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Purpose: Acute gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella spp. among children post a great threat for global public health. The increasing rate of drug-resistant Salmonella spp. has also become a challenging problem worldwide. In this study, the prevalence, serotypes, and antimicrobial characteristics of Salmonella isolated from children in Guangzhou, China, were investigated to provide supporting information for clinical treatment and prevention. Methods: Clinical data of children featured with gastroenteritis symptoms from 2018 to 2023 in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital were collected. The difference and fluctuation of antimicrobial resistance between serotypes and years were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 1304 Salmonella isolates were cultural-confirmed. The overall positive rate of Salmonella isolated from stool samples was 22.0% (1304/5924). Salmonella infections occur mainly from June to September and the majority of infected children aged under 4 years. Serogroup B was the most common serogroup among Salmonella isolates (74.6%, 973/1304). The predominant serotypes of Salmonella isolates were Typhimurium (63.1%, 823/1304). Higher drug resistance rate of Salmonella spp. to ceftriaxone was observed in 2023. The drug resistance rates of Salmonella isolates to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and ampicillin are at high level during the past 6 years. Notably, higher multi-drug resistance (MDR) rate was demonstrated in Salmonella Typhimurium compared with other serotypes. Conclusion: Salmonella Typhimurium was the most common serotype isolated from children in Guangzhou, China, and it may mainly account for the high drug resistance rate in Salmonella spp. to most of the antimicrobial profiles. For controlling the high drug resistance rate of Salmonella spp. continuous surveillance of drug resistance and appropriate use of antibiotics based on clinical and laboratory results are of great significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid metabolism is closely linked to adiposity. Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a typical genetic disorder causing obesity; however, the distinct lipidomic profiles in PWS children have not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, serum lipidomics analyses were simultaneously explored in PWS, simple obesity (SO), and normal children (Normal). Results indicated that the total concentration of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in the PWS group were significantly deceased compared with both the SO and the Normal group. In contrast, compared with the Normal group, there was an overall significant increase in triacylglycerol (TAG) levels in both the PWS and the SO groups, with the highest found in SO group. Thirty-nine and 50 differential lipid species were screened among 3 groups: between obesity (PWS and SO) and the Normal group. Correlation analysis revealed distinct profiles in PWS that was different from other 2 groups. Notably, PC (P16:0/18:1), PE (P18:0-20:3), PE (P18:0-20:4)) showed significant negative correlation with body mass index (BMI) only in the PWS group. PE (P16:0-18:2) showed a negative association with BMI and weight in the PWS group, but significant positive correlation in the SO group; no statistically significant association was found in the Normal group. We also found a significant negative correlation between Blautia genus abundance and several significantly changed lipids, including LPC (14:0), LPC (16:0), TAG (C50:2/C51:9), TAG (C52:2/C53:9), TAG (C52:3/C53:10), and TAG (C52:4/C53:11), but no significant correlation in the Normal group and the SO group. Similarly, in the PWS group, the Neisseria genus was significantly negatively associated with acylcarnitine (CAR) (14:1), CAR (18:0), PE (P18:0/20:3), and PE (P18:0/20:4), and extremely positively associated with TAG (C52:2/C53:9); no obvious correlations were observed in the Normal group and the SO group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dengue virus is transmitted by mosquito around the tropical and sub-tropical regions. There was a large-scale dengue epidemic in Guangdong province, China during 2014 and around fifty thousands dengue fever cases, including six deaths, have been reported. In this study, we aimed to understand the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed dengue virus (DENV) infection and determined the origin of the virus from the outbreak.Methods: We have summarized the data from 138 hospitalized patients who were laboratory confirmed for dengue infection in Guangzhou city. Patients were classified as either non-severe dengue fever or severe dengue fever according to the guidelines from the WHO. Viral serotypes were determined by real time RT-PCR. Genetic sequences of the envelope and non-structural genes were amplified and analyzed from the serum samples of eleven patients.Results: Co-circulation of dengue serotype 1 and 2 were identified from the outbreak. Patients infected by serotype 1 or 2 showed similar clinical features. Patients with severe dengue fever showed prolonged hospitalization and significant impairment of organ functions. Four samples from serotype 1 and five samples from serotype 2 were closely related respectively and clustered with Guangzhou isolates from previous years. The remaining isolates of serotype 1 were related to viruses found in Malaysia, India, Bangladesh and Singapore.Conclusion: The phylogenetic grouping of Guangdong isolates suggests that dengue is no longer an imported disease in China. Analysis of the isolates obtained in this study together with the size of the outbreak are suggestive of endemic circulation in Guangdong province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]