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BackgroundLanadelumab demonstrated efficacy in preventing hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks in the phase 3 HELP Study.ObjectiveTo assess time to onset of effect and long-term efficacy of lanadelumab, based on exploratory findings from the HELP Study.MethodsEligible patients with HAE type I/II received lanadelumab 150 mg every 4 weeks (q4wks), 300 mg q4wks, 300 mg q2wks, or placebo. Ad hoc analyses evaluated day 0-69 findings using a Poisson regression model accounting for overdispersion. Least-squares mean monthly HAE attack rate for lanadelumab was compared with placebo. Intrapatient comparisons for days 0-69 versus steady state (days 70-182) used a paired t test for continuous endpoints or Kappa statistics for categorical endpoints.ResultsOne hundred twenty-five patients were randomized and treated. During days 0-69, mean monthly attack rate was significantly lower with lanadelumab (0.41-0.76) vs placebo (2.04), including attacks requiring acute treatment (0.33-0.61 vs 1.66) and moderate/severe attacks (0.31-0.48 vs 1.33, all P ≤ .001). More patients receiving lanadelumab vs placebo were attack free (37.9%-48.1% vs 7.3%) and responders (85.7%-100% vs 26.8%). During steady state, the efficacy of lanadelumab vs placebo was similar or improved vs days 0-69. Intrapatient differences were significant with lanadelumab 300 mg q4wks for select outcomes. Lanadelumab efficacy was durable-HAE attack rate was consistently lower vs placebo, from the first 2 weeks of treatment through study end. Treatment emergent adverse events were comparable during days 0-69 and 70-182.ConclusionProtection with lanadelumab started from the first dose and continued throughout the entire study period.

Sinus headache is a widely accepted clinical diagnosis, although many medical specialists consider it an uncommon cause of recurrent headaches. The inappropriate diagnosis of sinus headache can lead to unnecessary diagnostic studies, surgical interventions, and medical treatments. Both the International Headache Society and the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery have attempted to define conditions that lead to headaches of rhinogenic origin but have done so from different perspectives and in isolation of each other. An interdisciplinary ad hoc committee convened to discuss the role of sinus disease as a cause of headache and to review recent epidemiological studies that suggest sinus headache (headache of rhinogenic origin) and migraine are frequently confused with one another. This committee reviewed available scientific evidence from multiple disciplines and concluded that considerable research and clinical study are required to further understand and delineate the role of nasal pathology and autonomic activation in migraine and headaches of rhinogenic origin. However, this group agreed that greater diagnostic and therapeutic attention needs to be given to patients with sinus headaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the use of long-term prophylaxis (LTP) for hereditary angioedema (HAE), the risk of having an attack remains and patients with HAE and on LTP may still experience attacks that can be life threatening. However, the behavioralpatterns and perspectives surrounding HAE attack management by patients on LTP are not fully understood., Objective: This survey aimed to better understand and compare the behavioral patterns and perspectives, including attitudesand perceptions associated with on-demand treatment among patients on LTP versus those using on-demand therapy only., Methods: People living with HAE were recruited by the US Hereditary Angioedema Association to complete a 20-minute online survey between September 6 and October 19, 2022. Participants were stratified by treatment (50% using LTP [+ondemand therapy], 50% on-demand therapy only)., Results: Respondents included 107 patients with HAE (mean age, 41 years [range, 16-83 years]). Patients using LTP reported treating a mean +/- standard deviation 84.8% +/- 23.8% of their HAE attacks compared with a mean +/- standard deviation75.6% +/- 27.5% for patients with on-demand only treatment. Similar percentages of patients on LTP versus patients on-demand only reported always carrying on-demand treatment when away from home (35% versus 38%) and modifying their daily lives to minimize the occurrence of HAE attacks, which included avoiding potential triggers (42.9% versus 45.5%)., Conclusion: Although patients on LTP treat a higher percentage of their attacks compared with patients with on-demand only treatment, both groups reported similar behaviors in terms of carrying on-demand treatment when away from home and modifying their daily lives to minimize the occurrence of HAE attacks. These findings highlight the importance of understanding patient perspectives and behaviors in the management of HAE.

Background: Hereditary angioedema is a rare disorder characterized by episodic, potentially life-threatening swelling caused by kallikrein-kinin dysregulation. Long-term prophylaxis can stabilize this system. Donidalorsen, an antisense oligonucleotide, specifically reduces prekallikrein expression., Methods: In this phase 3, double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with hereditary angioedema to receive donidalorsen (80 mg subcutaneously) or placebo once every 4 or 8 weeks. The primary end point was the time-normalized number of investigator-confirmed hereditary angioedema attacks per 4 weeks (attack rate) from week 1 to week 25., Results: A total of 90 patients received donidalorsen every 4 weeks (45 patients), donidalorsen every 8 weeks (23 patients), or placebo (22 patients). The least-squares mean time-normalized attack rate was 0.44 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.73) in the 4-week group, 1.02 (95% CI, 0.65 to 1.59) in the 8-week group, and 2.26 (95% CI, 1.66 to 3.09) in the placebo group. The mean attack rate from week 1 to week 25 was 81% lower (95% CI, 65 to 89) in the 4-week group than in the placebo group (P<0.001) and 55% lower (95% CI, 22 to 74) in the 8-week group than in the placebo group (P = 0.004); the median reduction in the attack rate from baseline was 90% in the 4-week group, 83% in the 8-week group, and 16% in the placebo group. The mean attack rate during weeks 5 to 25 was 87% lower (95% CI, 72 to 94) in the 4-week group than in the placebo group (P<0.001) and 60% lower (95% CI, 25 to 79) in the 8-week group than in the placebo group. Donidalorsen administered every 4 weeks resulted in an improvement in the least-squares mean total score for the change at week 25 on the Angioedema Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (scores range from 0 to 100, with a score of 100 indicating the worst possible quality of life) that was 18.6 points (95% CI, 9.5 to 27.7) better than that with placebo (P<0.001). The most common adverse events were erythema at the injection site, headache, and nasopharyngitis; 98% of adverse events were mild or moderate in severity., Conclusions: Donidalorsen treatment reduced the hereditary angioedema attack rate, a finding that supports potential prophylactic use for hereditary angioedema. (Funded by Ionis Pharmaceuticals; OASIS-HAE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05139810.)., (Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society.)

Background: Approved on-demand treatments for hereditary angioedema attacks need to be administered parenterally, a route of administration that is associated with delays in treatment or withholding of therapy., Methods: In this phase 3, double-blind, three-way crossover trial, we randomly assigned participants at least 12 years of age with type 1 or type 2 hereditary angioedema to take up to two oral doses of sebetralstat (300 mg or 600 mg) or placebo for an angioedema attack. The primary end point, assessed in a time-to-event analysis, was the beginning of symptom relief, defined as a rating of "a little better" on the Patient Global Impression of Change scale (ratings range from "much worse" to "much better") at two or more consecutive time points within 12 hours after the first administration of the trial agent. Key secondary end points, assessed in a time-to-event analysis, were a reduction in attack severity (an improved rating on the Patient Global Impression of Severity [PGI-S] scale, with ratings ranging from "none" to "very severe") at two or more consecutive time points within 12 hours and complete attack resolution (a rating of "none" on the PGI-S scale) within 24 hours., Results: A total of 136 participants were assigned to one of six trial sequences, with 110 treating 264 attacks. The time to the beginning of symptom relief with the 300-mg dose and the 600-mg dose was faster than with placebo (P<0.001 and P = 0.001 for the two comparisons, respectively), with median times of 1.61 hours (interquartile range, 0.78 to 7.04), 1.79 hours (1.02 to 3.79), and 6.72 hours (1.34 to >12), respectively. The time to reduction in the attack severity with the 300-mg dose and the 600-mg dose was faster than with placebo (P = 0.004 and P = 0.003), with median times of 9.27 hours (interquartile range, 1.53 to >12), 7.75 hours (2.19 to >12), and more than 12 hours (6.23 to >12). The time to complete resolution was faster with the 300-mg and 600-mg doses than with placebo (P = 0.002 and P<0.001). The percentage of attacks with complete resolution within 24 hours was 42.5% with the 300-mg dose, 49.5% with the 600-mg dose, and 27.4% with placebo. Sebetralstat and placebo had similar safety profiles; no serious adverse events related to the trial agents were reported., Conclusions: Oral sebetralstat provided faster times to the beginning of symptom relief, reduction in attack severity, and complete attack resolution than placebo. (Funded by KalVista Pharmaceuticals; KONFIDENT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05259917; EudraCT number, 2021-001226-21.)., (Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society.)

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is characterized by unpredictable and often severe cutaneous and mucosal swelling that affects the extremities, face, larynx, gastrointestinal tract, or genitourinary area. Introduction of novel long-term prophylactic treatment options (lanadelumab, berotralstat, and C1-esterase inhibitor SC [human]) into the treatment armamentarium has substantially reduced HAE attacks, allowing patients to be attack free for longer with improvements to their quality of life. Using data drawn from a wide-ranging survey of patients with HAE, we examined the relationship between duration of time attack free and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), exploring the possibility that there is an association between observed improvement in HRQoL and attack-free duration., Methods: A survey among patients with HAE on long-term prophylaxis (LTP) in six countries (the US, Australia, Canada, UK, Germany, and Japan) assessed the relationship between attack-free duration and mean Angioedema Quality of Life (AE-QoL) scores, quality of life benefits, and rescue medication used. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess the roles of LTP and attack-free period (< 1 month, 1- < 6 months, ≥ 6 months) on total AE-QoL scores. Results include descriptive p-values for strength of association, without control for multiplicity. Descriptive statistics were used to show the relationship between time attack free and quality of life benefits., Results: Longer durations of time for which participants reported being attack free at the time of the survey correlated with better AE-QoL scores and less use of rescue medication. The mean total AE-QoL scores were 51.8, 33.2, and 19.9 for those who reported having been attack free for < 1 month, 1- < 6 months, and ≥ 6 months, respectively, with higher scores reflecting more impairment. The ANCOVA results showed a strong association between attack-free duration and AE-QoL total score., Conclusion: This study shows that longer attack-free duration has an influential role for better HRQoL in patients receiving LTP. Prolonging the attack-free period is an important goal of therapy and recent advances in LTP have increased attack-free duration. However, opportunities exist for new treatments to further increase attack-free duration and improve HRQoL for all patients with HAE., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Garadacimab is a fully human immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody targeting activated factor XII. This study evaluated long-term efficacy, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and safety data for garadacimab in adults with hereditary angioedema., Methods: This global phase 2 study comprised a treatment period 1 (TP1: 12 weeks, double-blind, placebo-controlled) and a treatment period 2 (TP2: ≥44-week open-label extension). Patients aged 18-65 years with clinically confirmed hereditary angioedema were eligible. In TP1, 32 patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to receive subcutaneous garadacimab (75 mg, 200 mg, or 600 mg) or placebo every 4 weeks (once monthly). Randomisation was done using interactive response technology via block randomisation (block sizes 1-4). Subsequently, six additional patients in TP1 were assigned to open-label garadacimab 400 mg every 2 weeks. At the start of TP2, patients were re-randomised (if receiving placebo, garadacimab 75 mg, or garadacimab 400 mg) or continued to receive garadacimab 200 mg or garadacimab 600 mg once monthly. After a protocol amendment on March 20, 2020, patients originally assigned to the 600 mg dose were down-titrated to 200 mg at their next visit. The primary endpoint (published previously) was monthly attack rate for patients receiving 200 mg or 600 mg garadacimab in TP1 in the intention-to-treat population. Here, we assessed the impact of garadacimab on patient-reported and investigator-reported outcomes and HRQoL as well as long-term efficacy and safety. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03712228, and is completed., Findings: Of 54 patients screened between Oct 29, 2018, and Aug 28, 2019, 32 randomised and six open-label patients completed TP1 and entered TP2 (20 in the garadacimab 200 mg group; 18 in the garadacimab 600 mg group; total 38 patients). Median age was 39·0 years (IQR 27·0-53·0), and 21 patients (55%) were female and 17 (45%) were male. In TP2, the median garadacimab exposure was 87·9 weeks (IQR 50·0-106·6) in the garadacimab 200 mg group and 44·1 weeks (24·1-56·1) in the garadacimab 600 mg group. Median monthly attack rates were 0·0 (IQR 0·0-0·1) in the garadacimab 200 mg group and 0·1 (0·0-0·4) in the garadacimb 600 mg group. Median reduction in monthly attack rate versus run-in was 100% (IQR 98-100) with garadacimab 200 mg. HRQoL improvements observed during TP1 with garadacimab were sustained throughout TP2. TP2 safety signals were consistent with TP1. Two patients experienced serious adverse events of diverticular perforation and asthma (not garadacimab-related). Treatment-emergent adverse events were mostly mild or moderate in severity. The most common adverse events were headache (nine of 38, 24%) and abdominal pain (seven of 38, 18%). There were no treatment-related deaths., Interpretation: Once-monthly garadacimab for more than 2 years in patients with hereditary angioedema was well tolerated and efficacious in reducing monthly attack rate and improving HRQoL. These results reveal the potential of long-term prophylactic treatment with 200 mg once-monthly garadacimab towards complete disease control of patients with hereditary angioedema., Funding: CSL Behring., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests TJC is a speaker for CSL Behring, Takeda, BioMarin, Astria, Regeneron, and Grifols, and has received research and consultancy grants from CSL Behring, Takeda, BioCryst, Ionis, BioMarin, Intellia, KalVista, Pharvaris, Ionis, Astria, and GlaxoSmithKline; he is on the Medical Advisory Board for the US Hereditary Angioedema Association and is Director of the Angioedema Centers of Reference and Excellence International Angioedema Center at Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA. DSL received research grants from, and is a speaker and consultant for, CSL Behring, Takeda, BioCryst, Grifols, Pharming, and KalVista. AR received research grants as a principal investigator, speaker, and adviser for CSL Behring, Takeda/Shire, BioCryst, Pharming, Pharvaris, Ionis, and Shulov Innovative Science. WRL is a speaker for CSL Behring, Pharming, AstraZeneca, Sanofi and Regeneron, GlaxoSmithKline, and Takeda/Shire, and has served as a consultant for BioCryst, BioMarin, CSL Behring, Fresenius Kabi, Intellia, KalVista, Pharming, Pharvaris, and Takeda/Shire; WRL is also a board member of the US Hereditary Angioedema Association Medical Advisory Board, and has received grants or research support from ALK, BioCryst, CSL Behring, Ionis, Gossamer, KalVista, Kedrion, Therapure, and Takeda/Shire. IM-S has received honoraria, research funding, and travel grants from BioCryst, CSL Behring, Pharming, Octapharma, KalVista, and Takeda/Shire, and has served as a consultant or participated in advisory boards for these companies. JSJ is a speaker for Takeda/Shire, CSL Behring, Teva, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi Genzyme, and Regeneron, and has received research funding or consultancy fees from CSL Behring, Takeda/Shire, BioCryst, Novartis, Genentech, AstraZeneca, Allakos, Fresenius Kabi, GlaxoSmithKline, and Regeneron. WHY has been a speaker and advisory board member for, and has received honoraria from, CSL Behring, Takeda/Shire, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, and Merck; he has received research grants from CSL Behring, Takeda/Shire, BioCryst, Pharming, Aimmune, DBV Technologies, Eli Lilly, Pharvaris, AstraZeneca, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Sanofi Genzyme, Regeneron, Galderma, AnaptysBio, Glenmark, ALK, Dermira, Ionis, and Celgene; and he also serves as a medical adviser (volunteer) for Hereditary Angioedema Canada, a patient organisation, and is a member of ACARE. BR has been a speaker and advisory board member for CSL Behring and Takeda but has not received personal reimbursement for these activities; he has participated in multiple clinical trials involving investigational drugs for CSL Behring, Takeda, BioCryst, Dyax, and Pharming; and he serves as a volunteer medical scientific adviser to Hereditary Angioedema Canada, a patient organisation. EA-P has received honoraria as a speaker, adviser, or as grant support or clinical trial investigator support from Astria Therapeutics, BioCryst, BioMarin Europe, Centogene, CSL Behring, Intellia, KalVista, Pharming Technologies, Pharvaris, and Takeda/Shire. PKK has been a speaker, advisory board member, or consultant for, and has received honoraria from, ALK, AstraZeneca, Bausch, BioCryst, Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Canadian Pharmacists Association, CSL Behring, GlaxoSmithKline, Medexus, Merck, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda/Shire, and Valeo; has received research grants from CSL Behring and Takeda/Shire; serves as a medical adviser (volunteer) for Hereditary Angioedema Canada, a patient organisation; serves as a board member (volunteer) for the Canadian Hereditary Angioedema Network, a physician organisation; and is an employee of McMaster University. PB has been a speaker, advisory board member, or consultant for, and has received honoraria from, BioMarin, BioCryst, CSL Behring, CVS Specialty, Ionis, KalVista, Medscape, Novartis, Pharvaris, Prime, Regeneron, and Takeda; and has received research funding from CSL Behring, KalVista, and Takeda. MM has received financial support from CSL Behring for acting as a study-centre investigator during the conduct of the study, and consulting fees from CSL Behring, Takeda/Shire, Pharming Technologies, BioCryst, Novartis, Octapharma, and KalVista outside of the submitted work. At the time of the study, HF, MAB, IJ, and IP were employees of CSL Behring Innovation GmbH (HF, MAB, IP) or CSL Behring LLC (IJ) and shareholders of CSL Ltd., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.)

Background: Clinical trials investigating drugs for the acute treatment of hereditary angioedema attacks have assessed many different outcomes. This heterogeneity limits the comparability of trial results and may lead to selective outcome reporting bias and a high burden on trial participants., Objective: To achieve consensus on a core outcome set composed of key outcomes that ideally should be used in all clinical efficacy trials involving the acute treatment of hereditary angioedema attacks., Methods: We conducted a Delphi consensus study involving all relevant parties: patients with hereditary angioedema, hereditary angioedema expert clinicians and clinical researchers, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory bodies. Two Internet-based survey rounds were conducted. In round 1, panelists indicated the importance of individual outcomes used in clinical trials on a 9-point Likert scale. Based on these results, a core outcome set was developed and voted on by panelists in round 2., Results: A total of 58 worldwide panelists completed both rounds. The first round demonstrated high importance scores and substantial agreement among the panelists. In the second round, a consensus of 90% or greater was achieved on a core outcome set consisting of five key outcomes: change in overall symptom severity at one predetermined time point between 15 minutes and 4 hours after treatment, time to end of progression of all symptoms, the need for rescue medication during the entire attack, impairment of daily activities, and treatment satisfaction., Conclusions: This international study obtained a high level of consensus on a core outcome set for the acute treatment of hereditary angioedema attacks, consisting of five key outcomes., (Crown Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a potentially fatal disease characterized by unpredictable, recurrent, often disabling swelling attacks. In a randomized phase 2 study, donidalorsen reduced HAE attack frequency and improved patient quality-of-life (ISIS721744-CS2, NCT04030598). We report the 2-year interim analysis of the phase 2 open-label extension (OLE) study (ISIS 721744-CS3, NCT04307381)., Methods: In the OLE, the on-treatment study period consisted of fixed (weeks 1-13, donidalorsen 80 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks [Q4W]) and flexible (weeks 17-105, donidalorsen 80 mg Q4W, 80 mg every 8 weeks [Q8W], or 100 mg Q4W) dosing periods. The primary outcome was incidence and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). The secondary outcomes included efficacy, pharmacodynamic, and quality-of-life assessments., Results: Seventeen patients continued in the OLE study. No serious TEAEs or TEAEs leading to treatment discontinuation were reported. Mean monthly HAE attack rate was 96% lower than the study run-in baseline rate (mean, 0.06/month; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02-0.10; median, 0.04 on-treatment vs. mean, 2.70/month; 95% CI, 1.94-3.46; median, 2.29 at baseline). Mean monthly attack rate for Q8W dosing (n = 8) was 0.29 (range, 0.0-1.7; 95% CI, -0.21 to 0.79; median, 0.00). Mean plasma prekallikrein and D-dimer concentrations decreased, and Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire total score improved from baseline to week 105 with donidalorsen., Conclusion: The 2-year interim results of this phase 2 OLE study of donidalorsen in patients with HAE demonstrated no new safety signals; donidalorsen was well tolerated. There was durable efficacy with a 96% reduction in HAE attacks., (© 2023 The Authors. Allergy published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Berotralstat is a first-line, once-daily oral plasma kallikrein inhibitor approved for prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks in patients 12 years or older., Objective: This analysis examined the safety and effectiveness of long-term prophylaxis with berotralstat., Methods: APeX-2 was a phase 3, parallel-group, multicenter trial in patients with HAE caused by C1-inhibitor deficiency (NCT03485911). Part 1 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of 150 and 110 mg of berotralstat over 24 weeks. In part 2, berotralstat-treated patients continued the same treatment, and placebo-treated patients were re-randomized to 150 or 110 mg of berotralstat for 24 weeks. In part 3, all patients were treated with open-label berotralstat at 150 mg, which could be continued for up to an additional 4 years. In part 3, the primary endpoint was long-term safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints included HAE attack rates and quality of life (QoL)., Results: Eighty-one patients entered part 3. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 82.7% of patients, with most being mild or moderate in severity. The most common TEAEs were nasopharyngitis, urinary tract infection, abdominal pain, arthralgia, coronavirus infection, and diarrhea. Drug-related TEAEs occurred in 14.8% of patients, but none were serious. For patients who completed 96 weeks of berotralstat treatment (n = 70), the mean (standard error) change in attack rate from baseline was -2.21 (0.20) attacks/mo. Clinically meaningful improvements in QoL were also observed, with the largest improvements in the functioning domain., Conclusion: Berotralstat was generally well tolerated, provided rapid and sustained reductions in HAE attacks and improved QoL over 96 weeks., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare condition marked by swelling episodes in various body parts, including the extremities, upper airway, face, intestinal tract, and genitals. Long-term prophylaxis (LTP), prescribed to control recurring HAE attacks, is integral to its management. Previously, attenuated androgens (AAs) were the only oral LTP options. However, in 2020, berotralstat, an oral plasma kallikrein inhibitor, was approved in the United States. A 2018 survey of adults with HAE type I or type II showed that almost all the patients who used prophylactic HAE medication preferred oral treatment (98%) and felt that it fit their lifestyle better than injectable treatment (96%). Still, guidelines lack consensus on transitioning patients from AAs to alternative oral prophylactic therapy. Objective: This paper aims to share expert insights and patient feedback on transitioning from AAs to berotralstat, an alternative oral prophylactic therapy, from the perspective of clinicians with extensive experience in treating patients with HAE. Methods: A panel of five HAE specialists convened for a virtual half-day roundtable discussion in April 2023. Results: Discussions about transitioning from AAs to berotralstat were prompted by routine consultations, patient inquiries based on independent research, ineffective current treatment, or worsening AA-related adverse effects. For patients who switched from AAs, the physicians reported that the decision was influenced by the alternative therapy's ability to prevent HAE attacks, its safety, and the once-daily administration schedule. All expert panel members identified fewer AA-related adverse effects; better quality of life; and less severe, shorter, and less frequent HAE attacks as clinical or patient goals they hoped to achieve through the treatment switch. Conclusion: The emergence of new, highly specific LTP drugs for HAE calls for the development of comprehensive recommendations and guidelines for transitioning from AAs to alternative oral prophylactic therapy. The expert panel highlighted key factors to consider during the development of such guidelines.

Background: Symptoms of hereditary angioedema (HAE) often first occur during childhood, and HAE attacks in children can be severe and substantially affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, there are no approved long-term prophylaxis treatments for children aged less than 6 years., Objective: The SPRING Study (NCT04070326) evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of lanadelumab and HRQoL in patients aged 2 to less than 12 years., Methods: Over 52 weeks of treatment, patients aged 2 to less than 6 years received lanadelumab 150 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) and patients aged 6 to less than 12 years received 150 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) but could switch to Q4W if they were attack-free for 26 weeks., Results: We enrolled 21 patients (aged 2 to less than 6 years: n = 4; aged 6 to less than 12 years: n = 17), 20 of whom completed the study. There were no reported serious treatment-emergent adverse events or discontinuations resulting from such events. Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported for 17 patients (81.0%). The most common TEAE was injection site pain. Overall systemic exposure was comparable for both age groups. The mean (SD) attack rate during treatment decreased by 94.8% from baseline (1.84 [1.53] to 0.08 [0.17] attacks/mo), and 16 (76.2%) patients were attack-free. The attack rate reduction in both age groups was similar during the first 26-week fixed-dosing treatment. Seven patients switched from Q2W to Q4W and remained attack-free. A large, clinically meaningful increase in the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scale Total Score and a large increase in the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scale-Family Impact Module Total Score from baseline to end of study (better HRQoL) were observed., Conclusions: Findings support safety, efficacy, and improved HRQoL with lanadelumab 150 mg Q2W and Q4W regimens for the prevention of HAE attacks in patients aged 2 to less than 12 years., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with C1-inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1-INH) is characterized by recurrent, debilitating episodes of swelling. Sebetralstat, an investigational oral plasma kallikrein inhibitor, demonstrated promising efficacy for on-demand treatment of HAE-C1-INH in a phase 2 trial. We describe the multipronged approach informing the design of KONFIDENT, a phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, three-way crossover trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of sebetralstat in patients aged ≥12 years with HAE-C1-INH., Methods: To determine an optimal endpoint to measure the beginning of symptom relief in KONFIDENT, we engaged patients with HAE on clinical outcome measures and subsequently conducted analyses of phase 2 outcomes. Sample size was determined via a simulation-based approach using phase 2 data., Results: Patient interviews revealed a strong preference (71%) for the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGI-C) over other measures and indicated a rating of "A Little Better" as a clinically meaningful milestone. In phase 2, a rating of "A Little Better" demonstrated agreement with attack severity improvement and resolution on the Patient Global Impression of Severity and had better sensitivity than "Better." Simulations indicated that 84 patients completing treatment would ensure at least 90% power for assessing the primary endpoint of time to beginning of symptom relief defined as a PGI-C rating of at least "A Little Better" for two time points in a row., Conclusions: Patient feedback and phase 2 data support PGI-C as the primary outcome measure in the phase 3 KONFIDENT trial evaluating sebetralstat, which has the potential to be the first oral on-demand treatment for HAE-C1-INH attacks., (© 2023 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Allergy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.)

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is associated with a substantial disease burden. Lanadelumab reduced the HAE attack rate during 132 weeks of follow-up in the HELP open-label extension (OLE) Study (NCT02741596)., Objective: To measure the impact of long-term lanadelumab treatment on patient-reported outcomes (PROs)., Methods: Rollover patients (completed the 26-week HELP study [NCT02586805]) and nonrollovers (newly enrolled) received lanadelumab 300 mg every 2 weeks. PROs (Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire [AE-QoL], Short Form Health Survey 12-item version 2, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-General Health Questionnaire, and EQ-5D-5L questionnaire) were assessed at baseline (day 0 of HELP OLE) and various time points until the end-of-study visit. The Angioedema Control Test, Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication, and Global Impression of Treatment Response were administered starting at week 52., Results: The mean (SD) change in AE-QoL total score from baseline to end-of-study for rollovers (n = 90) was -10.2 (17.9), exhibiting further improvement from HELP in health-related quality of life (HRQoL); 48.9% of rollovers achieved the previously defined 6-point minimal clinically important difference. Nonrollovers (n = 81) reported a change of -19.5 (21.3). Controlled disease (Angioedema Control Test total score ≥10) was reported by 90.2% of rollovers and 95.9% of nonrollovers at the end of the study. Excellent treatment response was reported by 78.7% of patients and 82.4% of investigators. Results from other PROs indicated a slight improvement in anxiety, a high level of satisfaction with treatment, and increased work productivityor activity., Conclusion: Clinically meaningful improvement in HRQoL was exhibited with long-term lanadelumab treatment, supporting the benefit of lanadelumab therapy associated with attack prevention., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02586805 (HELP Study) and NCT02741596 (HELP open-label extension)., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: Hereditary angioedema is a rare and potentially life-threatening genetic disease that is associated with kallikrein-kinin system dysregulation. Garadacimab (CSL312), a novel, fully-human monoclonal antibody that inhibits activated factor XII (FXIIa), is being studied for the prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-monthly subcutaneous administrations of garadacimab as prophylaxis for hereditary angioedema., Methods: VANGUARD was a pivotal, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial that recruited patients (aged ≥12 years) with type I or type II hereditary angioedema across seven countries (Canada, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Japan, the Netherlands, and the USA). Eligible patients were randomly assigned (3:2) to receive garadacimab or placebo for 6 months (182 days) by an interactive response technology (IRT) system. Randomisation was stratified by age (≤17 years vs >17 years) and baseline attack rate (1 to <3 attacks per month vs ≥3 attacks per month) for the adult group. The randomisation list and code were kept by the IRT provider during the study, with no access by site staff and funding representatives. All patients and investigational site staff, and representatives from the funder (or their delegates) with direct interaction with the study sites or patients, were masked to treatment assignment in a double-blind fashion. Randomly assigned patients received a 400-mg loading dose of subcutaneous garadacimab as two 200-mg injections or volume-matched placebo on day 1 of the treatment period, followed by five additional self-administered (or caregiver-administered) monthly doses of 200-mg subcutaneous garadacimab or volume-matched placebo. The primary endpoint was the investigator-assessed time-normalised number of hereditary angioedema attacks (number of hereditary angioedema attacks per month) during the 6-month treatment period (day 1 to day 182). Safety was evaluated in patients who received at least one dose of garadacimab or placebo. The study is registered with the EU Clinical Trials Register, 2020-000570-25 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04656418., Findings: Between Jan 27, 2021, and June 7, 2022, we screened 80 patients, 76 of whom were eligible to enter the run-in period of the study. Of 65 eligible patients with type I or type II hereditary angioedema, 39 were randomly assigned to garadacimab and 26 to placebo. One patient was randomly assigned in error and did not enter the treatment period (no dose of study drug received), resulting in 39 patients assigned to garadacimab and 25 patients assigned to placebo being included. 38 (59%) of 64 participants were female and 26 (41%) were male. 55 (86%) of 64 participants were White, six (9%) were Asian (Japanese), one (2%) was Black or African American, one (2%) was Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and one (2%) was listed as other. During the 6-month treatment period (day 1 to day 182), the mean number of investigator-confirmed hereditary angioedema attacks per month was significantly lower in the garadacimab group (0·27, 95% CI 0·05 to 0·49) than in the placebo group (2·01, 1·44 to 2·57; p<0·0001), corresponding to a percentage difference in means of -87% (95% CI -96 to -58; p<0·0001). The median number of hereditary angioedema attacks per month was 0 (IQR 0·00-0·31) for garadacimab and 1·35 (1·00-3·20) for placebo. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were upper-respiratory tract infections, nasopharyngitis, and headaches. FXIIa inhibition was not associated with an increased risk of bleeding or thromboembolic events., Interpretation: Monthly garadacimab administration significantly reduced hereditary angioedema attacks in patients aged 12 years and older compared with placebo and had a favourable safety profile. Our results support the use of garadacimab as a potential prophylactic therapy for the treatment of hereditary angioedema in adolescents and adults., Funding: CSL Behring., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests TJC is a speaker for Pharming, CSL Behring, Takeda, Fresenius Kabi, and Grifols; has received research and consultancy grants from CSL Behring, Takeda, BioCryst, Ionis, Spark, BioMarin, Fresenius Kabi, and Grifols; and is on the medical advisory board for the US Hereditary Angioedema Association, Director of ACARE Angioedema Center at Penn State University, Hershey, and on the Board of Directors for the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. AR received research grants as a principal investigator, speaker, and advisor for CSL Behring, Takeda-Shire, BioCryst, Pharming, Pharvaris, Ionis, and Shulov Innovative Science. HHL is a speaker for Pharming, CSL Behring, Takeda, and BioCryst and has received research and consultancy grants from CSL Behring, Takeda, BioCryst, Ionis, BioMarin, Pharming, and Phavaris. JSJ is a speaker for Takeda-Shire, CSL Behring, Teva, AstraZeneca, GSK, Sanofi Genzyme, and Regeneron and has received research funding or consultancy fees from CSL Behring, Takeda-Shire, BioCryst, Novartis, Genentech, AstraZeneca, Allakos, Fresenius Kabi, GSK, and Regeneron. JAB is a consultant, principal investigator, and speaker for CSL Behring, Takeda-Shire, Pharming, and BioCryst; is a consultant or principal investigator for KalVista, Biomarin, and Ionis; and is a consultant for Astria, ONO Pharmaceutical, Pharvaris, and Cycle Pharmaceuticals. HFa received research grants from CSL Behring, Takeda, and Pharming; has served as an advisor for CSL Behring, Takeda, Pharming, KalVista, ONO Pharmaceutical, and BioCryst; and has participated in clinical trials or registries for BioCryst, CSL Behring, Pharming, KalVista, Pharvaris, and Takeda. WHY has been a speaker and advisory board member and has received honoraria from CSL Behring, Takeda-Shire, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, and Merck; has received research grants from CSL Behring, Takeda-Shire, BioCryst, Pharming, Aimmune, DBV Technologies, Eli Lilly, Pharvaris, AstraZeneca, Novartis, GSK, Genentech-Roche, Amgen, Sanofi Genzyme, Regeneron, Galderma, AnaptysBio, Glenmark, ALK Pharma, Dermira, Ionis, and Celgene; serves as a medical advisor (volunteer) for HAE Canada, a patient organisation; and is a member of Angioedema Centers of Reference and Excellence. ESGS has received lecturing or advertising board fees from Amgen, Sanofi, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Esperion, Ionis-Akcea, and Merck, paid to their institution. IO has received honoraria or served as a consultant or participated in advisory boards for CSL Behring, Takeda-Shire, and Torii Pharmaceutical Company. RTa is a speaker for BioCryst, CSL Behring, Pharming, AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Regeneron, GSK, and Takeda; has served as a consultant for BioCryst, CSL Behring, KalVista, Pharming, and Takeda; and has received grants or research support from BioCryst, CSL Behring, Ionis, KalVista, Pharvaris, and Takeda. MEM is a speaker for CSL Behring, Takeda, Pharming, BioCryst, GSK, Amgen, Sanofi-Regeneron, AstraZeneca, Blueprint, and Genentech; has received research grants from CSL Behring, Takeda, Pharming, BioCryst, KalVista, Pharvaris, GSK, Novartis, Merck, and Allakos; and has been a consultant for CSL Behring, Takeda, Pharming, BioCryst, KalVista, and Cycle Pharmaceuticals. WRL is a speaker for CSL Behring, Pharming, AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Regeneron, GSK, and Takeda-Shire; has served as a consultant for BioCryst, BioMarin, CSL Behring, Fresenius Kabi, Intellia, KalVista, Pharming, Pharvaris, and Takeda-Shire; is a board member of the US Hereditary Angioedema Association Medical Advisory Board; and has received grants or research support from ALK Pharma, BioCryst, CSL Behring, Ionis, Gossamer, KalVista, Kedrion, Therapure, and Takeda-Shire. IMS has received honoraria, research funding, and travel grants from BioCryst, CSL Behring, Pharming, Octapharma, KalVista, and Takeda-Shire and has served as a consultant or participated in advisory boards for these companies. EA-P has received honoraria as a speaker or advisor or grant support or clinical trial investigator support from BioCryst, BioMarin Europe, Centogene, CSL Behring, KalVista, Pharming, Pharvaris, and Takeda-Shire. BR has been a speaker and advisory board member for CSL Behring and Takeda, but has not received personal reimbursement for these activities. BR has participated in multiple clinical trials involving investigational drugs for CSL Behring, Takeda, BioCryst, Dyax, and Pharming, but does not hold patents or investments with these companies or involving this product, and serves as a volunteer Medical Scientific Advisor to HAE Canada, a patient organisation. GLS has been an advisory board member for CSL Behring and has participated in clinical trials for investigational drugs for CSL Behring, Takeda, BioCryst, Dyax, Pharming, Pharvaris, and KalVista. JA is a speaker bureau member for CSL Behring, Pharming, BioCryst, and Takeda and has received consulting fees from; is a clinical trial investigator for BioCryst, CSL Behring, Pharming, Takeda, KalVista, Pharvaris, and BioMarin; and has received consulting fees from Cycle Pharmaceuticals. KK has been a clinical trial investigator for CSL Behring. YS has received speaker fees from Novartis, AstraZeneca, Takeda-Shire, and Torii Pharmaceutical Company and has been a clinical trial investigator for CSL Behring. PS has received honoraria, research funding, travel grants, or has served as a consultant or participated in advisory boards for CSL Behring, Octapharma, Pharming, Shire, and Takeda. RTr has received honoraria, travel grants, or has participated in clinical trials or advisory boards for CSL Behring, Shire, and Takeda. HFe, FG, and IJ are full-time employees and shareholders of CSL Behring. MM has received financial support from CSL Behring for acting as a study centre investigator during the conduct of the study and personal fees from CSL Behring, Takeda-Shire, Pharming, BioCryst, Novartis, Octapharma, and KalVista outside the submitted work., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Guidelines recommend effective on-demand therapy for all individuals with hereditary angioedema. We aimed to assess the novel oral plasma kallikrein inhibitor, sebetralstat, which is in development, for on-demand treatment of hereditary angioedema attacks., Methods: In this two-part phase 2 trial, individuals with type 1 or 2 hereditary angioedema aged 18 years or older were recruited from 25 sites, consisting of specialty outpatient centres, across nine countries in Europe and the USA. Individuals were eligible if they had experienced at least three hereditary angioedema attacks in the past 93 days, were not on prophylactic therapy, and had access to and the ability to self-administer conventional attack treatment. In part 1 of the trial, participants were given a single 600 mg open-label oral dose of sebetralstat to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the dose. Part 2 was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-sequence, two-period (2 × 2) crossover trial; participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to either sequence 1, in which they were given a single dose of 600 mg of sebetralstat to treat the first eligible attack and a second dose of placebo to treat the second eligible attack, or sequence 2, in which they were given placebo to treat the first eligible attack and then 600 mg of sebetralstat to treat the second eligible attack. Participants and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was time to use of conventional attack treatment within 12 h of study drug administration, which was assessed in all participants who were randomly assigned to treatment and who received study drug for two attacks during part 2 of the study. Safety was assessed in all participants who received at least one dose of study drug, starting in part 1. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04208412, and is completed., Findings: Between July 2, 2019, and Dec 8, 2020, 84 individuals were screened and 68 were enrolled in part 1 and received sebetralstat (mean age 38·3 years [SD 13·2], 37 [54%] were female, 31 [46%] were male, 68 [100%] were White). 42 (62%) of 68 participants completed pharmacokinetic assessments. Sebetralstat was rapidly absorbed, with a geometric mean plasma concentration of 501 ng/mL at 15 min. In a subset of participants (n=6), plasma samples obtained from 15 min to 4 h after study drug administration had near-complete protection from ex vivo stimulated generation of plasma kallikrein and cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen. In part 2, all 68 participants were randomly assigned to sequence 1 (n=34) or sequence 2 (n=34). 53 (78%) of 68 participants treated two attacks (25 [74%] in the sequence 1 group and 28 [82%] in the sequence 2 group). Time to use of conventional treatment within 12 h of study drug administration was significantly longer with sebetralstat versus placebo (at quartile 1: >12 h [95% CI 9·6 to >12] vs 8·0 h [3·8 to >12]; p=0·0010). There were no serious adverse events or adverse event-related discontinuations., Interpretation: Oral administration of sebetralstat was well tolerated and led to rapid suppression of plasma kallikrein activity, resulting in increased time to use of conventional attack treatment and faster symptom relief versus placebo. Based on these results, a phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two dose levels of sebetralstat in adolescent and adult participants with hereditary angioedema has been initiated (NCT05259917)., Funding: KalVista Pharmaceuticals., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests EA-P has received grants from or has served as consultant or speaker for BioCryst, Biomarin, Centogene, CSL Behring, KalVista, Pharming, Pharvaris, and Shire/Takeda. AZ has received speaker or consultancy fees from BioCryst, CSL Behring, Pharming, and Takeda. DMC has received speaker fees or consultancy fees from BioCryst, CSL Behring, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, KalVista, Pharming, Pharvaris, and Shire/Takeda. MC has received funding for research projects from or served on advisory boards for CSL Behring, BioCryst, and Shire/Takeda. RH has received consultancy or speaker honoraria from CSL Behring, Shire/Takeda, and has served as a principal investigator for clinical trials sponsored by BioCryst, Pharvaris Netherlands BV, Pharming, CSL Behring, and KalVista. TK has received research grants from Takeda and speaker or consultancy fees from BioCryst, CSL Behring, KalVista and Takeda. MMag has been a speaker or advisor for or has received research funding from BioCryst, CSL Behring, KalVista, Octapharma, Pharming, and Shire/Takeda. IM-S has received speaker or consultancy fees from BioCryst, CSL Behring, Pharming, and Takeda. MS has received speaker and consultant fees from CSL Behring, Takeda, Pharming, and BioCryst. HF has received research grants from CSL Behring, Shire/Takeda, and Pharming and served as an advisor for BioCryst, KalVista, and ONO Pharmaceuticals. SK-A has received speaker or consultancy fees from BioCryst, CSL Behring, Pharming, and Takeda. VG-P has served as principal investigator for CSL Behring, Pharming, BioCryst, and KalVista. JAB has received speaker or consultancy fees from or served as principal investigator for KalVista, Celldex, Pharvaris, Biomarin, Amgen, Allakos, CSL Behring, Shire, Pharming, BioCryst, AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Regeneron, Novartis, and Genentech. HHL has received speaker or consultant fees from BioCryst, CSL Behring, Pharming, and Takeda. HJL has served as consultant, speaker, or engaged in research with or educational projects with BioCryst, CSL Behring, Intellia, KalVista, Pharming, Pharvaris, and Takeda. PKA, MDS, CMY, DKL, and EPF are employees of KalVista Pharmaceuticals. AM was an employee of KalVista Pharmaceuticals at the time of the study. RG has received research grants from Takeda, BioCryst, KalVista, and Pharvaris and consulting and speaker fees from BioCryst, Fresenius Kabi, and Takeda. WRL is a member of advisory boards for BioCryst, CSL Behring, and Takeda; has received research grants from BioCryst, CSL Behring, Ionis, and Takeda; consulting fees from BioCryst, CSL Behring, Fresenius Kabi, Pharming, and Takeda; payments for lectures from CSL Behring, Pharming, and Takeda; and is an advisory board member of the US Hereditary Angioedema Association. AB has received research grants from Takeda and BioCryst and consulting fees from Takeda, BioCryst, Pharming, CSL, Pharvaris, KalVista, and Biomarin. MAR has received research grants from BioCryst, CSL Behring, Ionis, KalVista, Pharvaris; consulted for BioCryst, Biomarin, CSL Behring, Cycle Pharma, Fresenius-Kabi, Ionis, KalVista, Pfizer, Pharming, Pharvaris, RegenexBio, Regeneron, Shire/Takeda, and Spark; and provided speaker presentations for CSL Behring, Grifols, Pharming, and Shire. MMau has been a speaker or advisor for or has received research funding from Alnylam, BioCryst, Centogene, CSL Behring, Dyax, KalVista, Pharming, Pharvaris, and Shire/Takeda., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of a new, highly purified 10% IVIg (BT595, Yimmugo®) administered in children and adults with Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID)., Materials and Methods: Prospective, uncontrolled, multicentre Phase III trial. Patients aged 2 to <76 years with PID were switched from their pre-trial IVIg replacement therapy to BT595. In all, 67 patients (49 adults, 18 children) received doses between 0.2 and 0.8 g/kg body weight for approximately 12 months at intervals of 3 or 4 weeks. Dosing and dosing intervals were based on each patient's pre-trial infusion schedule. The primary end point was the rate of acute serious bacterial infections (SBIs); secondary efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetic outcomes were also evaluated., Results: The primary efficacy end point was met, and the unadjusted SBI rate was 0.01 per subject-year (adjusted SBI rate 0.015 per subject-year, with an upper limit of the one-sided 99% confidence interval of 0.151). A single adult patient experienced one event classified as an SBI. All secondary end points, including those related to infections, supported the efficacy. Infusion rates were increased up to 8 ml/kg/h. Overall, 8% of infusions were associated with ≥1 infusional adverse event (AE) (start during or within 72 h post-infusion), comprising mainly headache (2.4%), fatigue (0.9%) and nausea (0.5%). There were no infusional AEs at infusion rates of >4.0 ml/kg/h, and only one patient required a single premedication. The observed patterns, severity and frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events are consistent with the established safety profile for IVIgs and did not show clinically relevant differences between all age groups., Conclusion: BT595 is effective, safe and well tolerated for treating patients with PID., (© 2022 Biotest AG. Vox Sanguinis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Blood Transfusion.)

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare and disabling disease for which early diagnosis and effective therapy are critical. This revision and update of the global WAO/EAACI guideline on the diagnosis and management of HAE provides up-to-date guidance for the management of HAE. For this update and revision of the guideline, an international panel of experts reviewed the existing evidence, developed 28 recommendations, and established consensus by an online DELPHI process. The goal of these recommendations and guideline is to help physicians and their patients in making rational decisions in the management of HAE with deficient C1 inhibitor (type 1) and HAE with dysfunctional C1 inhibitor (type 2), by providing guidance on common and important clinical issues, such as: (1) How should HAE be diagnosed? (2) When should HAE patients receive prophylactic on top of on-demand treatment and what treatments should be used? (3) What are the goals of treatment? (4) Should HAE management be different for special HAE patient groups such as children or pregnant/breast-feeding women? and (5) How should HAE patients monitor their disease activity, impact, and control? It is also the intention of this guideline to help establish global standards for the management of HAE and to encourage and facilitate the use of recommended diagnostics and therapies for all patients., (© 2022 The Authors. Allergy published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Hereditary angioedema is characterized by recurrent and unpredictable swellings that are disabling and potentially fatal. Selective inhibition of plasma prekallikrein production by antisense oligonucleotide treatment (donidalorsen) may reduce the frequency of attacks and the burden of disease., Methods: In this phase 2 trial, we randomly assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, patients with hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency to receive four subcutaneous doses of either donidalorsen (80 mg) or placebo, with one dose administered every 4 weeks. The primary end point was the time-normalized number of investigator-confirmed angioedema attacks per month (attack rate) between week 1 (baseline) and week 17. Secondary end points included quality of life, as measured with the Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating worse quality of life), and safety., Results: A total of 20 patients were enrolled, of whom 14 were randomly assigned to receive donidalorsen and 6 to receive placebo. The mean monthly rate of investigator-confirmed angioedema attacks was 0.23 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08 to 0.39) among patients receiving donidalorsen and 2.21 (95% CI, 0.58 to 3.85) among patients receiving placebo (mean difference, -90%; 95% CI, -96 to -76; P<0.001). The mean change from baseline to week 17 in the Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire score was -26.8 points in the donidalorsen group and -6.2 points in the placebo group (mean difference, -20.7 points; 95% CI, -32.7 to -8.7). The incidence of mild-to-moderate adverse events was 71% among patients receiving donidalorsen and 83% among those receiving placebo., Conclusions: Among patients with hereditary angioedema, donidalorsen treatment resulted in a significantly lower rate of angioedema attacks than placebo in this small, phase 2 trial. (Funded by Ionis Pharmaceuticals; ISIS 721744-CS2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04030598.)., (Copyright © 2022 Massachusetts Medical Society.)

Background: Hereditary angioedema is associated with dysregulation of the kallikrein-kinin system. Factor XII (FXII) is a key initiator of the kallikrein-kinin system, which produces bradykinin, a central mediator of angioedema. Garadacimab (CSL Behring) is a first-in-class, fully human, immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody targeting activated FXII, intended to prevent attacks in patients with C1-esterase inhibitor-deficient hereditary angioedema (HAE-C1-INH). We aimed to investigate garadacimab as a treatment every 4 weeks for patients with HAE-C1-INH., Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study, patients with HAE-C1-INH were recruited from 12 research centres in Canada, Germany, Israel, and the USA. Eligible patients were aged 18-65 years and must have had at least four attacks of any severity over a consecutive 2-month period during the 3 months before screening or initiation of previous hereditary angioedema prophylaxis. After a run-in period of 4-8 weeks, patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1), using an interactive response technology via block randomisation (block sizes of 1-4), to either placebo or 75 mg, 200 mg, or 600 mg garadacimab. Patients were given an initial intravenous loading dose, and then, on day 6 and every 4 weeks for 12 weeks, they were given a subcutaneous dose of their allocated treatment. The primary endpoint was the number of monthly attacks in the intention-to-treat population (defined as all patients who underwent screening, provided consent, and were assigned to treatment) during the 12-week subcutaneous administration period assessed in the 200 mg and 600 mg garadacimab groups versus placebo. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose or partial dose of study treatment. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03712228., Findings: Between Oct 29, 2018, and Aug 28, 2019, 54 patients were screened, of whom 32 were randomly assigned to either placebo (n=8) or 75 mg (n=9), 200 mg (n=8), or 600 mg (n=7) garadacimab. The median age was 39·5 years (28·0-52·5) and 18 (56%) of 32 patients were female and 14 (34%) were male. The median number of monthly attacks during the 12-week subcutaneous treatment period was 4·6 (IQR 3·1-5·0) with placebo, 0·0 (0·0-0·4) with 75 mg garadacimab, 0·0 (0·0-0·0) with 200 mg garadacimab, and 0·3 (0·0-0·7) with 600 mg garadacimab. Compared with placebo, the rate of attacks was significantly reduced with garadacimab at 200 mg (reduced by 100% [95% CI 98-101]; p=0·0002) and 600 mg (reduced by 93% [54-110]; p=0·0003). No serious adverse events, deaths, or adverse events of special interest (anaphylaxis, thromboembolic events, and bleeding events) were observed., Interpretation: Garadacimab 200 mg and 600 mg every 4 weeks significantly reduced the number of monthly attacks versus placebo and was well tolerated during the study. Garadacimab is an efficacious, subcutaneous prophylaxis in patients with HAE-C1-INH and warrants phase 3 evaluation., Funding: CSL Behring., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests TC is a speaker for Pharming, CSL Behring, Takeda, Fresenius Kabi, and Grifols; has received research and consultancy grants from CSL Behring, Takeda, BioCryst, Ionis, Spark, BioMarin, Fresenius Kabi, and Grifols; and is on the medical advisory board for the US Hereditary Angioedema Association, the Board of Directors for the Mid-Atlantic American Lung Association, and the Board of Directors for the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. EA-P has received honoraria as a speaker or advisor from Adverum Biotechnologies, BioCryst, BioMarin, Centogene, CSL Behring, KalVista, Pharming, Pharvaris, and Shire/Takeda; and has received grants or clinical trial investigator support from BioCryst, CSL Behring, KalVista, Pharvaris, and Shire/Takeda. PB has consulted for CSL Behring, Takeda, Pharming, Pearl Therapeutics, BioCryst, CVS Health, Novartis, AstraZeneca and GlaxoSmithKline; and has received clinical trial support from CSL Behring, Takeda, BioCryst, and Novartis. MKD and DP are former full-time employees of CSL Behring and own stocks in CSL Behring. HF, IJ, and IP are full-time employees of CSL Behring and own stocks in CSL Behring. JSJ is a speaker for Takeda/Shire, CSL Behring, Teva, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi Genzyme, and Regeneron; and has received research funding or consultancy fees from CSL Behring, Takeda/Shire, BioCryst, Novartis, Genentech, AstraZeneca, Allakos, Fresenius Kabi, GlaxoSmithKline, and Regeneron. PKK is or recently was a speaker or an advisor for ALK Pharma, AstraZeneca, CSL Behring, GlaxoSmithKline, Kaleo, Merck, Mylan, Novartis, Pediapharm/Medexus, Sanofi and Takeda/Shire; and has received research funding from CSL Behring, Green Cross, and Takeda/Shire. DSL is a speaker, researcher, and consultant for CSL Behring, Takeda, Pharming, BioCryst, and Grifols. WRL is a speaker for CSL Behring, Pharming, AstraZeneca, Sanofi/Regeneron, GlaxoSmithKline, and Shire/Takeda; has served as a consultant for BioCryst, BioMarin, CSL Behring, Fresenius Kabi, Intellia, KalVista, Pharming, Pharvarius, and Shire/Takeda; is a board member of the US Hereditary Angioedema Association Medical Advisory Board; and has received grants or research support from ALK, BioCryst, CSL Behring, Ionis, Gossamer, KalVista, Kedrion, Therapure, and Takeda/Shire. MM has received financial support from CSL Behring for acting as a study centre investigator during the conduct of the study, and personal fees from CSL Behring, Shire/Takeda, Pharming, BioCryst, Novartis, Octapharma, and KalVista. IM-S has received honoraria, research funding, and travel grants from BioCryst, CSL Behring, Pharming, Octapharma, KalVista, and Takeda/Shire. IM-S served as a consultant for BioCryst, CSL Behring, Pharming, Octapharma, KalVista, and Takeda/Shire; and participated in advisory boards for BioCryst, CSL Behring, Pharming, Octapharma, KalVista, and Takeda/Shire. AR is a speaker, researcher, and advisor for CSL Behring, Takeda/Shire, BioCryst, Pharming, and Shulov Innovative Science. BR has been a speaker and advisory board member for CSL Behring and Takeda and has not received personal reimbursement for these activities; has participated in multiple clinical trials involving investigational drugs for CSL Behring, Takeda, BioCryst, Dyax, and Pharming and he does not hold patents or investments with these companies or involving this product; and he serves as a volunteer medical scientific advisor to the patient organisation Hereditary Angioedema Canada. WHY has received fees for consulting services from CSL Behring, Takeda/Shire, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, and Merck, and research grants from CSL Behring, Takeda/Shire, BioCryst, Pharming, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Regeneron, Galderma, AnaptysBio, Glenmark, ALK Pharma, and Dermira., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: The aim was to evaluate long-term effectiveness and safety of lanadelumab in patients ≥12 y old with hereditary angioedema (HAE) 1/2 (NCT02741596)., Methods: Rollover patients completing the HELP Study and continuing into HELP OLE received one lanadelumab 300 mg dose until first attack (dose-and-wait period), then 300 mg q2wks (regular dosing stage). Nonrollovers (newly enrolled) received lanadelumab 300 mg q2wks from day 0. Baseline attack rate for rollovers: ≥1 attack/4 weeks (based on run-in period attack rate during HELP Study); for nonrollovers: historical attack rate ≥1 attack/12 weeks. The planned treatment period was 33 months., Results: 212 patients participated (109 rollovers, 103 nonrollovers); 81.6% completed ≥30 months on study (mean [SD], 29.6 [8.2] months). Lanadelumab markedly reduced mean HAE attack rate (reduction vs baseline: 87.4% overall). Patients were attack free for a mean of 97.7% of days during treatment; 81.8% and 68.9% of patients were attack free for ≥6 and ≥12 months, respectively. Angioedema Quality-of-Life total and domain scores improved from day 0 to end of study. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) (excluding HAE attacks) were reported by 97.2% of patients; most commonly injection site pain (47.2%) and viral upper respiratory tract infection (42.0%). Treatment-related TEAEs were reported by 54.7% of patients. Most injection site reactions resolved within 1 hour (70.2%) or 1 day (92.6%). Six (2.8%) patients discontinued due to TEAEs. No treatment-related serious TEAEs or deaths were reported. Eleven treatment-related TEAEs of special interest were reported by seven (3.3%) patients., Conclusion: Lanadelumab demonstrated sustained efficacy and acceptable tolerability with long-term use in HAE patients., (© 2021 Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. Allergy published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) are the cornerstone of treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis. Although INCS are generally considered safe and effective, there is a concern that chronic use may lead to ocular adverse effects. Objective: To assess ocular safety of the exhalation delivery system with fluticasone propionate (EDS-FLU) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Methods: Ocular safety data were collected during two randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled studies with open-label extensions. Ophthalmologists performed tonometry, slit-lamp, and visual acuity examinations to assess intraocular pressure (IOP) and the presence of cataracts. Ocular examinations were conducted before double-blind treatment, at the end of the 16-week double-blind phase, and at the end of the 8-week open-label phase. The results of pooled data from patients who received EDS-FLU 186 µg (n = 160), EDS-FLU 372 µg (n = 161), and EDS-placebo (n = 161) twice daily are reported here. Results: At the end of the double-blind phase, six patients developed elevated average IOP > 21 mm Hg: two patients (1.2%) in the EDS-placebo group, three patients (1.9%) in the EDS-FLU 186 µg group, and one patient (0.6%) in the EDS-FLU 372 µg group. In addition, 6 of 482 patients developed cataracts: 3 patients in the EDS-placebo group, 2 patients in the EDS-FLU 186 µg group, and 1 patient in the EDS-FLU 372 µg group. At the end of the open-label phase, two additional patients showed IOP > 21 mm Hg and two additional patients developed cataracts. Conclusion: No increased risk of elevated IOP was detected with EDS-FLU; the rate of cataract development was similar to EDS-placebo and to that reported with other INCS.Clinical trials NCT01622569 and NCT01624662, www.clinicaltrials.gov.

Purpose: Hereditary angioedema (HAE), most often caused by a genetically mediated deficiency in the activity of C1 inhibitor (C1INH) protein, is characterized clinically by recurrent episodes of localized swelling without wheals. HAE attacks can be painful, debilitating, and even fatal, resulting in physical discomfort, emotional stress, and interruptions of work, school, and/or social activities, all of which can affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Subcutaneous C1INH (C1INH[SC]) is recommended as a first-line option for long-term prophylaxis (LTP) in HAE. This narrative review provides a concise but comprehensive overview of all published data generated from the pivotal Phase III Clinical Study for Optimal Management of Preventing Angioedema With Low-Volume Subcutaneous C1-Inhibitor Replacement Therapy (COMPACT) study program, which evaluated the use of C1INH(SC) as LTP., Methods: A PubMed search was performed using the search terms subcutaneous C1 inhibitor plus COMPACT with no filters, and another search was performed using the term subcutaneous C1 inhibitor, with output limited to clinical trial data only. All publications that reported data generated during the Phase III COMPACT study were included. Data presentation focused on the US Food and Drug Administration-approved dose of 60 IU/kg., Findings: The search strategy identified a total of 11 publications that reported data and analyses from the Phase III COMPACT study. Publications reported overall findings from the double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover COMPACT study and a subsequent long-term open-label extension (OLE) study. Other published analyses included pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data, HRQoL assessments, and findings in patient subgroups including women, pediatric patients, and patients ≥65 years of age. Subgroup analyses reported good safety and efficacy profiles among age-based subgroups from the COMPACT OLE, including pediatric patients, patients ≥65 years of age with comorbidities, and among female patients, despite a tendency for HAE to be more severe in women. A number of significant HRQoL improvements were noted with C1INH(SC) use, including better overall health status, less anxiety, and less work- and activity-related impairment versus placebo (double-blind study), and compared with baseline (OLE)., Implications: This review provides a concise overview of all published COMPACT study data with C1INH(SC). The data reviewed here portray a high level of efficacy and tolerability with C1INH(SC), even during periods of treatment that exceed 2 years, which does not appear to vary based on patient age or sex. Clinically relevant improvements in multiple facets of HRQoL were also reported, including better overall HRQoL, less anxiety and depression, and less disruptions in work attendance and productivity. These data should be useful for assessing the appropriateness of C1INH(SC) therapy for individual patients., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare, life-threatening genetic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of subcutaneous or submucosal angioedema. The ultimate goals of treatment for HAE remain ill-defined., Objectives: The aim of this Delphi process was to define the goals of HAE treatment and to examine which factors should be considered when assessing disease control and normalization of the patient's life., Methods: The Delphi panel comprised 23 participants who were selected based on involvement with scientific research on HAE or coauthorship of the most recent update and revision of the World Allergy Organization/European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology guideline on HAE. The process comprised 3 rounds of voting. The final round aimed to aggregate the opinions of the expert panel and to achieve consensus., Results: Two direct consensus questions were posed in round 2, based on the responses received in round 1, and the panel agreed that the goals of treatment are to achieve total control of the disease and to normalize the patient's life. For the third round of voting, 21 statements were considered, with the participants reaching consensus on 18. It is clear from the wide-ranging consensus statements that the burdens of disease and treatment should be considered when assessing disease control and normalization of patients' lives., Conclusions: The ultimate goal for HAE treatment is to achieve no angioedema attacks. The availability of improved treatments and disease management over the last decade now makes complete control of HAE a realistic possibility for most patients., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

We report here the results of a phase 3 study to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of GC5107, a new 10% liquid intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in preventing serious bacterial infections in patients with primary immunodeficiency (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02783482). Over a 12-month study period, 49 patients aged 3 to 70 years with a confirmed diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency received GC5107 at doses ranging from 319 to 881 mg/kg body weight every 21 or 28 days, according to their previous IVIG maintenance therapy. A total of 667 infusions of GC5107 were administered comprising a total of 45.86 patient-years of treatment. A single acute serious bacterial infection occurred during the study, resulting in an incidence of 0.02 events per patient-year (upper 99% one-sided confidence interval limit: 0.21), meeting the prespecified primary efficacy endpoint. The mean incidence of infections other than acute serious bacterial infections was 2.9 infections per patient-year. Efficacy was also demonstrated by the low mean annualized rate of hospitalizations due to infection (0.1 day) and the mean annualized duration of hospitalizations (0.1 day). The mean rate of intravenous and oral antibiotic use was 0.1 day and 13.2 days, respectively. There was a mean of 7.1 days of missed work, school, or daycare days. The proportion of infusions with temporally associated adverse events (TAAEs) occurring during or within 72 hours after GC5107 infusion was 0.24 (upper 95% one-sided confidence interval limit: 0.31), meeting the pre-specified primary safety endpoint. Overall, 149 of 667 infusions (22%) were associated with TAAEs. The most common TAAE was headache, reported by 49% of patients. More than 98% (731/743) of all adverse events that occurred throughout the 12-month study period were mild or moderate. More than 98% of infusions were completed without discontinuation, interruption or rate reduction. There were no treatment-emergent serious adverse events related to GC5107 or study discontinuations due to an adverse event. Overall, pharmacokinetic parameters for GC5107 were within the range of those reported in studies of other marketed IVIG products. Results of the present study demonstrate that GC5107 is an effective, safe and well-tolerated treatment for patients with primary immunodeficiency., Competing Interests: AE has participated in advisory boards for ALK Abello, AstraZeneca, Aralez, Bausch Health, LEO Pharma, Merck, Novartis, and Pfizer; has served as a speaker for ALK Abello, The ACADEMY, Aralez, AstraZeneca, Medexus, and Mylan; and has been a consultant to Bayer LLC and Regeneron. Her institution has received research grants from ALK Abello, Aralez, AstraZeneca, Bayer LLC, GC Pharma, Medexus, Novartis, Sanofi and Regeneron. WL has served as a consultant for Accordant, BioCryst, Biomarin, CSL Behring, Express Scripts, Fresenius Kabi, Intellia, Kalvista, Magellan, Optum, Pharming, Pharvaris, and Shire/Takeda; serves as a speaker for BioCryst, CSL Behring, Pharming, Shire/Takeda, Grifols, Astra Zeneca, Sanofi/Regeneron and GSK; and receives grants or research support from ALK, BioCryst, CSL Behring, Gossamer, GC Pharma, Grifols, Ionis, Kalvista, Kedrion, Shire/Takeda and Therapure. He is a member of the US Hereditary Angioedema Association Medical Advisory Board. RW serves as an investigator for CSL Behring, Grifols, Kedrion, GC Pharma, Takeda, and TherapureBio; serves as a consultant for ADMA Biologicals, Grifols, GC Pharma, Takeda, and TherapureBio; and serves as a speaker for CSL Behring, Grifols, and Takeda. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The authors declare that this study received funding from GC Pharma, Korea. The funder was involved in the study design, analysis and interpretation of data, review of the manuscript, and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication., (Copyright © 2021 Perez, Hébert, Ellis, Alpan, Lumry, Shapiro, Suez, Mandujano and Wasserman.)

Background: Berotralstat (BCX7353) is an oral, once-daily inhibitor of plasma kallikrein in development for the prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks., Objective: Our aim was to determine the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of berotralstat in patients with HAE over a 24-week treatment period (the phase 3 APeX-2 trial)., Methods: APeX-2 was a double-blind, parallel-group study that randomized patients at 40 sites in 11 countries 1:1:1 to receive once-daily berotralstat in a dose of 110 mg or 150 mg or placebo (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03485911). Patients aged 12 years or older with HAE due to C1 inhibitor deficiency and at least 2 investigator-confirmed HAE attacks in the first 56 days of a prospective run-in period were eligible. The primary efficacy end point was the rate of investigator-confirmed HAE attacks during the 24-week treatment period., Results: A total of 121 patients were randomized; 120 of them received at least 1 dose of the study drug (n = 41, 40, and 39 in the 110-mg dose of berotralstat, 150-mg of dose berotralstat, and placebo groups, respectively). Berotralstat demonstrated a significant reduction in attack rate at both 110 mg (1.65 attacks per month; P = .024) and 150 mg (1.31 attacks per month; P < .001) relative to placebo (2.35 attacks per month). The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events that occurred more with berotralstat than with placebo were abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and back pain. No drug-related serious treatment-emergent adverse events occurred., Conclusion: Both the 110-mg and 150-mg doses of berotralstat reduced HAE attack rates compared with placebo and were safe and generally well tolerated. The most favorable benefit-to-risk profile was observed at a dose of 150 mg per day., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Berotralstat (BCX7353) is a recently approved, oral, once-daily kallikrein inhibitor for hereditary angioedema (HAE) prophylaxis. In the APeX-2 trial, berotralstat reduced HAE attack rates over 24 weeks, with a favorable safety and tolerability profile., Objective: Evaluate berotralstat safety, tolerability, and effectiveness over 48 weeks., Methods: APeX-2 is a phase 3, parallel-group, multicenter trial (NCT03485911) in patients with HAE due to C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency. Part 1 was double-blind and placebo-controlled, with patients randomized to 24 weeks of berotralstat 150 mg, 110 mg, or placebo. In part 2, patients continued berotralstat the same dose or, if initially randomized to placebo, were rerandomized to berotralstat 150 mg or 110 mg through weeks 24 to 48. The primary end point was safety and tolerability., Results: One hundred eight patients received 1 or more doses of berotralstat in part 2. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 30 of 39 patients (77%) in the placebo group during part 1, and 25 of 34 patients (74%) re-randomized from placebo to berotralstat 110 mg or 150 mg in part 2, with drug-related TEAEs in 13 of 39 (33%), and 11 of 34 (32%) in the same groups. Most TEAEs were mild or moderate, with no serious drug-related TEAEs. The most common TEAEs were upper respiratory tract infections, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. Mean (±standard error of the mean) monthly attack rates at baseline and week 48 were 3.06 (±0.25) and 1.06 (±0.25) in the berotralstat 150mg 48-week group and 2.97 (±0.21) and 1.35 (±0.33) in the berotralstat 110mg 48-week group., Conclusions: The safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of berotralstat were maintained over 48 weeks of treatment., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Patients with urticaria and angioedema often have triggers that cause an outbreak or a swelling episode or worsen their chronic condition. Exploring these factors with each patient may result in better understanding and control of their disease. Patients should be advised to avoid known triggers, if feasible, or prepare to prevent or control an exacerbation with appropriate pretreatment if avoidance is not possible. In this review, we describe and discuss a variety of factors for which there is evidence that they cause or exacerbate chronic spontaneous urticaria and angioedema. These potentially exacerbating factors include drugs, food additives, and naturally occurring pseudoallergens, mental stress, and trauma., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: An objective of the phase 3 HELP Study was to investigate the effect of lanadelumab on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE)., Methods: Patients with HAE-1/2 received either lanadelumab 150 mg every 4 weeks (q4wks; n = 28), 300 mg q4wks (n = 29), 300 mg every 2 weeks (q2wks; n = 27), or placebo (n = 41) for 26 weeks (days 0-182). The Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (AE-QoL) was administered monthly, consisting of four domain (functioning, fatigue/mood, fears/shame, nutrition) and total scores. The generic EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was administered on days 0, 98, and 182. Comparisons were made between placebo and (a) all lanadelumab-treated patients and (b) individual lanadelumab groups for changes in scores (day 0-182) and proportions achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID, -6) in AE-QoL total score., Results: Compared with the placebo group, the lanadelumab total group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in AE-QoL total and domain scores (mean change, -13.0 to -29.3; p < 0.05 for all); the largest improvement was in functioning. A significantly greater proportion of the lanadelumab total group achieved the MCID (70% vs 37%; p = 0.001). The lanadelumab 300 mg q2wks group had the highest proportion (81%; p = 0.001) and was 7.2 times more likely to achieve the MCID than the placebo group. Mean EQ-5D-5L scores at day 0 were high in all groups, indicating low impairment, with no significant changes at day 182., Conclusion: Patients with HAE-1/2 experienced significant and clinically meaningful improvements in HRQoL measured by AE-QoL following lanadelumab treatment in the HELP Study., (© 2020 Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Limited. Allergy published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Long-term prophylaxis with subcutaneous C1-inhibitor (C1-INH[SC]; HAEGARDA, CSL Behring) in patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE) due to C1-INH deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) was evaluated in an open-label extension follow-up study to the international, double-blind, placebo-controlled COMPACT study. The current analysis evaluated patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data from 126 patients in the open-label extension study randomized to treatment with C1-INH(SC) 40 IU/kg (n = 63) or 60 IU/kg (n = 63) twice weekly for 52 weeks. HRQoL was evaluated at the beginning of the open-label study and at various time points using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI), and the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication. The disease-specific Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (AE-QoL) and HAE quality of life questionnaire (HAE-QoL) instruments were administered in a subset of patients. Statistical significance was determined by change-from-baseline 95% confidence intervals (CIs) excluding zero. No adjustment for multiplicity was done., Results: Mean baseline EQ-5D scores (Health State Value, 0.90; Visual Analog Scale, 81.32) were slightly higher (better) than United States population norms (0.825, 80.0, respectively) and mean HADS anxiety (5.48) and depression (2.88) scores were within "normal" range (0-7). Yet, patients using C1-INH(SC) 60 IU/kg demonstrated significant improvement from baseline to end-of-study on the EQ-5D Health State Value (mean change [95% CI], 0.07 [0.01, 0.12] and Visual Analog Scale (7.45 [3.29, 11.62]). In the C1-INH(SC) 60 IU/kg group, there were significant improvements in the HADS anxiety scale (mean change [95% CI], - 1.23 [- 2.08, - 0.38]), HADS depression scale (- 0.95 [- 1.57, - 0.34]), and WPAI-assessed presenteeism (mean change [95% CI], - 23.33% [- 34.86, - 11.81]), work productivity loss (- 26.68% [- 39.92, - 13.44]), and activity impairment (- 16.14% [- 26.36, - 5.91]). Clinically important improvements were achieved in ≥ 25% of patients for all domains except WPAI-assessed absenteeism (which was very low at baseline). Mean AE-QoL total score by visit ranged from 13.39 to 17.89 (scale 0-100; lower scores = less impairment). Mean HAE-QoL global scores at each visit (115.7-122.3) were close to the maximum (best) possible score of 135., Conclusions: Long-term C1-INH(SC) replacement therapy in patients with C1-INH-HAE leads to significant and sustained improvements in multiple measures of HRQoL. Trial registration A Study to Evaluate the Long-term Clinical Safety and Efficacy of Subcutaneously Administered C1-esterase Inhibitor in the Prevention of Hereditary Angioedema, NCT02316353. Registered December 12, 2014, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02316353 .

Scientific and clinical progress together with the development of effective novel therapeutic options has engendered multiple important changes in the diagnosis and management of hereditary angioedema (HAE). We now update and extend the 2013 United States Hereditary Angioedema Association Medical Advisory Board guidelines for the treatment and management of HAE. The guidelines are based on a comprehensive literature review with recommendations indicating both the strength of our recommendation and the quality of the underlying evidence. Guidelines are provided regarding the classification, diagnosis, on-demand treatment, prophylactic treatment, special considerations for women and children, development of a comprehensive management and monitoring plan, and assessment of burden of illness for both HAE due to C1 inhibitor deficiency and HAE with normal C1 inhibitor. Advances in HAE treatment now allow the development of management plans that can help many patients with HAE lead a normal life. Achieving this goal requires that physicians be familiar with the diagnostic and therapeutic transformations that have occurred in recent years., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)