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El presente artículo consiste en la descripción de la experiencia durante más de treinta años de trabajo en la actividad física y el deporte enfocada a personas con limitaciones visuales severas dentro de la estructura de la Federación Española de Deportes para Ciegos y la influencia que esta actividad tiene en cualquiera de sus facetas en el desarrollo integral, gracias a la autonomía personal que se adquiere. Para tener un enfoque claro del contexto deportivo, es necesario hacer una descripción de los diferentes objetivos y metodología para no caer en el error de que todo es deporte de competición, sino que también se practica actividad física para la salud, ocio, deporte de base, etc. La consulta de bibliografía especializada, y la observación de la evolución a través de los años de muchos deportistas, facilita una visión muy amplia de cómo los niños y jóvenes con limitaciones visuales desarrollan sus habilidades para desenvolverse en la vida y en la sociedad, y de cómo se puede mejorar con la práctica física y deportiva. Lo que puede llevar a la conclusión, no científica, de que las personas que han practicado algún deporte pueden tener mayor autonomía personal y mejor calidad de vida.

colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent tumors in terms of incidence and mortality. Several elements, both inherited and environmental, have been related with its pathogenesis.to analyze the influence of age, gender and nutritional factors on the diagnosis of colonic polyps and CRC.a prospective, descriptive study over outpatients from the Health Area of León who took a colonoscopy between 09/09/2012 and 06/30/2013. Patients were asked to fill a semiquantitative food frecuency questionnaire with data such a sociodemographic, toxic and dietetic facts. Differences in diagnosis according to sociodemographic and hygiene-dietetic data were analyzed with a multivariate analysis by forward stepwise logistic regression.data were collected from 1390 patients. Mean age was 57.88 (15.17) years and 47.8 % were male. CRC was diagnosed in 5 % of colonoscopies, and polyps in 20.4 %, with 9.4 % of them being HRA. Risk of polyps and HRA was higher in males (26.9 % vs 14.5 %) and (12.6 % vs 6.3 %), respectively (p0.001). Mean age was significantly higher in patients who presented polyps (56.51 (15.45) vs 63.22 (12.69) years; p0.001). Among the group who reported intake of smoked and salted food, the risk of polyps doubled (2.9 % vs 6.7 %, p = 0.002). In relation to alcohol intake we found that subjects with daily alcohol consumption showed a higher incidence of polyps whe compared to occasional drinkers and teetotallers (32 % vs 20 % vs 18.6 %, p = 0.002) Conclusions: age correlated with higher risk of polyps, HRA and CRC. Moreover, male gender also was associated with a high risk of polyps and HRA. Alcohol and red and processed meat intake increased polyp risk.

Celiac disease (CD) is a genetically predisposed, T cell-mediated and autoimmune-like disorder caused by dietary exposure to the storage proteins of wheat and related cereals. A gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only treatment available for CD. The celiac immune response mediated by CD4+ T-cells can be assessed with a short-term oral gluten challenge. This study aimed to determine whether the consumption of bread made using flour from a low-gluten RNAi wheat line (named E82) can activate the immune response in DQ2.5-positive patients with CD after a blind crossover challenge. The experimental protocol included assessing IFN-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms, and measuring gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in stool samples. The response of PBMCs was not significant to gliadin and the 33-mer peptide after E82 bread consumption. In contrast, PBMCs reacted significantly to Standard bread. This lack of immune response is correlated with the fact that, after E82 bread consumption, stool samples from patients with CD showed very low levels of GIP, and the symptoms were comparable to those of the GFD. This pilot study provides evidence that bread from RNAi E82 flour does not elicit an immune response after a short-term oral challenge and could help manage GFD in patients with CD., This research was funded by The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Project PID2019-110847RB-I00), Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, Junta de Andalucía (Project P20_01005), and “ERDF A way of making Europe”, by the “European Union”.

[Backgound] The ingestion of wheat and other cereals are related to several gut disorders. The specific components responsible for non-celiac wheat-sensitivity (NCWS) may include gluten and other compounds. Tritordeum is a new cereal derived from crossing durum wheat with a wild barley species, which differs from bread wheat in its gluten composition. In the present work, we examined the response of NCWS patients to tritordeum bread Gastrointestinal symptoms as well as tritordeum acceptability, gluten immunogenic peptides excretion, and the composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota were evaluated., [Results] Gastrointestinal symptoms of the subjects showed no significant change between the gluten-free bread and the tritordeum bread. Participating subjects rated tritordeum bread higher than the gluten-free bread. Analysis of the bacterial gut microbiota indicated that tritordeum consumption does not alter the global structure and composition of the intestinal microbiota, and only a few changes in some butyrate-producing bacteria were observed. [Conclusions] All the results derived from acceptability, biochemical and microbiological tests suggest that tritordeum may be tolerated by a sub-set of NCWS sufferers who do not require strict exclusion of gluten from their diet. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry., This research was funded by Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidad, project AT-5985 and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER).

Los avances en el conocimiento de la enfermedad celiaca han permitido disponer de marcadores para el diagnostico como los anticuerpos antitransglutaminasa tisular y antigliadina deaminada. La amplia disponibilidad de estos anticuerpos junto con los estudios geneticos del HLA-DQ y la biopsia duodenal constituyen los pilares para el diagnostico definitivo. Sin embargo, en ocasiones surgen dificultades tanto en el diagnostico como en el seguimiento del paciente celiaco que no se resuelven con estas herramientas. En este articulo se revisa la evidencia cientifica junto con la posible utilidad clinica de diferentes biomarcadores. Se ha estructurado la revision en aquellos que han sido evaluados desde el punto de vista fisiopatologico en relacion con el dano intestinal o la respuesta inmunologica, junto con la utilidad clinica que pudieran tener en el diagnostico y seguimiento de la enfermedad celiaca.

Resumen El unico tratamiento aceptado para la enfermedad celiaca es el seguimiento de forma estricta de la dieta sin gluten. Este tipo de dieta puede ocasionar una disminucion de la calidad de vida de los pacientes, dificultades sociales y economicas. Por lo tanto, son frecuentes las transgresiones dieteticas que pueden perpetuar el dano intestinal. En los ultimos anos se han desarrollado numerosos tratamientos, dirigidos hacia diferentes dianas en la patogenia de la enfermedad celiaca: modificacion del gluten para conseguir un gluten no inmunogenico, terapias endoluminales que degraden el gluten en la luz intestinal, favorecer la tolerancia al gluten, modulacion de la permeabilidad intestinal o regulacion de la respuesta inmune adaptativa. En esta revision se evaluan estas lineas terapeuticas que se estan investigando para la enfermedad celiaca y los tratamientos enfocados al control de las complicaciones de la enfermedad, como la enfermedad celiaca refractaria.

Background and Aim The first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with coeliac disease are the main risk group for disease development. The study aims to evaluate the screening strategy in FDRs with negative coeliac serology based on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping, followed by duodenal biopsy, and to analyze the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the influence of gluten intake. Methods Adult FDRs with negative coeliac serology were invited to participate (n = 205), and a total of 139 completed the study protocol. HLA genotyping, transglutaminase antibody assessment, and duodenal biopsy were performed. Symptomatology was assessed using questionnaires during the various phases of dietary modification (baseline diet, gluten-free diet, and gluten overload). Results The study included 139 participants (mean age, 42 years; 53.2% women). HLA-DQ2/8 was positive in 78.4% of the participants (homozygous, 15.1%; heterozygous, 63.3%). Histopathological alterations were noted in 37.1% of participants who underwent duodenal biopsy (Marsh I, 32.7%; Marsh IIIa, 4.4%). At baseline, symptoms were observed in 45.7% of the participants, and the proportion decreased to 24.5% after the gluten-free diet (P

Tritordeum is a novel cereal obtained from the hybridization between durum wheat and a wild barley. This study evaluates acceptance, digestibility and immunotoxic properties of tritordeum, a novel cereal for food processing. Nineteen healthy volunteers participated in a study with different diets to compare tritordeum bread with wheat and gluten-free breads.; Results: Tritordeum breads had a similar acceptance to the wheat bread usually consumed, and the acceptance was significantly higher than the gluten-free bread and standardized wheat bread supplied in the study. There was no evidence for gastrointestinal symptoms among volunteers during the study. The reductions in the numbers of immunogenic epitopes in tritordeum in comparison with wheat were 78% for α-gliadins, 57% for γ-gliadins and 93% for ω-gliadins. The analysis of gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in stool samples showed a significantly lower excretion in the tritordeum ingestion phase than in the wheat ingestion phase.; Conclusions: These results suggest that tritordeum may be an option of interest for general food processing, and especially for those who want to reduce their intake of gluten. However, it is not suitable for celiac disease sufferers as it contains gluten. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Objective To identify, purify, and characterize the proteins responsible for glutenase activity in the feces of healthy subjects and patients with celiac disease (CD). Methods Sixteen subjects were included in this study; 8 were healthy with no known food intolerances, and 8 were treated CD patients on a gluten-free diet. Fecal samples were homogenized, and precipitated proteins were purified by chromatography. Glutenase activity was evaluated by bioassays, zymography, and high-performance liquid chromatography with immunogenic 33-mer, 19-mer, and 13-mer gliadin peptides. Results The gastrointestinal elastase 3B (CEL3B), elastase 2A (CEL2A), and carboxypeptidase A1 (CBPA1) enzymes degraded human gluten. These proteins fully hydrolyzed 13-mer and 19-mer gliadin peptides that trigger immune-mediated enteropathy in individuals genetically predisposed to CD and partially digested a 33-mer. Feces from patients with CD showed more glutenase activity than feces from individuals without CD (171–466% higher). Peptidase activity against the gliadin peptides also increased in patients with CD. Conclusion The digestive tracts of patients with CD and healthy subjects have enzymatic machinery needed for gluten degradation. Patients with CD showed more gluten hydrolysis than did healthy individuals, although, in both cases, a fraction of 33-mer peptide remained intact. Gliadin peptides derived from gastrointestinal digestion, especially the 33-mer, can potentially be used by commensal microbiota from both CD-positive and CD-negative individuals, and differences in bacterial hydrolysis can modify its immunogenic capacity., Highlights • Protein from human faeces degrade gluten and gliadin-derived peptides. • Specific gastrointestinal proteases are involved in gliadin degradation. • Celiac patients can completely to degrade the 19- and 13-mer gliadin-derived peptides.

When a two-dimensional material, adhered onto a compliant substrate, is subjected to compression it can undergo a buckling instability yielding to a periodic rippling. Interestingly, when black phosphorus (bP) flakes are compressed along the zig-zag crystal direction, the flake buckles forming ripples with a 40% longer period than that obtained when the compression is applied along the armchair direction. This anisotropic buckling stems from the puckered honeycomb crystal structure of bP and a quantitative analysis of the ripple period allows the determination of the Youngs's modulus of few-layer bP along the armchair direction (E = 35.1 ± 6.3 GPa) and the zig-zag direction (E = 93.3 ± 21.8 GPa)., This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement no.755655, ERC-StG 2017 project 2D-TOPSENSE). RF acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness through a Juan de la Cierva Formación fellowship (2017 FJCI-2017-32919). We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).

Polypharmacy is a frequent phenomenon. For that reason, drugs side effects are increasing, including lesions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Multiple drugs can induce damage to the GI mucosa. NSAIDs are the most characteristic, however there are other drugs, that can cause a harmful effect in the digestive tract, such as iron. We present the case of a 91-year-old man with hematemesis due to iron intake.

[Introduction] The only available effective treatment for celiac disease (CD) is strict and long-term compliance with a gluten-free diet. Dietary gluten restriction must be strict and long term, but is difficult to achieve in many cases and alternative dietary strategies have been investigated in the past few years., [Areas covered] This review highlights the progress that has been made in the development of new therapeutics for CD. Detailed information is provided on the targets of drugs for CD as their related mechanisms of action. The therapies are classified in five mechanisms: modification of gluten, intraluminal therapies, immunomodulation, intestinal permeability and modulation of adaptative response. The actual development phase and future approach are also described and discussed., [Expert opinion] There are several limitations in each of the treatment targets related either through complications or the lack of complete response to a normal gluten containing diet. It is clear that the most desired therapy for celiac patients would induce gluten tolerance and progress has been made as per the treatments described herein. Therefore, it is shortly expected that curative or complimentary tools to a gluten free diet will be available that will improve the quality of life of CD sufferers., This study was funded in part by a grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, (Ref PI13/01133 and PI16/01574), co-funded by FEDER (European Regional Development Fund).

The human gastrointestinal system has the capacity to metabolize dietary gluten. The capacity to degrade gliadin-derived peptide is present in humans from birth and increases during the first stages of life (up to 6&ndash, 12 months of age). Fecal samples from 151 new-born and adult non-celiac disease (NCD) volunteers were collected, and glutenase and glianidase activities were evaluated. The capacity of total fecal proteins to metabolize 33-mer, 19-mer, and 13-mer gliadin peptides was also evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Feces from new-borns (meconium) showed glutenase and gliadinase activities, and peptidase activity against all three gliadin peptides. Maximal gluten degradative activity was observed in fecal samples from the youngest volunteers (0&ndash, 12 months old). After the age of nine months, the gluten digestive capacity of gastrointestinal tract decreases and, from &plusmn, 8 years old, individuals lose the ability to completely degrade toxic peptides. The gastrointestinal proteases involved in gluten digestion: elastase 2A, elastase 3B, and carboxipeptidase A1 are present from earlier stages of life. The human digestive tract contains the proteins capable of metabolizing gluten from birth, even before starting gluten intake. Humans are born with the ability to digest gluten and to completely degrade the potentially toxic gliadin-derived peptides (33-, 19-, and 13-mer).

The study evaluated the symptoms, acceptance, and digestibility of bread made from transgenic low-gliadin wheat, in comparison with gluten free bread, in Non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) patients, considering clinical/sensory parameters and gut microbiota composition. This study was performed in two phases of seven days each, comprising a basal phase with gluten free bread and an E82 phase with low-gliadin bread. Gastrointestinal clinical symptoms were evaluated using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire, and stool samples were collected for gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) determination and the extraction of gut microbial DNA. For the basal and E82 phases, seven and five patients, respectively, showed undetectable GIPs content. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene V1-V2 hypervariable regions were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform and downstream analysis was done using a Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) pipeline. No significant differences in the GSRS questionnaires were observed between the two phases. However, we observed a significantly lower abundance of some gut genera Oscillospira, Dorea, Blautia, Bacteroides, Coprococcus, and Collinsella, and a significantly higher abundance of Roseburia and Faecalibacterium genera during the E82 phase compared with the basal phase. The consumption of low-gliadin bread E82 by NCGS subjects induced potentially positive changes in the gut microbiota composition, increasing the butyrate-producing bacteria and favoring a microbial profile that is suggested to have a key role in the maintenance or improvement of gut permeability., The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Projects AGL2013-48946-C3-1-R, AGL2013-48946-C and AGL2016-80566-P) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) supported this research.

[EN] Little is known about the chemical and sensory characteristics of natural sweet wines obtained by different grape dehydration processes. The main aim of this work is to characterise several natural sweet wines, in order to understand the influence of grape dehydration on the chemical and sensory profile of those wines. First, conventional oenological parameters and low molecular weight phenolic compounds have been determined. Next, sensory descriptive analysis was performed on individual samples based on citation frequencies for aroma attributes and conventional intensity scores for taste and mouth-feel properties. Low molecular weight phenolic compounds and acidity were found in a lower concentration in most wines from off-vine dried grapes. Late harvest wine presented higher amounts of phenolics. White wines showed higher sensory and chemical acidity. Most wines obtained from off-vine and on-vine grape dehydration presented common notes of dry fruits and raisins as aroma properties. Chemical and sensory analyses performed in this study were able to define sweet wines. No significant differences have been found in chemical and sensory profiles of sweet wines according to dehydration processes of the grapes. Late harvest wine and white wines were differentiated from other wines through chemical and sensory analysis., [PT] Pouco se sabe sobre as características químicas e sensoriais dos vinhos doces naturais obtidos por diferentes processos de desidratação de uvas. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é caracterizar vários vinhos doces naturais, a fim de compreender a influência da desidratação nos perfis químico e sensorial dos referidos vinhos. Em primeiro lugar, foram determinados parâmetros enológicos convencionais e compostos fenólicos de massa molecular baixa. Em seguida, realizou-se uma análise sensorial descritiva baseada em frequências de citação para atributos aromáticos e pontuação de intensidade convencional para o gosto e propriedades táteis na boca. Na maioria dos vinhos de uvas secadas fora da videira, foram encontradas menores concentrações de compostos fenólicos e acidez. Os vinhos de colheita tardia apresentaram maiores quantidades de compostos fenólicos. Os vinhos de variedades brancas mostraram maior acidez química e sensorial. A maioria dos vinhos de uvas desidratadas na videira e fora dela foram caracterizados por notas comuns de frutos secos e passas como descritores aromáticos. As análises químicas e sensoriais realizadas neste trabalho permitiram definir os vinhos doces em estudo. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos perfis químicos e sensoriais dos vinhos doces de acordo com os diferentes processos de desidratação das uvas. Vinhos brancos e vinho de colheita tardia foram discriminados dos outros vinhos através de análises químicas e sensoriais

Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy resulting from exposure to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Gluten proteins are partially digested by human proteases generating immunogenic peptides that cause inflammation in patients carrying HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 genes. Although intestinal dysbiosis has been associated with patients with CD, bacterial metabolism of gluten has not been studied in depth thus far. The aim of this study was to analyse the metabolic activity of intestinal bacteria associated with gluten intake in healthy individuals, CD patients and first-degree relatives of CD patients. Faecal samples belonging to twenty-two untreated CD patients, twenty treated CD patients, sixteen healthy volunteers on normal diet, eleven healthy volunteers on gluten-free diet (GFD), seventy-one relatives of CD patients on normal diet and sixty-nine relatives on GFD were tested for several proteolytic activities, cultivable bacteria involved in gluten metabolism, SCFA and the amount of gluten in faeces. We detected faecal peptidasic activity against the gluten-derived peptide 33-mer. CD patients showed differences in faecal glutenasic activity (FGA), faecal tryptic activity (FTA), SCFA and faecal gluten content with respect to healthy volunteers. Alterations in specific bacterial groups metabolising gluten such as Clostridium or Lactobacillus were reported in CD patients. Relatives showed similar parameters to CD patients (SCFA) and healthy volunteers (FTA and FGA). Our data support the fact that commensal microbial activity is an important factor in the metabolism of gluten proteins and that this activity is altered in CD patients.

The only accepted treatment for coeliac disease is strict adherence to a gluten-free diet. This type of diet may give rise to reduced patient quality of life with economic and social repercussions. For this reason, dietary transgressions are common and may elicit intestinal damage. Several treatments aimed at different pathogenic targets of coeliac disease have been developed in recent years: modification of gluten to produce non-immunogenic gluten, endoluminal therapies to degrade gluten in the intestinal lumen, increased gluten tolerance, modulation of intestinal permeability and regulation of the adaptive immune response. This review evaluates these coeliac disease treatment lines that are being researched and the treatments that aim to control disease complications like refractory coeliac disease.

In celiac disease there is an increase of lymphocytes expressing FOXP3 in the intestinal mucosa associated with varying degrees of villous atrophy. Our aim was to evaluate FOXP3 expression in duodenal mucosa with lymphocytic enteritis according to aetiology and correlation with lymphocytes T-γδ.We compared three adult patient groups suffering lymphocytic enteritis: celiacs following a gluten-free diet (n=12), first-degree relatives of celiac patients with genetic risks (n=14) and patients with functional dyspepsia (n=14), along with a control group not suffering from duodenal enteritis (n=16). The population of duodenal lymphocytes was analysed by immunohistochemistry assays for CD3+ characterisation and FOXP3 expression. Quantification of lymphocytes T-γδ in duodenal mucosa was performed by flow cytometry in fresh tissue samples.Presence of lymphocytes T-γδ was significantly higher in the group of celiac individuals compared to the group of relatives of these individuals (37.44 vs 5,52: p0.0001) and the group with functional dyspepsia (37.44 vs 11.76: p=0.008). FOXP3 expression was also significantly higher in the celiac group than in the groups of relatives (18.85 vs 6.31; p=0.001) and functional dyspepsia patients (18.85 vs 7.61; p=0.023). The proportion of lymphocytes T-γδ and FOXP3- expressing lymphocytes was similar in the control group to that in the relatives or functional dyspepsia groups.Lymphocytic enteritis associated to celiac disease shows an increase of FOXP3 expression and lymphocytes T-γδ that is not detected in other etiologies of enteritis.

Tritordeum is a novel cereal obtained from the hybridization between durum wheat and a wild barley. This study evaluates acceptance, digestibility and immunotoxic properties of tritordeum, a novel cereal for food processing. Nineteen healthy volunteers participated in a study with different diets to compare tritordeum bread with wheat and gluten-free breads.Tritordeum breads had a similar acceptance to the wheat bread usually consumed, and the acceptance was significantly higher than the gluten-free bread and standardized wheat bread supplied in the study. There was no evidence for gastrointestinal symptoms among volunteers during the study. The reductions in the numbers of immunogenic epitopes in tritordeum in comparison with wheat were 78% for α-gliadins, 57% for γ-gliadins and 93% for ω-gliadins. The analysis of gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in stool samples showed a significantly lower excretion in the tritordeum ingestion phase than in the wheat ingestion phase.These results suggest that tritordeum may be an option of interest for general food processing, and especially for those who want to reduce their intake of gluten. However, it is not suitable for celiac disease sufferers as it contains gluten. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Gluten, a common component in the human diet, is capable of triggering coeliac disease pathogenesis in genetically predisposed individuals. Although the function of human digestive proteases in gluten proteins is quite well known, the role of intestinal microbiota in the metabolism of proteins is frequently underestimated. The aim of this study was the isolation and characterisation of the human gut bacteria involved in the metabolism of gluten proteins. Twenty-two human faecal samples were cultured with gluten as the principal nitrogen source, and 144 strains belonging to 35 bacterial species that may be involved in gluten metabolism in the human gut were isolated. Interestingly, 94 strains were able to metabolise gluten, 61 strains showed an extracellular proteolytic activity against gluten proteins, and several strains showed a peptidasic activity towards the 33-mer peptide, an immunogenic peptide in patients with coeliac disease. Most of the strains were classified within the phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, mainly from the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium and Bifidobacterium. In conclusion, the human intestine exhibits a large variety of bacteria capable of utilising gluten proteins and peptides as nutrients. These bacteria could have an important role in gluten metabolism and could offer promising new treatment modalities for coeliac disease.

Background Serological markers of coeliac disease (CD) lack diagnostic value to identify mild histopathological lesions mainly in adults at risk of CD. Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2/8 genotyping, followed by duodenal biopsy for the detection of CD in adult first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with CD. Materials and methods Ninety-two adult DQ2/8 positive FDRs were consecutively included. A duodenal biopsy was offered irrespective of the serology result or associated symptoms. The clinical features, associated autoimmune diseases and biochemical parameters were recorded. Results Sixty-seven FDRs (mean age 34 years) underwent a duodenal biopsy. Histopathological alterations were found in 32 (48%) and showed the following stages: 12 Marsh I (18%), one Marsh II (1.5%), four Marsh IIIA (6%), five Marsh IIIB (7.5%) and 10 Marsh IIIC (15%). Positive serological markers were present in 17/67 (25%), with only one showing Marsh I and the remainder presenting some degree of duodenal atrophy (Marsh III). In addition, 33/67 (54%) had gastrointestinal symptoms, with dyspepsia being the most prevalent. The distribution of symptoms, anaemia and autoimmune disease was independent of the duodenal histopathological stage. Serology-based screening would diagnose 50% of the cases showing any degree of CD spectrum and miss 6% of the cases with mucosal atrophy. Conclusion Adult FDRs of patients with CD can benefit from a screening strategy on the basis of HLA-DQ genotyping, followed by a duodenal biopsy. Gastrointestinal symptoms and lymphocytic enteritis are common findings that may benefit from a gluten-free diet.

BACKGROUND This study determined the evolution of pyrimethanil, a fungicide commonly used to control Botrytis cinerea, throughout the winemaking process in grapes, must, fermenting must and wine. Tempranillo grapevines were treated with pyrimethanil according to both good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and Critical Agricultural Practices (CAP). Fermentation was carried out in an experimental winery. Grape analysis was based on an ethyl acetate extraction method. Samples from fermentation were analysed by solid phase extraction. The determination was carried out by gas chromatography with nitrogen–phosphorus detection (GC-NPD) and additionally confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). RESULTS Pyrimethanil residues were at least ten times greater in grapes treated 7 days before harvest than in those treated respecting the safety period (21 days). The amount of pyrimethanil in grapes treated under GAP was below the maximum residue limit (5 mg kg−1). The level of pyrimethanil decreased during fermentation in both treatments. In the fermentation of grapes treated according to CAP, the pyrimethanil concentration was reduced by over 50% on the first day and then remained constant until the end of the fermentation process. For grapes treated in compliance with GAP, the amount of pyrimethanil decreased to a level below the limit of detection in the bottled wine. CONCLUSION The described methods for grapes, must, fermenting must and wine gave good recoveries, linearity, precision and accuracy. They were also highly sensitive in avoiding matrix effects. Pyrimethanil residues found in treated grapes were higher in skin than in pulp. The amount of pyrimethanil decreased during fermentation by degradation and/or adsorption. For grapes treated according to GAP, residues disappeared in the final bottled wine. The decrease observed in the final bottled wine may be caused by diverse oenological practices and technologies such us malolactic fermentation, racking and settling. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

Resumen Los perineuriomas intestinales son lesiones poco frecuentes del tracto gastrointestinal. En este estudio presentamos una serie de 9 casos hallados en la mucosa colonica y analizados desde el punto de vista clinico-patologico e inmunohistoquimico. De ellos, 5 fueron mujeres y 4 hombres con edades medias de 59,5 y 64 anos, respectivamente. Todas las lesiones eran de un tamano inferior a 1 cm y tuvieron una localizacion intramucosa, predominando las situadas en el colon distal. Las tecnicas imnunohistoquimicas para Glut-1, claudina-1 y EMA fueron de gran utilidad para determinar la naturaleza de estas lesiones.

We present an easy noncovalent functionalization of MoS

We present an easy drop-casting based functionalization of MoS2-based photodetectors that results in an enhancement of the photoresponse of about four orders of magnitude, reaching responsivities up to 100 A/W. The functionalization is technologically trivial, air-stable, fully reversible and reproducible, and opens the door to the combination of 2D-materials with molecular dyes for the development of high performance photodetectors., 20 pages, main text and supporting information, 3 figures main text, 7 figures supporting information

The first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with coeliac disease are the main risk group for disease development. The study aims to evaluate the screening strategy in FDRs with negative coeliac serology based on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping, followed by duodenal biopsy, and to analyze the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the influence of gluten intake.Adult FDRs with negative coeliac serology were invited to participate (n = 205), and a total of 139 completed the study protocol. HLA genotyping, transglutaminase antibody assessment, and duodenal biopsy were performed. Symptomatology was assessed using questionnaires during the various phases of dietary modification (baseline diet, gluten-free diet, and gluten overload).The study included 139 participants (mean age, 42 years; 53.2% women). HLA-DQ2/8 was positive in 78.4% of the participants (homozygous, 15.1%; heterozygous, 63.3%). Histopathological alterations were noted in 37.1% of participants who underwent duodenal biopsy (Marsh I, 32.7%; Marsh IIIa, 4.4%). At baseline, symptoms were observed in 45.7% of the participants, and the proportion decreased to 24.5% after the gluten-free diet (P 0.001). Symptoms were not associated with the presence of histological alterations or genetic risk. However, younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91), female sex (OR = 2.9), and the presence of autoimmune disorders (OR = 2.8) were independently associated with a significant symptom response to the gluten-free diet.Duodenal lymphocytosis and atrophy are frequently noted in FDRs, despite negative serological markers. In addition, gastrointestinal symptoms are commonly present and associated with gluten intake regardless of the histological pathology.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License.-- et al., [Objectives]: Treatment for celiac disease (CD) is a lifelong strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Patients should be followed-up with dietary interviews and serology as CD markers to ensure adherence to the diet. However, none of these methods offer an accurate measure of dietary compliance. Our aim was to evaluate the measurement of gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in stools as a marker of GFD adherence in CD patients and compare it with traditional methods of GFD monitoring. [Methods]: We performed a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter study including 188 CD patients on GFD and 84 healthy controls. Subjects were given a dietary questionnaire and fecal GIP quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serological anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) IgA and anti-deamidated gliadin peptide (anti-DGP) IgA antibodies were measured simultaneously. [Results]: Of the 188 celiac patients, 56 (29.8%) had detectable GIP levels in stools. There was significant association between age and GIP in stools that revealed increasing dietary transgressions with advancing age (39.2% in subjects ≥13 years old) and with gender in certain age groups (60% in men ≥13 years old). No association was found between fecal GIP and dietary questionnaire or anti-tTG antibodies. However, association was detected between GIP and anti-DGP antibodies, although 46 of the 53 GIP stool-positive patients were negative for anti-DGP. [Conclusions]: Detection of gluten peptides in stools reveals limitations of traditional methods for monitoring GFD in celiac patients. The GIP ELISA enables direct and quantitative assessment of gluten exposure early after ingestion and could aid in the diagnosis and clinical management of nonresponsive CD and refractory CD. Trial registration number NCT02711397., This work was supported by grants from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and FEDER funds (DELIAC, IPT-2011-0952-900000), and Corporación Tecnológica de Andalucía (SINGLUCHECK, 1737/0118).

Controlling the bandgap through local-strain engineering is an exciting avenue for tailoring optoelectronic materials. Two-dimensional crystals are particularly suited for this purpose because they can withstand unprecedented non-homogeneous deformations before rupture: one can literally bend them and fold them up almost like a piece of paper. Here, we study multi-layer black phosphorus sheets subjected to periodic stress to modulate their optoelectronic properties. We find a remarkable shift of the optical absorption band-edge of up to ~0.7 eV between the regions under tensile and compressive stress, greatly exceeding the strain tunability reported for transition metal dichalcogenides. This observation is supported by theoretical models which also predict that this periodic stress modulation can yield to quantum confinement of carriers at low temperatures. The possibility of generating large strain-induced variations in the local density of charge carriers opens the door for a variety of applications including photovoltaics, quantum optics and two-dimensional optoelectronic devices., Comment: 16 pages main text + 13 pages SI

We report on the large-scale synthesis of highly oriented ultrathin MoO3 layers using a simple and low-cost atmospheric pressure by van der Waals epitaxy growth on muscovite mica substrates. By this method we are able to synthetize high quality centimeter-scale MoO3 crystals with thicknesses ranging from 1.4 nm (two layers) up to a few nanometers. The crystals can be easily transferred to an arbitrary substrate (such as SiO2) by a deterministic transfer method and extensively characterized to demonstrate the high quality of the resulting crystal. We also study the electronic band structure of the material by density functional theory calculations. Interestingly, the calculations demonstrate that bulk MoO3 has a rather weak electronic interlayer interaction and thus it presents a monolayer-like band structure. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of this synthesis method for optoelectronic applications by fabricating large-area field-effect devices (10 micrometers by 110 micrometers in lateral dimensions), finding responsivities of 30 mA/W for a laser power density of 13 mW/cm2 in the UV region of the spectrum and also as an electron acceptor in a MoS2-based field-effect transistor., Main text (11 figures) and supporting information (11 figures)

Type II enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is an uncommon intestinal lymphoma. We report the case of a 73-year-old man with diarrhea and weight loss. Duodenal biopsy showed atrophy and infiltration of irregular lymphocytes. Immunohistochemistry was positive for CD3, CD8, and CD56 with monoclonal TCR rearrangement. The HLA-DQ genotype was DQ5/DQ9. The Epstein-Barr virus RNA test was negative. Before specific chemotherapy could be administered, the patient was admitted to hospital for a respiratory infection and died from a cause unrelated to his lymphoma. The differential diagnosis of CD56-positive lymphoproliferative processes include type II EATL, primary T-cell/natural killer-cell intestinal lymphoma and hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma. The patient had CD8 y CD56+ markers that allowed type I EATL to be excluded. The HLA-DQ genotype did not correspond to celiac disease and the biopsy showed proliferation of lymphocytes with atypia. The primary intestinal T-cell/natural killer-cell lymphoma was characterized mainly by the absence of CD8 and monoclonal reassortment of the TCR present in this case.