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(1) Background: This systematic review intends to answer the following Patient–Intervention–Comparison–Outcome (PICO) question: Do digital impression systems generate significant errors during scanning in extensive implant restorative treatments? (2) Methods: Following the PRISMA protocol and according to predefined inclusion criteria, two trained investigators searched for relevant articles in the PubMed database and related sources using a standard keyword sequence. The investigators were responsible for selecting studies and performing quality analysis. (3) Results: From 78 titles, only 9 studies were selected. An analysis of registration distortion variations was conducted for each potential influencing factor in terms of accuracy: interimplant distance, implant angulation, scanner type, and scanning body type. The results showed repeatable differences in accuracy between types of scanning technologies and techniques, and a positive correlation between interimplant distance and the amplitude of deviations detected in comparative analysis, with the highest error levels in total edentulous arch recording. There was no consensus on the error level owing to implant angulation, and statistically significant differences were found between the types of scan bodies used. (4) Conclusions: Digital impression systems generate significant errors during scanning in extensive implant restorative treatments, influenced by scanning technology, interimplant distance, and scanning body type.

Introduction: Obtaining a certain bone volume is an important goal in implantology or orthopedics. Thus, after tooth extraction, quite a lot of horizontal and vertical alveolar bone is lost in time and can be detrimental to the implant treatment outcome, while the treatment of critical bone defects is a considerable challenge for surgery. Objectives: In this study we designed a new in vivo model as an useful experimental tool to assess guided bone regeneration (GBR) using a computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD-CAM) space-maintaining barrier. Methods: The barrier was 3D printed with three progressive heights, surgically placed on rat femur, and GBR results were analyzed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks by X-ray and bone mineral density analysis, histology/morphometry and by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry for osteogenesis and angiogenesis evaluation. Results: The obtained results show that the proposed experimental model provides a real-time useful information on progressive bone tissue formation, which depends on the volume of isolated space created for GBR and on molecular events that lead to satisfactory vertical and horizontal bone augmentation and osteointegration. Conclusion: In conclusion, the proposed customized three-dome space-maintaining barrier is suitable as an experimental tool to assess the potential of using the designed barriers in dentistry and orthopedics to promote the formation of new bone and determine their space- and time-dependent limitations. Meanwhile, guided bone augmentation for dentistry requires subsequent evaluation on an alveolar bone preclinical model followed by clinical implementation.

Introduction. Peri-implantitis is a non-specific inflammation, induced or maintained in the host tissues. Peri-implantitis usually presents a succession of specific symptoms, such as: bleeding on palpation, mobility of the dental implant, pain, increased depth of the pockets located around dental implants. Purpose. Thus, in this material we wanted to carry out a review of the main notions, both theoretical and practical, which characterize the diseases of surrounding tissues of dental implant called peri-implantitis. Material and method. For this study, we used 31 practitioners from Bucharest who frequently perform implant-prosthetic rehabilitation treatments, based on a questionnaire consisting of 6 questions. Results and discussions. The doctors included in the study showed that they have a thorough training in the field of implant-prosthetic restorations and of course in the diagnosis and treatment of peri-implantitis. Conclusions. In-depth knowledge of the notions related to peri-implantitis leads to an early diagnosis, favoring the rapid application of a treatment that prevents the occurrence of subsequent complications.

Introduction. In general, implant-prosthetic restorations, whether they are fixed or mobile, and regardless of their location (maxillary or mandibular), imply slightly different design and conceiving criteria, compared to the conventional prosthetic restorations already known. Purpose. In this material we tried to present some general and particular aspects regarding the design and manufacture of fixed implant-prosthetic restorations. Material and method. The study took place between September and December 2019 with the help of 31 dentists from Bucharest. Results and discussions. Following the application of the questionnaire, we were able to outline some aspects, frequently encountered in practice, by dentists who perform implant-prosthetic restorations related to occlusal balancing and the forces that appear at the level of implant restorations. Conclusions. The correct analysis and evaluation of the occlusal contacts and forces, leads to an increase in the life expectancy of prosthetic work as well as of their support (dental or implant).

Introduction. Prosthetic restoration of single tooth edentation produced by the loss of the permanent first molar (6-year molar), regardless of its location (maxillary or mandibular), represents a challenge for any dentist. Purpose. In this study we tried to present some theoretical and practical aspects regarding the advantages of implant-prosthetic rehabilitation, regarding the advantages of implant-prosthetic rehabilitation compared to the classic prosthetic rehabilitation, for the restoration of the 6-year molar single tooth edentation, taking into account both the opinions of the dentists and the preferences of the patients. Material and method. The study was conducted between April 15 and June 30, 2018 on a group of 39 dentists, based on a questionnaire with 8 questions. Results and discussion. The results obtained from the analysis of the answers given to the 8 questions, have been exposed in a varied iconography for easier understanding. Conclusion. The most important aspect of this study is that most practitioners have recommended fixed prosthetic restorations on implant support, because of their superior advantages, compared with fixed prosthetic restorations with aggregation on the teeth bordering the edentulous breach.

Introduction. The therapeutic approach of deep carious lesions in the temporary teeth represents an extremely complex problem for pediatric dentists, both in terms of their instrumentation and in terms of collaboration with children in specialized treatment, but also with their parents. Purpose. In this material we tried to present as briefly as possible the role of the pediatric dental specialist in the treatment of deep carious lesions existing in the temporary dentition. Material and method. The study was carried out with the help of 41 dentists in Romania, from September 10 to October 10, 2019. Results and discussions. Centralized responses create a clear picture of how practitioners understand the importance of dental caries treatment in temporary teeth. Conclusions. Maintaining temporary teeth on the arches until the eruption of the definitive counterparts, plays an important role in maintaining the length and shape of the dental arches, as well as in preventing the occurrence of malocclusions.

Introduction. Reliable and rigorous, the new techniques and procedures of oral implantology have rapidly evolved, having an important place in the therapeutic plan elaboration, for the prosthetic restoration of different forms of edentation, especially single tooth edentation. Purpose. Through this study we want to implement among the dental professionals, some notions of theoretical and practical character, regarding certain therapeutic implant-prosthetic flows for restoring single tooth edentations regardless of location. Material and method. The study was carried out with the help of an 8-point questionnaire, applied to a study group composed of 45 dentists in Romania. Resultsand discussion. The results of this study create a clear picture of how physicians know and apply the concepts related to implant supported prosthetic rehabilitation. Conclusion. Implant-prosthetic rehabilitation of single tooth edentations is a safe treatment method, with few surgical complications and minimal bone loss, an aspect that also results from the answers of the doctors participating in the study.

Data on the functional three-dimensional positioning of the future restoration are important for planning a prosthetic guided insertion of the dental implants. Errors can occur in the digital and analogous process of analysis, design and production of the surgical guides, possibilities of minimizing them being vital for obtaining a predictable surgical and prosthetic process.

The loss of first permanent molars, maxillary and/or mandibular, can lead in time, due to the lack of prosthetic restoration, to a series of complications, some of high gravity, which can cause not only severe difficulties in subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation, but also substantial additional costs for patients. Purpose. Thus, in this material we tried to bring to the attention of dental practitioners the most truthful arguments, for a fixed prosthetic restoration as early and efficient as possible. Material and method. 53 dental practitioners, from different cities of the country, took part in this study conducted between May 2017 and April 2019. Results and discussions. The answers obtained by applying the questionnaire were analyzed statistically and exposed for a better understanding by clear graphical methods. Conclusions. The restoration of this type of single tooth edentation produced by the absence of the 6-yearold molar, regardless of location (maxillary and / or mandibular), is considered by most dental practitioners to be relatively simple, regardless of the therapeutic option selected.

This age period after 12 years is characterized by an increase in all dimensions of all the anatomical structures of the individuals, under the influence of new factors that interfere with the general tonus of the body. Purpose. Thus, in this paper, we approached certain aspects of both theoretical and practical that may occur in the formation and development of dento-maxillary system in the age period of 12 years (after some authors, up to the age of 21 years). Material and method. The study was conducted between May 12 and June 25 2018 with the help of 55 dental practitioners. Results and discussions. The analysis of the answers provided by the participants in the study was performed by means of specific research methods. The results are eloquent and provide an overview of how dental practitioners manage the eruption of the wisdom tooth in the developmental processes of the dento-maxillary system. Conclusions. The eruption of the wisdom tooth is a certain element of growth, which must be taken into account in the future therapeutic approach of the morpho-functional imbalances of the dento-maxillary system.

Obtaining an extremely precise virtual model is decisive for the final success of prosthetic restorations on implants using CAD–CAM technology. Intraoral digital implant impression can be challenging under specific conditions (e.g., narrow spaces, lack of visibility, or subgingival margins) because sometimes the scan body does not reach an optimal supragingival level so that it can be scanned accurately. We propose an easy and quick solution, which uses an extraoral transfer device that requires minimum time and cost investment.

(1) Background: The success of prosthetic treatment with implant support depends on the combined effort of the team doctor-technician, each of them being responsible for the validation of execution stages. (2) Methods: we composed an online questionnaire with 18 multiple choice questions, using the Google Forms application. It was filled out by an equal number of prosthodontic specialists and dental technicians. Differences and associations were evaluated by Likelihood Ratio test, Linear by Linear association test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Pearson Chi-Square test and the Fisher’s Exact test. (3) Results: Differences and similarities were found between the statements of prosthodontic specialists and dental technicians. Years of experience are correlated with the number of restorations, impression techniques and types of restoration (p ≤ 0.05). Similar answers for both groups were registered for preferred screw retained type of prosthetic abutment and most frequently reported complications. (4) Conclusions: The different perspectives of the two members of the prosthodontic team regarding the leading role in the treatment plan, type of abutment, impression technique and prosthetic design of implant fixed restorations has been revealed in our study. Similar education curricula and standards for continuing training courses after graduation are necessary for prosthodontic specialists and technicians in Romania.

(1) Background: Occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) in the optimal maxillo–mandibular relationship is an important parameter to establish when complex dental rehabilitation has to be done. The optimal method to measure OVD is still a challenge in everyday practice. The aim of the present study was to test the reliability of the correlation between OVD and some anthropometric and cephalometric methods described in the literature. The validity of OVD registration using a facial scanner was also assessed. (2) Materials and Methods: 150 dentate participants, aged 20–25 years, were randomly selected using sealed envelopes. Anthropometric measurements between specific standard points were performed: Subnasion–Prementon (Sn–PM) and Subnasion–Gnation (Sn–Gn) in maximum intercuspation and in the rest mandibular position, right and left pupil to the corresponding chelion. The cephalometric measurements registered were the lower facial angle and the angle between mandibular and Frankfurt planes. The distance Sn–Gn in maximum intercuspation was compared to all other parameters. Facial scanning, with a mobile phone and installed dedicated application, was performed on ten subjects, randomly selected using the same method among the participants, and the obtained 3D files were analyzed. The digital measurements were compared, for validity, to the clinical measurements. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used, for comparing clinical Sn–Gn in maximum intercuspation position to the other parameters. (3) Results: A strong agreement between all measured anthropometric parameters of the facial scan and clinical contact measurement method was registered. None of the measured parameters could predict the exact OVD. (4) Conclusions: In the limits of our study, the facial scanning could be used for predictable registration of OVD and the stored digital information could be preserved through life and use for oral rehabilitation. However, if OVD needs to be determined, several measurement methods, including cephalometric measurements, need to be used simultaneously to reach a final decision.

Aim of the study. The emergence of digital technologies, eases the work of the dental technician and reduces the actual working time in reproduction the dental morphology, but at the same time, the use of a large number of devices can increase the degree of error of the final restoration in the absence of appropriate adjustments. For this reason, this study made a comparison between the classic wax-up method and the digital one to see the degree of accuracy now. Materials and methods. Starting from a model with intact morphology in the area of maxillary premolars and molars, the removal of the upper 1st molar and the grinding of the neighboring teeth were carried out. The restoration of the morphology was carried out by analog but also digital wax-up. Analysis was performed in 26 landmarks and relevant statistical differences were checked using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney tests. Results. The largest variations were recorded in the case of analog wax-up, statistical significance p

Introduction. Peri-implantitis is a condition of the tissues adjacent to dental implants, which can occur in patients with implant-prosthetic restorations, following inadequate prophylactic measures. However, these peri-implants, untreated or improperly treated, can lead over time to quite severe complications, which can quickly turn into emergencies of low, medium or increased intensity in the usual dental care. Purpose. Peri-implantitis is not a major dental emergency, but ignoring and/or treating it incorrectly can lead to complications that are considered major in dentistry. That is why we tried through this study to verify the knowledge related to peri-implantitis as well as the complications that may arise from the nontreatment of these diseases, among the practitioners involved in this field. Material and method. The study was conducted with the help of 37 specialists involved in implantprosthetic treatments, aged between 37 and 53 years, using a 7-point questionnaire. Results and discussions. The results show the concern of specialists in the field of oral implantology regarding peri-implantitis, as well as the complications arising from them. Conclusions. Knowing the causes but also the complications arising from peri-implantitis are very important for the creating preventive programs, which with a reduced effort bring the long-term success of implant supported restorations.

Introduction. Atherosclerosis represents the process of stiffening of the arterial wall and includes arterial changes secondary to atherosclerosis, as well as physiological changes, reducing vascular elasticity in the elderly. However, the importance of knowing the pathology of atherosclerosis is mandatory among dentists, given the high frequency of patients with atherosclerotic lesions. Purpose. Through this study we tried to familiarize dentists on the therapeutic behavior towards patients with atherosclerosis but also the risks arising from it. Material and method. 87 practitioners from Romania helped to carry out this study between September and November 2018. Results and discussions. A clear picture emerged regarding the changes and manifestations in patients with atherosclerosis by dental practitioners as well as the attitude to be adopted in the case of treatments for such patients. Conclusions. Knowing the pathology of patients at cardiovascular risk as well as the therapy to be applied for them, is a must for dentists given the growing number of patients and the pathology with different stages of evolution.

Introduction. In the growing process of each individual, there are 4 essential stages that must be very well known by the pediatric dentist, when intervening on these changes: the stage named the age immediately after birth; pre-school age; the stage of mixed dentition and the age period after 12 years. Purpose. Starting from the existence of these 4 stages of the growing process of each individual, in this material we tried a brief presentation of some aspects, both theoretical and practical, regarding the therapeutic approach in the dental pathology of the temporary teeth. Material and method. The study was conducted through the collaboration of 35 dentists from all over the country based on a questionnaire consisting of 6 questions. Result and discussion. Following the application of the questionnaire we were able to create an image of the way in which the dental pathology of the permanent teeth is therapeutically approached by the practitioners included in the study. Conclusion. Dental lesions in the temporary dentition should be evaluated and treated with great care, to prevent the medium and long term complications of permanent dentition.