, Ruggeri, Mirella, De Fazio, Pasquale, Magliocco, Fabio, Caroleo, Mariarita, Raffaele, Gaetano, D'Agostino, Armando, Ostinelli, Edoardo, Giuseppe, Chirico, Margherita, Cavallotti, Simone, Bolognesi, Simone, Debolini, Sara, Pierantozzi, Elisa, Fargnoli, Francesco, Del Zanna, Maria, Giannini, Alessandra, Luccarelli, Livia, De Capua, Alberto, Annese, Pasqua, Maria, Cerretini, Massimiliano, Tozzi, Fiorella, Magnani, Nadia, Cardamone, Giuseppe, Bardicchia, Francesco, Facchi, Edvige, Soscia, Federica, Zotos, Spyridon, Biancosino, Bruno, Zonta, Filippo, Pompei, Francesco, Zizolfi, Daniele, Poloni, Nicola, Ielmini, Marta, Caselli, Ivano, Giana, Edoardo, Buzzi, Aldo, Emanuele, Diurni, Marcello, Milano, Anna, Sani, Emanuele, Calzolari, Roberta, Bortolaso, Paola, Piccinelli, Marco, Cazzamalli, Sara, Caterina, Alberini, Gabro, Piantanida, Silvia, Costantini, Chiara, Paronelli, Chiara, Di Caro, Angela, Moretti, Valentina, Gozzi, Mauro, D'Ippolito, Chiara, Barbanti Silva, Veronica, Papalini, Alessandro, Corbo, Mariangela, Campese, Ornella, Fiori, Federica, Lorusso, Marco, Di Capro, Lucia, Viceconte, Daniela, Mancini, Valerio, Suraniti, Francesco, Signorelli, Maria, Salvina, Rossi, Eugenio, Lupoli, Pasqualino, Menchetti, Marco, Terzi, Laura, Boso, Marianna, Risaro, Paolo, De Paoli, Giuseppe, Catania, Cristina, Tarricone, Ilaria, Caretto, Valentina, Storbini, Viviana, Emiliani, Roberta, Balzarro, Beatrice, Carra, Giuseppe, Tabacchi, Tommaso, Nava, Roberto, Bono, Adele, Provenzi, Milena, Brambilla, Giulia, Aspesi, Flora, Tremolada, Martina, Castagna, Gloria, Bava, Mattia, Verrengia, Enrica, Lucchi, Sara, Oriani, Maria, Ginevra, Barchiesi, Michela, Pacetti, Monica, Aguglia, Andrea, Magni, Laura, Rosa, Rossi, Giuseppe, Beneduce, Rossella, Tura, Giovanni, Battista, Laffranchini, Laura, Ferrato, Farida, Restaino, Francesco, Limosani, Ivan, Ghio, Lucio, Ferro, Maurizio, Parise, Vincenzo, Fricchione, Balletta, Giovanni, Addeo, Lelio, De Vivo, Elisa, Di Benedetto, Rossella, Pinna, Federica, Carpiniello, Bernardo, Spano, Mariangela, Giacomin, Marzio, Pecile, Damiano, Mattei, Chiara, Fabrici, Elisabetta, Pascolo, Panarello, Sofia, Peresson, Giulia, Vitucci, Claudio, Bonavigo, Tommaso, Perini, Giovanni, Boschello, Filippo, Strizzolo, Stefania, Gardellin, Francesco, Di Giannantonio, Massimo, Fizzotti, Carlo, Cossetta, Edoardo, Di Gregorio, Luana, Sozzi, Francesca, Boncompagni, Giancarlo, La Barbera, Daniele, Colli, Giuseppe, Laurenzi, Sabrina, Luca, Maria, Crocamo, Carlo, Barbui, C, Bertolini, F, Bartoli, F, Calandra, C, Callegari, C, Carrà, G, D'Agostino, A, Lucii, C, Martinotti, G, Mastromo, D, Moretti, D, Monzani, E, Porcellana, M, Prestia, D, and Ostuzzi, G
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, psychiatric practice, lcsh:RC435-571, Treatment adherence, viruses, medicine.medical_treatment, antipsychotic, long-acting injectable, prescribing attitudes, survey, immune system diseases, lcsh:Psychiatry, medicine, Psychiatry, Antipsychotic, prescribing attitude, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous), Original Research, business.industry, lcsh:RM1-950, virus diseases, lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Long acting, Psychology (miscellaneous), business
Abstract: Background: Long acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics have been claimed to ensure treatment adherence and possibly reduce the daily burden of oral formulations. So far, only surveys investigating the theoretical prescribing attitudes of clinicians have been employed. On this basis, we aimed to investigate reasons for prescribing LAIs in a real-world, unselected sample of patients. Methods: The STAR Network Depot Study is an observational, multicentre study consecutively enrolling adults initiating a LAI over a 12-months period. Clinical severity was assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and patient’s attitude toward medications with the Drug Attitude Inventory 10 items. Psychiatrists recorded reasons for LAI prescribing for each study participant. Responses were grouped into six non-mutually exclusive categories: aggressiveness, patient engagement, ease of drug taking, side-effects, stigma, adherence. Results: Of the 451 patients included, two-thirds suffered from chronic psychoses. Improving patient engagement with the outpatient psychiatric service was the most common reason for prescribing LAIs (almost 80% of participants), followed by increasing treatment adherence (57%), decreasing aggressiveness (54%), and improving ease of drug taking (52%). After adjusting for confounders, logistic regression analyses showed that reasons for LAI use were associated with LAI choice (e.g. first-generation LAIs for reducing aggressiveness). Conclusion: Despite the wide availability of novel LAI formulation and the emphasis on their wider use, our data suggest that the main reasons for LAI use have remained substantially unchanged over the years, focusing mostly on improving patient’s engagement. Further, clinicians follow implicit prescribing patterns when choosing LAIs, and this may generate hypotheses for future experimental studies.
Published: 2020

10. Combinations of QTc-prolonging drugs: towards disentangling pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects in their potentially additive nature

Author: A. D. Meid, I. Bighelli, S. Mächler, G. Mikus, G. Carrà, M. Castellazzi, C. Lucii, G. Martinotti, M. Nosè, G. Ostuzzi, T. Acciavatti, A. Adamo, A. Aguglia, C. Albanese, S. Baccaglini, F. Bardicchia, R. Barone, Y. Barone, F. Bartoli, C. Bergamini, F. Bertolini, S. Bolognesi, A. Bordone, P. Bortolaso, M. Bugliani, C. Calandra, S. Calò, G. Cardamone, M. Caroleo, E. Carra, D. Carretta, L. Chiocchi, E. Cinosi, M. Clerici, M. Corbo, E. Corsi, R. Costanzo, G. Costoloni, F. D’Arienzo, S. Debolini, A. De Capua, W. A. Di Napoli, M. Dinelli, E. Facchi, F. Fargnoli, F. Fiori, A. Franchi, F. Gardellin, C. Gastaldon, E. Gazzoletti, L. Ghio, M. Giacomin, M. Gregis, N. Iovieno, D. Koukouna, A. Lax, C. Lintas, A. Luca, M. Luca, M. Lussetti, M. Madrucci, N. Magnani, L. Magni, E. Manca, C. Martorelli, R. Mattafirri, C. Paladini, D. Papola, M. Percudani, G. Perini, P. Petrosemolo, M. Pezzullo, S. Piantanida, F. Pinna, K. Prato, D. Prestia, D. Quattrone, C. Reggianini, F. Restaino, M. Ribolsi, G. Rinosi, C. Rizzo, R. Rizzo, M. Roggi, G. Rossi, S. Rossi, S. Ruberto, M. Santi, R. Santoro, G. Sepede, M. S. Signorelli, F. Soscia, P. Staffa, M. Stilo, S. Strizzolo, F. Suraniti, N. Tavian, L. Tortelli, F. Tosoni, M. Valdagno, V. Zanobini, C. Barbui, W. E. Haefeli, Meid, A, Bighelli, I, Mächler, S, Mikus, G, Carrà, G, Castellazzi, M, Lucii, C, Martinotti, G, Nosè, M, Ostuzzi, G, Acciavatti, T, Adamo, A, Aguglia, A, Albanese, C, Baccaglini, S, Bardicchia, F, Barone, R, Barone, Y, Bartoli, F, Bergamini, C, Bertolini, F, Bolognesi, S, Bordone, A, Bortolaso, P, Bugliani, M, Calandra, C, Calò, S, Cardamone, G, Caroleo, M, Carra, E, Carretta, D, Chiocchi, L, Cinosi, E, Clerici, M, Corbo, M, Corsi, E, Costanzo, R, Costoloni, G, D’Arienzo, F, Debolini, S, De Capua, A, Di Napoli, W, Dinelli, M, Facchi, E, Fargnoli, F, Fiori, F, Franchi, A, Gardellin, F, Gastaldon, C, Gazzoletti, E, Ghio, L, Giacomin, M, Gregis, M, Iovieno, N, Koukouna, D, Lax, A, Lintas, C, Luca, A, Luca, M, Lussetti, M, Madrucci, M, Magnani, N, Magni, L, Manca, E, Martorelli, C, Mattafirri, R, Paladini, C, Papola, D, Percudani, M, Perini, G, Petrosemolo, P, Pezzullo, M, Piantanida, S, Pinna, F, Prato, K, Prestia, D, Quattrone, D, Reggianini, C, Restaino, F, Ribolsi, M, Rinosi, G, Rizzo, C, Rizzo, R, Roggi, M, Rossi, G, Rossi, S, Ruberto, S, Santi, M, Santoro, R, Sepede, G, Signorelli, M, Soscia, F, Staffa, P, Stilo, M, Strizzolo, S, Suraniti, F, Tavian, N, Tortelli, L, Tosoni, F, Valdagno, M, Zanobini, V, Barbui, C, and Haefeli, W
Subjects: QT interval, medicine.medical_specialty, electrocardiography, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacokinetics, Internal medicine, medicine, cohort study, 030212 general & internal medicine, drug–drug interaction, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous), Original Research, drug–drug interactions, psychiatry, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Pharmacodynamics, Cardiology, Psychology (miscellaneous), business, Electrocardiography, cohort study, drug–drug interactions, electrocardiography, psychiatry, QT interval, Cohort study
Abstract: Background:Whether arrhythmia risks will increase if drugs with electrocardiographic (ECG) QT-prolonging properties are combined is generally supposed but not well studied. Based on available evidence, the Arizona Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics (AZCERT) classification defines the risk of QT prolongation for exposure to single drugs. We aimed to investigate how combining AZCERT drug categories impacts QT duration and how relative drug exposure affects the extent of pharmacodynamic drug–drug interactions.Methods:In a cohort of 2558 psychiatric inpatients and outpatients, we modeled whether AZCERT class and number of coprescribed QT-prolonging drugs correlates with observed rate-corrected QT duration (QTc) while also considering age, sex, inpatient status, and other QTc-prolonging risk factors. We concurrently considered administered drug doses and pharmacokinetic interactions modulating drug clearance to calculate individual weights of relative exposure with AZCERT drugs. Because QTc duration is concentration-dependent, we estimated individual drug exposure with these drugs and included this information as weights in weighted regression analyses.Results:Drugs attributing a ‘known’ risk for clinical consequences were associated with the largest QTc prolongations. However, the presence of at least two versus one QTc-prolonging drug yielded nonsignificant prolongations [exposure-weighted parameter estimates with 95% confidence intervals for ‘known’ risk drugs + 0.93 ms (–8.88;10.75)]. Estimates for the ‘conditional’ risk class increased upon refinement with relative drug exposure and co-administration of a ‘known’ risk drug as a further risk factor.Conclusions:These observations indicate that indiscriminate combinations of QTc-prolonging drugs do not necessarily result in additive QTc prolongation and suggest that QT prolongation caused by drug combinations strongly depends on the nature of the combination partners and individual drug exposure. Concurrently, it stresses the value of the AZCERT classification also for the risk prediction of combination therapies with QT-prolonging drugs.
Published: 2017

11. Antipsychotic dose mediates the association between polypharmacy and corrected QT interval

Author: Barbui, Corrado, Bighelli, Irene, Carrà, Giuseppe, Castellazzi, Mariasole, Lucii, Claudio, Martinotti, Giovanni, Nosè, Michela, Ostuzzi, Giovanni, Acciavatti, T., Adamo, A., Aguglia, A., Albanese, C., Baccaglini, S., Bardicchia, F., Barone, R., Barone, Y., Bartoli, F., Bergamini, C., Bertolini, F., Bolognesi, S., Bordone, A., Bortolaso, P., Bugliani, M., Calandra, C., Calò, S., Cardamone, G., Caroleo, M., Carra, E., Car-Retta, D., Chiocchi, L., Cinosi, E., Clerici, M., Corbo, M., Corsi, E., Costanzo, R., Costoloni, G., D'Arienzo, F., Debolini, S., De Capua, A., Di Napoli, W. A., Dinelli, M., Facchi, E., Fargnoli, F., Fiori, F., Franchi, A., Gardellin, F., Gastaldon, C., Gazzoletti, E., Ghio, L., Giacomin, M., Gregis, M., Iovieno, N., Koukouna, D., Lax, A., Lintas, C., Luca, A., Luca, M., Lussetti, M., Madrucci, M., Magnani, N., Magni, L., Manca, E., Martorelli, C., Mattafirri, R., Paladini, C., Papola, D., Percudani, M., Perini, G., Petrosemolo, P., Pezzullo, M., Piantanida, S., Pinna, F., Prato, K., Prestia, D., Quattrone, D., Reggianini, C., Restaino, F., Ribolsi, M., Rinosi, G., Rizzo, C., Rizzo, R., Roggi, M., Rossi, G., Rossi, S., Ruberto, S., Santi, M., Santoro, R., Sepede, G., Signorelli, M. S., Soscia, F., Sozzi, F., Staffa, P., Stilo, M., Strizzolo, S., Suraniti, F., Tavian, N., Tortelli, L., Tosoni, F., Valdagno, M., Zanobini, V., Barbui, C, Bighelli, I, Carrà, G, Castellazzi, M, Lucii, C, Martinotti, G, Nosè, M, Ostuzzi, G, Acciavatti, T, Adamo, A, Aguglia, A, Albanese, C, Baccaglini, S, Bardicchia, F, Barone, R, Barone, Y, Bartoli, F, Bergamini, C, Bertolini, F, Bolognesi, S, Bordone, A, Bortolaso, P, Bugliani, M, Calandra, C, Calò, S, Cardamone, G, Caroleo, M, Carra, E, Carretta, D, Chiocchi, L, Cinosi, E, Clerici, M, Corbo, M, Corsi, E, Costanzo, R, Costoloni, G, D'Arienzo, F, Debolini, S, De Capua, A, Di Napoli, W, Dinelli, M, Facchi, E, Fargnoli, F, Fiori, F, Franchi, A, Gardellin, F, Gastaldon, C, Gazzoletti, E, Ghio, L, Giacomin, M, Gregis, M, Iovieno, N, Koukouna, D, Lax, A, Lintas, C, Luca, A, Luca, M, Lussetti, M, Madrucci, M, Magnani, N, Magni, L, Manca, E, Martorelli, C, Mattafirri, R, Paladini, C, Papola, D, Percudani, M, Perini, G, Petrosemolo, P, Pezzullo, M, Piantanida, S, Pinna, F, Prato, K, Prestia, D, Quattrone, D, Reggianini, C, Restaino, F, Ribolsi, M, Rinosi, G, Rizzo, C, Rizzo, R, Roggi, M, Rossi, G, Rossi, S, Ruberto, S, Santi, M, Santoro, R, Sepede, G, Signorelli, M, Soscia, F, Sozzi, F, Staffa, P, Stilo, M, Strizzolo, S, Suraniti, F, Tavian, N, Tortelli, L, Tosoni, F, Valdagno, M, and Zanobini, V
Subjects: Male, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), medicine.medical_treatment, Aripiprazole, lcsh:Medicine, Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Medicine, dose-dependent risk, Biochemistry, Electrocardiography, 0302 clinical medicine, Heart Rate, Medicine and Health Sciences, 80 and over, Antipsychotics, lcsh:Science, Aged, 80 and over, Multidisciplinary, Pharmaceutics, Medicine (all), Mental Disorders, Confounding, Drug Information, Drugs, Middle Aged, Long QT Syndrome, Bioassays and Physiological Analysis, Italy, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Female, QT interval corrected for heart rate, Adult, Aged, Antipsychotic Agents, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Haloperidol, Humans, Young Adult, Polypharmacy, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all), medicine.drug, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Patients, QTc lenghtening, therapy risk, Long QT syndrome, antipsychotic drugs, Research and Analysis Methods, polypharmacy, QT interval, 03 medical and health sciences, Dose Prediction Methods, Drug Therapy, Internal medicine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Heart rate, medicine, Antipsychotic, Inpatients, business.industry, lcsh:R, Electrophysiological Techniques, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Health Care, Defined daily dose, Settore MED/25, lcsh:Q, Cardiac Electrophysiology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Antipsychotic (AP) drugs have the potential to cause prolongation of the QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc). As this risk is dose-dependent, it may be associated with the number of AP drugs concurrently prescribed, which is known to be associated with increased cumulative equivalent AP dosage. This study analysed whether AP dose mediates the relationship between polypharmacy and QTc interval. We used data from a cross-sectional survey that investigated the prevalence of QTc lengthening among people with psychiatric illnesses in Italy. AP polypharmacy was tested for evidence of association with AP dose and QTc interval using the Baron and Kenny mediational model. A total of 725 patients were included in this analysis. Of these, 186 (26%) were treated with two or more AP drugs (AP polypharmacy). The mean cumulative AP dose was significantly higher in those receiving AP polypharmacy (prescribed daily dose/defined daily dose = 2.93, standard deviation 1.31) than monotherapy (prescribed daily dose/defined daily dose = 0.82, standard deviation 0.77) (z = -12.62, p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean QTc interval was significantly longer in those receiving AP polypharmacy (mean = 420.86 milliseconds, standard deviation 27.16) than monotherapy (mean = 413.42 milliseconds, standard deviation 31.54) (z = -2.70, p = 0.006). The Baron and Kenny mediational analysis showed that, after adjustment for confounding variables, AP dose mediates the association between polypharmacy and QTc interval. The present study found that AP polypharmacy is associated with QTc interval, and this effect is mediated by AP dose. Given the high prevalence of AP polypharmacy in real-world clinical practice, clinicians should consider not only the myriad risk factors for QTc prolongation in their patients, but also that adding a second AP drug may further increase risk as compared with monotherapy.
Published: 2016

12. Reasons for initiating long-acting antipsychotics in psychiatric practice: findings from the STAR Network Depot Study.

Author: Barbui C, Bertolini F, Bartoli F, Calandra C, Callegari C, Carrà G, D'Agostino A, Lucii C, Martinotti G, Mastromo D, Moretti D, Monzani E, Porcellana M, Prestia D, and Ostuzzi G
Abstract: Background: Long acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics have been claimed to ensure treatment adherence and possibly reduce the daily burden of oral formulations. So far, only surveys investigating the theoretical prescribing attitudes of clinicians have been employed. On this basis, we aimed to investigate reasons for prescribing LAIs in a real-world, unselected sample of patients., Methods: The STAR Network Depot Study is an observational, multicentre study consecutively enrolling adults initiating a LAI over a 12-months period. Clinical severity was assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and patient's attitude toward medications with the Drug Attitude Inventory 10 items. Psychiatrists recorded reasons for LAI prescribing for each study participant. Responses were grouped into six non-mutually exclusive categories: aggressiveness, patient engagement, ease of drug taking, side-effects, stigma, adherence., Results: Of the 451 patients included, two-thirds suffered from chronic psychoses. Improving patient engagement with the outpatient psychiatric service was the most common reason for prescribing LAIs (almost 80% of participants), followed by increasing treatment adherence (57%), decreasing aggressiveness (54%), and improving ease of drug taking (52%). After adjusting for confounders, logistic regression analyses showed that reasons for LAI use were associated with LAI choice (e.g. first-generation LAIs for reducing aggressiveness)., Conclusion: Despite the wide availability of novel LAI formulation and the emphasis on their wider use, our data suggest that the main reasons for LAI use have remained substantially unchanged over the years, focusing mostly on improving patient's engagement. Further, clinicians follow implicit prescribing patterns when choosing LAIs, and this may generate hypotheses for future experimental studies., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s), 2020.)
Published: 2020
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13. Combinations of QTc-prolonging drugs: towards disentangling pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects in their potentially additive nature.

Author: Meid AD, Bighelli I, Mächler S, Mikus G, Carrà G, Castellazzi M, Lucii C, Martinotti G, Nosè M, Ostuzzi G, Barbui C, and Haefeli WE
Abstract: Background: Whether arrhythmia risks will increase if drugs with electrocardiographic (ECG) QT-prolonging properties are combined is generally supposed but not well studied. Based on available evidence, the Arizona Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics (AZCERT) classification defines the risk of QT prolongation for exposure to single drugs. We aimed to investigate how combining AZCERT drug categories impacts QT duration and how relative drug exposure affects the extent of pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions., Methods: In a cohort of 2558 psychiatric inpatients and outpatients, we modeled whether AZCERT class and number of coprescribed QT-prolonging drugs correlates with observed rate-corrected QT duration (QTc) while also considering age, sex, inpatient status, and other QTc-prolonging risk factors. We concurrently considered administered drug doses and pharmacokinetic interactions modulating drug clearance to calculate individual weights of relative exposure with AZCERT drugs. Because QTc duration is concentration-dependent, we estimated individual drug exposure with these drugs and included this information as weights in weighted regression analyses., Results: Drugs attributing a 'known' risk for clinical consequences were associated with the largest QTc prolongations. However, the presence of at least two versus one QTc-prolonging drug yielded nonsignificant prolongations [exposure-weighted parameter estimates with 95% confidence intervals for 'known' risk drugs + 0.93 ms (-8.88;10.75)]. Estimates for the 'conditional' risk class increased upon refinement with relative drug exposure and co-administration of a 'known' risk drug as a further risk factor., Conclusions: These observations indicate that indiscriminate combinations of QTc-prolonging drugs do not necessarily result in additive QTc prolongation and suggest that QT prolongation caused by drug combinations strongly depends on the nature of the combination partners and individual drug exposure. Concurrently, it stresses the value of the AZCERT classification also for the risk prediction of combination therapies with QT-prolonging drugs., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Published: 2017
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14. Antipsychotic Dose Mediates the Association between Polypharmacy and Corrected QT Interval.

Author: Barbui C, Bighelli I, Carrà G, Castellazzi M, Lucii C, Martinotti G, Nosè M, and Ostuzzi G
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antipsychotic Agents administration & dosage, Antipsychotic Agents therapeutic use, Aripiprazole adverse effects, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Electrocardiography, Female, Haloperidol adverse effects, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Long QT Syndrome epidemiology, Male, Mental Disorders drug therapy, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Antipsychotic Agents adverse effects, Heart Rate drug effects, Long QT Syndrome chemically induced, Polypharmacy
Abstract: Antipsychotic (AP) drugs have the potential to cause prolongation of the QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc). As this risk is dose-dependent, it may be associated with the number of AP drugs concurrently prescribed, which is known to be associated with increased cumulative equivalent AP dosage. This study analysed whether AP dose mediates the relationship between polypharmacy and QTc interval. We used data from a cross-sectional survey that investigated the prevalence of QTc lengthening among people with psychiatric illnesses in Italy. AP polypharmacy was tested for evidence of association with AP dose and QTc interval using the Baron and Kenny mediational model. A total of 725 patients were included in this analysis. Of these, 186 (26%) were treated with two or more AP drugs (AP polypharmacy). The mean cumulative AP dose was significantly higher in those receiving AP polypharmacy (prescribed daily dose/defined daily dose = 2.93, standard deviation 1.31) than monotherapy (prescribed daily dose/defined daily dose = 0.82, standard deviation 0.77) (z = -12.62, p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean QTc interval was significantly longer in those receiving AP polypharmacy (mean = 420.86 milliseconds, standard deviation 27.16) than monotherapy (mean = 413.42 milliseconds, standard deviation 31.54) (z = -2.70, p = 0.006). The Baron and Kenny mediational analysis showed that, after adjustment for confounding variables, AP dose mediates the association between polypharmacy and QTc interval. The present study found that AP polypharmacy is associated with QTc interval, and this effect is mediated by AP dose. Given the high prevalence of AP polypharmacy in real-world clinical practice, clinicians should consider not only the myriad risk factors for QTc prolongation in their patients, but also that adding a second AP drug may further increase risk as compared with monotherapy.
Published: 2016
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15. Effectiveness of lithium in subjects with treatment-resistant depression and suicide risk: results and lessons of an underpowered randomised clinical trial.

Author: Girlanda F, Cipriani A, Agrimi E, Appino MG, Barichello A, Beneduce R, Bighelli I, Bisoffi G, Bisogno A, Bortolaso P, Boso M, Calandra C, Cascone L, Castellazzi M, Corbascio C, Parise VF, Gardellin F, Gennaro D, Hanife B, Lintas C, Lorusso M, Luca A, Luca M, Luchetta C, Lucii C, Maio F, Marsilio A, Mattei C, Moretti D, Nosè M, Occhionero G, Papanti D, Pecile D, Percudani M, Prestia D, Purgato M, Restaino F, Romeo S, Sciarma T, Strizzolo S, Tamborini S, Todarello O, Tozzi F, Ziero S, Zotos S, and Barbui C
Subjects: Adult, Affect drug effects, Antipsychotic Agents therapeutic use, Depression diagnosis, Depression mortality, Depression psychology, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Italy, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sample Size, Severity of Illness Index, Suicide psychology, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Antidepressive Agents therapeutic use, Antimanic Agents therapeutic use, Depression drug therapy, Lithium Compounds therapeutic use, Research Design, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Prevention
Abstract: Background: As lithium treatment might be effective in reducing the risk of deliberate self-harm (DSH) in adult patients with unipolar affective disorders, we designed a pragmatic randomised trial to assess its efficacy in more than 200 patients with treatment-resistant depression. However, we randomised 56 patients only. The aim of this report is therefore twofold: first, to disseminate the results of this underpowered study which may be incorporated into future meta-analytical reviews; second, to analyse some critical aspects of the study which might explain failure to reach the target sample size., Methods: We carried out a randomised, parallel group, assessor-blinded superiority clinical trial. Adults with a diagnosis of major depression, an episode of DSH in the previous 12 months and inadequate response to at least two antidepressants given sequentially at an adequate dose for an adequate time for the current depressive episode were allocated to add lithium to usual care (intervention arm) versus usual care alone (control arm). Suicide completion and acts of DSH during the 12 months of follow-up constituted the composite primary outcome., Results: Of 58 patients screened for inclusion, 29 were allocated to lithium plus usual care and 27 were assigned to usual care without lithium. Six patients in the lithium plus usual care group and seven in the usual care group committed acts of DSH during the follow-up phase. The survival probability did not differ between the two treatment arms (Chi2 = 0.17, p =0.676). With regard to changes in the severity of depressive symptomatology from baseline to endpoint, no significant differences were detected., Conclusions: The present study failed to achieve the minimum sample size needed to detect a clinically meaningful difference between the two treatment arms. Consequently, the finding that lithium, in addition to usual care, did not exert a positive effect in terms of reduction of DSH after 12 months of follow-up is likely due to the lack of sufficient statistical power to detect a difference, if a difference existed. The dissemination of the results of this underpowered study will inform future meta-analytical reviews on lithium and suicide-related outcomes., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00927550.
Published: 2014
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16. Effectiveness of lithium in subjects with treatment-resistant depression and suicide risk: a protocol for a randomised, independent, pragmatic, multicentre, parallel-group, superiority clinical trial.

Author: Cipriani A, Girlanda F, Agrimi E, Barichello A, Beneduce R, Bighelli I, Bisoffi G, Bisogno A, Bortolaso P, Boso M, Calandra C, Cascone L, Corbascio C, Parise VF, Gardellin F, Gennaro D, Hanife B, Lintas C, Lorusso M, Luchetta C, Lucii C, Cernuto F, Tozzi F, Marsilio A, Maio F, Mattei C, Moretti D, Appino MG, Nosè M, Occhionero G, Papanti D, Pecile D, Purgato M, Prestia D, Restaino F, Sciarma T, Ruberto A, Strizzolo S, Tamborini S, Todarello O, Ziero S, Zotos S, and Barbui C
Subjects: Adult, Antimanic Agents therapeutic use, Clinical Protocols, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Research Design, Risk, Self-Injurious Behavior, Suicide, Treatment Outcome, Antidepressive Agents therapeutic use, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant drug therapy, Lithium therapeutic use
Abstract: Background: Data on therapeutic interventions following deliberate self harm (DSH) in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are very scant and there is no unanimous consensus on the best pharmacological option for these patients. There is some evidence that lithium treatment might be effective in reducing the risk of completed suicide in adult patients with unipolar affective disorders, however no clear cut results have been found so far. The primary aim of the present study is to assess whether adding lithium to standard therapy is an effective treatment strategy to reduce the risk of suicidal behaviour in long term treatment of people with TRD and previous history of DSH., Methods/design: We will carry out a randomised, parallel group, assessor-blinded superiority clinical trial. Adults with a diagnosis of major depression, an episode of DSH in the previous 12 months and inadequate response to at least two antidepressants given sequentially at an adequate dose for an adequate time for the current depressive episode will be allocated to add lithium to current therapy (intervention arm) or not (control arm). Following randomisation, treatment is to be taken daily for 1 year unless some clear reason to stop develops. Suicide completion and acts of DSH during the 12 months of follow-up will constitute the composite primary outcome. To preserve outcome assessor blindness, an independent adjudicating committee, blind to treatment allocation, will anonymously review all outcome events., Discussion: The results of this study should indicate whether lithium treatment is associated with lower risk of completed suicide and DSH in adult patients with treatment resistant unipolar depression, who recently attempted suicide., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00927550.
Published: 2013
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16 results on '"Lucii, C."'

1. Comparing Long-Acting Antipsychotic Discontinuation Rates Under Ordinary Clinical Circumstances: A Survival Analysis from an Observational, Pragmatic Study

2. Clinical correlates of paliperidone palmitate and aripiprazole monohydrate prescription for subjects with schizophreniaspectrum disorders: Findings from the STAR Network Depot Study

3. Factors associated with first- versus second-generation long-acting antipsychotics prescribed under ordinary clinical practice in Italy

4. Prevalence and correlates of QTc prolongation in Italian psychiatric care: cross-sectional multicentre study

5. First-generation antipsychotics and QTc: any role for mediating variables?

6. Advantages of second-generation long-acting injectable anti-psychotics: Focus on hospital admission rates in southeast Tuscany

7. Off-label long acting injectable antipsychotics in real-world clinical practice: a cross-sectional analysis of prescriptive patterns from the STAR Network DEPOT study

8. Comparing 1-year effectiveness and acceptability of once-monthly paliperidone palmitate and aripiprazole monohydrate for schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Findings from the STAR Network Depot Study

9. Reasons for initiating long-acting antipsychotics in psychiatric practice: findings from the STAR Network Depot Study

10. Combinations of QTc-prolonging drugs: towards disentangling pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects in their potentially additive nature

11. Antipsychotic dose mediates the association between polypharmacy and corrected QT interval

12. Reasons for initiating long-acting antipsychotics in psychiatric practice: findings from the STAR Network Depot Study.

13. Combinations of QTc-prolonging drugs: towards disentangling pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects in their potentially additive nature.

14. Antipsychotic Dose Mediates the Association between Polypharmacy and Corrected QT Interval.

15. Effectiveness of lithium in subjects with treatment-resistant depression and suicide risk: results and lessons of an underpowered randomised clinical trial.

16. Effectiveness of lithium in subjects with treatment-resistant depression and suicide risk: a protocol for a randomised, independent, pragmatic, multicentre, parallel-group, superiority clinical trial.

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