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As tweakable block ciphers from public permutations, tweakable Even–Mansour ciphers are widely used in disk sector encryption and data storage encryption. With the rapid improvement of computing power, especially the development of quantum computing technology and quantum computers, the quantum security of tweakable Even–Mansour ciphers should be concerned and studied. This paper focuses on the security of tweakable Even–Mansour ciphers in the quantum setting. For one-round tweakable Even–Mansour cipher, we give its quantum circuit, present a quantum key recovery attack in polynomial time by Simon's algorithm and show the concrete resource estimation. For two-round tweakable Even–Mansour cipher, we present a better quantum key recovery attack by BHT-meets-Simon algorithm than that by Grover-meets-Simon algorithm from a new perspective of variable tweaks and show the concrete resource estimation. Finally, we generalize to r-round tweakable Even–Mansour cipher and present a quantum key recovery attack by combining Grover's algorithm and Simon's algorithm. Our work is of great importance. We use BHT-meets-Simon algorithm to achieve better quantum key recovery attacks than Grover-meets-Simon algorithm for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asthma is a common chronic disease that is characterized by respiratory symptoms including cough, wheeze, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. The underlying mechanisms of this disease are not fully elucidated, so more research is needed to identify better therapeutic compounds and biomarkers to improve disease outcomes. In this present study, we used bioinformatics to analyze the gene expression of adult asthma in publicly available microarray datasets to identify putative therapeutic molecules for this disease. We first compared gene expression in healthy volunteers and adult asthma patients to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for further analysis. A final gene expression signature of 49 genes, including 34 upregulated and 15 downregulated genes, was obtained. Protein–protein interaction and hub analyses showed that 10 genes, including POSTN, CPA3, CCL26, SERPINB2, CLCA1, TPSAB1, TPSB2, MUC5B, BPIFA1, and CST1, may be hub genes. Then, the L1000CDS2 search engine was used for drug repurposing studies. The top approved drug candidate predicted to reverse the asthma gene signature was lovastatin. Clustergram results showed that lovastatin may perturb MUC5B expression. Moreover, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and computational alanine scanning results supported the notion that lovastatin may interact with MUC5B via key residues such as Thr80, Thr91, Leu93, and Gln105. In summary, by analyzing gene expression signatures, hub genes, and therapeutic perturbation, we show that lovastatin is an approved drug candidate that may have potential for treating adult asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At SAC 2021, Frixons et al. proposed quantum boomerang attacks that can effectively recover the keys of block ciphers in the quantum setting. Based on their work, we further consider how to quantize the generic boomerang attacks proposed by Biham et al. at FSE 2002, so as to obtain more generic quantum boomerang attacks. Similar to Frixons et al.'s work, we only consider quantum key recovery attacks in the single-key setting. With the help of some famous quantum algorithms, this paper presents two methods to convert the attacks of Biham et al. into some new quantum key recovery attacks. In order to proof our methods, we apply our new ideas to attack Serpent-256 and ARIA-196. To sum up, for Serpent-256, we give valid 9-round and 10-round quantum key recovery attacks respectively. The quantum time complexity of 9-round and 10-round of Serpent-256 is 2 115.43 and 2 126.6 respectively. Furthermore, we show a valid quantum key attack on 6-round ARIA-196 which has a time complexity of 2 89.8 with negligible memory. The time complexity of the above quantum attacks are better than the corresponding classical attacks and quantum generic key recovery attack via Grover's algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of how to improve the usability of data publishing under differential privacy has become one of the top questions in the field of machine learning privacy protection, and the key to solving this problem is to allocate a reasonable privacy protection budget. To solve this problem, we design a privacy budget allocation algorithm based on out-of-bag estimation in random forest. The algorithm firstly calculates the decision tree weights and feature weights by the out-of-bag data under differential privacy protection. Secondly, statistical methods are introduced to classify features into best feature set, pruned feature set, and removable feature set. Then, pruning is performed using the pruned feature set to avoid decision trees over-fitting when constructing an ϵ -differential privacy random forest. Finally, the privacy budget is allocated proportionally based on the decision tree weights and feature weights in the random forest. We conducted experimental comparisons with real data sets from Adult and Mushroom to demonstrate that this algorithm not only protects data security and privacy, but also improves model classification accuracy and data availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• TyrAT, PPO, TDC, and SOMT are important in alkaloid synthesis of L. aggregate. • N-methyllaurotetanine accumulates exclusively in roots of L. aggregata. • Isoquinoline alkaloids of L. aggregata accumulate preferentially in roots. • Taproots of L. aggregata can be valuable raw materials for pharmaceutical industry. Lindera aggregata (L. aggregata) is a wild shrub growing in the forests of Southeast Asia, whose main bioactive constituents are isoquinoline alkaloids. They are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. The studies on the metabolites and biosynthesis pathways in L. aggregata remain poorly understood. Nine isoquinoline alkaloid compounds were identified by UPLC Triple TOF-MS/MS in this study. Except for N-methyllaurotetanine, most isoquinoline alkaloid compounds were widely distributed in various parts of L. aggregata and accumulated preferentially in roots than in leaves. Transcriptome data showed that several isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic genes, such as TyrAT, PPO, TDC, and SOMT, were identified to play important roles in generating differential metabolites in roots and leaves of L. aggregata. Concentration-dependent analgesic effects and toxic effects of them were demonstrated in zebrafish experiments, and the overall ranking was JRAL > TRAL > LAL. The results of this study would provide useful information for the synthesis mechanisms of isoquinoline alkaloids in L. aggregata , and provide valuable information for the application of traditional non-medicinal parts of L. aggregata in food and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present some new key-recovery attacks on Misty L-KF, Misty R-KF, and generalized Feistel schemes. Firstly, we propose a new 5-round distinguisher on Misty L-KF structure. Based on our new distinguisher attack, we propose a new 6-round Demiric–Selçuk meet-in-the-middle attack (DS-MITM attack) against Misty L-KF structure. Secondly, we extend our classical DS-MITM attack to a new quantum DS-MITM attack on Misty L-KF structure by using the quantum claw finding algorithm. In addition, we apply the above method to attack Misty R-KF and generalized Feistel schemes. To sum up, we construct our classical key-recovery attacks on the 6-round Misty L-KF structure and Misty R-KF structure with O (2 3 n / 4) time and O (2 n / 2) memory cost. By using a quantum computer, our new quantum key-recovery attacks on the 6-round Misty L-KF structures and Misty R-KF structures can be constructed with O ~ (2 n / 2) time and O (2 n / 2) memory cost. Furthermore, we can construct our new quantum (5 d - 4) -round key-recovery attacks on the d-branch contracting Feistels with O ~ (2 (d - 1) n / d) time and O (2 (d - 1) n / d) memory cost. In the end, we can construct our new quantum (4 d - 3) -round and (5 d - 4) -round key-recovery attacks on the two types of d-branch expanding Feistels with O ~ (2 (d - 1) n / d) time and O (2 (d - 1) n / d) memory cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of quantum computation theory, some researchers further apply it to improve the efficiency of classical machine learning algorithms. Based on physical graph state, an efficient quantum version of classifier is proposed in this paper. Different from existing classical methods, realizing the proposed scheme is an entangling-subgraphs process of physical system to build the classifier by using the graph states. Resort to the efficiency of graph state, the quantum algorithm is more efficient to big data than the classical ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional Chinese herb Rubus chingii Hu (R. chingii) is widely used in clinical practice due to its beneficial effects. Flavonoids are the important class of pharmacological substances in R. chingii , however, the molecular mechanism underlying the differences in active flavonoid contents in R. chingii at different developmental stages remain poorly understood. In this experiment, we selected four developmental stages (GG, GY, YR, RR) of R. chingii as the research material. We studied the untargeted and targeted metabolic profiles of flavonoids in different periods of R. chingii , combining full-length and comparative transcriptome analyses. Functional analyses were conducted on genes implicated in flavonoid differences. GG and RR displayed relatively higher and lower contents of flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, and isoflavonoid, respectively. RNA-seq analyses showed structural genes such as RcPAL, RcC4H, Rc4CL, RcCHS, RcCHI, RcF3H, RcF3′H, and RcFLS in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were upregulated in GG, which were essential for the accumulation flavanones, flavones, and flavonols (effective components). qRT-PCR analyses investigated that six structural genes RcCHI, RcF3H, 2 RcCHS, and 2 Rc4CL, two TFs RcMYB308 and RcMYB123 had a consistent expression pattern with which in transcriptome. Also, an interaction network showed that the RcMYB308 could positively regulate Ka3R, Qu, Qu3G, AS, Hy, Ti through RcF3H. Furthermore, Subcellular localization analysis revealed that RcMYB308 was localization to the nucleus. In tobacco, RcMYB308 was overexpressed, resulting in higher flavonoids, RcF3H, RcF3′H, RcCHI, and RcFLS. RcMYB308 upregulated RcF3H in dual-luciferase assays. These results provide new insights for further understanding the molecular mechanism regulating flavonol biosynthesis in R. chingii fruit, and also provide a potential MYB regulator for molecular breeding of R. chingii. • Metabolic profiles with transcriptome analyses were performed in R. chingii. • GG and RR displayed relatively higher and lower contents of flavonoids. • Important structural genes in flavonoid biosynthesis were upregulated in GG. • RcMYB308 led to increased flavonols, RcF3H, RcF3′H, RcCHI, and RcFLS. • Dual-luciferase assays confirmed that RcMYB308 upregulated RcF3H. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Coppersmith proposed the use of the LLL algorithm to solve univariate modular polynomial equations at EUROCRYPT'96, it has sparked a fervent research interest in lattice analysis among cryptographers. Despite its polynomial-time nature, the LLL algorithm exhibits a high-order polynomial upper bound in terms of theoretical complexity, particularly with longer computation times when applied to high-dimensional lattices. In addressing this issue, we propose an improved algorithm based on block preprocessing, building on the original Coppersmith algorithm and thus providing proof of correctness for this algorithm. This approach effectively reduces the solution time of the algorithm, offering a maximum improvement of 8.1% compared to the original Coppersmith algorithm. Additionally, we demonstrate the compatibility of our algorithm with the rounding algorithm proposed at PKC 2014. The combined utilization of these approaches further enhances the efficiency of our algorithm. The experimental results show that the combined algorithm achieves a maximum improvement of 22.4% in solution time compared to the original Coppersmith algorithm. It also outperforms the standalone rounding algorithm with a maximum improvement of 12.1%. When compared to the improved Coppersmith algorithm based on row common factor extraction, our proposed algorithm demonstrates comparable or even superior performance in certain dimensions. The block preprocessing algorithm in our approach enables independent execution without data exchange, making it suitable for leveraging multi-processing advantages in scenarios involving higher degrees of modular polynomial equations. This offers a new perspective for achieving the parallel computation of the Coppersmith algorithm, facilitating parallel execution and providing valuable insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel approach for construction of quantum codes employing jacket transform is proposed in this paper. The constructed quantum nested codes has less complexities than the previous quantum codes in encoding procedures as well as decoding procedures. Furthermore, the quantum error codes can be constructed with an arbitrary size using the number decomposition, and the corresponding distance of constructed quantum codes can be adjusted by changing decomposition methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new method to find high-probability truncated differentials using matrix muliplication. For Markov cipher with similar round function, suppose that the transition probability matrix of round function is |$\mathcal{D}$|⁠ , then |$\mathcal{D}^{r}$| contains all the differential probabilities of an |$r$| -round block cipher. To reduce the matrix dimension, we consider the word-oriented truncated differential and the truncated transition probability matrix |$\mathcal{T}$|⁠. Regardless of the effect of the |$S$| -box, we focus on whether there is a non-zero difference on one cell instead of the value of the difference. In this case, the matrix dimension reduces significantly and we can calculate |$\mathcal{T}^{r}$| using a workstation. Then all the |$r$| -round truncated differential probabilities can be found from |$\mathcal{T}^{r}$|⁠. And the probability in |$\mathcal{T}^{r}$| is the probability of the whole truncated differential hull but not a single or several truncated differential characteristics. Besides, we make a more accurate probability estimation of the truncated differential of lightweight block cipher. Combined with the truncated differential hull, we found some longer truncated differential distinguishers. And as |$\mathcal{T}^{r}$| stores all the truncated differential probabilities, we can also find all the impossible truncated differentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the seminal work of Chen et al. to construct pseudorandom functions (PRFs) from the public random permutations, a series of designs of beyond-birthday-bound secure PRFs or message authentication codes(MACs) have been proposed, like pEDM , pPMAC _ Plus , PDM * MAC , and 1 K - PDM * MAC , etc. These constructions were classically proved to be secure at least up to O (2 2 n / 3) queries. In this paper, we consider to attack these constructions in the quantum setting. In particular, we show the key-recovery attack against pEDM and pPMAC _ Plus with O (n · 2 n / 2) quantum queries by using Grover-meets-Simon algorithm. Moreover, a forgery attack is given against the constructions PDM * MAC and nEHtM p with O(n) quantum complexity, and under the same query complexity, we can even recover the key of 1 K - PDM * MAC . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microstructure of a powder metallurgical high‐speed steel (PM HSS) after sliding wear is investigated by using electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Part of martensite blocks become coarsened as the fine blocks can still be seen after sliding wear. The texture, nanolamellar structure, and twin martensite are observed, which suggests that grain rotation and grain boundary migration are driven by plastic deformation and are the main factors for grain growth. However, grain rotation and grain boundary migration are also blocked by carbides and alloy elements segregation, resulting in discontinuous grain growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of tempering temperature on the microstructure of powder metallurgy high‐speed steels (PM HSSs) PM20 is investigated by X‐ray diffraction, electron backscattering diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. With the increasing of tempering temperature, the ratio of low angle grain boundaries decreases, while the volume fraction and size of M6C and VC carbides increase. The wear resistance of PM20 with different tempering temperatures is studied by reciprocating ball‐on‐flat methods. The wear properties of PM20 decrease gradually with the increasing of tempering temperature. The variation of wear properties is explained by the characteristic of the martensite matrix, carbides, and the misorientation angle of boundaries. All samples present a complex wear mechanism of abrasive wear and oxidation wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose some new quantum circuit implementations of SM4 block cipher and SM3 hash function, which are based on the following ideas. Firstly, we propose an improved classical circuit of SM4's S-box, which requires less AND gates than the previous works. Our improved classical circuit of SM4's S-box can be used for constructing a new quantum circuit of SM4's S-box. Secondly, we propose a new implementation of the Feistel-like structure of SM4 so as to reduce the number of qubits and T-depth simultaneously. Thirdly, we reduce the number of qubits in our quantum circuit of SM3 by making use of linear message expansion algorithm of SM3. Fourthly, we propose some in-place implementations of the linear permutations of SM4 and SM3. Based on our new techniques, our stand-alone memory-efficient quantum circuit implementation of SM4 only requires 384 qubits, seven ancilla qubits and 33,024 T-depth, while our depth-efficient quantum circuit of SM4 requires 384 qubits, 1080 ancilla qubits and 455 T-depth. Furthermore, we propose a stand-alone memory-efficient quantum circuit implementation of SM3 with 768 qubits, 33 ancilla qubits and 144,768 T-depth, while our depth-efficient quantum circuit of SM3 requires 768 qubits, 202 ancilla qubits, and 25,344 T-depth. Compared to the previous work, our new quantum circuits of SM3 requires less qubits and T-depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose some new methods to reduce the time and memory cost in our quantum circuit implementations of Camellia block cipher. Firstly, we present some new quantum circuits of Camellia's S-box, which are based on our improved classical circuit of Camellia's S-box. That is, we not only propose an improved classical circuit of Camellia's S-box by using the tower field architecture, but also explore the linear relationship between different parameters in Camellia's S-box. Based on our improved classical circuit of Camellia's S-box, we can reduce the number of qubits and the T-depth in the quantum circuit of Camellia's S-box. Secondly, we propose a new in-place implementation of the inverse linear layer of Camellia, which can be used to construct an efficient quantum circuit of the Feistel–SPN structure in Camellia. To sum up, our quantum circuit implementations of Camellia-128/-192/-256 with fewer qubits only require 391/647/647 qubits, while the T-depth of our depth-efficient quantum circuits of Camellia-128/-192/-256 are 114/156/156. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Lindera aggregata can alleviate CKD by improving kidney pathology. • Lindera aggregata can alleviate CKD by regulating related biochemical indicators. • Lindera aggregata can alleviate CKD by regulating the metabolic profiling. • Lindera aggregata can regulate TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Lindera aggregata is a main Chinese herb of ancient prescriptions Suoquan pill applied for treating the chronic kidney disease (CKD). A large number of application histories of Lindera aggregata in the treatment of CKD have been recorded in Chinese traditional medical literature. The previous reports revealed that Lindera aggregata can treat CKD. Rats were randomly divided into control, model, Huangkui, Lindera aggregata ethanol extract (LEE) and Lindera aggregata water extract (LWE) groups. hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to detect the pathology of kidney. The levels of serum creatinine (Scr), serum Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine protein (UP), kidney index(KI) were evaluated. The UPLC − QTOF/MS were applied to probe the metabolic profile. Furthermore, Indoxyl sulfate-induced human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cell model was built to determine the expression levels of pathogenesis-related proteins. The results demonstrated that LEE and LWE significantly inhibited the rebound in Scr, BUN, NGAL, UP and KI in models, except for the effect of LWE at low dose (LWE-L) and LEE at low dose (LEE-L) on KI and the effect of LWE-H at high dose (LWE-H) and LEE-L on BUN and NGAL. Moreover, Lindera aggregata extracts alleviated renal tubular dilatation, interstitial fibrosis and interstitial inflammation. By analysis, twenty-eight metabolites were related to CKD. After intervention of Lindera aggregata extracts, some metabolites approach to a normal-like level, such as Indoxyl sulfate. These metabolites are mainly involved in tryptophan, fatty acid, glycerophospholipid, tyrosine and arachidonic acid metabolic pathways. Furthermore, Lindera aggregata extracts mediate the expression of smad2, smad3, smad7 and TGF-β in Indoxyl sulfate-induced HK-2 cell. Lindera aggregata extracts can mitigate adenine-induced CKD by modulating the metabolic profile and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, providing important supports for developing protective agent of Lindera aggregata for CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scrophulariae Radix is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines. The harvesting time of Scrophulariae Radix is closely related to the quality of products in this traditional Chinese medicine. The goal of the study is to analyze the dynamic changes of metabolite accumulation in Scrophulariae Radix. The difference of constituents in Scrophulariae Radix harvested at different times was analyzed by liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry coupled with principal component analysis and partial least-square discriminant analysis. According to the accurate mass of molecular and product ions provided by triple quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, a total of 30 differential constituents were identified. Furthermore, the contents of ten index differential constituents in Scrophulariae Radix were simultaneously determined by liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. Gray relational analysis was performed to evaluate the samples harvested at different times according to the contents of ten constituents. All of the results demonstrated that the quality of Scrophulariae Radix collected at traditional harvest time was better. This study will provide the basic information for revealing the dynamic change law of metabolite accumulation of Scrophulariae Radix and exploring its quality forming mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudostellariae Radix is an important traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is consumed commonly for its positive health effects. However, a lack of transcriptomic and genomic information hinders research on Pseudostellariae Radix . Here, high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was employed for the de novo assembly to analyze the transcriptome in Pseudostellariae Radix , finding significantly differentially expressed genes in this TCM from different fields based on RNA-seq and bioinformatic analysis. A total of 146,408,539 paired-end reads were generated and assembled into 89,857 unigenes with an average length of 862 bp. All of the assembly unigenes were annotated by running BLASTx and BLASTn similarity searches on the Non-redundant nucleotide database (NT), the Non-redundant protein database (NR), Swiss-Prot, Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Interpro. On the basis of bioinformatic analysis and the expression profiles for Pseudostellariae Radix , 29 significantly differentially expressed genes were identified, which provides the basic information for exploring the molecular mechanisms that determine the quality of Pseudostellariae Radix from different fields. The expression levels of 29 genes were validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). This is the first study to sample Pseudostellariae Radix , which provides an invaluable resource for understanding the genome of this herb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart home system composed of numerous smart devices has benefited people's life due to the feature of convenience. With the development of smart home technology, huge amounts of data stored on external servers flow between different smart devices, and the integrity of these data is of great importance to the security of smart home systems. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based data integrity verification scheme that supports efficient dynamic operations for a smart home system. In the verification scheme, we utilize the home gateway (HG) to aggregate all the data information and design a data structure that can be efficiently and dynamically operated to store the tag information of the data, which can reduce the local storage pressure in smart home systems. Moreover, homomorphic verifiable tags are used to formulate verification strategies and record the interactions between HG, cloud service providers (CSP), and third-party auditor (TPA) on the blockchain to make the verification service traceable and useful. Then, the theoretical analysis and experiments prove that the scheme is effective and cost-acceptable in smart home systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudostellaria heterophylla is an important traditional Chinese herbal medicine with vast clinical consumption because of its positive effects. To date, changes in the metabolite composition of P. heterophylla have been well documented; however, the molecular differences between cultivated P. heterophylla and its wild-type are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in cultivated and wild P. heterophylla . Due to the lack of a genomic database, we used high-throughput transcriptomic and proteomic technologies to identify proteins in the herb. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) MS/MS were used to detect statistically significant changes between cultivated and wild P. heterophylla . We detected 3775 proteins; 332 showed differential accumulations across two different ecotypes of P. heterophylla . 71 significant differential expressions of proteins were selected based on GO annotations, KEGG, STRING analysis, and expression level. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed the authenticity and accuracy of the proteomic analysis. The results indicated that the carbohydrate and cellular amino acid metabolisms in cultivated P. heterophylla were weaker than those in its wild-type; seven important proteins were found to regulate sucrose and amino acids. This will provide the basic information for exploring the cause of differences in secondary metabolites in different ecotypes of P. heterophylla and the protein mechanism of its quality formation. Biological significance This study combined a transcriptome, proteome, and metabolism approach for analyzing differentially expressed proteins of cultivated and wild P. heterophylla and established the relationship between significantly differentially expressed proteins and differential chemical components in non-model plants. The results of proteomic analysis provide the basic information for exploring the quality forming process, which will demonstrate, and provide guidance for, the study of effective constituents of P. heterophylla and its quality formation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fritillariae Thunbergii Flos (FTF) included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1977 Edition) is a Chinese medicinal herb traditionally used to treat bronchitis. In recent years, it has been applied in the treatment of lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. The screening of bioactive compounds, acquisition of drug targets, network construction, and experimental validation in vivo were combined to explored the mechanism of FTF in the treatment of lung carcinoma with regards to systems pharmacology. The network Lung Cancer Pathway consisted of 114 nodes (44 compounds and 70 potential targets) and 361 edges, as well as modules that included inflammatory response, angiogenesis, negative regulation of the apoptotic process, and positive regulation of cell proliferation and migration. It was examined by conducting experiments that involved the administration of ethanol-based extracts of FTF in Lewis lung carcinoma mice. The extracts exerted excellent anti-lung cancer effects in vivo by significantly inhibiting tumor proliferation, thereby extending the survival period of tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, FTF induced the downregulation of PIK3CG, Bcl-2, eNOS, VEGF, p-STAT3, and STAT3 genes in tumor-bearing mice. The findings of the present study verify the therapeutic effects and mechanism of FTF on lung cancer and provide a theoretical basis to support the comprehensive utilization of FTF resources. Image 1 • Systems Pharmacology revealed 44 important compounds and 70 potential targets of Fritillariae Thunbergii Flos. • The possible mechanism of Fritillariae Thunbergii Flos in lung cancer treatment involved inflammatory response, angiogenesis, apoptotic process, and cell proliferation and migration. • PIK3CG, Bcl-2, eNOS, VEGF, p-STAT3, and STAT3 genes in tumor-bearing mice could be the key targets of Fritillariae Thunbergii Flos in lung cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]