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The development of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) polymers with narrowband emission, particularly in the blue region, remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a new approach is demonstrated for blue TADF conjugated polymers by integrating multiresonance TADF moiety into the conjugated backbone. All the new polymers exhibit TADF characteristics with narrowband blue emission with full‐width at half‐maximums (FWHMs) of 23 nm. The solution‐processed OLEDs based on these polymers achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 17.9% with the emission peak at 479 nm and FWHM of 28 nm. The main‐chain type MR‐TADF polymer shed light on the development of narrowband emissive TADF conjugated polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

4H–SiC single‐crystal film is transferred to SiO2/Si insulating substrate by crystal‐ion‐slicing technology to form silicon carbide‐on‐insulator composite substrate, and the composite substrate is etched by low energy Ar+ ions irradiation. The amorphous oxide layer and defect layer are found on the surface of the exfoliated SiC film by using transmission electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the thickness, roughness, and crystal quality of the exfoliated SiC film. The result shows that the thickness of the film decreases from 1.238 to 0.911 μm, and the root mean square roughness decreases from 1.408 to 0.635 nm. Raman spectra show that the crystal quality of the SiC film is improved after etching. Moreover, the oxidation layer and defect layer on the surface of the SiC film can be quickly etched by Ar+ ions irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syngas production from waste cooking oil (WCO) based on reforming with CO2 would allow the utilization of both resources. However, the catalysts used for reforming reactions (700–1000 °C) are prone to deactivation. In this work, La1−xSrxNiO3 (x = 0.1, 0.2) perovskites were prepared as catalyst precursors, then reduced and used for CO2 reforming of a waste cooking oil model compound (WCOMC). These materials exhibited stable catalytic activity during the reaction, attributed to the highly dispersed Ni0 nanoparticles on the La2O3 support and strong interactions between the metal and support. At 800 °C, the deposited amount of carbon on these catalysts decreased with increasing quantity of Sr doping into the A site of LaNiO3 and the syngas had a H2/CO ratio of 0.77. The present Sr-doped catalysts promoted the surface adsorption of oxygen along with the activation of C–H bonds. Most importantly, these materials strongly adsorbed CO2 and facilitated the conversion of carbon deposition to gaseous products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

4H–silicon carbide on silicon (4H–SiC on Si) fabricated by crystal‐ion‐slicing (CIS) technology can be served as an integration platform for optoelectronic devices and composite substrate for gallium nitride heteroepitaxy. The bonding strength of 4H–SiC on Si is closely related to the surface activation parameter, which finally impacts the fabrication process. Herein, 1.2 μm thick 4H–SiC single crystal film has been successfully transferred onto Si substrate by CIS technology. The mechanism of bonding strength enhanced by plasma activation is studied, and the effect of bonding strength on the exfoliating process of film is analyzed. High bonding strength obtained under the O2 90 s activation condition makes the film have a more compact interface, and the characterizations of morphology and structure confirm the smooth surface and single crystal quality. These results provide a possibility for optoelectronic integration and growth of gallium nitride on the heterogeneous substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel SiO2-CaO-CaF2-R2O-MgO based synthetic slags (R2O represents alkali metal oxides) with varied binary basicity values were used with oxygen injection to refine silicon melts and remove Fe from metallurgical-grade silicon. Silicon samples and slags at the silicon-slag interfaces were obtained during refinement. The compositions of the silicon samples were analyzed, and the quenched slag samples and mild cooling slags from the final crucible were inspected using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. After 15 min of refinement, the Fe removal rate ranged from 52.3 to 60.1 wt%. During the refining process, the Fe-concentrated phase formed within the silicon droplets and was then transferred to the silicon-slag interfaces and wetted with slags. The Fe-concentrated phase at the silicon-slag interface can dissolve directly in the slags. It can also be transferred into the slag phase in the form of droplets, which can be affected by the binary basicity of the slags. Ti removal demonstrated a similar mechanism. Fe-bearing crystals were not detected in the quenched slag samples obtained during refinement, while complex Fe-bearing phases were detected in the final slag. This study demonstrates Fe removal from metallurgical-grade Si using slag refining methods and reveals the removal mechanism during the refinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A trueness-based EQA/PT program for high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was initiated. We analyzed the 4 year EQA/PT program to overview the measurement standardization for HDL-C in China. Two levels of freshly frozen, commutable serum external quality assessment/proficiency testing (EQA/PT) materials were prepared and determined by reference measurement procedure each year. The samples were delivered to clinical laboratories and measured 15 times in 3 days. The precision [coefficient of variation (CV)], trueness (bias), and accuracy [total error (TE)] were calculated and used to evaluate measurement performance. The pass rates of individual laboratories and peer groups were analyzed using the acceptable performance from the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and biological variation as the evaluation criteria. More than 60% of laboratories use heterogeneous systems, and there was a decrease in the percentage from 2016 to 2019. About 95, 78, and 33% of laboratories met the minimum, desirable and optimum TE criteria derived from biological variation. The pass rates were 87.0% (84.7–88.8%), 58.7% (55.3–62.4%), and 97.3% (95.6–98.3%) that met the acceptable performance of TE, bias, and CV of NCEP. The homogeneous systems had higher pass rates of TE, bias, and CV than the heterogeneous groups in 2016, but they did not show apparent advantages in 2017–2019. The trueness-based EQA/PT program can be used to evaluate the accuracy, reproducibility, and trueness of results. For some IVD manufacturers and individual laboratories, accuracy, especially trueness, are still problems. Efforts should be made to improve the situation and achieve better HDL-C measurement standardization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mg–15Gd–1Zn (wt.%) alloy was successfully prepared via the spark plasma sintering rapid solidification ribbons process. Microstructure investigation showed that the sintered alloys consisted of fine grains, the β1 phase, and long-perioded stacking ordered phase (LPSO). The sintering temperature and time have a significant effect on the microstructural evolution. A lower sintering temperature (430 °C) was beneficial for obtaining finer grain sizes with less than 5 μm and a higher content of β1 phase with a content of 3–15 vol.% and a size-distribution of (10–600) nm. A higher temperature for a longer sintering time, 450–470 °C and 5–10 min, helpfully promoted precipitating the abundantly lamellar LPSO phase, and its content was 2–10 vol.% for LPSO phase with the width of (10–100) nm. The mechanical properties indicated that the fine grain size and supersaturated solid solution contributed at least 50% of the yield stress, and the residual contribution was related to the β1 phase and LPSO phase strengthening, which were based on their contents and the sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mg-(Al-)Ti laminated sheets with large bonding interfaces were prepared by a differential temperature hot-rolling process, in which the preheating treatment of Ti was 25–100 °C higher than that of Mg. The rolled sheets contained different Al layer thicknesses (≤0.05 mm), and the thickness of the diffused region at the interface of 3–7 μm was formed by rolling at 175 °C. The interfaces were the solid-solution regions of Mg(Al) and Ti(Al), and no intermetallic compounds were generated during both the rolling process and annealing treatment. The hardness of the interfaces was 16–30% greater than that of the Mg matrix and Ti matrix. The results of mechanical tests displayed that the Mg-(Al-)Ti sheets exhibited higher strength and elastic modulus compared to those of the rolled AZ31B sheet. Their UTS and YTS were about 223–460 MPa and 303–442 MPa, respectively, with an elongation of 0.04–0.17 and high elastic modulus of 52–68 GPa. The Mg-Ti (containing about 62 at.% Mg) rolled sheet exhibited the most excellent strength. The UTS and YTS were about 460 MPa and 442 MPa, with an elongation of 0.04 and elastic modulus of 61.5 GPa. Additionally, Mg-Ti sheets with thin Ti thickness possessed a higher work-hardening rate (n), as well as hardening rate, than the rolled Mg-Al-Ti sheets. This is because fractured Ti pieces around the interfaces have a significant strengthening effect. This study provides a simple method for fabricating Mg-(Al-)Ti sheets with high elastic modulus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counting on its remarkable electro‐optical, pyroelectric, and piezoelectric properties, lithium tantalate (LT) has been applied in optical modulator, infrared sensors, and other devices. LT thin film with different crystal orientation is necessary for different applications and crystal ion slicing technology has fabricated single‐crystalline LT film successfully. During crystal ion slicing, the relation of defects and implantation ions is crucial for film fabrication. Comprehensive and nondestructive method is a good choice to figure out the relation and have a guide in crafting process. Z‐cut LT crystal wafers implanted with different H‐ion fluences are investigated in this research. Optical spectra, Raman spectra, and X‐ray diffraction spectra are measured, corresponding to the thermal annealing exfoliation experiment, to analyze the interactive of implantation, defects, and exfoliation. Based on the results and analysis, oxygen vacancies and H‐ion interstitials affect the crystal lattice and behave as strain increase in lattice. Strain increase contributes to the activation energy Ea decrease and once the Ea decreases to a limit value, exfoliation is able to happen. Depending on this analysis method, a direction to optimize exfoliation of H‐ion implanted LT has been found. Moreover, this method can also be used by optimizing crystal ion slicing technology in other materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is not conservative to directly use the strength tested under the laboratory loading rates to evaluate the long-term creep strength of polymers. A suitable strain rate-dependent constitutive model is crucial for accurately predicting the long-term strength and mechanical behavior of polymer pressure pipes. In this study, the Kondner hyperbolic constitutive model is considered the base model in deriving the rate-dependent constitutive model for PE100 pipe material, and the yield stress and initial tangent modulus are the two rate-dependent parameters of the model. Uniaxial tension tests are carried out under five specified strain rates ranging from 10−5 s−1 to 5 × 10−2 s−1 to obtain these two parameters. It is demonstrated that the strain rate dependence of the yield stress and the initial tangent modulus can be described by either a power or a logarithm law. The predictions from the two models are in good agreement with the experiments. In contrast, the power-law rate-dependent Kondner model is more suitable for describing the rate-dependent tensile behavior of PE100 pipe material than the logarithm-law rate-dependent Kondner model, especially for the cases of very low strain rates which relate to the polymer pressure pipe applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Monocrystal SiC films can be heterogeneous integrated by Crystal-Ion-Slicing technique. • H+ implantation induced defects evolution: detachment, aggregation, growth, and concatenation. • Different cleavage behaviors appeared under different thermal excitation. • Cleavage behaviors influenced the surface morphology of exfoliated SiC films. The Silicon Carbide (SiC) composite substrate fabricated by crystal-ion-slicing (CIS) technology can be an excellent material platform to realize a variety of microelectronic device functions. The difference in the surface morphology of the exfoliated films under different thermal excitation conditions was found in research. In order to explore the different cleavage behaviors resulting the differences, the basic models of defect evolution during the fabrication of SiC film by CIS technique is established based on AFM, Raman, XRD and TEM material characterizations, which can be divided into detachment, aggregation, growth, and concatenation stages. Combining the molecular dynamics simulation results and defect evolution models, the difference of the cleavage behavior leading to different surface topography under different anneal thermal excitations can be attributed to the different H 2 bubble nucleation rate. The work in this paper investigates the fundamental physicochemical phenomena of defect evolution and crystal cleavage in CIS technology, and guides the improvement of heat treatment process, which is beneficial to achieve neat cleavage for the transfer of SiC single crystal film and to realize available heterogeneous integration of SiC single crystal film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible electronics is one of the most emerging fields of future electronic devices. The application of flexible inorganic membrane provides a feasible way to realize high-performance electronic device with desired deformation ability. In this paper, a method to fabricate large-scale flexible monocrystalline silicon membrane by crystal-ion-slicing (CIS) technique using benzocyclobutene (BCB) bonding layer is reported. With introduction of BCB bonding layer, a 1-μm-thick Si membrane with the size of 8 × 8 mm can be obtained on the polyimide substrate using the conventional CIS technique. Morphology and structure characterizations confirm the high crystallinity and structural integrity of the as-fabricated silicon membrane. Typical piezoresistive effect can be observed in the measured dependence of the resistance of Si membrane on the bending strain, indicating the potential to using this method to construct flexible force sensor with high stability and sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solidly mounted resonator on flexible polyimide (PI) substrate with high-effective coupling coefficient (${K}_{t}^{{2}}$) of 14.06% is reported in this article. This high ${K}_{t}^{{2}}$ is resulting from the LiNbO3 (LN) single-crystalline film and [SiO2/Mo]3 Bragg reflector. The quality of LN film fabricated by the crystal-ion-slicing (CIS) technique using benzocyclobutene (BCB) bonding layer was close to the bulk crystalline LN. The interfaces of the Al/LN/Al/[SiO2/Mo]3 Bragg reflector/BCB/PI multilayer are sharp, and the thickness of each layer is consistent with its design value. The resonant frequency and ${K}_{t}^{{2}}$ keep stable when it is bent at different radii. These results demonstrate a feasible approach to realizing RF filters on flexible polymer substrates, which is an indispensable device for building integrated and multifunctional wireless flexible electronic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystal ion slicing (CIS) technology has been widely applied to fabricate single-crystalline quality thin film, although the ion implantation process can cause lattice strain and electric properties changes in the fabricated film. In this paper, CIS-fabricated Z-cut LiTaO3 (LT) thin films were annealed under different temperatures and times by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The effects of annealing parameters on microstructure and dielectric properties of LT films were studied. It is found that the lattice strain can be partially released by RTA according to the XRD diffraction peak shift and this lattice release also has an influence on the permittivity and dielectric loss. Additionally, anomalous recrystallization behavior has been observed in the samples annealed at higher temperature or longer time according to the abnormal grain growth revealed by AFM. Besides, unusual permittivity and dielectric loss increase in sample annealed at 600℃ was measured and it may result from the abnormal grain growth. In summary, it is indicated by the results that RTA is an effective way to release lattice strain and it can impact electric properties of CIS-fabricated LT thin film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, LiNbO 3 (LNO) thin films prepared by crystal ion slicing (CIS) technology have been used to fabricate pyroelectric infrared detectors. Crack free LNO film with single crystal structure have been prepared on a LNO holder substrate by CIS technology using He+ implantation and benzocyclobutene (BCB) bonding process. The surface roughness caused by the Gauss distribution of He+ has been decreased from 10.81 nm to 4.66 nm after Ar+ treatment. The pyroelectric coefficient of LNO thin film is 5 × 10−5C/m2 · K measured by dynamic method, which is comparable to LNO bulk crystal materials. The Rv value of infrared device fabricated by LNO single crystal film was calculated to be 1.93 × 103 V / W at 5 Hz chopper frequency. Compared to normally used SiO 2 bonding layer, the thermal isolation properties have been improved by BCB bonding material according to the thermal finite element analysis. The results demonstrated CIS technology using BCB bonding materials is a promising method to fabricate integrated pyroelectric devices. Unlabelled Image • Crack free LNO single crystal films have been prepared by CIS technology using benzocyclobutene bonding layer. • The CIS fabricated LNO films show comparable pyroelectric constant (P c) to LNO bulk crystal. • The voltage responsivity of detector demonstrate it is promising to make pyroelectric devices using CIS fabricated LNO film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Serum uric acid is a critical clinical indicator, and results without equivalence among laboratories cause troubles for disease diagnosis and patient management. External quality assessment (EQA) is a common tool for enhancing harmonization/standardization, therefore, the National Center for Clinical Laboratories in China has initiated a category 1 EQA for serum uric acid measurement since 2010 for evaluating its process of standardization. Methods: Commutable EQA samples with target values assigned by reference measurement procedures were sent to participant laboratories. Both concentrations were measured 15 times in 3 days then means and intra-laboratory coefficient of variations (CVs) were reported. Biological variation criteria were used for analysis with CLIA88 criteria as a comparison. Results: A total of 1250 laboratories participated in EQA programs from 2010 to 2017, pass rates calculated according to desirable specifications in biological variation database were on a rise overall and inter-laboratory mean bias and CVs were on a decrease. Homogeneous systems showed better inter-laboratory CVs and pass rates than heterogeneous systems. For the mostly used measurement systems; Abbott, Beckman, Roche Modular, Siemens and Hitachi showed desirable performances other than Roche Cobas, according to biological variation criteria. Conclusions: Our study provides reliable information on the standardization of measurement procedures for serum uric acid for manufacturers and laboratories. Further improvements for standardization are still needed to make laboratories more patient-centered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rubber is a typical viscoelastic polymer and has a low thermal conductivity. The main consequence is heat generation and leads to a temperature rise called heat build-up of the rubber material when subjected to cyclic deformation. Cylindrical carbon black (CB) filled rubber specimens were sinusoidally compressed with a Gabo Eplexor 500N dynamic mechanical analyzer, under various frequencies (10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 Hz) and dynamic strain amplitudes (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%). A ThermaCAM SC3000 infrared camera was used to capture the surface temperatures of the specimens. To predict the influence of two main influent factors (loading strain amplitude and frequency) on the heat build-up (HBU), relations of the dynamic properties with the strain and frequency were constructed based on the Kraus and General Maxwell model, respectively. And effect of rising temperature on the loss modulus was investigated. Combine with the heat equation, an analytical method for calculating the HBU was established. The comparison between calculated results and experimental data shows that the proposed analysis method provides a satisfactory way to predict HBU for rubber compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of the Surface Activation Parameter on the Fabrication Process of 4H-SiC Film on SiO2/Si Using the Crystal-Ion-Slicing Technique B Silicon Carbide Film Fabrication b As discussed in article 2200028 by Dailei Zhu, Wenbo Luo, and colleagues, plasma activation can significantly increase the active groups on the bonding surface, which is beneficial to improve the bonding strength. When the bonding strength is too low to match the interface stress caused by thermal mismatch, the film will be separated from the surface. [Extracted from the article]

The mixtures of 10 % cyazofamid SC and 25 % methiadinil SC were selected at different concentrations in root irrigation treatment of cruciferous crops and compared with 10 % cyazofamid SC to evaluate the chemical control of clubroot disease in field trials located in Dayi County (Sichuan Province, China) and Jiulong County (Sichuan Province, China), respectively. The results indicated that the effects of the test mixtures were better than that of a single treatment of 10 % cyazofamid SC. The mixture containing an effective ingredient dosage of 30 mg/L cyazofamid + 150 mg/L methiadinil was found to have the greatest effect. The combination of cyazofamid and methiadinil was effective in the control of clubroot and can be recommended for the treatment of soils highly infested with Plasmodiophora brassicae. The mixture is also effective in increasing crop yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant community productivity can increase with increasing intraspecific genotypic diversity. Previous studies have attributed the genetic diversity-productivity pattern to differential resource use among genotypes, as many studies have found for species. But here we ask whether suppression of productivity at low intraspecific diversity by soil biota might also drive a positive diversity-productivity relationship. In a previous study, we manipulated genetic diversity by varying the number of Pseudoroegneria accessions growing together in common garden plots, and used soil from that experiment to evaluate soil feedbacks. The total biomass of P. spicata plants grown in unsterilized soil increased with accession richness, specifically when comparing soil that had contained plants from 3 accessions to soil that had contained plants from either 8 or 12 population accessions. Furthermore, soil from high-richness (8 or 12-accession) plots drove neutral feedbacks, whereas soil in the 3-accession plots (3) drove negative feedbacks. However, within each level of richness, there was no relationship between relative yield and feedback. Our results suggest that soil biota might play an integral role in the emerging understanding of the relationship between intraspecific diversity and ecosystem productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Native plants commonly suffer from strong negative plant-soil feedbacks. However, in their non-native ranges species often escape from these negative feedbacks, which indicates that these feedbacks are generated by at least partially specialized soil biota. If so, introduced plants might evolve the loss of resistance to pathogens in their former native range, as has been proposed for the loss of resistance to specialized herbivores. We compared the magnitude of plant-soil feedbacks experienced by native and exotic genotypes of the perennial forb, Solidago gigantea. Feedbacks were assessed in soil collected across 14 sites sampled across the western part of Solidago' s native range in the US. Both native and exotic genotypes of Solidago suffered consistently negative and broadly similar plant-soil feedbacks when grown in North American soil. Although there was substantial variation among soils from different sites in the strength of feedbacks generated, the magnitude of feedbacks generated by North American genotypes of S. gigantea were strongly correlated with those produced in the same soil by European genotypes. Our results indicate that Solidago experiences strong negative soil feedbacks in native soil and that introduced genotypes of Solidago have not lost resistance to these negative effects of soil biota. Both genotypic and landscape-level effects can be important sources of variation in the strength of plant-soil feedbacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim High species richness at small spatial scales can increase productivity and resist exotic invasion through complementary and selection effects. Recent evidence also suggests that soil biota can drive the increase in productivity caused by high species richness. Here, we take this a step farther and investigate whether soil biota can also affect how high species richness resists invasion. Location Missoula, Montana, USA. Methods Ten native grassland species were used to create plant assemblages with either one species (monocultures) or 10 species (polycultures) in a common garden. Soils cultured by these assemblages were collected and either sterilized or not to examine the combined effects of species richness and soil biota on the growth and competitive ability of the 10 native species against the invader Bromus tectorum. Results Live soil from monocultures inhibited the growth of all native species as a group and native grasses as a functional group more than live soil from polycultures. Sterilization eliminated the negative effects of soil from monocultures but not from polycultures. Native species also competed with B. tectorum more successfully in live soil from polycultures than live soil from monocultures, and sterilization eliminated the competitive advantage of natives in live polyculture soil. Main conclusions We found that local plant species richness can affect soil biota in ways that can increase the competitive effects of natives against an aggressive exotic invader; thus, our results suggest a mechanism by which species diversity might provide resistance to exotic invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous behavioral studies have examined the correlation between personality and depression, and between negative automatic thoughts and depression. Little is known, however, about the relationships among these three factors. Even less is known about how variations in brain structure are related to negative automatic thoughts, which are thought to mediate the association between personality traits and depressive symptoms. A total of 298 healthy participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging and completed the following questionnaires: a Neuroticism scale, the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ), and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). We first investigated the relationships among the three questionnaires and found that the ATQ was a mediator between the Neuroticism scale and the SDS. Then, we investigated the neuroanatomical correlates of the ATQ in the participants using voxel-based morphometry. We found that the ATQ was significantly positively correlated with the gray matter volume of the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). Structural Equation Modeling revealed that negative automatic thoughts mediated the relationship between the GMV of the parahippocampal gyrus and depression. Moreover, the interaction between parahippocampal gyrus volume and neuroticism predicted automatic thoughts. These findings highlight that negative automatic thoughts might be a good predictor of depression outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, event-related potentials were used to investigate the effect of emotion on response inhibition. Participants performed an emotional go/no-go task that required responses to human faces associated with a 'go' valence (i.e., emotional, neutral) and response inhibition to human faces associated with a 'no-go' valence. Emotional content impaired response inhibition, as evidenced by decreased response accuracy and N2 amplitudes in no-go trials. More importantly, emotional expressions elicited larger N170 amplitudes than neutral expressions, and this effect was larger in no-go than in go trials, indicating that the perceptual processing of emotional expression had priority in inhibitory trials. In no-go trials, correlation analysis showed that increased N170 amplitudes were associated with decreased N2 amplitudes. Taken together, our findings suggest that emotional content impairs response inhibition due to the prioritization of emotional content processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic mechanical analysis tests and quasi-static tensile tests were conducted on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Craze damage images on PMMA samples' surface were acquired by using an optical microscope. Evolution of the crazing damage was investigated. The results suggest that crazing is loading rate and strainamplitude dependent. In dynamic mechanical tests, the craze damage becomes more and more serious with the increase in strain amplitude, resulting in the Payne effect. Under quasi-static loading, there is a critical strain over which the surface crazes become visible; the greater the loading rate, the greater the critical strain. Moreover, stretching at different rates leads to difference to the morphology of crazes. The surface crazes stressed at lower loading rate are longer and more fully developed than those at higher loading rates, which results in a faster decline in static elastic modulus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, solidified films of CaO-Al2O3-BaO-CaF2-Li2O-based mold fluxes with different contents of Al2O3 addition were acquired by immersing an improved water-cooled copper probe in bulk molten slags. This probe can obtain films with representative structures. Different slag temperatures and probe immersion times were employed to investigate the crystallization process. The crystals in the solidified films were identified using X-ray diffraction, the morphologies of the crystals were observed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the kinetic conditions, especially the activation energy of devitrified crystallization in glassy slags, were calculated and discussed based on the differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicated that after adding extra Al2O3, the growing speed and thickness of the solidified films increased, and more time was required for the film thickness to reach a steady state. In addition, fine spinel (MgAl2O4) precipitated in the films at the early stage of solidification after adding 10 wt% of extra Al2O3. Together with LiAlO2, spinel (MgAl2O4) acted as nuclei for the precipitation of BaAl2O4. The apparent activation energy of initial devitrified crystallization decreased from 314.16 KJ/mol (original slag) to 297.32 KJ/mol (5 wt% Al2O3 added) and 269.46 KJ/mol (10 wt% Al2O3 added). The crystallization ratio of the films also increased after adding extra Al2O3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multipole field electromagnetic launcher (MFEL) is a new type of induction launcher that can produce radial magnetic field. This paper proposed different driving coil connection patterns of MFEL and analyzed their performance through experimental and simulation methods. To verify the conceptual feasibility, a small-size single stage capacitor-driven MFEL was built and tested for the first time. Powered by a 100 \muF capacitor bank charged to 3000 V, the launcher is able to accelerate a 50.4 g projectile to a velocity of 13.3 m/s. Characteristics of MFEL including inductance gradient, driving current, eddy current distribution, and magnetic field distribution were analyzed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Using measurements of event-related potentials (ERPs) during a facial recognition task, we aimed to investigate the facial inversion effect and the role of time-based attention in processing upright and inverted faces. We presented upright and inverted faces at the T2 (target 2) position using a rapid serial visual presentation paradigm. Our results indicate that the N170 component shows the usual face inversion effect (FIE), in which inverted faces elicit larger N170 amplitudes and a longer elicit N170 latency. We also found that upright faces elicit larger P1 amplitudes than inverted faces over the left hemisphere. This study indicates that the N170 and P3, but not the P1, components are modulated by time-based attention. In addition, we found that the N170 amplitude was modulated by an attentional blink (AB) based on behavioral data. These results suggest that the disruption of facial configuration processing caused by inverted faces is relatively independent of attentional resources. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: Hemorrhage from wounds in the extremities is the leading cause of preventable death on the battlefield. To successfully treat these injuries, the exact source of bleeding must be localized. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using Doppler ultrasound to precisely detect and localize peripheral vascular bleeding. Methods: Injuries were produced in common femoral arteries (diameter of ∼5 mm) of 28 pigs in vivo. Single puncture injuries were produced using 6 French (F) (n = 10), 9 F (n = 22), and 12 F (n = 12) catheters. In addition, multiple punctures were made (using 6 F and 9 F catheters) in eight common femoral arteries to simulate bleeding from multiple injuries. Finally, laceration injuries were produced using a scalpel in 10 femoral vessels. Results: In color Doppler images, bleeding was observed as a turbulent jet flow originating from the injury site in the vessel. This jet flow had checkered red-blue color pattern at the bleeding site, as opposed to a uniform color pattern in an intact artery. Peak systolic velocity at the injury site, measured using pulsed Doppler, was elevated to up to 152.0 ± 81.6 cm/s, as compared to 78.8 ± 17.5 cm/s in normal arteries. Further, end diastolic velocity increased from 6.1 ± 4.9 cm/s before the injury to up to 59.1 ± 33.1 cm/s after the injury. Resistance index was significantly lower (0.6 for 9 F and 12 F punctures, and 0.8 for 6 F punctures) at the bleeding site in injured arteries as compared to the resistance index of intact arteries (of 0.9). Conclusion: Our results showed a characteristic change in the systolic and diastolic velocities, as well as resistance indices at the injury site in peripheral arteries. These findings may serve as groundwork for development of automated bleeding detection and localization methods, and facilitate various hemorrhage control treatments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The dynamic mechanical behavior of carbon-black-filled vulcanized natural rubber is experimentally investigated by stretching the rubber strips with various strain amplitudes at different frequencies in a sinusoidal tension mode. The Payne effect is demonstrated and the frequency- and strain-amplitude-dependent hysteresis losses are determined by DMA measurements. The Kraus model is used for describing the Payne effect. The results show that hysteresis loss increases with increase in frequency and strain amplitude. A viscoelastic model, which correlates the hysteresis loss with strain amplitude and loss modulus, is used to calculate the energy dissipated in a full deformation cycle. The model prediction is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental result. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Electrophysiological correlates of the processing facial expressions were investigated in subjects performing the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task. The peak latencies of the event-related potential (ERP) components P1, vertex positive potential (VPP), and N170 were 165, 240, and 240 ms, respectively. The early anterior N100 and posterior P1 amplitudes elicited by fearful faces were larger than those elicited by happy or neutral faces, a finding which is consistent with the presence of a ‘negativity bias.’ The amplitude of the anterior VPP was larger when subjects were processing fearful and happy faces than when they were processing neutral faces; it was similar in response to fearful and happy faces. The late N300 and P300 not only distinguished emotional faces from neutral faces but also differentiated between fearful and happy expressions in lag2. The amplitudes of the N100, VPP, N170, N300, and P300 components and the latency of the P1 component were modulated by attentional resources. Deficient attentional resources resulted in decreased amplitude and increased latency of ERP components. In light of these results, we present a hypothetical model involving three stages of facial expression processing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Previous studies have shown differential event-related potentials (ERPs) to intensities of fearful facial expressions. There are indications that the eyes may be particularly relevant for the recognition of fearful expressions, even the amount of white sclera exposed above and on sides of the dark pupil could activate the amygdala response. To investigate whether the ERP differences between intensities of fearful expressions are driven by the differential salience of the eyes in the fearful faces, ERPs were measured within a backward masking paradigm, where observers were asked to do a gender-decision task with male and female neutral faces. The emotional stimuli used were low-intensity (50%), prototypical (100%), and caricatured (150%) fearful eye whites that were derived from corresponding intensities of fearful faces respectively. Three groups of white squares that have the same pixels as the eye whites were created as control conditions. Analysis of the ERP data showed a linear increase in amplitudes of the parietal–occipital P120 by three intensities of fearful eye whites. These ERP effects were proved sensitive to intensities of negative emotions but not to the simple physical features as the same patterns of differences were not observed on white squares. Larger parietal–occipital P250 amplitudes were observed for caricatured 150% than low-intensity 50% fearful eye whites. It might reflect the subcortical pathway of emotion-specific, fearful processing. The results demonstrate that the human brain is sensitive to intensities of fear, even if just shown intensities of fearful eye white in the absence of awareness. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Sanjiang Plain is the largest freshwater marsh in China, where plant zonation along water-level gradients is a common phenomenon. The aim of this experiment was to identify the role of water level and nutrient availability on plant zonation in the plain. Growth and root morphology of three perennial emergent macrophyte species were investigated by growing in two water levels (0.1 and 10.0 cm, relative to soil surface) and in two levels of nutrient supply (0 and 0.5 g slow-release fertilizer per container). In the plain, Carex lasiocarpa typically occurs at low elevations, Glyceria spiculosa at medial elevations, and Deyeuxia angustifolia at high elevations. The relative growth rate was the highest in C. lasiocarpa and the lowest in D. angustifolia in the 10.0-cm water level. Among the three species, only total biomass of D. angustifolia was affected by water level, and decreased with increasing water level. High nutrient supply led to increased total biomass in C. lasiocarpa and G. spiculosa. High water level led to an increased root diameter in G. spiculosa and a decreased root length in C. lasiocarpa. In the 10.0-cm water level, low nutrient supply led to thinner roots in D. angustifolia, but resulted in an increased specific root length (SRL) in C. lasiocarpa and root diameter in G. spiculosa. Water-level effect on root porosity was only observed in G. spiculosa, and nutrient amendment did not influence root porosity in all the species. These data indicate that both nutrient and water level are important factors regulating plant distribution pattern in the Sanjiang Plain, because both C. lasiocarpa and G. spiculosa are relatively sensitive to nutrient supply whereas D. angustifolia is sensitive to water level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A greenhouse experiment was performed to investigate root growth dynamics, plant growth, root porosity and root morphology of a marsh plant Deyeuxia angustifolia, one of the dominant species in the Sanjiang Plain, China. The aim of this study was to elucidate how this plant adjusts its root system to acclimate to different hydrological environments. Experimental treatments included three water depths: −5, 0 and 5cm (relative to the soil surface). Biomass accumulation was higher in the −5cm (0.90g per plant) and 0cm water-depth (1.18g per plant) than that in the 5cm water-depth treatments (0.66g per plant), indicating that plant growth was inhibited in the high water level. Root:shoot ratio (0.67 versus 0.42–0.43), the length (16cm versus 12–13cm) and diameter of adventitious roots (0.47mm versus 0.41mm), and root number (167 versus 81–119 number of roots per plant) were higher in the 0cm water-depth than those in the high and low water-depth treatments. Enhanced water level led to slightly increased porosity of main roots, but porosity was about 7% in all treatments. After 8 weeks, roots had been distributed into 14, 11 and 7cm soil depth in the 0, −5 and 5cm water-depth treatments, respectively, indicating that both high and low water levels led to shallow root systems. Our data suggest that D. angustifolia can adjust root morphology and root growth pattern according to water level, and that this plant has limited oxygen diffusion potential to the roots due to the reduced biomass in the high water level. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Using the ‘stimulus-delay-target’ experimental model, the brain mechanism of visual-spatial attention shift after number processing was conducted on 13 participants by using event-related potentials (ERP) technology. Results show that influence of the number processing on the spatial attention is indexed by the P3 component; parietal lobes at both sides may be the main neural substrate for number processing and spatial attention, and the numerical-spatial interaction mainly occurs in the response selection stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Crazing is usually a precursor of the brittle fracture of glassy polymers. In this paper, an optical technique is presented to quantify the crazing dominated creep damage that occurs on a stressed transparent glassy polymeric sheet of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The specimens, with various sections, are loaded for a predefined period of time under a constant load at room temperature, and the areal craze densities are obtained as the measurement of creep damage by using an optical microscope. The experimental results show that there is a time lag between load application and the occurrence of the visible crazes, which indicates that craze initiation is a time-dependent phenomenon. Moreover, the time lag decreases with increase in applied stress. Such incubation time to crazing is experimentally obtained and modeled in the present work. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A study of the tension behavior of polycarbonate (PC) under room temperature and various sustained loads is presented. Time-dependent axial elongations and transverse contractions of the specimen were simultaneously measured at nine different stress levels, from 15.89 to 59.4 MPa, and modeled according to a time-stress superposition principle. The test duration was only one hour. It was shown that creep compliance vs. log time curves at different stresses can be horizontally shifted to form a smooth master curve for one year at a reference stress of 30.97 MPa. Moreover, the stress shift factors for axial extension creep curves and transverse contraction creep curves are found to be identical for the stress levels considered, and this is verified using the Poisson's ratio measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Stress induced changes in intrinsic timescale were investigated by nonlinear creep tests on polycarbonate at room temperature. The creep compliance vs. time curves at nine different stress levels were determined and shifted along the logarithmic time axis to get a master compliance curve at a given reference stress level according to the concept of time–stress equivalence. It is shown that the time–stress superposition principle provides an accelerated test technique for evaluating the material''s long-term mechanical properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Intertemporal decision-making is important for both economy and physical health. Nevertheless, in daily life, individuals tend to prefer immediate and smaller rewards to delayed and larger rewards, which is known as delay discounting (DD). Episodic future thinking (EFT) has been proven to influence DD. However, there is still no inconsistent conclusion on the effect of negative EFT on DD. Considering the perceived controllability of negative EFT may address the issue (Controllability refers to the extent to which progress and result of an event could be controlled by ourselves). In the current study, we manipulated EFT conditions (baseline, neutral EFT, negative-controllable EFT and negative-uncontrollable EFT), delayed time (i.e. 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 3 years) and reward magnitude (small, large). We mainly found that when experiencing negative-uncontrollable EFT compared to negative-controllable EFT in the delayed time of 6 months with large rewards, individuals chose more delayed rewards, suggesting that negative-uncontrollable EFT effectively reduced DD under conditions of both large-magnitude reward and longer delayed time. The current study provides new insight for healthy groups on optimising EFT. In that case, individuals are able to gain long-term benefits in financial management and healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the influence of word priming on mathematical problem solving. In two experiments, participants were required to finish multiplication estimation tasks with a specified estimation strategy under different word priming conditions (Experiment 1: concrete words vs. Experiment 2: abstract words). The results showed that: (1) under the concrete word priming condition, in comparison to neutral, positive word priming improved accuracies (ACCs) when using a down‐up strategy (e.g., doing 40 × 80 = 3200 for 43 × 78), while both positive and negative word priming reduced reaction time (RT); (2) under the abstract word priming condition, both positive and negative (vs. neutral) abstract word priming reduced RTs, while individuals' ACCs of completing the estimation task were not influenced by valence. The present study showed that whether concrete words or abstract words were adopted as experimental stimuli, participants' performance of completing mathematical problems was modulated by the valence of the priming word, which led us to develop a better understanding of how arithmetic performance is influenced by word processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) show abnormalities in glucolipid metabolism and reproductive hormone levels, which are of concern in women with BD. This study was dedicated to investigating the glucolipid and reproductive hormone levels of female patients, and to preliminarily investigating their relationships with cognition. Methods: A total of 58 unmedicated female BD patients, 61 stable-medicated female BD patients, and 63 healthy controls (HC) were recruited in this study. Serum glycolipid indexes and reproductive hormones were measured. Cognitive function was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and the Stroop Color-Word Test (Stroop test). Results: Patients with BD showed significant cognitive impairment (p < 0.05), which was not affected by medication. Triglycerides (TG), luteinizing hormone (LH), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were altered in stable-medicated BD patients. In addition, regression analysis showed that progesterone (PRGE) and prolactin (PRL) were negatively associated with cognitive performance in stable-medicated BD patients. Conclusions: Female BD patients may have cognitive deficits and abnormal levels of glycolipids and reproductive hormones. And abnormal levels of glycolipids and reproductive hormones may be associated with cognitive dysfunction in female BD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We demonstrated a wavelength-selective pyroelectric infrared detector by integrating metamaterial perfect absorber on Z-cut LiTaO 3 wafer. • The detector showed nearly 90 % absorbance at a wavelength of 3.16 μm and its detectivity reached 3.2 × 107 cm Hz1/2W−1 at 26.3 Hz. • These results show that MPA-integrated LiTaO 3 detector is effective to realize optical-filter-free pyroelectric sensing elements. Pyroelectric infrared detectors are widely used owing to their uncooling characteristic and full infrared spectrum response. However, the increased volume and complex fabrication process due to the presence of an optical filter or resonant cavity, which is required to realize wavelength selection for every special application, makes it difficult to fabricate an integrated pyroelectric detector. Herein, we propose a wavelength-selective absorbing infrared detector in which a pyroelectric material is integrated with a metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA). A LiTaO 3 single crystal with a metallic film on both sides was selected as the substrate, and a metal-dielectric-metal (MDM)-type MPA was deposited on its top. The MPA structure, consisting of a SiO 2 dielectric layer and cross-type periodic units, provided a high selective absorption at 3.16 μm. With the incident radiation power transferred into heat by the dielectric layer and diffused into LiTaO 3 , a pyroelectric voltage was generated. This integration resulted in an infrared detector with a ∼90 % absorption at 3.16 μm and a detectivity of 3.2 × 107 cm Hz1/2W−1 at 26.3 Hz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A simple optical technique is used to quantify creep crazing damage in a uniaxially stressed transparent glassy polymeric sheet of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) at room temperature. The areal craze densities are taken as a measure of the crazing damage. It is shown that the crazing damage increases with nominal applied stress and creep time. The crazing initiation time and the crazing damage evolution equation for PMMA is modeled from a mechanical viewpoint and the results are used to predict the nonlinear creep behavior of PMMA with growing damage. The predictions are in good agreement with the test results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Fracture surface morphologies of nano-SiO2/epoxy composite with different weight percentage of SiO2 are investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Two types of curing agent, dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) and methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA), are individually used for preparing the composites. It is found that the fracture surface morphology of the composite cured by DMBA shows as radial striations, which suggests a rapid brittle fracture mode, while the fracture surface morphology of the composite cured by MeTHPA shows as regularly spaced ‘rib’ markings, which indicates a stick–slip motion during the fracture process. Furthermore, the uniaxial tensile behavior under constant loading rate and ambient temperature are investigated. It is shown that the elastic modulus of the composite cured by DMBA firstly increases, and then decreases with the mass fraction of nano-SiO2 particles, but the elongation of the composite cured by MeTHPA is reversed with increasing fraction of nano-SiO2 particles. For nano-SiO2/epoxy composite cured with MeTHPA that possesses a suitable fraction of nano-SiO2, an excellent synthetic mechanical property on elastic modulus and elongation is obtained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

As a viscohyperelastic material, filled rubber is widely used as a damping element in mechanical engineering and vehicle engineering. Academic and industrial researchers commonly need to evaluate the fatigue life of these rubber components under cyclic load, quickly and efficiently. The currently used method for fatigue life evaluation is based on the S–N curve, which requires very long and costly fatigue tests. In this paper, fatigue-to-failure experiments were conducted using an hourglass rubber specimen; during testing, the surface temperature of the specimen was measured with a thermal imaging camera. Due to the hysteresis loss during cyclic deformation, the temperature of the material was found to first rise and then level off to a steady state temperature, and then it rose sharply again as failure approached. The S–N curve in the traditional sense was experimentally determined using the maximum principal strain as the fatigue parameter, and a relationship between the steady state temperature increase and the maximum principal strain was then established. Consequently, the steady state temperature increase was connected with the fatigue life. A couple of thousand cycles was sufficient for the temperature to reach its steady state value during fatigue testing, which was less than one tenth of the fatigue life, so the fatigue life of the rubber component could be efficiently assessed by the steady state temperature increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• LiTaO 3 single crystalline films have been used to pyroelectric infrared detectors. • Crystal Ion Slicing technique is used for fabricating LiTaO 3 films. • The pyroelectric coefficient of LiTaO 3 film is comparable to that of bulk crystal. • The modulation frequency is higher compared to commercial devices. LiTaO 3 (LT) single crystalline films have been used to fabricate pyroelectric infrared detectors. Sub-micrometer thick LT films have been transferred on LT holder substrate by Crystal Ion Slicing (CIS) technology using hydrogen ions implantation and SiO 2 bonding process. The surface roughness result from the Gauss distribution of hydrogen ions was decreased from 18.7 nm to 1.5 nm after Ar+ ion bombardment. The pyroelectric coefficient of CIS fabricated LT film (2 × 10−8 C/cm2·K) is comparable to that of LT bulk crystal. Detectors fabricated using the CIS fabricated LT films show larger detectivity at higher modulation frequency than the commercially available pyroelectric devices using LT bulk crystal or PZT polycrystalline thin films. The highest value of specific detectivity is 2.49 × 108 cm·Hz1/2W−1 at 300 Hz. The results demonstrate that the LT single crystal film fabricated by CIS technology is a promising material to fabricate quick response pyroelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative differential resistance (NDR) in memristor has attracted considerable attention due to its nonlinear dynamic characteristic accompanied by resistive switching behavior. Here, we demonstrated the voltage-programmable NDR effect in an Au/LNO/Pt memristor based on a single-crystalline lithium niobate (SC-LNO) thin film tuned by low-energy Ar+ irradiation. A typical N-Shape NDR behavior occurs in reverse bias and can be programmed by changing the positive sweeping voltage. Moreover, thickness-dependent of the NDR behavior was also investigated. Thanks to the merit of the SC-LNO thin film, our memristor reveals excellent uniformity and reproducibility with low cycle-to-cycle variation (down to 1.82% for Ipeak and 2.94% for Vvalley). The carrier transport mechanism of our device is attributed to the interplay of trap-controlled space-charge-limited conduction (SCLC) and the Fowler–Nordheim (FN) tunneling. The transition from bulk-limited conduction (SCLC) to interfacial one (FN) tuned by Ar+ irradiation is crucial for our NDR devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit hypoactivity to positive stimuli and hyperactivity to negative stimuli in terms of neural responses. Automatic emotion regulation (AER) activates triple networks (i.e., the central control network, default mode network, and salience network). Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that adolescents with MDD exhibit dissociable spatiotemporal deficits during positive and negative AER. Methods: We first collected EEG data from 32 adolescents with MDD and 35 healthy adolescents while they performed an implicit emotional Go/NoGo task. Then, we characterized the spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical activity during AER. Results: In Go trials, MDD adolescents exhibited reduced N2 amplitudes, enhanced theta power for positive pictures, and stronger bottom-up information flow from the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) to the right superior frontal gyrus compared to top-down information flow than the controls. In contrast, in NoGo trials, MDD adolescents exhibited elevated P3 amplitudes, enhanced theta power, and stronger top-down information flows from the right middle frontal gyrus to the right OFC and the left insula than the controls. Conclusion: Overall, adolescents with MDD exhibited impaired automatic attention to positive emotions and impaired automatic response inhibition. These findings have potential implications for the clinical treatment of adolescents with MDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To efficiently process the massive amount of sensor data, it is demanding to develop a new paradigm. Inspired by neurobiological systems, an infrared near‐senor reservoir computing (RC) system, consisting of infrared sensors and memristors based on single‐crystalline LiTaO3 and LiNbO3 (LN) thin film respectively, is demonstrated. The analog memristor is used as a reservoir in the RC system to process sensor signals with spatiotemporal characteristics. LN crystal structure stacked with oxygen octahedra provides favorable conditions for reliable Mott variable‐range hopping conduction, which provides the memristor with tens of thousands of reservoir states within a large dynamic range. With the characteristics, the analog sensor signals with high data fidelity can be directly fed to the memristive reservoir, and the spatiotemporal features can be separated and mapped. The system demonstrated a dynamic gesture perception task, achieving an accuracy of 99.6%, which highlights the great application potential of the memristor in signal sensor processing and will advance the application of artificial intelligence in sensor systems. Crystal ion slicing techniques are used to fabricate a single‐crystalline thin film for both the memristor and sensor, which opens up the possibility of realizing monolithic integration of a memristor‐based near‐sensor computing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]