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Exposing the photocatalyst's highly active facets and hybridizing the photocatalyst with suitable cocatalysts in the proper spot have been recognized as strong methods for high-performance photocatalysts. Herein, Ag2NCN/TiO2–Ti3C2 composites were synthesized by applying simple calcination and physically weak interaction deposition processes to obtain an excellent photocatalyst for Rhodamine B (Rh B) degradation when exposed to visible light. The findings from the experiments reveal that the Ag2NCN/TiO2–Ti3C2400 composite exhibited an outstanding photocatalytic rate in 80 min, with the highest Rh B degradation rate (k = 0.03889 min−1), which was 16 times higher than that of pure Ag2NCN (k = 0.00235 min−1) and 2.2 times higher than that of TiO2–Ti3C2400 (k = 0.01761 min−1). The results from the following factors: (i) the powerful interfacial contact created by the in situ formation of TiO2, and the superior electrical conductivity of Ti3C2 that makes carrier separation possible; (ii) TiO2 with electron-rich (101) facets are deposited on the surface of Ag2NCN, significantly reducing charge carrier recombination by trapping photoelectrons; (iii) a Z-type heterojunction is constructed between nanosize aggregate Ti3C2–TiO2 and Ag2NCN with non-metal Ti3C2 as the solid medium, improving the transfer and separation of photogenerated charges and inhibiting the recombination of electrons and holes. Additionally, the redox ability of the composite photocatalyst is enhanced. Furthermore, the analyses of active species showed that photogenerated superoxide radicals and holes were the principal active agents inside the photodegradation of Rh B. Moreover, the composite exhibited outstanding photo-stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Nursing educational research is very important for the development of the nursing discipline. There have been many randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of nursing education, and the outcomes are highly heterogeneous and waste resources. The study aims to report the methodological framework to establish a core outcome set (COS) for RCTs of nursing education. Methods. The study will be conducted in the following five steps: (a) establish nursing education COS working groups; (b) develop an initial list of outcomes of nursing education by systematic review and semistructured interview; (c) Delphi survey with different stakeholders to reach a preliminary consensus on the core outcome of nursing education; (d) expert consultation to form the outcome pool; (e) expert consensus meeting to form the nursing education COS. Results. The goal is to develop a COS that includes stakeholders' interest in nursing education to determine which outcomes should be reported and how they should be measured. Conclusions. By performing the study, the nursing education COS will be established, which will help to reduce reporting bias and resource waste, and provide enough results for nursing education systematic reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A series of Bi2O3–TiO2 composite photocatalysts were prepared with a facile nonaqueous sol–gel method through varying the Bi–Ti atomic ratio and calcination temperature. The catalyst structures had been extensively characterized by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS). The characterization results revealed that all of the Bi2O3–TiO2 composites exhibited smaller crystallite size, higher thermal stability and stronger absorbance in visible light range than pure TiO2. The photocatalytic activities of as-prepared catalysts were evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO). The results showed that the Bi–Ti atomic ratio of 0.0175 was an optimum in the photocatalytic activities under visible light irradiation and the calcination temperature affected both the physicochemical properties and photocatalytic activities of the catalysts. XPS and XRD were further used to characterize the stability of the photocatalyst, which maintained a high activity without obvious deactivation after five recycles of the degradation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Exposing the photocatalyst's highly active facets and hybridizing the photocatalyst with suitable cocatalysts in the proper spot have been recognized as strong methods for high-performance photocatalysts. Herein, Ag 2 NCN/TiO 2 -Ti 3 C 2 composites were synthesized by applying simple calcination and physically weak interaction deposition processes to obtain an excellent photocatalyst for Rhodamine B (Rh B) degradation when exposed to visible light. The findings from the experiments reveal that the Ag 2 NCN/TiO 2 -Ti 3 C 2 400 composite exhibited an outstanding photocatalytic rate in 80 min, with the highest Rh B degradation rate ( k = 0.03889 min -1 ), which was 16 times higher than that of pure Ag 2 NCN ( k = 0.00235 min -1 ) and 2.2 times higher than that of TiO 2 -Ti 3 C 2 400 ( k = 0.01761 min -1 ). The results from the following factors: (i) the powerful interfacial contact created by the in situ formation of TiO 2 , and the superior electrical conductivity of Ti 3 C 2 that makes carrier separation possible; (ii) TiO 2 with electron-rich (101) facets are deposited on the surface of Ag 2 NCN, significantly reducing charge carrier recombination by trapping photoelectrons; (iii) a Z-type heterojunction is constructed between nanosize aggregate Ti 3 C 2 -TiO 2 and Ag 2 NCN with non-metal Ti 3 C 2 as the solid medium, improving the transfer and separation of photogenerated charges and inhibiting the recombination of electrons and holes. Additionally, the redox ability of the composite photocatalyst is enhanced. Furthermore, the analyses of active species showed that photogenerated superoxide radicals and holes were the principal active agents inside the photodegradation of Rh B. Moreover, the composite exhibited outstanding photo-stability.