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Scarcity of freshwater for agriculture has led to increased utilization of treated wastewater (TWW), establishing it as a significant and reliable source of irrigation water. However, years of research indicate that if not managed adequately, TWW may deleteriously affect soil functioning and plant productivity, and pose a hazard to human and environmental health. This review leverages the experience of researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers from Israel, the United-States, and Europe to present a holistic, multidisciplinary perspective on maximizing the benefits from municipal TWW use for irrigation. We specifically draw on the extensive knowledge gained in Israel, a world leader in agricultural TWW implementation. The first two sections of the work set the foundation for understanding current challenges involved with the use of TWW, detailing known and emerging agronomic and environmental issues (such as salinity and phytotoxicity) and public health risks (such as contaminants of emerging concern and pathogens). The work then presents solutions to address these challenges, including technological and agronomic management-based solutions as well as source control policies. The concluding section presents suggestions for the path forward, emphasizing the importance of improving links between research and policy, and better outreach to the public and agricultural practitioners. We use this platform as a call for action, to form a global harmonized data system that will centralize scientific findings on agronomic, environmental and public health effects of TWW irrigation. Insights from such global collaboration will help to mitigate risks, and facilitate more sustainable use of TWW for food production in the future.

This article explores opportunities to mitigate the performance impact of IOMMU on high-speed network traffic, as used in the Linux kernel. We first characterize IOTLB behavior and its effects on recent Intel Xeon Scalable & AMD EPYC processors at 200 Gbps, by analyzing the impact of different factors contributing to IOTLB misses and causing throughput drop (up to 20% compared to the no-IOMMU case in our experiments). Secondly, we discuss and analyze possible mitigations, including proposals and evaluation of a practical hugepage-aware memory allocator for the network device drivers to employ hugepage IOTLB entries in the Linux kernel. Our evaluation shows that using hugepage-backed buffers can completely recover the throughput drop introduced by IOMMU. Moreover, we formulate a set of guidelines that enable network developers to tune their systems to avoid the “IOTLB wall”, i.e., the point where excessive IOTLB misses cause throughput drop. Our takeaways signify the importance of having a call to arms to rethink Linux-based I/O management at higher data rates.

Pseudoaneurysms of the genicular arteries represent an extremely rare clinical occurrence. Nevertheless, young and athletic subjects, who are frequently exposed to direct joint trauma and subsequent reconstructive orthopedic surgery, are especially prone to developing these lesions. The aim of the present report was to describe two cases of a genicular artery pseudoaneurysm observed in young and healthy athletic male patients and successfully managed by surgical excision.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of TiO2 pellets for the photocatalytic oxidation of As(III) to As(V) under UV light with simultaneous adsorption of As(V) in a continuous packed bed photoreactor. In particular commercial cylindrical pellets of TiO2 were used as photocatalyst. Experimental photocatalytic tests were carried out in a cylindrical pyrex photoreactor (irradiated by UV-LEDs) which operates in continuous mode in order to treat aqueous solution contaminated with arsenic at different initial As(III) concentration. Preliminary tests conducted in a batch configuration showed that TiO2 pellets adsorb As(V) produced from the photoreaction, without leading to a deactivation of the active sites and evidencing that the As(V) produced is completely released into the solution. Moreover, TiO2 pellets maintained an excellent photoactivity and durability after several cycles making it a very promising catalyst to be employed in continuous reactors for the photocatalytic treatment of water polluted by arsenic, obtaining 98% As(III) oxidation yield after only 15 min of UV-LEDs irradiation. Moreover, the use of a continuous packed bed reactor filled with the stable TiO2 catalyst pellets irradiated by UV light allows to reach a steady state As(III) concentration without any deactivation phenomena. Finally, with 1 mg L-1 As(III) initial concentration, no As(V) release was observed from TiO2 surface during the irradiation time evidencing that the total arsenic removal could be achieved thanks to the photocatalytic properties and adsorption ability of the TiO2 pellets.

The aim of this work was to study photocatalysts based on Titania doped with Fe, active in the presence of visible light and effective in the oxidation of As(III) to As(V). Fe-doped TiO2 photocatatysts were prepared using sol-gel method and characterized by different techniques, such as XRD, UV-Vis DRS and Raman spectroscopy. Photocatalytic experiments were carried out using a cylindrical photoreactor irradiated with a strip of visible-LEDs (nominal power: 10W) with emission in the range 400 - 600 nm. Aqueous samples containing 6 mg L-1 of As(III) were used in photocatalytic experiments. Chemical-physical characterization results evidenced that the doping of TiO2 with Fe induced a decrease of band gap value from 3.2 eV to 2.9 eV, thus making the photocatalyst active under visible light. Consistently with the characterization results, the semiconductor Fe-doped TiO2 exhibited good photoactivity in the visible light driven tests: the complete oxidation of As(III) to As(V) took place after only 30 min of irradiation in distilled water and after 60 min in drinking water.