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Polysaccharides extracted from Taxus media hrough an aqueous method were further refined by removing proteins via the Sevag technique and purified by dialysis. The separation of these polysaccharides was accomplished using a DEAE-cellulose chromatog-raphy column, yielding two distinct fractions, named CPTM-P1 and CPTM-P2. Notably, CPTM-P1 emerged as the primary polysaccharide component within Taxus media. Consequently, a comprehensive analysis focusing exclusively on CPTM-P1 was undertaken. The molecular weight of CPTM-P1 was established through gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and its monosaccharide composition was deciphered using HPLC-MS. The structure was further elucidated through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The molecular weight of CPTM-P1 was determined to be 968.7 kDa. The monosaccharide composition consisted of galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara), galacturonic acid (Gal-UA), glucose (Glc), rhamnose (Rha), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man), fucose (Fuc), glucuronic acid (Glc-UA), and ribose (Rib). The proportional distribution of these components was 30.53%, 22.00%, 5.63%, 11.67%, 11.93%, 1.69%, 8.50%, 1.23%, 5.63%, and 1.17%, respectively. This confirmed CPTM-P1 as an acidic heteropolysaccharide with a glycuronic acid backbone. Moreover, CPTM-P1 showed immunoenhancing properties, effectively augmenting the secretion of nitric oxide and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Additionally, it significantly enhances the phagocytic capacity of RAW264.7 cells. These findings underscore the potential application of these polysaccharides in functional foods and pharmaceuticals, providing a solid scientific basis for further exploration and utilization of Taxus media polysaccharides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We aimed to monitor an acid polysaccharide with antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: Three acidic polysaccharides (DAP-A40, DAP-A60, and DAP-A80) were extracted from D. aurantiacum imbricate by alkaline aqueous solution extraction and ethanol precipitation. The structure characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo were examined. Results: The molecular weight (MW) of three polysaccharides was 1.70 mol5 Da, 5.78 mol4 Da, and 1.36 mol4 Da, respectively, by high-performance gel chromatography. The consequences of infrared spectrum displayed that three polysaccharides enclosed uronic acid and sulfuric acid groups. DAP-A40 and DAP-A60 were collected of α-configuration pyranose. DAP-A80 was composed of β-configuration pyranose. Antioxidant test exhibited that DAP-A80 had outstanding antioxidant activity. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of DAP-A80 in dipping power and scavenging the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), DPPH, and OH radicals was 163.5 μg/mL, 613.2 μg/mL, 583.2 μg/mL, and 365.1 μg/mL, respectively. The grades of correlation analysis showed that the ability of DAP-A80 to scavenge ABTS, DPPH, and OH radicals was negatively connected with the MW of polysaccharides and certainly correlated with the content of sulfate group. The results of in vivo experiments exposed that DAP-A80 might knowingly decline the formation of malondialdehyde. High levels of DAP-A80 could evocatively upsurge the activity of superoxide dismutase and GSH-Px in mouse serum. Conclusion: DAP-A80 has an antioxidant effect and can be reconnoitered as a health medicine and food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have revealed that edible fungi are rich in polysaccharides, which typically have strong biological activity. Pholiota nameko is one of the main cultivated edible fungi and an important economic crop. Objectives: In order to screen a polysaccharide with antioxidant activity from Pholiota nameko. Methods and Materials: A water-soluble acidic P. nameko polysaccharide (PNP) was found from extraction with alkaline water. After purification by chromatography, the structural features of PNP were analyzed by chromatographic, spectral, & nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses and the content of sulfate & uronic acid in PNP was determined concurrently. Results: The content of sulfate and uronic acid was 1.756 and 7.173 w/w, respectively. The molecular weight of PNP was 1.05 × 106 Da by gel permeation chromatography. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and NMR spectra displayed that the following sugar chains might be present in PNP: β-1,4-D-Manp, →4)-β-D-Manp-(1→, β-1,3-D-Glcp, β-D-Xylp-(1→. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity showed that PNP had a strong scavenging ability to scavenge ABTS+, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals. The results of our in vivo experiments exposed that PNP might significantly lessen the formation of malondialdehyde. High levels of PNP can meaningfully increase the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in mice serum. In addition, PNP can significantly increase the activity of GSH-Px, effectively protect the structure and function of the cell membrane. Conclusion: PNP has antioxidant effect and can be explored as a potential antioxidant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In order to investigate the antioxidant activities of polysaccharides (BPL-1 and BPL-2), one of the most important functional constituents in Brasenia schreberi was isolated from the external mucilage of B. schreberi (BPL-1) and the plant in vivo (BPL-2). This paper examines the relationship between the content of sulfuric radicals and uronic acid in BPL and the antioxidant activity of BPL., Materials and Methods: The free radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) and 1,1-diphnyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH-), were used to determine the antioxidant activity of BPL. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of BPL-1 and BPL-2 revealed typical characteristics of polysaccharides., Results: The two sample types had different contents. This was proved by their different adsorption peak intensities. The IC50 values of BPL-1 (31.189 mg/ml) and BPL-2 (1.863 mg/ml) showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity. Based on the quantification of ABTS radical scavenging, the IC50 value of BPL-1 (5.460 mg/ml) was higher than that of BPL-2 (0.239 mg/ml). Therefore, in terms of the reducing power, the IC50 value of BPL-1 was too high to determine, and the IC50 value of BPL-2 was found to be 50.557 mg/ml. Hence, the antioxidant activity and total reducing power were high, and they were greater in BPL-2 than in BPL-1. In addition, BPL-2 was found to have more sulfuric radicals and uronic acid than BPL-1., Conclusion: The contents of sulfuric radicals and uronic acid are significantly correlated to the antioxidant activity and reducing power of BPL; the more sulfuric radicals and uronic acid, the more antioxidant activity and reducing power BPL has., Summary: The water-soluble crude polysaccharides obtained from the external mucilage and the Brasenia schreberi plant in vivo were confirmed to have high contents of sulfuric radicals and uronic acidBoth BPL-1 and BPL-2 exhibited antioxidative activity and reducing power, and their antioxidative activity gradually improved with increasing concentrationsThe content of sulfuric radicals and uronic acid in BPL-1 and BPL-2 might explain their high antioxidant activity. Abbreviations used: BPL-1:Polysaccharide were isolated from the external mucilage of B. Schreberi; BPL-2: Polysaccharide were isolated from the plant in vivo of B. schreberi; BPL:Polysaccharide were isolated from B. Schreberi.

With the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus increasing year after year, the technology of drug screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus progress rapidly, from the level of animal screening to cellular and molecular screening model, from the traditional drug screening technology to high efficient and throughput screening. This paper will summarize the technology of drug screening in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus.