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The 2022–2023 mpox outbreak predominantly affected adult men; 1.3% of reported cases were in children and adolescents

Violence against women or gender-based violence (GBV) is a significant public health issue facing women and girls in different settings. It is reported to have worsened globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on increased violence against women in general, which has been reported in many settings globally, there is a paucity of evidence of its impact on violence against highly vulnerable women living with HIV or tuberculosis (TB). Using a qualitative design, this study aimed to explore the views and experiences of women living with HIV (n = 19) or TB (n = 23) in Timor Leste regarding the GBV they faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. They were recruited using the snowballing sampling technique. Data were collected using one-on-one, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The five steps of qualitative data analysis suggested in Ritchie and Spencer's analysis framework were employed to guide the analysis of the findings. Findings indicated that women in this study experienced intensified physical, verbal, sexual and psychological violence by their partners, spouses, in-laws, and parents or other family members during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several prominent risk factors that worsened violence against women during the pandemic were (i) HIV or TB-positive status, (ii) traditional gender roles or responsibilities and expectations, (iii) economic and financial difficulties reflected in the loss of jobs and incomes due to the pandemic, and (iv) individual factors such as jealousy and increased alcohol drinking developed during the lockdowns. The women's experience of GBV during the pandemic also led to various negative psychological impacts. The findings underscore the urgent need for multifaceted interventions to address GBV, which should encompass challenging traditional gender norms, addressing economic inequalities, and targeting individual-level risk factors. The findings also indicate the need for the development of robust monitoring and evaluation systems to assess the effectiveness of policies and interventions addressing GBV where the results can inform future improvement. The findings also indicate the need to include GBV in the protocol or guidelines for HIV and TB management. Future large-scale quantitative studies to capture the magnitude and specific drivers of GBV against women living with HIV and TB during the pandemic are recommended.

This work aims to characterise the chemical composition of Roman opaque red glass sectilia dated to the 2nd century A.D and to shed light on Roman glassmaking production of different shades of red, from red to reddish-brown. Due to the lack of technical historical sources for this period many questions about technological aspects still remain. In this project a multi-disciplinary approach is in progress to investigate the red glass sectilia with several red hues from the Imperial Villa of Lucius Verus (161−169 A.D.) in Rome. First, colorimetric measurements were taken to identify the various red hues. The second step was chemical characterization of the samples and the identification of crystalline colouring phases. Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) analysis was used to investigate the chemical composition of these glass samples, while the crystalline phases were identified by Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electrons Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM-EDS). Using SEM-EDS nanoparticles were detected as a colouring agent, the chemical composition and the morphology of which has been studied in depth. This information has been compared with the colorimetric analysis to establish any correlation with the different colour hues.

O tubo de acesso ao ninho das abelhas sem ferrão está relacionado com a defesa, forrageamento e regulação físico-química, através do controle da temperatura e circulação de ar dentro da colônia. Por isso, sua abertura e fechamento provoca um conflito (Trade-off) sobre o tamanho da entrada do ninho e a segurança da colônia. Este trabalho descreve o processo de abertura e fechamento do tubo de acesso em diferentes períodos do ano, e fornece informações importantes sobre a atividade de forrageamento de Nannotrigona testaceicornis (Lepeletier). Durante o trabalho, conduzido no campus da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais, Brasil) foram realizadas 41 observações, 27 realizadas no período quente e húmido (de outubro até março) e 14 no período frio e seco (abril até setembro), totalizando 172 horas de observação. Pode-se observar que o tempo gasto durante o fechamento foi significativamente mais longo durante o período quente e úmido (χ² = 7,50; p < 0,0062), do que durante o período frio e seco. O tempo de fechamento do tubo mais longo no período quente e úmido, e mais rápido durante o período frio foi regulado pelo ritmo de atividade externa das abelhas, que são influenciadas pelos fatores climáticos. Por isso, o processo de abertura e fechamento sofre alterações durante os diferentes períodos do ano. Desta forma, este trabalho fornece importantes informações sobre a biologia desta espécie, que podem ser empregadas em seu manejo, aumentar sua utilização em atividades comerciais e diminuir a perda de operárias durante a migração das colônias. Biology of Opening and Closing the Access tube Nannotrigona testaceicornis (Lepeletier) (Apidae: Meliponini) Abstract. The bee nest’s access tube relates to its defense, forage and physicochemical regulation through temperature and air circulation control. Therefore, it’s opening and closing causes a conflict (Trade-off) in the size of the nest’s opening and the colony’s safety. This paper describes the process of opening and closing of the access tube in different times of the year and provides important information about the foraging behavior of Nannotrigona testaceicornis (Lepeletier). During this work, conducted in the Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora campus (Minas Gerais, Brasil), 41 observations were performed, of which 27 took place during the hot and humid season (from October to March) and 14 during the cold and dry season (from April to September), totaling 172 hours of observation. It was seen that the time spent in closing was significantly longer in the hot and humid season (χ² = 7.50; p < 0.0062), than in the cold and dry season. The longer closing time of the tube during the hot season and shorter in the cold season was regulated by the bee’s external activity rhythm, which is influenced by climatic factors. Thus, the opening and closing processes suffers alterations during the different seasons of the year. Accordingly, this paper shows important information about the species’ biology, information that may be used on its handling, increase its use on commercial activities and decrease the loss of workers during colony migration.

The gelation of cellulose in alkali solutions is quite relevant, but still a poorly understood process. Moreover, the role of certain additives, such as urea, is not consensual among the community. Therefore, in this work, an unusual set of characterization methods for cellulose solutions, such as cryo-transmission electronic microscopy (cryo-TEM), polarization transfer solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (PTssNMR) and diffusion wave spectroscopy (DWS) were employed to study the role of urea on the dissolution and gelation processes of cellulose in aqueous alkali. Cryo-TEM reveals that the addition of urea generally reduces the presence of undissolved cellulose fibrils in solution. These results are consistent with PTssNMR data, which show the reduction and in some cases the absence of crystalline portions of cellulose in solution, suggesting a pronounced positive effect of the urea on the dissolution efficiency of cellulose. Both conventional mechanical macrorheology and microrheology (DWS) indicate a significant delay of gelation induced by urea, being absent until ca. 60 °C for a system containing 5 wt % cellulose, while a system without urea gels at a lower temperature. For higher cellulose concentrations, the samples containing urea form gels even at room temperature. It is argued that since urea facilitates cellulose dissolution, the high entanglement of the cellulose chains in solution (above the critical concentration, C*) results in a strong three-dimensional network.

O conceito de espaço socialmente organizado, subsidiado por novas técnicas de análise, mapeamento e espacialização da ocorrência de eventos, tem orientado desenvolvimentos metodológicos inovadores no campo das intervenções de saúde pública. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a utilização de um indicador sócio-ambiental, construído através da metodologia de aplicação de escores, na estratificação do Município de Olinda, Pernambuco, em áreas com diferentes riscos de transmissão da filariose bancroftiana. Procedeu-se ao mapeamento das áreas, localização dos domicílios amostrados e identificação de todos os moradores com idade entre 5 e 65 anos para realização do inquérito parasitológico. Dentre as 3.232 pessoas examinadas, 42 foram positivas, obtendo-se prevalência de microfilaremia de 1,3%. A análise estatística global da distribuição dos casos mostrou evidências de agregação espacial. Nos dois estratos de mais alto risco de transmissão residiam 85,7% dos positivos. A alta sensibilidade do indicador proposto justifica a sua utilização para o planejamento e execução de intervenções ao predizer o local de ocorrência da maioria dos casos de filariose.The concept of a "socially organized space" supported by new analytical techniques and mapping of health events has guided innovative methodological developments in public health interventions. This study aimed to evaluate a social/environmental indicator constructed with a scoring methodology to stratify areas in the city of Olinda by different levels of risk for Bancroftian filariasis transmission. The study mapped areas and the location of sample households and identified all residents ages 5 to 65 years as part of the parasitological survey. Among the 3,232 individuals who had blood samples taken, 42 were microfilaremic (1.3% prevalence). Global statistical analysis of filarial case distribution has suggested spatial clustering. Some 85.7% of positive individuals resided in the two strata with the highest transmission risk. The high sensitivity of the proposed indicator for predicting the places where the vast majority of filariasis cases occurred justifies its use in planning and implementing interventions.

Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV) and previously found primarily in forested areas of Central and West Africa (2,2). In May 2022, a multicountry outbreak of [...]

With stakeholders seeking for reducing the uncertainties in construction projects, the application of risk management has gained increased interest over the past decades, with a particular emphasis on the risk management process. However, very little attention has been given to the framework that supports the implementation of risk management processes within the construction sector. One of the most relevant particularities of the ISO 31000:2009 standard1, on risk management - principles and guidelines, is the promotion of a risk management framework overseeing the implementation of risk management processes. The present paper proposes a risk management framework for the construction industry, taking into due consideration the specificities of construction-related companies and construction projects seeking to integrate risk management within their overall management system.

Context: The fate of kids born in dairy goat production systems is a growing concern. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the carcass characteristics and meat quality of Saanen and Saanen × Boer goat kids slaughtered at 30 and 60 days of age. Methods: We used 32 entire male goats, suckler and with access to solid food from 30 to 60 days, distributed in a completely randomised design, in a 2 (breed) × 2 (age at slaughter) factorial arrangement. We evaluated animal performance, carcass characteristics, instrumental analyses of the Quadriceps femoral muscle, and consumer perception. Key results: There was no interaction between breed and age of the goats (P > 0.05) on the initial and final liveweight, weight gain, cold carcass weight, hot carcass weight, and hot and cold carcass yields. However, age at slaughter influenced these variables (P < 0.05). The breed did not influence pH, meat colour, water-retention capacity, weight loss by cooking, or shear force (P > 0.05). However, shear force increased when goats were slaughtered at 60 days of age (P < 0.05). The muscle pH determined at 24 h after slaughter, and lipid oxidation, were lower in the meat of goats slaughtered at 60 days of age (P < 0.05), but did not differ between breeds. Higher consumer scores for flavour and appearance (P < 0.05) were attributed to the meat of crossbred animals in sensory analysis. Conclusions: Slaughtering goat kids at 60 days of age (versus 30 days of age) is an alternative for improving some aspects of meat quality. We recommend crossing Saanen × Boer to increase consumer acceptance of meat. Implications: This study is important for Saanen goat kids producers to understand that crossbreeding with the Boer breed improves carcass characteristics and meat acceptance by consumers. We compared Saanen and Saanen × Boer kid meats and found that the Saanen × Boer crossbreed contributes to increased carcass yield and greater acceptance of the meat by consumers. When comparing different slaughter ages (30 and 60 days), we observed that the carcass fat content increased and lipid oxidation in the meat decreased when the kids were slaughtered at 60 days of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O conceito de espaço socialmente organizado, subsidiado por novas técnicas de análise, mapeamento e espacialização da ocorrência de eventos, tem orientado desenvolvimentos metodológicos inovadores no campo das intervenções de saúde pública. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a utilização de um indicador sócio-ambiental, construído através da metodologia de aplicação de escores, na estratificação do Município de Olinda, Pernambuco, em áreas com diferentes riscos de transmissão da filariose bancroftiana. Procedeu-se ao mapeamento das áreas, localização dos domicílios amostrados e identificação de todos os moradores com idade entre 5 e 65 anos para realização do inquérito parasitológico. Dentre as 3.232 pessoas examinadas, 42 foram positivas, obtendo-se prevalência de microfilaremia de 1,3%. A análise estatística global da distribuição dos casos mostrou evidências de agregação espacial. Nos dois estratos de mais alto risco de transmissão residiam 85,7% dos positivos. A alta sensibilidade do indicador proposto justifica a sua utilização para o planejamento e execução de intervenções ao predizer o local de ocorrência da maioria dos casos de filariose.

O conceito de espaço socialmente organizado, subsidiado por novas técnicas de análise, mapeamento e espacialização da ocorrência de eventos, tem orientado desenvolvimentos metodológicos inovadores no campo das intervenções de saúde pública. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a utilização de um indicador sócio-ambiental, construído através da metodologia de aplicação de escores, na estratificação do Município de Olinda, Pernambuco, em áreas com diferentes riscos de transmissão da filariose bancroftiana. Procedeu-se ao mapeamento das áreas, localização dos domicílios amostrados e identificação de todos os moradores com idade entre 5 e 65 anos para realização do inquérito parasitológico. Dentre as 3.232 pessoas examinadas, 42 foram positivas, obtendo-se prevalência de microfilaremia de 1,3%. A análise estatística global da distribuição dos casos mostrou evidências de agregação espacial. Nos dois estratos de mais alto risco de transmissão residiam 85,7% dos positivos. A alta sensibilidade do indicador proposto justifica a sua utilização para o planejamento e execução de intervenções ao predizer o local de ocorrência da maioria dos casos de filariose.