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Wilms’ tumor is the most common malignant kidney tumor found in children. The Horseshoe kidney is the most common renal fusion malformation. However, Wilms’ tumor is rarely identified in horseshoe kidney patients. Multimodal treatments in Wilms’ tumor can play important roles in increasing the survival rate. In this study, we report the case of a 6-year-old boy in whom a Wilms’ tumor was identified in a horseshoe kidney. The tumor was successfully treated with preoperative chemotherapy, followed by surgical resection.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy that arises from the adrenal cortex and can be classified as either non-functioning or functioning. A patient with non-functioning ACC may present no specific symptoms. Imaging analysis can provide some information to a clinician who suspects ACC, such as tumor size, density, washout, necrosis, hemorrhage, and calcification. Histopathology is used to confirm and determine the origin of the malignancy and can provide relevant prognostic information. Microscopic findings can be used to obtain information such as the Weiss score, resection surface features, Ki-67 proliferative index, and the degree of capsular and vascular invasion. Surgery can be curative for localized tumors, and adjuvant therapy using mitotane and cytotoxic chemotherapy is often employed for advanced-stage tumors. We describe a case report of a 32-year-old man with a non-functioning ACC that highlights the importance of radiological and pathological features in the diagnosis of ACC and their use as prognostic factors.

Acute renal failure due to primary renal Burkitt lymphoma in children is extremely rare. We report a case with acute secondary renal failure in a 4-year-old boy who presented with abdominal pain, anorexia, and vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography scans showed bilateral nephromegaly with multiple hypoenhancing regions. Renal biopsy confirmed Burkitt lymphoma. There was no lymphadenopathy or evidence of other solid organ involvement. The patient was responsive to treatment using the EPOCH-R protocol (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin, and rituximab). Here, we describe the clinical and imaging features associated with this rare entity.

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is one possible treatment approach for bladder tumors. Bladder wall perforation is one potential complication of TURBT. Signs of perforation include abdominal distension, the inability to distend the bladder, and the low retrieval of irrigation fluids. Peritonitis may occur if a perforation diagnosis is delayed. Early detection and diagnosis are crucial for the prevention of severe complications, such as peritonitis and sepsis. Here, we describe a case of a 69-year-old male with a bladder rupture secondary to TURBT.

Lipomatous pseudohypertrophy of the pancreas is a rare disease with unknown etiology, and the pancreas parenchyma is replaced by pancreatic parenchyma by fat tissue. In this article, we aimed to report the case of a 26-year-old male patient admitted to hospital with loss of appetite for 6 months. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showed diffuse enlargement and fatty replacement over the whole pancreas, with scattered remnants of pancreatic parenchyma. Histologic results defined lipomatous pseudohypertrophy of the pancreas. To summarize, this case report is to put forward this extremely rare presentation and to sensitize clinicians that this entity can be a cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which requires patient follow-up for the appropriate treatment.

Gestational choriocarcinoma (GC) is an uncommon malignant tumor consisting of trophoblastic cells. The lungs, liver, and central nervous system are the most common metastatic sites for this disease. However, splenic metastasis is unusual and might result in spontaneous rupture. Symptoms associated with splenic rupture may be the first presentation of malignancy. A thorough medical history and examination are necessary to detect the primary lesion. Herein, we present a case of a 23-year-old female who had splenic rupture secondary to choriocarcinoma metastasis. Although the emergency condition had been solved, the patient died 1 month after due to brain metastasis. The goal of this article was to report a new case of spontaneous splenic rupture caused by choriocarcinoma metastasis and to review the existing literature on splenic metastases associated with GC, including the epidemiology and etiology.

Highlights • Enlarged accessory spleens are often misdiagnosed as neoplasms. • Imaging features and histopathology of accessory and normal spleens are similar. • Accessory spleen should be considered in differential diagnosis of abdominal tumors., Introduction An accessory spleen (AS), a common condition, is usually located in the hilar region of the spleen. ASs are not often large; however, after splenectomy, the initially inactive AS may become reactive and hypertrophic. Therefore, an AS can be misdiagnosed as a neoplastic tumor and removed unnecessarily. An undiagnosed abdominal mass located in the spleen site in a patient who has had a splenectomy must be managed carefully. Computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide useful information for the diagnosis, preventing unnecessary surgery. Case presentation Herein, we report the case of a 38-year-old female with an enlargement of AS after splenectomy that was misdiagnosed as a primary tumor of the pancreas and managed by a nonessential surgery. Conclusion An AS should be added to the differential diagnosis of a pancreatic tail tumor for patients with prior splenectomy in order to avoid nonessential surgery to ensure the patient’s safety.

Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma is an uncommon tumor composed of myxoid mesenchymal tissue with fluid accumulation. Here, we report a case of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma in a 3-year-old patient who was referred to the hospital with abdominal pain and a slight fever. An abdominal ultrasound suggested a liver abscess; however, computed tomography revealed a mass with both cystic and solid components. Liver biopsy confirmed hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma, and this patient underwent the complete removal of this tumor.

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is rare and may develop secondary to inner ear malformation. A possible diagnosis of CSF leak should be considered in any pediatric patient who presents with hearing impairment, rhinorrhea, or otorrhea. Temporal bone computed tomography should be performed in children with hearing impairments. We describe a case of congenital inner ear anomaly in a 12-month-old girl who presented with intermittent rhinorrhea after birth and detected hearing problems when she was 6 months. After diagnosis, the CSF leak was surgically repaired without complications.

This study aimed to correlate dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters with prognostic factors in breast cancer.A retrospective analysis was performed in 45 patients who had breast DCE-MRI and were diagnosed with invasive ductal breast cancer following surgery. The following DCE-MRI parameters were calculated: percentage of initial peak enhancement (Epeak), time to initial peak enhancement (TTP), initial slope increase (IS), early signal enhancement ratio (ESER), and time-signal intensity curve (TIC) types. Correlations between Epeak, TTP, IS, ESER, and prognostic factors were determined using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to investigate the relationship between kinetic curve types and prognostic factors.Epeak and IS were significantly higher in the Ki-67 high-expression group than in the Ki-67 low-expression group (p = 0.031 and p = 0.012, respectively). ESER was significantly correlated with the histological type and Ki-67 expression level (p = 0.014 and p = 0.047, respectively). The TIC types were significantly correlated with the Ki-67 expression level (p = 0.009). Tumors with plateaus and washout curves were more likely to be associated with the Ki-67 high-expression group than tumors with a persistent curve (P = 0.027 and P = 0.038, respectively). TTP had no correlation with any prognostic factors (P0.05).This study showed that the DCE-MRI parameters of breast cancer were correlated with the expression of histopathological prognostic factors and might be useful for predicting prognosis.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy dia-gnosed in women, and the incidence gradually increases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is become widely used to identify benign and malignant breast tumors. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and histopathologic prognostic factors in breast cancer.Forty-nine breast carcinoma patients were included evaluated for prognostic factors, including histological type, histo-logical grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and molecular subtype. Minimum (ADCmin) and mean (ADCmean) ADC values were compared among prognostic factor groups by Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test.Lower mean ADCmin and ADCmean values were observed for no special type (NST) than for invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) type (0.81 ± 0.03 × 10-3 and 0.96 ± 0.03 × 10-3 mm2/s, P= 0.002 and 0.03, respectively). The mean ADCmin and ADCmean values for the high-level Ki-67 group were significantly lower than those for the low-level Ki-67 group (P = 0.001 and 0.008, respectively). No correlations were observed between ADC values and histological grades, ER, PR, HER2, and molecular subtypes.ADCmin and ADCmean values correlated with the pro-liferation marker Ki-67 and histological grade. ADC values can serve as noninvasive indicators of cell proliferation in breast cancer.

A respiratory fungal infection is a severe clinical problem caused by endemic or opportunistic fungi. Although pulmonary fungal infections may be associated with no symptoms, the patient may also present with cough, fever, chest pain, and hemoptysis. Trichophyton spp., a dermatophyte fungus, is a dermatologic pathogen and can cause a deep, sometimes fatal infection. Here, we report the first case of a deep Trichophyton spp. infection in Vietnam and possibly the first case of Trichophyton spp. pneumonia in the literature, which responded completely to medical therapy. This article highlights the epidemiology of fungal lung infections and describes the clinical approach for when to suspect and how to diagnose this disease.

Urinoma is an uncommon and severe complication that commonly results from ureteral stone formation, causing urinary tract obstruction, urinary tract trauma, or a pelvis mass. Ureter perforation due to malignancy, leading to subcapsular urinoma, is rare. In this article, we aimed to describe a case of secondary subcapsular urinoma in an adult male. The patient was diagnosed with ureter perforation secondary to the invasion of embryonal carcinoma lymph node metastasis.

Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) is an extremely rare tumor of the respiratory system. The clinical presentation of PMEC is variable and nonspecific, including cough, hemoptysis, and wheezing, and may mimic other symptoms of pneumonia or asthma. Here, we present a case of PMEC in a 12-year-old male who was diagnosed with and treated for asthma for 2 years. The patient presented with symptoms of respiratory failure that did not respond to steroids or bronchodilator medications. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans revealed an endotracheal tumor. The patient underwent complete tumor resection, with no signs of recurrence 6 months after treatment.