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Your search keyword '"Lundberg, T. R."' showing total 8 results
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8 results on '"Lundberg, T. R."'

2. The International Olympic Committee framework on fairness, inclusion and nondiscrimination on the basis of gender identity and sex variations does not protect fairness for female athletes

Author

Lundberg, T. R., Tucker, R., McGawley, Kerry, Williams, A. G., Millet, G. P., Sandbakk, Ø., Howatson, G., Brown, G. A., Carlson, L. A., Chantler, S., Chen, M. A., Heffernan, S. M., Heron, N., Kirk, C., Murphy, M. H., Pollock, N., Pringle, J., Richardson, A., Santos-Concejero, J., Stebbings, G. K., Christiansen, A. V., Phillips, S. M., Devine, C., Jones, C., Pike, J., Hilton, E. N., Lundberg, T. R., Tucker, R., McGawley, Kerry, Williams, A. G., Millet, G. P., Sandbakk, Ø., Howatson, G., Brown, G. A., Carlson, L. A., Chantler, S., Chen, M. A., Heffernan, S. M., Heron, N., Kirk, C., Murphy, M. H., Pollock, N., Pringle, J., Richardson, A., Santos-Concejero, J., Stebbings, G. K., Christiansen, A. V., Phillips, S. M., Devine, C., Jones, C., Pike, J., and Hilton, E. N.

Abstract

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) recently published a framework on fairness, inclusion, and nondiscrimination on the basis of gender identity and sex variations. Although we appreciate the IOC's recognition of the role of sports science and medicine in policy development, we disagree with the assertion that the IOC framework is consistent with existing scientific and medical evidence and question its recommendations for implementation. Testosterone exposure during male development results in physical differences between male and female bodies; this process underpins male athletic advantage in muscle mass, strength and power, and endurance and aerobic capacity. The IOC's “no presumption of advantage” principle disregards this reality. Studies show that transgender women (male-born individuals who identify as women) with suppressed testosterone retain muscle mass, strength, and other physical advantages compared to females; male performance advantage cannot be eliminated with testosterone suppression. The IOC's concept of “meaningful competition” is flawed because fairness of category does not hinge on closely matched performances. The female category ensures fair competition for female athletes by excluding male advantages. Case-by-case testing for transgender women may lead to stigmatization and cannot be robustly managed in practice. We argue that eligibility criteria for female competition must consider male development rather than relying on current testosterone levels. Female athletes should be recognized as the key stakeholders in the consultation and decision-making processes. We urge the IOC to reevaluate the recommendations of their Framework to include a comprehensive understanding of the biological advantages of male development to ensure fairness and safety in female sports.

Published
2024
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8. Truncated splice variant PGC-1 α4 is not associated with exercise-induced human muscle hypertrophy.

Author

Lundberg, T. R., Fernandez‐Gonzalo, R., Norrbom, J., Fischer, H., Tesch, P. A., and Gustafsson, T.

Subjects
*MUSCULAR hypertrophy, *SKELETAL muscle, *MUSCLES, *ISOMETRIC exercise, *MUSCLE strength, *SURGERY
Abstract

Introduction A truncated PGC-1 α splice variant ( PGC-1 α4) has been implicated in the regulation of resistance exercise ( RE)-induced muscle hypertrophy, and basal expression levels said to be augmented in response to concurrent aerobic ( AE) and RE training. Aim The current study investigated human muscle truncated and non-truncated PGC-1 α transcripts in response to both acute and chronic RE, and with or without preceding AE ( AE+ RE). Methods Ten men performed 5 weeks of unilateral AE+ RE and RE training. Before (untrained) and after (trained) this intervention, PGC-1 α transcripts were assessed in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies obtained before and 3 h after acute RE, with or without preceding AE. Additionally, samples were collected 72 h after the last exercise bout of the training programme. Results The truncated splice variant increased ( P < 0.05) its expression after acute exercise regardless of mode. However, the expression was greater ( P < 0.05) after AE+ RE than RE. Other PGC-1 α transcripts showed similar response. Truncated transcripts originated from both the alternative and proximal promoter, and AE+ RE increased PGC-1 α expression from both promoter sites. RE induced transcripts from the alternative promoter only. PGC-1 α expressions after acute exercise were comparable across isoforms in both untrained and trained muscle. Steady-state levels of isoforms were unchanged after 5-week training ( P > 0.05). Exercise-induced expression of PGC-1 α variants did not correlate with changes in muscle size or strength ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Our results do not support the view that truncated PGC-1 α coordinates exercise-induced hypertrophy in human skeletal muscle. Rather, all PGC-1 α isoforms appear to be regulated transiently in response to acute exercise and regardless of mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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