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INTRODUÇÃO: Elevados níveis de triglicerídeos no soro estão associados com condições patogênicas que aceleram a aterosclerose, além de existirem evidências de que a hipertrigliceridemia é um fator de risco independente para doenças coronarianas, pois contribui para as cardiopatias devido a efeito aterogênico direto das lipoproteínas ricas em triglicerídeos. Variações muito grandes na dosagem do colesterol e triglicérides limitam sua utilização clínica. Estas variações podem ser analíticas, quando relacionadas a metodologia e a procedimentos utilizados pelos laboratórios, e pré-analíticas, quando se referem a fatores intrínsecos do indivíduo. OBJETIVOS: Usando o mesmo método laboratorial, analisaram-se possíveis alterações nos níveis lipídicos dos pacientes a fim de questionar a verdadeira validade de o jejum de 12 horas, anterior à punção, ser suficiente para que se possam realizar dosagens fidedignas com o perfil do paciente. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram analisados soros de 29 pacientes, colhidos em dois distintos dias: na segunda-feira e na quinta-feira da mesma semana. RESULTADOS: Podemos observar variações quanto à dosagem de triglicerídeos em diferentes dias da semana, quando os níveis de tal parâmetro, na segunda-feira apresentam-se mais elevados do que na quinta-feira, mesmo que o paciente tenha feito um rigoroso jejum de 12 horas antes de ambas as coletas. O colesterol total, a HDL, a LDL e a VLDL não se mostraram com variação estatisticamente significativas. Discussão: Sendo assim, o jejum recomendado de 12 horas não é suficiente para avaliar o real perfil lipídico do paciente.

Italy’s demographic setting is rapidly evolving and is characterized by a substantial increase in the older population segment. This trend, driven by prolonged life expectancy and declining birth rates, positions Italy as a leader in global aging patterns. The 38th National Congress of the Società Italiana di Geriatria Ospedale e Territorio (SIGOT), held in Rome, underlined the importance of addressing the health needs of this aging population, particularly focusing on preventing sarcopenia and cardiovascular diseases. Recent data challenge the notion of functional decline as an inevitable consequence of aging, highlighting the interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors in modulating health outcomes. Sarcopenia, a prevalent condition and biological substrate of frailty, significantly impacts physical function and mortality rates, necessitating behavioral interventions to mitigate its effects. Physical exercise emerges as a key strategy for maintaining cardiovascular health and reducing the risk of arrhythmias, prevalent in older age groups. However, the complex relationship between physical activity intensity, age, and cardiovascular risk underlines the importance of tailored interventions and preliminary screenings. Looking ahead, proactive measures such as enhanced screening, promoting lifelong healthy habits, research and innovation, robust community support systems, and adaptable policies are essential to address the multifaceted challenges posed by an aging population. With this consensus paper, we aimed to summarize the key messages from the three intensive days of the SIGOT National Congress.

Purpose: We present two patients who developed neurogenic stuttering after long COVID-19 related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods and Results: Both patients experienced both physical (e.g., fatigue) and cognitive difficulties, which led to impaired function of attention, lexical retrieval, and memory consolidation. Both patients had new-onset stuttering-like speech dysfluencies: Blocks and repetitions were especially evident at the initial part of words and sentences, sometimes accompanied by effortful and associated movements (e.g., facial grimaces and oro-facial movements). Neuropsychological evaluations confirmed the presence of difficulties in cognitive tasks, while neurophysiological evaluations (i.e., electroencephalography) suggested the presence of "slowed" patterns of brain activity. Neurogenic stuttering and cognitive difficulties were evident for 4-5 months after negativization of SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab, with gradual improvement and near-to-complete recovery. Conclusions: It is now evident that SARS-CoV-2 infection may significantly involve the central nervous system, also resulting in severe and long-term consequences, even if the precise mechanisms are still unknown. In the present report, long COVID-19 resulted in neurogenic stuttering, as the likely consequence of a "slowed" metabolism of (pre)frontal and sensorimotor brain regions (as suggested by the present and previous clinical evidence). As a consequence, the pathophysiological mechanisms related to the appearance of neurogenic stuttering have been hypothesized, which help to better understand the broader and possible neurological consequences of COVID-19.

IntroductionZika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated to Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and congenital malformations during pregnancy, leading to the manifestation of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). The ZIKV envelope protein (EZIKV), prominently displayed on the virus surface, is a primary target for the humoral immune response. However, limited information exists regarding its capacity to induce cellular immunity, particularly in pregnant women with a history of ZIKV infection. The EZIKV protein comprises three domains: the central domain (EDI), a dimerization domain (EDII), and a domain responsible for binding to the cell surface receptor (EDIII). To examine the regions of EZIKV targeted by cellular immunity, we examined cellular immune responses in a cohort of mothers infected with ZIKV, whose infants exhibited microcephaly.MethodsTo assess the ZIKV-specific response, we used inactivated virus and different recombinant viral envelope proteins (EZIKV, EDI/IIZIKV and EDIIIZIKV). All women in the study contracted the infection during pregnancy, with 72% experiencing symptoms such as fever, rash, joint pain, and retro-orbital pain. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) were collected post- ZIKV diagnosis confirmation, with a median time of 18 months (IQR 13.5-19) after parturition. Using the ELISpot assay, we quantified specific interferon-gamma (IFNγ) producing cells by stimulating PBMC with either inactivated ZIKV particles or equimolar amounts of recombinant EZIKV, EDI/IIZIKV and EDIIIZIKV.Results and discussionOur findings demonstrate the induction of IFN-γ producing cells in PBMC from ZIKV-convalescent mothers, whose infants manifested microcephaly, upon stimulation with both inactivated ZIKV particles and recombinant proteins. The identification of immunodominant regions within ZIKV can contribute for the development of targeted treatments and vaccine candidates tailored for pregnant women.

O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar sistematicamente a contribuição da família e da escola no desenvolvimento de habilidades para a vida (HV) no contexto de formação esportiva. As buscas foram conduzidas em sete bases de dados e por meio da pesquisa de referências. Foram seguidas as descrições do Prisma, identificando 51 estudos. Os resultados demonstraram uma predominância de investigações no Canadá e nos Estados Unidos. Os autores dos estudos têm utilizado diferentes instrumentos, variáveis e modelos teóricos para verificar a contribuição da escola e/ou da família no desenvolvimento de habilidades para a vida. Conclui-se que o envolvimento escolar e o familiar no esporte podem contribuir com a aquisição, refinamento e transferência de características que podem ser aplicadas na vida dos indivíduos. Por fim, existe a necessidade de construir instrumentos quantitativos específicos que avaliem em conjunto a contribuição da escola e da família neste processo.

RESUMO: As reflexões da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade sobre a razão instrumental estão no cerne das análises críticas às catástrofes do século XX, representadas por Auschwitz. O imperativo ético expresso por Adorno para a educação, de que Auschwiz não se repita, segue sendo importante na medida em que as mudanças históricas ocorridas no século XXI não alteraram as características fundamentais da razão instrumental. A atual tendência de propor o ajustamento da escola às demandas criadas pelas tecnologias digitais é apontada neste artigo como um sintoma da persistência do predomínio da razão instrumental na educação. O objetivo deste artigo é criticar a forma como vem sendo proposta a inserção de novas tecnologias na escola por deixar de considerar tanto a dimensão ética da educação como as relações entre forma e conteúdo nos novos aparatos. Conclui-se que a crítica realizada ao conceito de razão instrumental continua sendo fundamental para a recuperação da discussão ética na educação.

Haemosporidia (Apicomplexa, Haemosporida) are protozoa that infect vertebrate blood cells and are transmitted by vectors. Among vertebrates, birds possess the greatest diversity of haemosporidia, historically placed in 3 genera: Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium, the causative agent of avian malaria. In South America, existing data on haemosporidia are spatially and temporally dispersed, so increased surveillance is needed to improve the determination and diagnosis of these parasites. During the non-breeding season in 2020 and 2021, 60 common terns (Sterna hirundo) were captured and bled as part of ongoing research on the population health of migratory birds on the Argentinian Atlantic coast. Blood samples and blood smears were obtained. Fifty-eight samples were screened for Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon, as well as for Babesia parasites by nested polymerase chain reaction and by microscopic examination of smears. Two positive samples for Plasmodium were found. The cytochrome b lineages detected in the present study are found for the first time, and are close to Plasmodium lineages found in other bird orders. The low prevalence (3.6%) of haemoparasites found in this research was similar to those reported for previous studies on seabirds, including Charadriiformes. Our findings provide new information about the distribution and prevalence of haemosporidian parasites from charadriiforms in the southernmost part of South America, which remains understudied.

Objective: To identify the association between individual and socioeconomic factors during the first thousand days of the child's life and the occurrence of risk behaviors for the development of malocclusions. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study. A sample of 655 6-year-old schoolchildren and families was included. Interviews with mothers were performed at home. The dependent variables were risk behaviors to the development of malocclusions. Independent variables were socioeconomic conditions, aspects of gestation, birth and health of the child up to two years of age. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed through Poisson regression. Results: Maternal education of less than eight years was independently associated with the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding until the fourth month (PR=1.58 CI 95%; 1.07; 2.37). Occupation of the mother with income [PR=1.26; 1.02; 1.56)], occupation of the father without income [PR=1.46 (1.01; 2.14)] were associated fwith interruption of breastfeeding until the sixth month. Pregnancy in adolescence [PR=0.83 (0.70; 0.98)] and nursery attendance [PR=1.15 (1.02; 1.28)] were associated with bottle use. Nursery attendance [PR=1.27 (1.01; 1.59)], hospitalization in the first 29 days of life [PR=1.34 (1.01; 1.80)], occurrence of reflux [PR=1.30 (1.01; 1.70)] were associated with pacifier using. Conclusion: Variables related to the period of the first thousand days of life are associated with higher risk behaviors for the occurrence of malocclusions.

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of developmental defects in dental enamel and its possible association with prenatal, neonatal and postnatal conditions in six-year-old schoolchildren in a southern Brazilian municipality. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 655 six-year-old schoolchildren. Sociodemographic and health data were collected through interviews with mothers and children’s oral examinations at schools. Multivariate analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust estimator. Results: The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel was 44.0%. Demarcated opacities were the most prevalent, followed by diffuse opacities. Late pregnancy, maternal schooling less than eight years, female gender and child’s white skin color were independently associated with the prevalence of demarcated opacities. Conclusions: The prevalence of developmental defects in dental enamel was 44.0%. Late pregnancy, maternal schooling less than eight years, female gender and child’s white skin color were associated with the prevalences.

O artigo aborda os desafios enfrentados por professoras de 4º e 5º anos do Ensino Fundamental I, durante a pandemia de Covid-19, no ensino das práticas discursivas da língua portuguesa. A pesquisa utiliza a abordagem qualitativa/interpretativista, por meio de revisão bibliográfica, questionários, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante. Os resultados consideram que o ensino remoto e híbrido, adotado pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação, não proporcionou uma aprendizagem significativa em relação às práticas discursivas, de acordo com a perspectiva enunciativo-discursiva presente nos documentos educacionais vigentes. Destaca-se a importância de os professores discutirem e refletirem sobre os impactos pedagógicos e laborais, vivenciados durante e após a pandemia, para desenvolverem um trabalho efetivo e significativo com a língua portuguesa.

Objetivo: O acesso à informação, ao conhecimento a respeito de determinado assunto é fundamental para a eliminação de preconceitos, comportamentos discriminatórios, entre outras questões. Neste sentido, o estudo tem como proposta apresentar o capacitismo e suas formas de opressão instituídas na sociedade. Método: Teórico-reflexivo, fundamentado por uma revisão de literatura de natureza exploratória com abordagem qualitativa nos moldes de um ensaio. Resultado: Por intermédio de um estudo teórico, de cunho ensaístico, ressaltamos que comportamentos capacitistas podem acontecer de forma subliminar por meio de demonstrações ditas piedosas ou de expressões preconceituosas revestidas de caráter filantrópico relacionadas às características físicas ou mentais de indivíduos considerados deficientes. O capacitismo também se revela de forma explícita por meio de expressões e olhares ofensivos e distanciamento corporal. Conclusões: Conhecer, via acesso às informações, essas formas de desrespeito às diversidades humanas, constitui-se no primeiro passo rumo à desconstrução do capacitismo em uma sociedade que almeja ser inclusiva. De acordo com esse quadro, evidenciamos o papel da Ciência da Informação na disseminação de conhecimentos acerca da temática, bem como no emprego determos de cunho ético, em seus produtos documentários.

Abstract Recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection have highlighted the need for a better understanding of ZIKV-specific immune responses. The ZIKV envelope glycoprotein (EZIKV) is the most abundant protein on the virus surface and it is the main target of the protective immune response. EZIKV protein contains the central domain (EDI), a dimerization domain containing the fusion peptide (EDII), and a domain that binds to the cell surface receptor (EDIII). In this study, we performed a systematic comparison of the specific immune response induced by different EZIKV recombinant proteins (EZIKV, EDI/IIZIKV or EDIIIZIKV) in two mice strains. Immunization induced high titers of E-specific antibodies which recognized ZIKV-infected cells and neutralized the virus. Furthermore, immunization with EZIKV, EDI/IIZIKV and EDIIIZIKV proteins induced specific IFNγ-producing cells and polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Finally, we identified 4 peptides present in the envelope protein (E1–20, E51–70, E351–370 and E361–380), capable of inducing a cellular immune response to the H-2Kd and H-2Kb haplotypes. In summary, our work provides a detailed assessment of the immune responses induced after immunization with different regions of the ZIKV envelope protein.

Neurological involvement following coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is thought to have a neuroinflammatory etiology. Co-ultraPEALut (an anti-inflammatory molecule) and luteolin (an anti-oxidant) have shown promising results as neuroinflammation antagonists. The aim of this study was to describe cognitive impairment in patients with post-COVID-19 treated with co-ultraPEALut. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Prospective–Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ), the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and a subjective assessment were administered at baseline and after 10 months. Patients treated with co-ultraPEALut were retrospectively compared with controls. Twenty-six patients treated with co-ultraPEALut showed a significant improvement in PRMQ (T0: 51.94 ± 10.55, T1: 39.67 ± 13.02, p < 0.00001) and MoCA raw score (T0: 25.76 ± 2.3, T1: 27.2 ± 2, p 0.0260); the MoCA-adjusted score and the FSS questionnaires also showed an improvement, even though it was not statistically significant; and 80.77% of patients reported a subjective improvement. In the control subjects (n = 15), the improvement was not as pronounced (PRMQ T0: 45.77 ± 13.47, T1: 42.33 ± 16.86, p 0.2051; FSS T0: 4.95 ± 1.57, T1: 4.06 ± 1.47, p 0.1352). Patients treated with co-ultraPEALut and corticosteroids were not statistically different from those treated with co-ultraPEALut alone. Neuro-post-COVID-19 patients treated with co-ultraPEALut scored better than controls in MoCA and PRMQ questionnaires after 10 months: this may support the importance of neuroinflammation modulation for neuro-long-COVID-19.

Introduction: the use of contraceptives has been growing every year, being one of the main reasons for the reduction in total fertility rates, including in the younger population, such as university students. Objective: identify the consumption of hormonal contraceptives and associated factors among university students. Methods: the study population consisted of university students enrolled in undergraduate courses at the Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), in Londrina, Paraná state, Brazil, in 2019, members of the larger project called GraduaUEL. The students answered an instrument built on anon-line digital platform. The dependent variable was the consumption of hormonal contraceptives, and the independent variables were sociodemographic aspects, lifestyle and health. Measured associations were verified using Poisson Regression, with calculation of the Prevalence Ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: of the 2,221 students evaluated, the consumption of contraceptives was identified by 13.0%, higher among white/yellow women, who reported being heterosexual, who had parents with higher education, who reported having a private health plan and partner, and who practiced physical activity at least twice a week. However, only the fact of being heterosexual showed a significant association after the adjusted analysis (PR: 1.865; 95% CI: 1.308-2.659). Conclusions: in light of the above, the need to prepare health professionals about contraceptives and their adverse effects is clear, as well as what social issues should be considered in the process of using contraceptives, to combat discrimination, social and economic inequality regarding access and the use of these medications.

IntroductionIn the present study we evaluated the features of different recombinant forms of Zika virus (ZIKV) proteins produced in either bacterial (Eschericha coli) or insect cells (Drosophila melanogaster). The ZIKV-envelope glycoprotein (EZIKV) is responsible for virus entry into host cells, is the main target of neutralizing antibodies and has been used as a target antigen either for serological tests or for the development of subunit vaccines. The EZIKV is composed of three structural and functional domains (EDI, EDII, and EDIII), which share extensive sequence conservation with the corresponding counterparts expressed by other flaviviruses, particularly the different dengue virus (DENV) subtypes.MethodsIn this study, we carried out a systematic comparison of the antigenicity and immunogenicity of recombinant EZIKV, EDI/IIZIKV and EDIIIZIKV produced in E. coli BL21 and Drosophila S2 cells. For the antigenicity analysis we collected 88 serum samples from ZIKV-infected participants and 57 serum samples from DENV-infected. For immunogenicity, C57BL/6 mice were immunized with two doses of EZIKV, EDI/IIZIKV and EDIIIZIKV produced in E. coli BL21 and Drosophila S2 cells to evaluate humoral and cellular immune response. In addition, AG129 mice were immunized with EZIKV and then challenge with ZIKV.ResultsTesting of samples collected from ZIKV-infected and DENV-infected participants demonstrated that the EZIKV and EDIIIZIKV produced in BL21 cells presented better sensitivity and specificity compared to proteins produced in S2 cells. In vivo analyses were carried out with C57BL/6 mice and the results indicated that, despite similar immunogenicity, antigens produced in S2 cells, particularly EZIKV and EDIIIZIKV, induced higher ZIKV-neutralizing antibody levels in vaccinated mice. In addition, immunization with EZIKV expressed in S2 cells delayed the onset of symptoms and increased survival rates in immunocompromised mice. All recombinant antigens, either produced in bacteria or insect cells, induced antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.ConclusionIn conclusion, the present study highlights the differences in antigenicity and immunogenicity of recombinant ZIKV antigens produced in two heterologous protein expression systems.

ABSTRACT Background Methods Results Conclusion Dental trauma (DT) and falls have shown to be associated. On the other hand, postural balance is associated with falls and depends on the integration of the body's regulatory systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between DT and alteration of orthostatic balance in children.This was a population‐based case–control study involving 296 six‐year‐old schoolchildren. The case group included children with previous history of DT. The control group included children with no previous history of DT. Stabilometric measurements were the main exposure of this study. Logistic regression analyzes were performed to estimate potential differences in terms of chance of occurrence.The cases reviewed showed a 4.37 times chance of reduced balance in the measurement of the anteroposterior trajectory speed of the orthostatic center of pressure (COP), when children had their eyes closed. It also presented a chance of 3.06 times reduced balance in the measurement of the orthostatic center of pressure latero‐lateral sway, with children with open eyes and stepping on a foam pad, and 4.00 times of reduced balance in the width of the latero‐lateral sway of the orthostatic center of pressure, with children with open eyes and stepping on a foam pad.Children with previous history of DT showed a higher chance of experiencing a reduced orthostatic balance in different conditions when compared to children without the occurrence of trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O artigo retrata debate entre os autores sobre o Direito, Desenvolvimento e Impacto das Decisões Judiciais em evento organizado pela ENFAM, cujo objetivo foi discutir sobre qual o papel do Poder Judiciário no julgamento de demandas judiciais que tenham como fundamento o desenvolvimento social. A partir de uma perspectiva histórica e da realidade social brasileira, os autores, nas devidas proporções das falas, questionam e propõe formas de atuação do Judiciário, a fim de lidar com tal desafio institucional.

We analysed the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from rapeseed leaf litter and their potential to create secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) under three different conditions, i.e., (i) in the presence of UV light irradiation, (ii) in the presence of ozone, and (iii) with both ozone and UV light. These experiments were performed in a controlled atmospheric simulation chamber containing leaf litter samples, where BVOC and aerosol number concentrations were measured for 6 d. Our results show that BVOC emission profiles were affected by UV light irradiation which increased the summed BVOC emissions compared to the experiment with solely O3. Furthermore, the diversity of emitted VOCs from the rapeseed litter also increased in the presence of UV light irradiation. SOA formation was observed when leaf litter was exposed to both UV light and O3, indicating a potential contribution to particle formation or growth at local scales. To our knowledge, this study investigates, for the first time, the effect of UV irradiation and O3 exposure on both VOC emissions and SOA formation for leaf litter samples. A detailed discussion about the processes behind the biological production of the most important VOC is proposed.

Biosensors based on surface acoustic waves (SAWs) offer unique advantages due to their high sensitivity, real-time response capability, and label-free detection. The typical SAW modes are the Rayleigh mode and the shear-horizontal mode. Both present pros and cons for biosensing applications and generally need different substrates and device geometries to be efficiently generated. This study investigates and characterizes SAW resonator biosensors on lithium niobate in terms of modes generated and biosensing performance. It reveals the simultaneous presence of two typical SAW modes, the first around 1.6 GHz and the second around 1.9 GHz, differently polarized and clearly separated in frequency, which we refer to as slow and fast modes. The two modes are studied by numerical simulations and biosensing experiments with the glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein (GFAP) biomarker. The slow mode is generally more sensitive to changes in surface properties, such as temperature and mass changes, by a factor of about 1.4 with respect to the fast mode.

Objetivo: Compreender o processo de autoavaliação da infraestrutura e oferta de serviços de gestão de dados de pesquisa, por meio do diagnóstico da Universidade Estadual Paulista utilizando a ferramenta de autoavaliação Research Infrastructure Self-Evaluation. Método: A pesquisa de cunho exploratória, aplicada e de natureza qualitativa, que se constituiu na autoavaliação realizada junto à Universidade Estadual Paulista, com o uso do Research Infrastructure Self-Evaluation, gerando um spider chart, visando avaliar a infraestrutura e a oferta de serviços de gestão de dados de pesquisa. A coleta de dados consistiu na aplicação do Research Infrastructure Self-Evaluation, tendo como resultado o mapeamento das práticas de gestão de dados de pesquisa na Instituição. Resultado: A partir do mapeamento foi possível a análise dos pontos fortes e necessidades de melhoria da infraestrutura de apoio à gestão de dados de pesquisa na Universidade Estadual Paulista, possibilitando à Instituição verificar aspectos que demandam investimentos, visando aperfeiçoar a infraestrutura e os serviços de apoio ao pesquisador. Conclusões: A partir da autoavaliação e da análise dos aspectos relacionados à gestão de dados de pesquisa, foi possível identificar os pontos fortes, dentre os quais se destaca a atenção institucional para políticas que, embora generalista, pode ser aplicada à gestão de dados de pesquisa. Por outro lado, para que a infraestrutura e os serviços de gestão de dados de pesquisa sejam adequadamente estruturados é necessário um olhar global da Universidade Estadual Paulista para todos os aspectos que compõem a gestão dos dados de pesquisa, conforme estruturado no modelo Research Infrastructure Self-Evaluation e, por meio do resultado da autoavaliação investir no preenchimento de lacunas ora existentes e saná-las em benefício do pesquisador, dos seus resultados de pesquisa, da comunidade científica, da sociedade e da própria instituição.

In 2015, the world witnessed the resurgence and global spread of Zika virus (ZIKV). This arbovirus infection is associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and with devastating congenital malformations during pregnancy. Despite scientific efforts, the development of a vaccine capable of inducing long-term protection has been challenging. Without a safe and efficacious licensed vaccine, control of virus transmission is based on vector control, but this strategy has been shown to be inefficient. An effective and protective vaccine relies on several requirements, which include: (i) induction of specific immune response against immunodominant antigens; (ii) selection of adjuvant-antigen formulation; and (iii) assessment of safety, effectiveness, and long-term protection. In this commentary, we provide a brief overview about the current efforts for the development of an efficacious ZIKV vaccine, covering the most important preclinical trials up to the formulations that are now being evaluated in clinical trials.

A metodologia ativa cria um ambiente propício para que o acadêmico tenha a possibilidade de ser resolutivo frente a um desafio, gerando o perfil profissional que está em consonância com as competências gerais dos profissionais da saúde. O intuito deste desígnio é propor a experiência de utilização de metodologia ativa para cursos superiores de ciências da saúde, que solidifique os mecanismos envolvidos na transcrição genética, um conteúdo de grande importância técnica. Através da confecção e colagem de cartazes, a dinâmica interativa propõe a formação das fitas de DNA e a produção das fitas de transcrito primário e mRNA maduro. Através desta abordagem, este estudo é uma alternativa altamente enquadrada nas novas tendências pedagógicas que coloca o aluno como agente imbuído na construção do saber. Ademais, mostra-se um excelente procedimento por ser capaz de desenvolver competências no aluno, como tomada de decisão, comunicação, comprometimento, autonomia e trabalho em equipe, além de evidenciar a aplicabilidade da fundamentação biológica na prática clínica e profissional futura. A aplicação de mecanismos lúdicos impacta positivamente no aprendizado, tirando o indivíduo de sua zona de conforto ao mesmo tempo em que potenciam a criatividade e contribuem para o desenvolvimento intelectual. Estratégias de ensino estruturadas como esta, tornam a didática acadêmica mais assertiva no desenvolvimento acadêmico do aluno.

Introdução: O expressivo volume de informações e conhecimentos produzidos nas diversas áreas do conhecimento revela a necessidade de discutir e aperfeiçoar propostas que contribuam para a organização desse acervo documental. Tendo em vista a importante reflexão do processo saúde-doença, é notória a importância da prática profissional em saúde, como possibilidades de desenvolvimento do campo da Saúde Coletiva. Objetivos: Evidenciar a representação informacional no âmbito da Saúde Coletiva. Investigar a formação acadêmica dos autores de dissertações e teses. Apresentar por meio dos títulos dos trabalhos científicos, os indicadores de assunto, como contribuição para o contexto da saúde pública brasileira. Resultados: Observa-se que, a área de formação acadêmica do autor, em sua maioria, está relacionada aos indicadores de assuntos das dissertações e teses defendidas e aprovadas. São pesquisas congruentes, com abordagens pertinentes as necessidades de saúde da população. Assim, reforça-se que o profissional que atua no campo da Saúde Coletiva prioriza a promoção, prevenção, recuperação da saúde e articula o campo com saberes, práticas e temáticas de intervenção. Bem como, a aplicação de pressupostos da Ciência da Informação torna-se de grande valia no que diz respeito à recuperação, ao acesso desses objetos informacionais.

Objective: to identify the frequency of DILI inpatients from abnormal liver enzyme levels using the updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) causality assessment algorithm, as well as to provide a descriptive analysis of DILI cases. Methods: we conducted a crosssectional study in a medium complexity hospital in southern Brazil. Data regarding DILI was collected retrospectively from electronic medical records (EMR) in 2015. Inclusion criteria were all adult patients (≥ 18 years old) who presented alanine aminotransferase (ALT) greater than twice the superior limit of normality (ALT > 60 UI/L) with concomitant change of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or change of ALP greater than twice the superior limit of normality (ALP > 250 UI/L) during hospitalization. The RUCAM was applied to all suspected DILI cases. Results: 84,134 inpatients in this period; 178 patients had abnormal liver tests, six patients had sufficient medical information to allow DILI causality assessment, and two patients had DILI described in EMR, although our group could not find suficient information to apply RUCAM retrospectively. Absence of information was mainly related to drug reconciliation at hospital admission, time of onset of suspected drug therapy and no description of previous clinical conditions in EMR. Four patients developed hepatic injury as a result of drug treatment initiated during hospitalization. Suspected drugs were antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiviral, tuberculostatics and platelet antiaggregant. Liver injury pattern was identified as hepatocellular and mixed. Conclusion: DILI appeared as a rare ADR, but absence of data in most EMR affected the application of RUCAM and underestimated DILI frequency. There is an urgency to develop DILI knowledge in Brazilian hospitals. Pharmacists must be aware of the use of the updated RUCAM to prospectively assess possible DILI cases. For future research, we suggest to combine cross-linking DILI tracers such as ICD-10 liver injury codes, abnormal liver biomarkers, search for trigger hepatotoxicity drugs and EMR text search tools, adding artificial intelligence to pharmacovigilance and hospital pharmacy.

Epitopes that bind simultaneously to all human alleles of Major Histocompatibility Complex class II (MHC II) are considered one of the key factors for the development of improved vaccines and cancer immunotherapies. To engineer MHC II multiple-allele binders, we developed a protocol called PanMHC-PARCE, based on the unsupervised optimization of the epitope sequence by single-point mutations, parallel explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations and scoring of the MHC II-epitope complexes. The key idea is accepting mutations that not only improve the affinity but also reduce the affinity gap between the alleles. We applied this methodology to enhance a Plasmodium vivax epitope for multiple-allele binding. In vitro rate-binding assays showed that four engineered peptides were able to bind with improved affinity toward multiple human MHC II alleles. Moreover, we demonstrated that mice immunized with the peptides exhibited interferon-gamma cellular immune response. Overall, the method enables the engineering of peptides with improved binding properties that can be used for the generation of new immunotherapies.