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This paper proposes the BP-CM teaching model to solve the problems of lagging classroom feedback, poor learning initiative of students and students rapidly forgetting what they have learned in Internet of Things (IoT) hardware technology courses. This BP-CM(BOPPPS, PAD, cyclic memory, memory system) teaching model is based on BOPPPS(Bridge in, Objective, Pre-assessment, Participatory learning, Post-assessment, and Summary), PAD(Presentation, Assimilation, and Discussion), and the memory system model. This paper compares the BP-CM teaching model with the traditional teaching model by having research participants teach and learn separately in each teaching model. Taking the Microcontroller Unit (MCU) course as an example, this paper introduces each link of the teaching design of this model. It also explains the design method and intention of each link. Finally, the practical results indicate that the BP-CM teaching model proposed in this article positively impacts students' learning initiative and memory. In addition, teachers can obtain timely feedback using the BP-CM model, and the model significantly improves students' knowledge and ability levels. It enhances the teaching quality of IoT hardware technology courses and is conducive to cultivating students' sustainable learning abilities. This research not only promotes education and teaching reform but also provides a reference case.

Waste printed circuit boards mounted with electronic components (WPCB-ECs) are generated from electronic waste dismantling and recycling process. Air-borne pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), can be released during thermal treatment of WPCB-CEs. In this study, organic substances from WPCB-ECs were pyrolyzed by both thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and in a quartz tube furnace. We discovered that board resin and solder coating were degraded in a one-stage process, whereas capacitor scarfskin and wire jacket had two degradation stages. Debromination of brominated flame retardants occurred, and HBr and phenol were the main products during TGA processing of board resin. Dehydrochlorination occurred, and HCl, benzene and toluene were detected during the pyrolysis of capacitor scarfskin. Benzene formation was found only in the first degradation stage (272-372 °C), while toluene was formed both in the two degradation stages. PM with bimodal mass size distributions at diameters of 0.45-0.5 and 4-5 μm were emitted during heating WPCB-ECs. The PM number concentrations were highest in the size ranges of 0.3-0.35 μm and 1.6-2 μm. The research produced new data on pollutant emissions during thermal treatment of WPCB-ECs, and information on strategies to prevent toxic exposures that compromise the health of recyclers.

Idesia polycarpa from Sichuan is a valuable germplasm with high economic potential, but it faces variety scarcity. To address this, this study collected 16 varieties (lines), identifying IpHT1 as a promising parent due to its high oil content (38.5%) and red fruits. Polyploid induction via adding 0.50% colchicine to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium yielded 520 IpHT1 mutagenized seedlings. Subsequently, flow cytometry (FCM) was performed on 401 morphologically variant seedlings which had been initially screened, resulting in the identification of 15 suspected triploids, 35 suspected tetraploids, and 3 chimeras. Furthermore, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis found that the probe (AG3T3)3 had terminal signals at both ends of each chromosome, allowing for the counting of 42 chromosomes in diploids and 84 in tetraploids. The probe 5S rDNA showed 2, 3, and 4 hybridization signals in the interphase nuclei of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid cells, respectively, but the probe (GAA)6 failed to produce any signal on I. polycarpa chromosomes. Ultimately, 18 polyploids were selected, including 7 triploids and 11 tetraploids. Triploids and tetraploids showed significant leaf morphological and physiological differences from diploids. Consequently, this study successfully established a polyploid breeding system for I. polycarpa, thereby enhancing its genetic diversity and breeding potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hibiscus exhibits high variation in chromosome number both within and among species. The Hibiscus mutabilis L. karyotype was analyzed in detail using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with oligonucleotide probes for [(A[G.sub.3][T.sub.3]).sub.3] and 5S rDNA, which were tested here for the first time. In total, 90 chromosomes were counted in prometaphase and metaphase, and all exhibited similarly intense [(A[G.sub.3][T.sub.3]).sub.3] signals at both ends. [(A[G.sub.3][T.sub.3]).sub.3] showed little variation and thus did not allow discrimination among H. mutabilis chromosomes, but its location at both ends confirmed the integrity of each chromosome, thus contributing to accurate counting of the numerous, small chromosomes. Oligo-5S rDNA marked the proximal/distal regions of six chromosomes: weak signals on chromosomes 7 and 8, slightly stronger signals on chromosomes 15 and 16, and very strong signals on chromosomes 17 and 18. Therefore, 5S rDNA could assist in chromosome identification in H. mutabilis. Metaphase chromosome lengths ranged from 3.00 to 1.18 [mu]m, indicating small chromosomes. The ratios of longest to shortest chromosome length in prometaphase and metaphase were 2.58 and 2.54, respectively, indicating karyotype asymmetry in H. mutabilis. These results provide an exact chromosome number and a physical map, which will be useful for genome assembly and contribute to molecular cytogenetics in the genus Hibiscus. Key words: Malvaceae, ribosomal RNA, chromosome ends, oligonucleotides. Le genre Hibiscus presente une grande variation quant au nombre de chromosomes tant au sein des especes qu'entre elles. Le caryotype de l'Hibiscus mutabilis L. a ete analyse en detail au moyen de l'hybridation in situ en fluorescence (FISH) a l'aide de sondes oligonucleotidiques pour le motif [(A[G.sub.3][T.sub.3]).sub.3] et l'ADNr 5S, toutes deux employees pour la premiere fois. Au total, 90 chromosomes ont ete comptes en prometaphase et en metaphase et ils pre-sentaient tous un signal [(A[G.sub.3][T.sub.3]).sub.3] d'intensite semblable aux deux extremites. Les signaux [(A[G.sub.3][T.sub.3]).sub.3] variaient peu et ne permettaient donc pas de distinguer les chromosomes du H. mutabilis, mais leur localisation aux deux extremites des chromosomes a permis de confirmer l'integrite de chaque chromosome et d'assurer un decompte juste du grand nombre de petits chromosomes. L'oligo d'ADNr 5S a marque les regions proximales/distales chez six chromosomes : des signaux faibles ont ete observes sur les chromosomes 7 et 8, des signaux legerement plus eleves ont ete vus sur les chromosomes 15 et 16, et de tres forts signaux ont ete observes sur les chromosomes 17 et 18. Ainsi, l'ADNr 5S pourrait aider dans l'identification de chromosomes chez le H. mutabilis. La longueur des chromosomes en metaphase variait entre 3,00 et 1,18 [mu]m, ce qui en faisait de petits chromosomes. Les ratios entre le chromosome le plus long et le plus court en prometaphas et et en metaphase etaient respectivement de 2,58 et 2,54, ce qui indique une asymetrie caryotypique chez le H. mutabilis. Ces resultats apportent un decompte exact des chromosomes et une carte physique, lesquels seront utiles pour l'assemblage d'un genome et contribueront a la cytogenetique moleculaire chez le genre Hibiscus. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : Malvacees, ARN ribosomique, extremites des chromosomes, oligonucleotides., Introduction The genus Hibiscus comprises approximately 470 accepted species, and its native range is from the tropics and sub-tropics to North America (Christenhusz et al. 2017). To date, ~25 species [...]

Background: Resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) studies have provided much evidence for abnormal intrinsic brain activity in schizophrenia, but results have been inconsistent. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of whole-brain, resting-state fMRI studies that explored differences in amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) between people with schizophrenia (including first episode and chronic) and healthy controls. Results: A systematic literature search identified 24 studies comparing a total of 1249 people with schizophrenia and 1179 healthy controls. Overall, patients with schizophrenia displayed decreased ALFF in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, bilateral precuneus, left inferior parietal gyri and right occipital lobe, and increased ALFF in the right putamen, right inferior frontal gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus and right anterior cingulate cortex. In the subgroup analysis, patients with first-episode schizophrenia demonstrated decreased ALFF in the bilateral inferior parietal gyri, right precuneus and left medial prefrontal cortex, and increased ALFF in the bilateral putamen and bilateral occipital gyrus. Patients with chronic schizophrenia showed decreased ALFF in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, left precuneus and right occipital gyrus, and increased ALFF in the bilateral inferior frontal gyri, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, left amygdala, left inferior temporal gyrus, right anterior cingulate cortex and left insula. Limitations: The small sample size of our subgroup analysis, predominantly Asian samples, processing steps and publication bias could have limited the accuracy of the results. Conclusion: Our comprehensive meta-analysis suggests that findings of aberrant regional intrinsic brain activity during the initial stages of schizophrenia, and much more widespread damage with the progression of disease, may contribute to our understanding of the progressive pathophysiology of schizophrenia., Introduction Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychiatric illnesses, typically associated with complex and diverse impairments in cognitive and affective behaviour and perceptual levels of processing, with a lifetime [...]

This study was conducted to evaluate the 5S rDNA site number, position, and origin of signal pattern diversity in 42 plant species using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The species were selected based on the discovery of karyotype rearrangement, or because 5S rDNA had not yet been explored the species. The chromosome number varied from 14 to 160, and the chromosome length ranged from 0.63 to 6.88 μm, with 21 species having small chromosomes (<3 μm). The chromosome numbers of three species and the 5S rDNA loci of nineteen species are reported for the first time. Six 5S rDNA signal pattern types were identified. The 5S rDNA varied and was abundant in signal site numbers (2–18), positions (distal, proximal, outside of chromosome arms), and even in signal intensity. Variation in the numbers and locations of 5S rDNA was observed in 20 species, whereas an extensive stable number and location of 5S rDNA was found in 22 species. The potential origin of the signal pattern diversity was proposed and discussed. These data characterized the variability of 5S rDNA within the karyotypes of the 42 species that exhibited chromosomal rearrangements and provided anchor points for genetic physical maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prunellae Spica (PS), derived from the dried fruit spikes of Prunella vulgaris L., is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. Our previous studies found that PVE30, a water‐extracting ethanol‐precipitating "glycoprotein" macromolecule of PS, was a potential anti‐herpes simplex virus (HSV) candidate. However, due to the complex structure and diverse bioactivity of the "glycoprotein", ensuring its quality consistency across different batches of PVE30 becomes particularly challenging. This poses a significant hurdle for new drug development based on PVE30. Objective: Our study aimed to integrate multi‐index determination coupled with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to holistically profile the quality consistency of "glycoprotein" in PVE30. Methods: High‐performance gel permeation chromatography with refractive index detector (HPGPC‐RID) was used to characterise the molecular weight (Mw) distribution, HPLC‐PDA was used to quantitatively analyse the composed monosaccharides and amino acids, and UV‐VIS was used to quantify the contents of polysaccharides and proteins. Qualitative and quantitative consistency was analysed for each single index in 16 batches of PVE30, and a 16 × 38 data matrix, coupled with HCA, was used to evaluate the holistic quality consistency of PVE30. Results: The newly developed and validated methods were exclusive, linear, precise, accurate, and stable enough to quantify multi‐indexes in PVE30. Single‐index analysis revealed that 16 batches of PVE30 were qualitatively consistent in Mw distribution, polysaccharides and proteins, and the composition of composed monosaccharides and amino acids but quantitatively inconsistent in the relative contents of some "glycoprotein" macromolecules, as well as the composed monosaccharides/amino acids. HCA showed that the holistic quality of PVE30 was inconsistent, the inconsistency was uncorrelated with the regions where PS was commercially collected, and the contents of 17 amino acids and 2 monosaccharides contributed most to the holistic quality inconsistency. Conclusion: Multi‐index determination coupled with HCA was successful in evaluating the quality consistency of PVE30, and the significant difference in quantitative indices was not caused by the origin of PS. The cultivating basis should be confirmed for PVE30‐based new drug development. Multi‐index determination coupled with HCA was successful in evaluating the quality consistency of PVE30, and the significant difference in quantitative indices was not caused by the origin of Prunellae Spica (PS). The contents of 17 amino acids and 2 monosaccharides (D‐Xyl and Ara) contributed most to the holistic quality inconsistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AISI 316L stainless steel has received considerable attention as a common material for key ball valve components; however, its properties cannot be improved through traditional phase transformation, and fretting wears the contact interface between valve parts. A carburized layer was prepared on the surface of AISI 316L stainless steel by using double-glow low-temperature plasma carburization technology. This study reveals the effect of double-glow low-temperature plasma carburization technology on the fretting wear mechanism of AISI 316L steel under different normal loads and displacements. The fretting wear behavior and energy dissipation of the AISI 316L steel and the carburized layer were studied on an SRV-V fretting friction and wear machine with ball–plane contact. The wear mark morphology was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the phase structure of the carburized layer was characterized with X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and the wear profile and wear volume were evaluated with laser confocal microscopy. The carburized layer contains a single Sc phase, a uniform and dense structure, and a metallurgically combined matrix. After plasma carburizing, the sample exhibited a maximum surface hardness of 897 ± 18 HV0.2, which is approximately four times higher than that of the matrix (273 ± 33 HV0.2). Moreover, the surface roughness was approximately doubled. The wear depth, wear rate, and frictional dissipation energy coefficient of the carburized layer were significantly reduced by up to approximately an order of magnitude compared with the matrix, while the wear resistance and fretting wear stability of the carburized layer were significantly improved. Under different load conditions, the wear mechanism of the AISI 316L steel changed from adhesive wear and abrasive wear to adhesive wear, fatigue delamination, and abrasive wear. Meanwhile, the wear mechanism of the carburized layer changed from adhesive wear to adhesive wear and fatigue delamination, accompanied by a furrowing effect. Under variable displacement conditions, both the AISI 316L steel and carburized layer mainly exhibited adhesive wear and fatigue peeling. Oxygen elements accumulated in the wear marks of the AISI 316L steel and carburized layer, indicating oxidative wear. The fretting wear properties of the AISI 316L steel and carburized layer were determined using the coupled competition between mechanical factors and thermochemical factors. Low-temperature plasma carburization technology improved the stability of the fretting wear process and changed the fretting regime of the AISI 316L steel and could be considered as anti-wearing coatings of ball valves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cases of atopic dermatitis (AD)‐like rash induced by IL‐17A inhibitor secukinumab treatment (SI‐AD) have been recently reported in psoriasis patients. To identify immune and inflammatory factors expression in SI‐AD. A panel of 15 immune and inflammatory factors in peripheral blood samples from various groups, including patients with patients with SI‐AD, psoriasis with secukinumab (S‐stable), advanced psoriasis patients (Advanced) and healthy controls (HC). Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), IL‐4 and IL‐17A were detected in skin tissue biopsy samples by immunohistochemistry and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The immunoglobulin E levels in the SI‐AD patients exceeded normal values. The IL‐10 levels in SI‐AD patients were higher than those in S‐stable patients, advanced patients and HC. The IL‐4 levels in SI‐AD patients were higher than that in S‐stable patients and HC. The IL‐17A levels in SI‐AD patients were higher than those in advanced psoriasis patients and HC, but no significant differences were observed between SI‐AD patients and S‐stable patients. IL‐10 and IL‐4 levels were higher in AD‐like rashes than in healthy skin, while IL‐17A did not differ significantly between the two. Upon discontinuing secukinumab, and switching to oral cyclosporine, antihistamines, Janus kinase 1 inhibitor and topical glucocorticoids, SI‐AD patients experienced significant improvement in their skin lesions. Upon reexamination, all 15 immune and inflammatory factors returned to normal levels. Immune shift from Th17 towards Th2 may occur in SI‐AD, as indicated by abnormal expression of multiple immune and inflammatory factors observed in peripheral blood and skin tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of the locations of repeat elements could be very important in the assembly of genome sequences and their assignment to physical chromosomes. Genomic and species relationships among 16 species were investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the Am1 and [(ACT).sub.6] probes. The Am1 oligonucleotide probe was particularly enriched in the C genomes, whereas the [(ACT).sub.6] trinucleotide repeat probe showed a diverse distribution of hybridization patterns in the A, AB, C, AC, and ACD genomes but might not be present in the B and D genomes. The hybridization pattern of Avena sativa was very similar to that of A. insularis, indicating that this species most likely originated from A. insularis as a tetraploid ancestor. Although the two FISH probes failed to identify relationships of more species, this proof-of-concept approach opens the way to the use of FISH probes in assigning other signature elements from genomic sequence to physical chromosomes. Key words: genetic diversity, oat, oligonucleotide, chromosome markers. Des connaissances sur l'emplacement des elements repetes pourraient s'averer tres importantes pour l'assemblage de sequences genomiques et l'identification des chromosomes physiques. Les relations genomiques et entre especes ont ete investiguees chez seize especes au moyen de l'hybridation in situ en fluorescence (FISH) a l'aide des sondes Am1 et [(ACT).sub.6]. La sonde oligonucleotidique Am1 etait particulierement abondante au sein des genomes C, tandis que la suite trinucleotidique [(ACT).sub.6] presentait une distribution variee des signaux d'hybridation au sein des genomes A, AB, C, AC et ACD, mais pourrait etre absente des genomes B et D. Les signaux d'hybridation chez l'Avena sativa etaient tres semblables a ceux observes chez l'A. insularis, ce qui suggere que la premiere serait derivee de la seconde, laquelle en constituerait l'ancetre tetraploide. Bien que les deux sondes FISH employees n'ont pas permis de reveler les relations entre d'autres especes, cette preuve de concept ouvre la voie a l'emploi de sondes FISH pour assigner a un chromosome physique des sequences contribuant a une signature genomique. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : diversite genetique, avoine, oligonucleotide, marqueurs chromosomiques., Introduction The genus Avena comprises 29 species with three ploidy levels (Baum 1977; Baum and Fedak 1985a, 1985b). This genus includes two divergent diploid genomic groups (the A and C [...]