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Background Riboflavin deficiency confers a predisposition for esophageal cancer. The role of plasma riboflavin levels in development and prognosis of individuals with digestive tract inflammation and ulcer (DTIU), digestive tract polyps (DTPs), and ESCC is not well understood. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study, including 177 DTIU, 80 DTP, and 324 ESCC cases, to measure the plasma riboflavin levels among the three populations. Correlation between plasma riboflavin levels (categorized as [greater than or equal to]31.8, 6.5-31.8 and [less than or equal to]6.5 nmol/L groups) and clinical characteristics, as well as survival of ESCC patients (556 cases) was analyzed. Results There was no difference in plasma riboflavin levels between DTIU, DTP, and ESCC cases (P > 0.05). Plasma riboflavin levels were inversely correlated with invasive depth (correlation coefficient = -0.09, P = 0.026) and lymph node metastasis (correlation coefficient = -0.11, P = 0.010) of ESCC, and ESCC patients with low riboflavin levels had poor recurrence-free survival (P = 0.035) and overall survival (P = 0.003). Decreased riboflavin was a prognostic factor for poor overall survival (HR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.19-3.07, P = 0.007). Conclusions Plasma riboflavin levels in DTIU, DTP, and ESCC patients are similar. Plasma riboflavin levels are associated with the development and prognosis of ESCC., Author(s): Feng Pan [sup.1] [sup.2], Hong-Jun Luo [sup.3], Zhi-Yong Wu [sup.4], Su-Zuan Chen [sup.5], Xuan Wang [sup.1] [sup.6], Shuai-Xia Yu [sup.1] [sup.6], Jia-Min Wang [sup.1] [sup.6], Shu-Yuan Lin [sup.1] [sup.6], [...]

Highlights: [•] SSAO inhibitors suppressed tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma-bearing mice. [•] The cytotoxic effects of SSAO inhibitors on H22 carcinoma cells were limited. [•] SSAO inhibitor treatments did not alter H2O2 levels in tumors and sera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiological studies in high-incidence areas of esophageal cancer in China suggest that environmental carcinogen N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA) and riboflavin (RBF) deficiency may be the main risk factors for esophageal cancer. However, it is not clear that the combination induces cancer. Here, experiment (Exp) 1 evaluated the effects of NMBA and RBF deficiency individually or in combination on esophageal tumorigenesis. Male F344 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups into a 2 (no NMBA vs. NMBA) × 2 (normal RBF vs. RBF-deficient) factorial design, including normal RBF (6 mg/kg, R 6 ), RBF-deficient (0 mg/kg, R 0 ), normal RBF combined with NMBA (R 6 N), and RBF-deficient combined with NMBA (R 0 N) groups. The Exp 2 explored the effects of RBF deficiency at different doses combined with NMBA (0.6 mg/kg, R 0.6 N; 0.06 mg/kg, R 0.06 N) on esophageal tumorigenesis. Results showed that R 0 N enhanced the incidence of esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN, 53.3%, P = 0.06), including carcinoma in situ , whereas R 6 N mainly induced the occurrence of esophageal benign hyperplasia (38.9%) and EIN (16.7%). RBF deficiency promotes EIN in a dose-dependent manner, and R 0.06 N significantly increases the incidence of EIN (57.9%, P < 0.05). Gene expression profiling demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines were highly expressed in R 0 N EIN tissues, whereas R 6 N EIN tissues had a proliferation and differentiation gene signature (fold-change > 1.5). Furthermore, RBF deficiency aggravated oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG) and double-strand breaks (γH2AX) ( P < 0.05). Our results suggest that RBF deficiency causes chronic inflammation-associated genomic instability contributes to NMBA-induced esophageal tumorigenesis., Competing Interests: None., (AJCR Copyright © 2019.)

A simple and reliable method was developed for the determination of serum copper and zinc in different chemical forms by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) with ethanol-EDTA precipitation. The serum and ethanol were mixed with volume ratio 1 : 2. The mixture was incubated at 70 degrees C and ultra-centrifuged to precipitate proteins. Zinc and copper can be released from albumin after EDTA treating. Thus, macroglobulin-zinc, ceruloplasmin-copper, and albumin-bound zinc or copper could be determined by two proposed precipitation steps. The determination limit of copper (3sigma) was 1.2 microg x L(-1) and the recovery was 92.3%-104%, while the determination limit of zinc (3sigma) was 0.098 microg x L(-1), and the recovery was 90%-107%. This two-step precipitation method can be used to determine serum zinc and copper in various chemical forms in tumor, Wilson patients and heathy human.

A method was developed for the determination of trace free copper and zinc in serum sample by GFAAS after two-step precipitation. The serum and ethanol were mixed with volume ratio of 1 : 2. The mixture was subsequently denatured at 70 degrees C and centrifuged to precipitate proteins. The determination, limit of copper (3sigma) was 1.2 microg x L(-1) and the recovery was 92.3% - 104%, and the determination. Limit of zinc(3sigma) was 0.098 microg x L(-1) and the recovery was 90%-107%. This two-step precipitation method can be used to determine non-protein-bound copper in tumor patients and healthy people.