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Thermal design is the key technology for a diode pump solid laser to keep high stability of the output energy To solve the cooling problem of a solid laser, a 150mJ air cooled YAG laser with the repetition of 50Hz was systematically studied. The 3-D theoretical model of the diode-pumped laser and the cooling parts was constructed, and the generated heat of the laser was calculated. Further, the thermal management of the whole system was analyzed using the software of FloEFD, and the theoretical results were then discussed. Finally, the verified experiment was carried out. The results show that after three cycles, the laser output is 155mJ, 50Hz, the laser beam dispersion is 2. 9mard, and the temperature of radiator is about 85CC, respectively. The thermal design in this study has high stability, with which the cooling problem of the laser can be perfectly solved to meet the final requirements of the system and guarantee the natural work of the laser. This study provides a reference for the further thermal design of laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: coronavirus; protein extraction; systemic immunity EN coronavirus protein extraction systemic immunity 582 584 3 01/01/21 20210201 NES 210201 Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibit a spectrum of respiratory symptoms like cough and dyspnea.1-3 Airway mucus is an adhesive viscoelastic gel composed mostly of high-molecular-weight mucous glycoproteins and water, which is important in maintaining lung function and health, pathological mucus hypersecretion may cause airway obstruction and lead to respiratory distress. To clean airway obstruction, respiratory tract mucus was aspirated and collected via bronchoscopy from COVID-19 patients with a critical illness, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) was applied via bronchoscopy to obtain cross-sectional images of the bronchiole. Clearance of airway mucus is an important way to increase oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, bronchoscopy aspiration of airway mucus was used in all our patients to relieve hypoxia. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Cigarette smoke is a risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Given the lack of COPD curative treatment, dietary management for COPD patients has become important. This study investigated whether the medicinal foods (YT and RH) could suppress cigarette smoke exposure-induced inflammation and oxidative stress., Methods: Chronic pulmonary inflammation in male C57 mice was induced by a 4-week exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). The medicinal foods YT and RH were orally administered 1 week prior to CS exposure. The protective effects were assessed by measuring the pulmonary function and histopathological evaluations. Inflammatory cell numbers and cytokines levels in BALF and blood serum were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels of the lung were analyzed. Furthermore, the levels of phosphorylated ERK and NF- κ B in both the mice lungs and RAW264.7 cells were also detected., Results: YT and RH combination (YT + RH) significantly improved pulmonary function and suppressed the inflammation, including cell number and cytokines in BALF relative to the CS group; histological examination revealed protective effects of YT + RH in the lungs of mice exposed to CS. Moreover, the MDA level in the lung of the YT + RH group of mice was lower, the SOD activity was higher, and in vitro treatment of YT and RH combination attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells stimulated with cigarette smoke (CSE). YT + RH combination significantly reduced the expression of pNF- κ B and pERK in the lung tissues and macrophage stimulated with CSE., Conclusions: YT and RH combination attenuates cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and oxidative stress through inhibition of the NF- κ B/ERK signaling pathway., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Yuanyuan Li et al.)