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Människor lever längre och den äldre generationen är också generellt mer aktiva än tidigare. Det medför att behovet av anpassade bostäder som klarar dessa krav också ökar. Ett exempel på ett sådant boende är trygghetsboende. Det finns regler och krav för hur ett trygghetsboende ska utformas. Det innebär dock inte att boendet automatiskt uppnår syftet det är menat för, alltså ett boende som kan öka livskvaliteten, skapa gemenskap, kännas tryggt och där äldre kan trivas. Syftet med arbetet är att skapa ett trygghetsboende som bidrar till ökad livskvalité och som upplevs trivsamt och tryggt. Målet är att identifiera vilka faktorer som bidrar till detta för att sedan exemplifiera dem i ett gestaltningsförslag. En kvalitativ metod i form av fallstudie med intervjuer genomfördes för att kunna uppnå mål och syfte. Centralt läge och tillgängligt utformad inom- och utomhusmiljö var faktorer som bidrog till trivsel och trygghet medan självständighet, god hälsa, social samvaro och närhet till vänner och familj höjde livskvalitén. Faktorer som bidrar till ökad livskvalité och till vad som är trivsamt och tryggt är väldigt subjektivt. Alla människor är olika och ett tryggt boende kan innebära många skilda ting. Faktorerna som framträdde i resultatet stämmer dock väl överens med vetenskapliga studier som gjorts inom området. Det gör att arbetets resultat kan tillämpas som stöd vid nybyggnation eller ombyggnation av en befintlig byggnad till ett trygghetsboende., People live longer and the older generation is also generally more active than before. This also increases the need for custom housing that meets these demands. An example of such accommodation is secure housing (trygghetsboende). There are rules and requirements for the design of a secure housing, but it does not automatically mean that the accommodation reaches the purpose it is intended for, an accommodation that can enhance the quality of life, contribute to togetherness, feel safe and an accommodation to enjoy. The purpose of this study is to create a secure housing that contributes to an increased quality of life and is experienced pleasantly and safely. The goal is to identify which factors that contribute to this, and then exemplify it in a design proposal. A qualitative method in the form of a case study with interviews was conducted to answer the goal and purpose behind this study. Central location and accessible designed indoor environment and outdoor environment were factors that contributed to well-being and security while independence, good health, social cohesion and proximity to friends and family raised the quality of life. Factors that contribute to increased quality of life and to what is comfortable and safe are very subjective. All people are different and safe living can mean many different things. However, the factors that emerged in the results are consistent with scientific studies made in the area. This means that the results of this work can be used as support for new construction or conversion to a secure housing.

Regeringens rehabiliteringsgaranti kan få förödande konsekvenser för tilltron till kognitiv beteendeterapi som behandlingsmetod och för den enskilda patienten som tror sig få KBT av en kompetent behandlare. Orsaken är regeringens lågt ställda krav på behandlarnas kompetens. Rehabiliteringsgarantin bör omformuleras, anser nio KBT-företrädare.

Transmembrane alpha-helices in integral membrane proteins can have two orientations in the membrane: N(in)-C(out) or N(out)-C(in). Previous studies of model N(out)-C(in) transmembrane segment have led to a detailed, quantitative picture of the "molecular code" that relates amino acid sequence to membrane insertion efficiency in vivo [Hessa T, et al. (2007) Molecular code for transmembrane helix recognition by the Sec61 translocon. Nature 450:1026-1030], but whether the same code applies also to N(in)-C(out) transmembrane helices is unknown. Here, we show that the contributions of individual amino acids to the overall efficiency of membrane insertion are similar for the two kinds of helices and that the threshold hydrophobicity for membrane insertion can be up to approximately 1 kcal/mol lower for N(in)-C(out) compared with N(out)-C(in) transmembrane helices, depending on the neighboring helices.

By analogy to mammals, odorant receptors (ORs) in insects, such as Drosophila melanogaster, have long been thought to belong to the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. However, recent work has cast doubt on this assumption and has tentatively suggested an inverted topology compared to the canonical N(out) - C(in) 7 transmembrane (TM) GPCR topology, at least for some Drosophila ORs. Here, we report a detailed topology mapping of the Drosophila OR83b receptor using engineered glycosylation sites as topology markers. Our results are inconsistent with a classical GPCR topology and show that OR83b has an intracellular N-terminus, an extracellular C-terminus, and 7TM helices., QC 20111124

The Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (BSCL2) gene encodes an integral membrane protein, called seipin, of unknown function localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells. Seipin is associated with the heterogeneous genetic disease BSCL2, and mutations in an N-glycosylation motif links the protein to two other disorders, autosomal-dominant distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V and Silver syndrome. Here, we report a topological study of seipin using an in vitro topology mapping assay. Our results suggest that the predominant form of seipin is 462 residues long and has an N-cyt-C-cyt orientation with a long luminal loop between the two transmembrane helices.

Inter-helix hydrogen bonding involving asparagine (Asn, N), glutamine (Gin, Q), aspartic acid (Asp, D) or glutamic acid (Glu, E) can drive efficient di- or trimerization of transmembrane helices in detergent micelles and lipid bilayers. Likewise, Asn-Asn and Asp-Asp pairs can promote the formation of helical hairpins during translocon-mediated membrane protein assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum. By in vitro translation of model integral membrane protein constructs in the presence of rough microsomes, we show that Asn- or Asp-mediated interactions with a neighbouring transmembrane helix can enhance the membrane insertion efficiency of a marginally hydrophobic transmembrane segment. Our observations suggest that inter-helix hydrogen bonds can form during Sec61 translocon-assisted insertion and thus could be important for membrane protein assembly.