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This paper gives an overview of the Community Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CTDI) projects in 2009. Data from the 2010 report will be published when it is available. Box 1 at the end of this article gives treatment guidelines.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Delays in diagnosis and treatment increase morbidity and mortality from tuberculosis, and the risk of transmission in the community.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey at three TB treatment centres in Central Equatoria State, South Sudan. Smearpositive TB patients were enrolled in three study sites and interviewed within two days of beginning treatment using a structured questionnaire. This study was conducted to investigate factors that affect patient and health service delays in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Central Equatoria State.Results: 129 patients were enrolled in the study. The median patient’s, health provider’s and total pre-treatment periods are 4, 10 and 16 weeks respectively. The health care provider delay for patient diagnosis and start of treatment had the greatest contribution to overall total pre-treatment delayConclusions and recommendations: In Central Equatoria State, health care provider delay was the most frequent type of delay observed and was a major contributor to the overall total delay. This study indicated the need for strengthening the capacity of health workers for early detection and referral of TB patients. Further research is needed to identify reasons for health provider delay.Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, health service delays, South Sudan