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Epstein–Barr virus-positive ulcer (EBV + U) is a recently reported B cell lymphoproliferative disorder in the oral cavity, oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract and skin, principally in immunosuppressed patients. A 53-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate, presenting ulcers of unknown duration on the dorsum and the lateral left border of the tongue. Excisional biopsy, histopathological analysis and histochemical stains for syphilis (Warthin–Starry), mycotic diseases (Grocott silver methenamine), tuberculosis (Ziehl–Neelsen), immunohistochemistry tests for herpesvirus type 8 (CMV), EBV (LMP-1) and DNA extraction for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to CMV, EBV and herpes simplex virus-1 were performed. Posterior to PCR assay, the final diagnosis was EBV + U in the oral cavity. Acyclovir® was prescribed, showing clinical improvement. A case of EBV + U with clinical characteristics similar to other lesions or conditions has been reported. Special assays are necessary for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is the presence of cells of an abnormal type within a tissue, which may signify a stage preceding the development of cancer. Our aim was to determine the interrelation between the expression of multiple molecular markers and the histological features of oral dysplasia. METHODS Fifteen samples of OED (five for each severity degree) were analyzed through software assisted image cytometry nuclear morphology. p53 (wildtype and mutated form), Bax and Bcl2 expression was immunohistochemically determined, and the gene expression of MMP1, MMP2,MMP9 and hTERT was determined by RT-PCR. The mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and Fisher´s exact test (p

BACKGROUND Odontomas are odontogenic tumors with hamartoma features that are classified as compound or complex. Our objective was to characterize the proliferation of ectodermal and ectomesenchymal profile markers of primary cell cultures of complex and compound odontomas. METHODS Four samples of compound odontomas (OdCm) and three of complex odontomas (OdCx) were obtained from patients attending the Oral Pathology and Medicine Clinic of the Graduate Dental School, National Autonomous University of Mexico for primary culture generation. MTT, immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR assays of CD34, Sox2, Amel, Ambn, p21, EDAR, Msx1, Msx2, Pax9, RUNX2, BSP, OPN, Barx1 and GAPDH (control) were performed. Additionally, six paraffin-embedded odontomas were obtained for immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR validation assays. The mean and standard deviation were determined, and ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis tests were performed. RESULTS Cultured compound odontoma exhibited higher proliferation, and an ectomesenchymal immunocytochemistry profile with predominant expression of Amel, BSP, Pax9, EDAR, Barx and Msx2; in complex cultured odontoma Sox2, CD34, RUNX2 and OPN predominated. Our statistical analysis showed a significant difference in PCR analysis (P

Objective To present a primitive monophasic sarcoma of the mandible in a young male with spindle-cell predominant component and non-specific immunohistochemical phenotype. Uncertain origin sarcomas are a very complex and heterogeneous group of neoplasms, categorized by their undetermined histogenesis and peculiar morphological features; generally associated to a specific translocation. This type of sarcomas has not sufficient clinical and diagnostic information because its low frequency in this site. Case report A 23-year-old male presented with slow-progressive mobility and tooth loss associated with gingival enlargement in the third quadrant. Local examination showed a firm mass of approximately 5 × 4 cm in the body of the mandible. X-ray examination revealed an extensive ill-defined radiolucency on the left side of the mandibular body. CT-scan assessed bone and soft tissue infiltration. Hemimandibulectomy was performed and gross examination consisted of a solid nodular mass. Microscopically a monotonous spindle-cell lesion with fascicular pattern was observed, hypercellular areas and hemangiopericytoid-like vessels were the predominant component. The neoplastic cells displayed pleomorphic nuclear features with vesicular chromatin. A wide immuhohistochemical panel was performed showing reactivity for Calponin, CD68, CD99, Bcl-2, TLE-1, NSE, FLI-1, WT1, PTEN and 40% Ki67 index. Conclusion Despite of the high sensitivity, antibodies are not conclusive for an accurate diagnosis. Molecular techniques were required to establish this entity with great implication in patient management. Complete assesment of undifferentiated sarcomas should include clinical/radiological correlation, histopathology, immunohistochemical staining and genetic confirmation.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate caries and dental fluorosis among Mexican preschoolers and school-aged children in a non-endemic zone for fluorosis and to measure its biological indicators. Methods. DMFT, DMFS, dmft, dmfs, and CDI indexes were applied. Fluoride urinary excretion and fluoride concentrations in home water, table salt, bottled water, bottled drinks, and toothpaste were determined. Results. Schoolchildren presented fluorosis (CDI = 0.96) and dental caries (DMFT = 2.64 and DMFS = 3.97). Preschoolers presented dmft = 4.85 and dmfs = 8.80. DMFT and DMFS were lower in children with mild to moderate dental fluorosis (DF). Variable fluoride concentrations were found in the analyzed products (home water = 0.18–0.44 ppm F, table salt = 0–485 ppm F, bottled water = 0.18–0.47 ppm F, juices = 0.08–1.42 ppm F, nectars = 0.07–1.30 ppm F, bottled drinks = 0.10–1.70 ppm F, toothpaste = 0–2,053 ppm F). Mean daily fluoride excretion was 422 ± 176 µg/24 h for schoolchildren and 367 ± 150 µg/24 h for preschoolers. Conclusions. Data from our study show that, despite values of excretion within an optimal fluoride intake range, the prevalence of caries was significant in both groups, and 60% of the 11- to 12-year-old children presented with dental fluorosis. In addition, variable fluoride concentrations in products frequently consumed by children were found.

Excessive fluoride ingestion has been identified as a risk factor for fluorosis and oxidative stress. The oxidative stress results from the loss of equilibrium between oxidative and antioxidative mechanisms that can produce kinase activation, mitochondrial disturbance and DNA fragmentation, resulting in apoptosis. Actually many people are exposed to no-adverted fluoride consumption in acute or chronic way. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sodium fluoride on first molar germ in relation to its effect on antioxidative enzymes immunoexpression and apoptosis. Thirty first molar germs from 1-day-old Balb/c mice were cultured for 24 h with sodium fluoride (0 mM, 1 mM and 5 mM). Immunoexpression determination of CuZnSod, MnSod, catalase, Bax, Bid, caspase 8, caspase 9, caspase 3 and TUNEL assay were performed. Cellular disorganization in ameloblast and odontoblast-papilla zones was observed. CuZnSod and MnSod immunoexpression decrease in experimental groups. Caspase 8, caspase 3, Bax, Bid increase expression and more TUNEL positive cells in both experimental groups than control, suggest that apoptosis induced by fluoride is related to oxidative stress due to reduction of the enzymatic antioxidant.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequent type of benign salivary neoplasm located in the mouth and is characterized by its significant histopathological diversity. The histogenesis of the pleomorphic adenoma is uncertain; so far several studies suggest that myoepithelial cells are responsible for the variable histomorphology of this type of neoplasm. At times, stroma is the predominant element. The purpose of the present review is to analyze the results reported in the scientific literature concerning immunomarkers expressed in the different stromal elements of pleomorphic adenoma.

The authors (Garcia Carrancá A, Zentero Galindo E, Jiménez Farfán MD and Hernandez Guerrero JC) express that one of the figures of the original article (Jacinto-Alemán LF, García-Carrancá A, LeybaHuerta ER, Zenteno-Galindo E, Jiménez-Farfán MD, Hernández-Guerrero JC. erbB expression changes in ethanol and 7,12- dimethylbenz (a)anthracene-induced oral carcinogenesis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013 Mar 1;18(2):e325-31.) corresponding to Western blots have not been found and the voluntary alteration of this figure is evident. The coauthors Alejandro García Carranca, Edgar Zenteno Galindo, Maria Dolores Jiménez Farfán and Juan Carlos Hernández Guerrero have made the decision to take back what has been published, as they have come to the conclusion, that at least this result is false. The editor declare that the journal had the signed copyright by the authors when the article was initially published. This copyright document certifies that the undersigned authors warrants that the article is original; is not under consideration by another publication; and its tables or figures have not been previously published. The authors confirmed that the final article had been read and each author´s contribution had been approved by the appropriate author. The editor has made the decision to retract the article due to the above comments of some authors against the rest. The editors apologize to the readers and reviewers of Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal for the inconvenience caused by the authors of the article.

La halitosis significa la emisión de un olor desagradable de la cavidad bucal. Aproximadamente el 90% de los casos son debidos al estado de salud bucal. Los compuestos volátiles de sulfuro (CVS) constituyen al componente mayor de la halitosis; estos son producidos por bacterias anaerobias del dorso lingual y/o bolsas peridontales. Se sabe que enjuagues bucales con agentes antimicrobianos son eficaces para su tratamiento sin embargo la diversidad comercial representa un problema de elección. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la efectividad y sustantividad de tres enjuagues bucales comerciales contra la halitosis a corto plazo. Materiales y Métodos: Este estudio consistió en 78 participantes que fueron divididos aleatoriamente en un grupo control y tres experimentales. Se realizaron mediciones organolépticas y niveles de CVS basales, se realizó en enjuague bucal, mediciones posteriores (1ra, 3ra y 24 horas) y análisis estadístico. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que los grupos Aceites Esenciales y Cloruro de Cetilpiridinio presentaron reducción significativa (p

Los mecanismos de defensa dentinopulpar involucran una variedad de sistemas biológicos, en donde el sistema inmunológico juega un papel principal. La identificación de células dendríticas (CD) ha generado un sinnúmero de investigaciones para comprender cómo un antígeno puede activar una respuesta inmunológica en la pulpa. El propósito de este estudio fue el realizar la cuantificación y observación de la distribución de CD HLA-DR+ en el tejido pulpar clínicamente sano e inflamado en grado irreversible. Las observaciones inmunohistoquímicas en pulpas clínicamente sanas mostraron una distribución muy marcada en la zona odontoblástica. Por otra parte, las observaciones en pulpas clínicamente inflamadas en grado irreversible mostraron una distribución y número irregular por todo el tejido, sugiriendo su actividad en la pulpa dental.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze table salt available in Mexico City's market to identify the fluoride concentrations and to compare these with the Mexican regulations. Methods We analyzed 44 different brands of table salt. All samples were purchased at random in different stores, supermarkets, and groceries from Mexico City's metropolitan area and analyzed in triplicate in three different laboratories (nine determinations per sample) with an Orion 720 A potentiometer and an Orion 9609 BN ion-specific electrode. Results Fluoride concentration in the samples varied from 0 ppm to 485 ppm. It was found that fluoride concentration varied widely among the analyzed brands. Also, we found that fluoride concentration in 92 percent of the analyzed samples did not match with that printed on the label. Only 6.8 percent of the analyzed samples contained fluoride concentrations that meet Mexican and WHO regulations. Conclusions The broad variation in the analyzed samples suggests that Mexican Public Health authorities must implement more stringent regulation guidelines and procedures for controlling the distribution of salt and its fluoride concentration for human consumption.

P127. Expression of erbB, ERK, AKT, c-Fos, c-Jun and NF-kb in oral carcinogenesis golden Syria hamster model with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and alcohol L.-F. Jacinto-Aleman *, M.-D. Jimenez-Farfan , E.-R. Leyba-Huerta , A. Garcia-Carranca , J.-C. Hernandez-Guerrero a Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Facultad de Odontologia, DEPeI, Mexico Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto Investigaciones Biomedicas, Mexico c Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico