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1. Organic carbon stocks of Great British saltmarshes

Author

Craig Smeaton, Cai J. T. Ladd, Lucy C. Miller, Lucy McMahon, Ed Garrett, Natasha L. M. Barlow, W. Roland Gehrels, Martin W. Skov, and William E. N. Austin

Subjects
coastal, wetlands, soil, vegetation, belowground, storage, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Coastal wetlands, such as saltmarshes, are globally widespread and highly effective at capturing and storing ‘blue carbon’ and have the potential to regulate climate over varying timescales. Yet only Australia and the United States of America have national inventories of organic carbon held within saltmarsh habitats, hindering the development of policies and management strategies to protect and preserve these organic carbon stores. Here we couple a new observational dataset with 4,797 samples from 26 saltmarshes across Great Britain to spatially model organic carbon stored in the soil and the above and belowground biomass of Great British saltmarshes. Using average values derived from the 26 marshes, we deliver first-order estimates of organic carbon stocks across Great Britain’s 448 saltmarshes (451.66 km2). The saltmarshes of Great Britain contain 5.20 ± 0.65 Mt of organic carbon, 93% of which is in the soil. On average, the saltmarshes store 11.55 ± 1.56 kg C m-2 with values ranging between 2.24 kg C m-2 and 40.51 kg C m-2 depending on interlinked factors such as geomorphology, organic carbon source, sediment type (mud vs sand), sediment supply, and relative sea level history. These findings affirm that saltmarshes represent the largest intertidal blue carbon store in Great Britain, yet remain an unaccounted for component of the United Kingdom’s natural carbon stores.

Published
2023
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2. Using citizen science to estimate surficial soil Blue Carbon stocks in Great British saltmarshes

Author

Craig Smeaton, Annette Burden, Paulina Ruranska, Cai J. T. Ladd, Angus Garbutt, Laurence Jones, Lucy McMahon, Lucy C. Miller, Martin W. Skov, and William E. N. Austin

Subjects
saltmarsh, carbon, vegetation, soil, organic matter, citizen science, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

A new saltmarsh soil dataset comprising of geochemical and physical property data from 752 soil samples collected through a sampling program supported by citizen scientists has been brought together with existing data to make the first national estimates of the surficial (top 10 cm) soil OC stock for Great British (GB) saltmarshes. To allow the inclusion of secondary data in the soil stock estimate a new bespoke organic matter to organic carbon conversion for GB saltmarsh soil was developed allowing organic matter data measured using loss-on-ignition to be convert to organic carbon content. The total GB surficial soil OC stock is 2.320 ± 0.470 Mt; English saltmarshes hold 1.601 ± 0.426 Mt OC, Scottish saltmarshes hold 0.368 ± 0.091 Mt OC, and Welsh saltmarshes hold 0.351 ± 0.082 Mt OC. The stocks were calculated within a Markov Chain Monte Carlo framework allowing robust uncertainty estimates to be derived for the first time. Spatial mapping tools are available to accompany these stock estimates at individual saltmarsh habitats throughout GB. This data will aid in the protection and management of saltmarshes and represents the first steps towards the inclusion of saltmarsh OC in the national inventory accounting of blue carbon ecosystems.

Published
2022
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3. Early-Life Outcomes in Relation to Social Determinants of Health for Children Born Extremely Preterm

Author

Jane E. Brumbaugh, Betty R. Vohr, Edward F. Bell, Carla M. Bann, Colm P. Travers, Elisabeth C. McGowan, Heidi M. Harmon, Waldemar A. Carlo, Andrea F. Duncan, Susan R. Hintz, Alan H. Jobe, Michael S. Caplan, Richard A. Polin, Abbot R. Laptook, Martin Keszler, Angelita M. Hensman, Barbara Alksninis, Carmena Bishop, Robert T. Burke, Melinda Caskey, Laurie Hoffman, Katharine Johnson, Mary Lenore Keszler, Andrea M. Knoll, Vita Lamberson, Teresa M. Leach, Emilee Little, Bonnie E. Stephens, Elisa Vieira, Lucille St. Pierre, Suzy Ventura, Victoria E. Watson, Anna Maria Hibbs, Michele C. Walsh, Deanne E. Wilson-Costello, Nancy S. Newman, Monika Bhola, Allison H. Payne, Bonnie S. Siner, Gulgun Yalcinkaya, William E. Truog, Eugenia K. Pallotto, Howard W. Kilbride, Cheri Gauldin, Anne Holmes, Kathy Johnson, Allison Scott, Prabhu S. Parimi, Lisa Gaetano, Brenda B. Poindexter, Kurt Schibler, Suhas G. Kallapur, Edward F. Donovan, Stephanie Merhar, Cathy Grisby, Kimberly Yolton, Barbara Alexander, Traci Beiersdorfer, Kate Bridges, Tanya E. Cahill, Juanita Dudley, Estelle E. Fischer, Teresa L. Gratton, Devan Hayes, Jody Hessling, Lenora D. Jackson, Kristin Kirker, Holly L. Mincey, Greg Muthig, Sara Stacey, Jean J. Steichen, Stacey Tepe, Julia Thompson, Sandra Wuertz, C. Michael Cotten, Ronald N. Goldberg, Ricki F. Goldstein, William F. Malcolm, Deesha Mago-Shah, Patricia L. Ashley, Joanne Finkle, Kathy J. Auten, Kimberley A. Fisher, Sandra Grimes, Kathryn E. Gustafson, Melody B. Lohmeyer, Matthew M. Laughon, Carl L. Bose, Janice Bernhardt, Gennie Bose, Cindy Clark, Jennifer Talbert, Diane Warner, Andrea Trembath, T. Michael O'Shea, Janice Wereszczak, Stephen D. Kicklighter, Ginger Rhodes-Ryan, Donna White, Ravi M. Patel, David P. Carlton, Barbara J. Stoll, Ellen C. Hale, Yvonne C. Loggins, Ira Adams-Chapman, Ann Blackwelder, Diane I. Bottcher, Sheena L. Carter, Salathiel Kendrick-Allwood, Judith Laursen, Maureen Mulligan LaRossa, Colleen Mackie, Amy Sanders, Irma Seabrook, Gloria Smikle, Lynn C. Wineski, Rosemary D. Higgins, Andrew A. Bremer, Stephanie Wilson Archer, Gregory M. Sokol, Anna M. Dusick, Lu Ann Papile, Susan Gunn, Faithe Hamer, Dianne E. Herron, Abbey C. Hines, Carolyn Lytle, Lucy C. Miller, Heike M. Minnich, Leslie Richard, Lucy Smiley, Leslie Dawn Wilson, Jon E. Tyson, Kathleen A. Kennedy, Amir M. Khan, Andrea Duncan, Ricardo Mosquera, Emily K. Stephens, Georgia E. McDavid, Nora I. Alaniz, Elizabeth Allain, Julie Arldt-McAlister, Katrina Burson, Allison G. Dempsey, Elizabeth Eason, Patricia W. Evans, Carmen Garcia, Charles Green, Donna Hall, Beverly Foley Harris, Margarita Jiminez, Janice John, Patrick M. Jones, M. Layne Lillie, Anna E. Lis, Karen Martin, Sara C. Martin, Carrie M. Mason, Shannon McKee, Brenda H. Morris, Kimberly Rennie, Shawna Rodgers, Saba Khan Siddiki, Maegan C. Simmons, Daniel Sperry, Patti L. Pierce Tate, Sharon L. Wright, Pablo J. Sánchez, Leif D. Nelin, Sudarshan R. Jadcherla, Jonathan L. Slaughter, Keith O. Yeates, Sarah Keim, Nathalie L. Maitre, Christopher J. Timan, Patricia Luzader, Erna Clark, Christine A. Fortney, Julie Gutentag, Courtney Park, Julie Shadd, Margaret Sullivan, Melanie Stein, Mary Ann Nelin, Julia Newton, Kristi Small, Stephanie Burkhardt, Jessica Purnell, Lindsay Pietruszewski, Katelyn Levengood, Nancy Batterson, Pamela Morehead, Helen Carey, Lina Yoseff-Salameh, Rox Ann Sullivan, Cole Hague, Jennifer Grothause, Erin Fearns, Aubrey Fowler, Jennifer Notestine, Jill Tonneman, Krystal Hay, Michelle Chao, Kyrstin Warnimont, Laura Marzec, Bethany Miller, Demi R. Beckford, Hallie Baugher, Brittany DeSantis, Cory Hanlon, Jacqueline McCool, Abhik Das, Marie G. Gantz, Dennis Wallace, Margaret M. Crawford, Jenna Gabrio, David Leblond, Jamie E. Newman, Carolyn M. Petrie Huitema, Jeanette O'Donnell Auman, W. Kenneth Poole, Kristin M. Zaterka-Baxter, Krisa P. Van Meurs, Valerie Y. Chock, David K. Stevenson, Marian M. Adams, M. Bethany Ball, Barbara Bentley, Elizabeth Bruno, Alexis S. Davis, Maria Elena DeAnda, Anne M. DeBattista, Lynne C. Huffman, Magdy Ismael, Jean G. Kohn, Casey Krueger, Janice Lowe, Ryan E. Lucash, Andrew W. Palmquist, Jessica Patel, Melinda S. Proud, Elizabeth N. Reichert, Nicholas H. St. John, Dharshi Sivakumar, Heather L. Taylor, Natalie Wager, R. Jordan Williams, Hali Weiss, Ivan D. Frantz, John M. Fiascone, Brenda L. MacKinnon, Anne Furey, Ellen Nylen, Paige T. Church, Cecelia E. Sibley, Ana K. Brussa, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Myriam Peralta-Carcelen, Kathleen G. Nelson, Kirstin J. Bailey, Fred J. Biasini, Stephanie A. Chopko, Monica V. Collins, Shirley S. Cosby, Kristen C. Johnston, Mary Beth Moses, Cryshelle S. Patterson, Vivien A. Phillips, Julie Preskitt, Richard V. Rector, Sally Whitley, Uday Devaskar, Meena Garg, Isabell B. Purdy, Teresa Chanlaw, Rachel Geller, Neil N. Finer, Yvonne E. Vaucher, David Kaegi, Maynard R. Rasmussen, Kathy Arnell, Clarence Demetrio, Martha G. Fuller, Wade Rich, Tarah T. Colaizy, John A. Widness, Michael J. Acarregui, Karen J. Johnson, Diane L. Eastman, Claire A. Goeke, Mendi L. Schmelzel, Jacky R. Walker, Michelle L. Baack, Laurie A. Hogden, Megan Broadbent, Chelsey Elenkiwich, Megan M. Henning, Sarah Van Muyden, Dan L. Ellsbury, Donia B. Campbell, Tracy L. Tud, Shahnaz Duara, Charles R. Bauer, Ruth Everett-Thomas, Sylvia Fajardo-Hiriart, Arielle Rigaud, Maria Calejo, Silvia M. Frade Eguaras, Michelle Harwood Berkowits, Andrea Garcia, Helina Pierre, Alexandra Stoerger, Kristi L. Watterberg, Janell Fuller, Robin K. Ohls, Sandra Sundquist Beauman, Conra Backstrom Lacy, Mary Hanson, Carol Hartenberger, Elizabeth Kuan, Jean R. Lowe, Rebecca A. Thomson, Sara B. DeMauro, Eric C. Eichenwald, Barbara Schmidt, Haresh Kirpalani, Aasma S. Chaudhary, Soraya Abbasi, Toni Mancini, Christine Catts, Noah Cook, Dara M. Cucinotta, Judy C. Bernbaum, Marsha Gerdes, Sarvin Ghavam, Hallam Hurt, Jonathan Snyder, Saritha Vangala, Kristina Ziolkowski, Carl T. D'Angio, Dale L. Phelps, Ronnie Guillet, Gary J. Myers, Michelle Andrews-Hartley, Julie Babish Johnson, Kyle Binion, Melissa Bowman, Elizabeth Boylin, Erica Burnell, Kelly R. Coleman, Cait Fallone, Osman Farooq, Julianne Hunn, Diane Hust, Rosemary L. Jensen, Rachel Jones, Jennifer Kachelmeyer, Emily Kushner, Deanna Maffett, Kimberly G. McKee, Joan Merzbach, Constance Orme, Diane Prinzing, Linda J. Reubens, Daisy Rochez, Mary Rowan, Premini Sabaratnam, Ann Marie Scorsone, Holly I.M. Wadkins, Kelley Yost, Lauren Zwetsch, Satyan Lakshminrusimha, Anne Marie Reynolds, Michael G. Sacilowski, Stephanie Guilford, Emily Li, Ashley Williams, William A. Zorn, Myra H. Wyckoff, Luc P. Brion, Walid A. Salhab, Charles R. Rosenfeld, Roy J. Heyne, Diana M. Vasil, Sally S. Adams, Lijun Chen, Maria M. De Leon, Francis Eubanks, Alicia Guzman, Gaynelle Hensley, Elizabeth T. Heyne, Lizette E. Lee, Melissa H. Leps, Linda A. Madden, E. Rebecca McDougald, Nancy A. Miller, Janet S. Morgan, Lara Pavageau, Pollieanna Sepulveda, Kristine Tolentino-Plata, Cathy Twell Boatman, Azucena Vera, Jillian Waterbury, Bradley A. Yoder, Mariana Baserga, Roger G. Faix, Sarah Winter, Stephen D. Minton, Mark J. Sheffield, Carrie A. Rau, Shawna Baker, Karie Bird, Jill Burnett, Susan Christensen, Laura Cole-Bledsoe, Brandy Davis, Jennifer O. Elmont, Jennifer J. Jensen, Manndi C. Loertscher, Jamie Jordan, Trisha Marchant, Earl Maxson, Kandace M. McGrath, Karen A. Osborne, D. Melody Parry, Brixen A. Reich, Susan T. Schaefer, Cynthia Spencer, Michael Steffen, Katherine Tice, Kimberlee Weaver-Lewis, Kathryn D. Woodbury, Karen Zanetti, Robert G. Dillard, Lisa K. Washburn, Barbara G. Jackson, Nancy Peters, Korinne Chiu, Deborah Evans Allred, Donald J. Goldstein, Raquel Halfond, Carroll Peterson, Ellen L. Waldrep, Cherrie D. Welch, Melissa Whalen Morris, Gail Wiley Hounshell, Seetha Shankaran, Beena G. Sood, Girija Natarajan, Athina Pappas, Katherine Abramczyk, Prashant Agarwal, Monika Bajaj, Rebecca Bara, Elizabeth Billian, Sanjay Chawla, Kirsten Childs, Lilia C. De Jesus, Debra Driscoll, Melissa February, Laura A. Goldston, Mary E. Johnson, Geraldine Muran, Bogdan Panaitescu, Jeannette E. Prentiss, Diane White, Eunice Woldt, John Barks, Stephanie A. Wiggins, Mary K. Christensen, Martha D. Carlson, Richard A. Ehrenkranz, Harris Jacobs, Christine G. Butler, Patricia Cervone, Sheila Greisman, Monica Konstantino, JoAnn Poulsen, Janet Taft, Joanne Williams, and Elaine Romano

Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Published
2023

4. Carbon accumulation and storage across contrasting saltmarshes of Scotland

Author

Lucy C. Miller, Craig Smeaton, Handong Yang, William E.N. Austin, NERC, University of St Andrews. Environmental Change Research Group, University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews. Coastal Resources Management Group, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, and University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute

Subjects
Salt marsh, 210-Pb geochronology, Burial, 137Cs, Belowground, Storage, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Soil, SDG 13 - Climate Action, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Organic carbon, Chronology, General Environmental Science, SDG 15 - Life on Land, MCC, Global and Planetary Change, Saltmarsh, Vegetation, GE, Ecology, DAS, Roots, Carbon, Coastal, Scotland, Aboveground, Wetlands, Dating, Stock, GE Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Funding: This research was finically supported by the Scottish Blue Carbon Forum and the Natural Environment Research Council funded Carbon Storage in Intertidal Environments (C-SIDE) project (grant NE/R010846/1). Saltmarshes are acknowledged to be “carbon hotspots” due to their capacity to trap and store large quantities of carbon (C) within their soils and potentially have the ability to regulate climate over different timescales. In-turn governments and international organizations are now recognizing the need to include these intertidal ecosystems in national and global C accounting. Yet, in many regions, estimates of organic carbon (OC) storage and the rate at which OC is buried in saltmarsh soils either do not exist or at not at the scale necessary for inclusion in national C budgets. Here we bring together tools from across the geosciences to investigate the quantity of OC held within the soil and above/belowground biomass alongside estimates of the rate at which OC accumulates and the source of the OC within the soils of four contrasting Scottish saltmarshes. Using radiometric dating techniques it is estimated that OC accumulates at a rate of between 29.1 and 198.1 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ across the different study sites. In contrast, the source of the OC varies little across the sites with 73%–99% of the OC within the saltmarsh soil originating from terrestrial/in situ sources; marine-derived OC plays a minor role in the development of the saltmarsh OC stocks. Using average values derived from the four sites it is possible to make first-order estimates of saltmarsh OC stocks and accumulation rates for all Scotland's 240 mapped saltmarshes. It is estimated that across Scotland saltmarsh habitat stores 1.15 ± 0.21 Mt OC which is supplemented by an additional 4385 ± 481 tonnes of OC each year. Publisher PDF

Published
2023

5. Admission Temperature and Associated Mortality and Morbidity among Moderately and Extremely Preterm Infants

Author

Abbot R. Laptook, Edward F. Bell, Seetha Shankaran, Nansi S. Boghossian, Myra H. Wyckoff, Sarah Kandefer, Michele Walsh, Shampa Saha, Rosemary Higgins, Richard A. Polin, Martin Keszler, Betty R. Vohr, Angelita M. Hensman, Elisa Vieira, Emilee Little, Avroy A. Fanaroff, Anna Marie Hibbs, Nancy S. Newman, Bonnie S. Siner, William E. Truog, Eugenia K. Pallotto, Howard W. Kilbride, Cheri Gauldin, Anne Holmes, Kathy Johnson, Kurt Schibler, Suhas G. Kallapur, Cathy Grisby, Barbara Alexander, Estelle E. Fischer, Lenora Jackson, Kristin Kirker, Jennifer Jennings, Sandra Wuertz, Greg Muthig, Edward F. Donovan, Jody Hessling, Marcia Worley Mersmann, Holly L. Mincey, C. Michael Cotten, Ronald N. Goldberg, Joanne Finkle, Kimberley A. Fisher, Kathy J. Auten, Matthew M. Laughon, Carl L. Bose, Janice Bernhardt, Cindy Clark, Barbara J. Stoll, David P. Carlton, Ellen C. Hale, Yvonne Loggins, Diane I. Bottcher, Stephanie Wilson Archer, Linda L. Wright, Elizabeth M. McClure, Brenda B. Poindexter, Gregory M. Sokol, Dianne E. Herron, James A. Lemons, Diana D. Appel, Lucy C. Miller, Pablo J. Sanchez, Leif D. Nelin, Sudarshan R. Jadcherla, Patricia Luzader, Nehal A. Parikh, Marliese Dion Nist, Jennifer Fuller, Julie Gutentag, Marissa E. Jones, Sarah McGregor, Elizabeth Rodgers, Jodi A. Ulloa, Tara Wolfe, Abhik Das, Dennis Wallace, W. Kenneth Poole, Kristin M. Zaterka-Baxter, Margaret Crawford, Jenna Gabrio, Jeanette O'Donnell Auman, Carolyn Petrie Huitema, Betty K. Hastings, Krisa P. Van Meurs, David K. Stevenson, M. Bethany Ball, Melinda S. Proud, Waldemar A. Carlo, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Monica V. Collins, Shirley S. Cosby, Uday Devaskar, Meena Garg, Teresa Chanlaw, Rachel Geller, Tarah T. Colaizy, Dan L. Ellsbury, Jane E. Brumbaugh, Karen J. Johnson, Donia B. Campbell, Jacky R. Walker, Kristi L. Watterberg, Robin K. Ohls, Conra Backstrom Lacy, Sandra Sundquist Beauman, Carol Hartenberger, Barbara Schmidt, Haresh Kirpalani, Noah Cook, Sara B. DeMauro, Aasma S. Chaudhary, Soraya Abbasi, Toni Mancini, Dara Cucinotta, Carl T. D'Angio, Ronnie Guillet, Satyan Lakshminrusimha, Dale L. Phelps, Ann Marie Reynolds, Julianne Hunn, Rosemary Jensen, Holly I.M. Wadkins, Stephanie Guilford, Ashley Williams, Michael Sacilowski, Linda Reubens, Erica Burnell, Mary Rowan, Karen Wynn, Deanna Maffett, Luc P. Brion, Diana M. Vasil, Lijun Chen, Lizette E. Torres, Walid A. Salhab, Susie Madison, Gay Hensley, Nancy A. Miller, Alicia Guzman, Kathleen A. Kennedy, Jon E. Tyson, Julie Arldt-McAlister, Carmen Garcia, Karen Martin, Georgia E. McDavid, Sharon L. Wright, Esther G. Akpa, Patty A. Cluff, Anna E. Lis, Claudia I. Franco, Athina Pappas, John Barks, Rebecca Bara, Shelley Handel, Geraldine Muran, Diane F. White, Mary Christensen, and Stephanie A. Wiggins

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Fever, Hospital mortality, Hypothermia, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Logistic regression, Child health, Article, Body Temperature, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Patient Admission, Risk Factors, 030225 pediatrics, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospital Mortality, business.industry, Extremely preterm, Infant, Newborn, Infant newborn, United States, Logistic Models, Infant, Extremely Premature, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, business
Abstract

To evaluate the temperature distribution among moderately preterm (MPT, 29-33 weeks) and extremely preterm (EPT,29 weeks) infants upon neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission in 2012-2013, the change in admission temperature distribution for EPT infants between 2002-2003 and 2012-2013, and associations between admission temperature and mortality and morbidity for both MPT and EPT infants.Prospectively collected data from 18 centers in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network were used to examine NICU admission temperature of inborn MPT and EPT infants. Associations between admission temperature and mortality and morbidity were determined by multivariable logistic regression. EPT infants from 2002-2003 and 2012-2013 were compared.MPT and EPT cohorts consisted of 5818 and 3213 infants, respectively. The distribution of admission temperatures differed between the MPT vs EPT (P .01), including the percentage36.5°C (38.6% vs 40.9%), 36.5°C-37.5°C (57.3% vs 52.9%), and37.5°C (4.2% vs 6.2%). For EPT infants in 2012-2013 compared with 2002-2003, the percentage of temperatures between 36.5°C and 37.5°C more than doubled and the percentage of temperatures37.5°C more than tripled. Admission temperature was inversely associated with in-hospital mortality.Low and high admission temperatures are more frequent among EPT than MPT infants. Compared with a decade earlier, fewer EPT infants experience low admission temperatures but more have elevated temperatures. In spite of a change in distribution of NICU admission temperature, an inverse association between temperature and mortality risk persists.

Published
2017

6. Markers of Successful Extubation in Extremely Preterm Infants, and Morbidity After Failed Extubation

Author

Sanjay Chawla, Girija Natarajan, Seetha Shankaran, Benjamin Carper, Luc P. Brion, Martin Keszler, Waldemar A. Carlo, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Marie G. Gantz, Abhik Das, Neil Finer, Ronald N. Goldberg, C. Michael Cotten, Rosemary D. Higgins, Alan H. Jobe, Michael S. Caplan, Richard A. Polin, Abbot R. Laptook, William Oh, Angelita M. Hensman, Dan Gingras, Susan Barnett, Sarah Lillie, Kim Francis, Dawn Andrews, Kristen Angela, Michele C. Walsh, Avroy A. Fanaroff, Nancy S. Newman, Bonnie S. Siner, Kurt Schibler, Edward F. Donovan, Vivek Narendran, Kate Bridges, Barbara Alexander, Cathy Grisby, Marcia Worley Mersmann, Holly L. Mincey, Jody Hessling, Kathy J. Auten, Kimberly A. Fisher, Katherine A. Foy, Gloria Siaw, Barbara J. Stoll, Susie Buchter, Anthony Piazza, David P. Carlton, Ellen C. Hale, Stephanie Wilson Archer, Brenda B. Poindexter, James A. Lemons, Faithe Hamer, Dianne E. Herron, Lucy C. Miller, Leslie D. Wilson, Mary Anne Berberich, Carol J. Blaisdell, Dorothy B. Gail, James P. Kiley, W. Kenneth Poole, Margaret Cunningham, Betty K. Hastings, Amanda R. Irene, Jeanette O'Donnell Auman, Carolyn Petrie Huitema, James W. Pickett, Dennis Wallace, Kristin M. Zaterka-Baxter, Krisa P. Van Meurs, David K. Stevenson, M. Bethany Ball, Melinda S. Proud, Ivan D. Frantz, John M. Fiascone, Anne Furey, Brenda L. MacKinnon, Ellen Nylen, Monica V. Collins, Shirley S. Cosby, Vivien A. Phillips, Maynard R. Rasmussen, Paul R. Wozniak, Wade Rich, Kathy Arnell, Renee Bridge, Clarence Demetrio, Edward F. Bell, John A. Widness, Jonathan M. Klein, Karen J. Johnson, Shahnaz Duara, Ruth Everett-Thomas, Kristi L. Watterberg, Robin K. Ohls, Julie Rohr, Conra Backstrom Lacy, Dale L. Phelps, Nirupama Laroia, Linda J. Reubens, Erica Burnell, Pablo J. Sánchez, Charles R. Rosenfeld, Walid A. Salhab, James Allen, Alicia Guzman, Gaynelle Hensley, Melissa H. Lepps, Melissa Martin, Nancy A. Miller, Araceli Solis, Diana M. Vasil, Kerry Wilder, Kathleen A. Kennedy, Jon E. Tyson, Brenda H. Morris, Beverly Foley Harris, Anna E. Lis, Sarah Martin, Georgia E. McDavid, Patti L. Tate, Sharon L. Wright, Bradley A. Yoder, Roger G. Faix, Jill Burnett, Jennifer J. Jensen, Karen A. Osborne, Cynthia Spencer, Kimberlee Weaver-Lewis, T. Michael O'Shea, Nancy J. Peters, Beena G. Sood, Rebecca Bara, Elizabeth Billian, Mary Johnson, Richard A. Ehrenkranz, Harris C. Jacobs, Vineet Bhandari, Pat Cervone, Patricia Gettner, Monica Konstantino, JoAnn Poulsen, and Janet Taft

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Positive pressure, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, 030225 pediatrics, Fraction of inspired oxygen, medicine, Intubation, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Continuous positive airway pressure, Treatment Failure, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Gestational age, Pulmonary Surfactants, medicine.disease, Surgery, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Anesthesia, Infant, Extremely Premature, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Airway Extubation, Apgar score, Female, Morbidity, business, Infant, Premature
Abstract

Objectives To identify variables associated with successful elective extubation, and to determine neonatal morbidities associated with extubation failure in extremely preterm neonates. Study design This study was a secondary analysis of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network's Surfactant, Positive Pressure, and Oxygenation Randomized Trial that included extremely preterm infants born at 240/7 to 276/7 weeks' gestation. Patients were randomized either to a permissive ventilatory strategy (continuous positive airway pressure group) or intubation followed by early surfactant (surfactant group). There were prespecified intubation and extubation criteria. Extubation failure was defined as reintubation within 5 days of extubation. Results Of 1316 infants in the trial, 1071 were eligible; 926 infants had data available on extubation status; 538 were successful and 388 failed extubation. The rate of successful extubation was 50% (188/374) in the continuous positive airway pressure group and 63% (350/552) in the surfactant group. Successful extubation was associated with higher 5-minute Apgar score, and pH prior to extubation, lower peak fraction of inspired oxygen within the first 24 hours of age and prior to extubation, lower partial pressure of carbon dioxide prior to extubation, and non-small for gestational age status after adjustment for the randomization group assignment. Infants who failed extubation had higher adjusted rates of mortality (OR 2.89), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR 3.06), and death/ bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR 3.27). Conclusions Higher 5-minute Apgar score, and pH prior to extubation, lower peak fraction of inspired oxygen within first 24 hours of age, lower partial pressure of carbon dioxide and fraction of inspired oxygen prior to extubation, and nonsmall for gestational age status were associated with successful extubation. Failed extubation was associated with significantly higher likelihood of mortality and morbidities. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT00233324 .

Published
2017

7. Impact of Optimized Breastfeeding on the Costs of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Extremely Low Birthweight Infants

Author

Tarah T. Colaizy, Melissa C. Bartick, Briana J. Jegier, Brittany D. Green, Arnold G. Reinhold, Andrew J. Schaefer, Debra L. Bogen, Eleanor Bimla Schwarz, Alison M. Stuebe, Alan H. Jobe, William Oh, Betty R. Vohr, Rachel V. Walden, Barbara Alksninis, Angelita M. Hensman, Martha R. Leonard, Lucy Noel, Teresa M. Leach, Victoria E. Watson, Avroy A. Fanaroff, Michele C. Walsh, Deanne E. Wilson-Costello, Nancy S. Newman, Bonnie S. Siner, Harriet G. Friedman, Edward F. Donovan, Kurt Schibler, Jean J. Steichen, Barbara Alexander, Cathy Grisby, Marcia Worley Mersmann, Holly L. Mincey, Jody Hessling, Teresa L. Gratton, Barbara J. Stoll, Ira Adams-Chapman, Ellen C. Hale, Maureen Mulligan LaRossa, Sheena Carter, Rosemary D. Higgins, Linda L. Wright, Elizabeth M. McClure, Brenda B. Poindexter, James A. Lemons, Anna M. Dusick, Darlene Kardatzke, Carolyn Lytle, Diana D. Appel, Lon G. Bohnke, Greg Eaken, Dianne E. Herron, Lucy C. Miller, Leslie Richard, Leslie Dawn Wilson, Abhik Das, W. Kenneth Poole, Lisa Ann Wrage, Betty K. Hastings, Jeanette O'Donnell Auman, Sarah Taylor, David K. Stevenson, Susan R. Hintz, M. Bethany Ball, Jean G. Kohn, Joan M. Baran, Julie C. Lee-Ancajas, Nicholas H. St. John, Waldemar A. Carlo, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Kathleen G. Nelson, Myriam Peralta-Carcelen, Kirstin J. Bailey, Fred J. Biasini, Stephanie A. Chopko, Monica V. Collins, Shirley S. Cosby, Vivien A. Phillips, Richard V. Rector, Neil N. Finer, Yvonne E. Vaucher, Jack M. Anderson, Maynard R. Rasmussen, Kathy Arnell, Clarence Demetrio, Martha G. Fuller, Christopher Henderson, Donna Posin, Edward F. Bell, Charles R. Bauer, Shahnaz Duara, Amy Mur Worth, Ruth Everett-Thomas, Alexis N. Diaz, Elaine O. Mathews, Kasey Hamlin-Smith, Lisa Jean-Gilles, Maria Calejo, Silvia M. Frade, Silvia Hiriart-Fajardo, Yamiley Gideon, Sheldon B. Korones, Henrietta S. Bada, Tina Hudson, Kimberly Yolton, Marilyn G. Williams, Abbot R. Laptook, Walid A. Salhab, R. Sue Broyles, Susie Madison, Jackie F. Hickman, Alicia Guzman, Sally S. Adams, Linda A. Madden, Elizabeth T. Heyne, Cristin Dooley, Seetha Shankaran, Virginia Delaney-Black, Yvette R. Johnson, Rebecca Bara, Geraldine Muran, Deborah Kennedy, Laura A. Goldston, Richard A. Ehrenkranz, Patricia Gettner, Monica Konstantino, Elaine Romano, Nancy Close, Walter S. Gilliam, and JoAnn Poulsen

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Neonatal intensive care unit, Breastfeeding, Infant, Premature, Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Enterocolitis, Necrotizing, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Milk, Human, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Postmenstrual Age, Infant, Newborn, Health Care Costs, medicine.disease, Infant mortality, digestive system diseases, Infant Formula, United States, Low birth weight, Breast Feeding, Models, Economic, Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cohort, Necrotizing enterocolitis, medicine.symptom, business, Monte Carlo Method, Infant, Premature
Abstract

Objective To estimate risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants as a function of preterm formula (PF) and maternal milk intake and calculate the impact of suboptimal feeding on the incidence and costs of NEC. Study design We used aORs derived from the Glutamine Trial to perform Monte Carlo simulation of a cohort of ELBW infants under current suboptimal feeding practices, compared with a theoretical cohort in which 90% of infants received at least 98% human milk. Results NEC incidence among infants receiving ≥98% human milk was 1.3%; 11.1% among infants fed only PF; and 8.2% among infants fed a mixed diet ( P = .002). In adjusted models, compared with infants fed predominantly human milk, we found an increased risk of NEC associated with exclusive PF (aOR = 12.1, 95% CI 1.5, 94.2), or a mixed diet (aOR 8.7, 95% CI 1.2-65.2). In Monte Carlo simulation, current feeding of ELBW infants was associated with 928 excess NEC cases and 121 excess deaths annually, compared with a model in which 90% of infants received ≥98% human milk. These models estimated an annual cost of suboptimal feeding of ELBW infants of $27.1 million (CI $24 million, $30.4 million) in direct medical costs, $563 655 (CI $476 191, $599 069) in indirect nonmedical costs, and $1.5 billion (CI $1.3 billion, $1.6 billion) in cost attributable to premature death. Conclusions Among ELBW infants, not being fed predominantly human milk is associated with an increased risk of NEC. Efforts to support milk production by mothers of ELBW infants may prevent infant deaths and reduce costs.

Published
2015

8. Negative Regulation of Stat3 by Activating PTPN11 Mutants Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Noonan Syndrome and Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia*

Author

Xin-Yuan Fu, Zhong Yin Zhang, Weinian Shou, Zhenyun Yang, Wenjun Zhang, Fuqing Yin, Akira Moh, Yong Luo, Yantao He, Lucy C. Miller, Rebecca J. Chan, Hanying Chen, R. Mark Payne, and Xian Zhang

Subjects
STAT3 Transcription Factor, Myeloid, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11, Biology, Biochemistry, Models, Biological, Mice, medicine, Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology, Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic, Mechanisms of Signal Transduction, Noonan Syndrome, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Flow Cytometry, PTPN11, Haematopoiesis, Leukemia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile, Mutation, Cancer research, Noonan syndrome, Tyrosine, Bone marrow, Congenital disorder
Abstract

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant congenital disorder characterized by multiple birth defects including heart defects and myeloproliferative disease (MPD). Approximately 50% of NS patients have germline gain-of-function mutations in PTPN11, which encodes the protein-tyrosine phosphatase, Shp2. We provide evidence that conditional ablation of Stat3 in hematopoietic cells and cardiac valvular tissues leads to myeloid progenitor hyperplasia and pulmonary stenosis due to the leaflet thickening, respectively. Consistently, STAT3 activation is significantly compromised in peripheral blood cells from NS patients bearing Shp2-activating mutations. Biochemical and functional analyses demonstrate that activated Shp2 is able to down-regulate Tyr(P)-Stat3 and that constitutively active Stat3 rescues activating mutant Shp2-induced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor hypersensitivity in bone marrow cells. Collectively, our work demonstrates that Stat3 is an essential signaling component potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of NS and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia caused by PTPN11 gain-of-function mutations.

Published
2009

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