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Objectives This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of targeted ultrasound examination in prenatal diagnosis of hypospadias and to evaluate the predictive values of defined ultrasonographic findings of hypospadias. Methods The cases diagnosed with hypospadias in our fetal medicine center were identified on an electronic database. The ultrasound reports, images and hospital records were reviewed retrospectively. The predictive value of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and the predictive values of each sonographic finding were assessed according to the postnatal clinical examinations. Results Thirty-nine cases were diagnosed with hypospadias on ultrasound during the 6 years. Nine fetuses with missing postnatal examination records were excluded. Twentytwo of the remaining fetuses had their prenatal diagnosis of hypospadias confirmed in postnatal examinations, indicating a 73.3 % positive predictive value. Normal external genitalia was detected in postnatal examinations of three fetuses. Five fetuses were diagnosed with other external genital abnormalities, including micropenis (n=2), clitoromegaly (n=2), and buried penis with bifid scrotum (n=1) in postnatal examinations. The positive predictive value of prenatal ultrasound for any external genital abnormality was 90 %. Conclusions Although the positive predictive value of ultrasound for genital anomalies is satisfying, it is slightly lower for the specific diagnosis of hypospadias. This reflects overlapping ultrasound findings of different external genitalia anomalies. Standardized, systematic evaluation of the internal and external genital organs, karyotyping and genetic sex determination are essential to achieve a precise prenatal diagnosis of hypospadias.

Purpose: To analyze postnatal abnormalities in idiopathic polyhydramnios and to estimate whether there was a significant association between the severity of polyhydramnios and postnatally diagnosed abnormalities. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of all idiopathic polyhydramnios cases that delivered at our center between 2017 and 2021. Cases were identified as idiopathic after excluding known fetal genetic and/or structural abnormalities (including soft markers for aneuploidies), Rh isoimmunization, fetal anemia, multifetal pregnancies, pregestational (preGDM) or gestational diabetes (GDM), and known infection with TORCH group agents. The primary outcome was the association between polyhydramnios degree and any abnormalities detected after birth. Additional outcomes were the odds of specific groups of abnormalities based on polyhydramnios degree. Results: Outcomes of 242 pregnancies with idiopathic polyhydramnios were analyzed. At least one neurodevelopmental, structural, or genetic abnormality was diagnosed in 16.1% of children born to women with idiopathic polyhydramnios. Moderate and severe polyhydramnios are significantly associated with at least one abnormality diagnosed after birth (45.9%, and 41.6%, respectively, pConclusion: Postnatally detected abnormalities are associated with moderate and severe idiopathic polyhydramnios. Particularly high risks include neurodevelopmental disorders, genetic abnormalities, gastrointestinal atresias and nocturnal enuresis.

Aim Fetal growth restriction (FGR) has significant consequences on cardiac functions. This study aims to evaluate cardiac functional parameters in late-onset (FGR) fetuses and compare those appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses. Material and methods Fifty-six singleton pregnancies were involved in this prospective case-control study. Delphi consensus was used to define late-onset FGR. We compared the E/A ratio, left myocardial performance index (MPI) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in late-onset FGR cases and gestational age-matched AGA fetuses. Results Twenty-eight late-onset FGR and 28 AGA fetuses were enrolled. The mean gestational age in the late-onset FGR group was 34.1 ± 2.3 weeks and 34.4 ± 2.1 in controls. The E/A ratio was 0.88 ± 0.09 in AGA fetuses, 0.79 ± 0.11 in the late-onset FGR group, and significantly lower in late-onset FGR fetuses (p: 0.012). Left MPI was 0.51 ± 0.09 in AGA and 0.62 ± 0.11 in the late-onset FGR group. Left MPI was markedly higher in late-onset FGR fetuses (p: 0.024). TAPSE was 7.4 ± 2.9 mm in controls and 5.2 ± 1.8 in the late-onset FGR group, and it was significantly shorter in the late-onset FGR fetuses (p: 0.016). Conclusion Late-onset FGR is associated with cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Fetal echocardiography may be beneficial to detect those subtle cardiac changes.

Objectives Possible primary sites of pelvic serous cancers are, fallopian tubes, ovaries or peritoneum. Recent studies have revealed that a portion of these tumors originates from serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) at the distal end of fallopian tubes. In this study, the association of STIC with pelvic serous carcinomas and the pathologic parameters that indicate the tubes as the primary site were assessed. Methods In total, 495 pairs of fallopian tubes obtained via total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy between 2011 and 2013 were examined according to SEE-FIM protocol. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were examined by pathologists. Suspicious areas were immunostained with p53 and Ki-67 to diagnose STIC precisely. Results Of the 495 cases, 110 cases were malignant. Among 34 cases of non-uterine serous carcinomas, 13 were diagnosed with STIC. STIC was located at the fimbrial end of the fallopian tubes in 12 cases. No STIC was identified in the gynecologic malignancies other than non-uterine serous pelvic carcinomas and benign gynecologic pathologies. Comparison of the ovarian and tubal cancer cases with and without STIC did not reveal a factor that helps to define the primary site. STIC was an important factor associated in a higher portion of the cases with bilateral ovarian cancer. Conclusion The role of STIC in carcinogenesis continues to be discussed as it is unknown whether STIC is the precursor lesion or just associates with the malignancies. Discovering the accurate precursor lesions and tumor carcinogenesis is essential to prevent these malignancies and to develop early diagnostic methods.

Aim: To evaluate final pathological results of hysterectomies which were done after the finding of positive cervical conization margin.Methods and Material: Thirty-five patients underwent hysterectomy after cervical conization revealing positive surgical margins among 252 patients who had undergone cervical conization between 2005 and 2013 were included in this study.Results: Mean age of the patients were 38,79 ± 8,82. Hysterectomies were performed in 1,57 ± 1,24 months following conization. Dysplasia was revealed in only 9 hysterectomy specimens (9/35), 6 High grade CIN, 3 Low grade CIN.Conclusion: A careful follow-up can be a good alternative to post-cone hysterectomy or reconization decision after the finding of positive cervical conization margin., Amaç: Konizasyon sonrası cerrahi sınır pozitif gelen ve histerektomi yapılan olguların patoloji sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: 2005-2013 yılları arasında hastanemizde servikal konizasyon yapılan (252) olgulardan cerrahi sınır pozitifliği olan ve histerektomi yapılan 35 olgunun patoloji sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama yaşı 38,79 ± 8,82 yıldır. Konizasyondan ortalama 1,57 ± 1,24 ay sonra histerektomi yapılmıştır. Histerektomi materyallerinin 9’unda displazi (9/35), 6’sında CIN2-3, 3’ünde ise CIN1 saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Konizasyon sonrası cerrahi sınır pozitifliği olan olgularda, yakın izlem reonizasyon veya histerektomiye alternative olarak uygulanabilir.

Background/aim Histopathological examination is crucial for the effective management of endometrial polyps. Immunohistochemical markers such as p16 and c-Kit may facilitate the differential diagnoses of benign and malignant polyps. The aim of the present study was to explore the expression levels of c-Kit (CD117) and p16 in endometrial polyps of postmenopausal women. Materials and methods Twenty-five hysterectomy specimens with malignant endometrial polyps and hysterectomy or polypectomy specimens featuring 55 benign polyps were studied. The polyps were immunohistochemically stained for p16 and c-Kit, and differences in the expression levels of these proteins in the glandular and stromal components of benign polyps and the benign regions of the malignant polyps were assessed by using Fisher's exact test. Results The glandular components of malignant polyps exhibited significantly more intense p16 immunostaining than did benign polyps. Most immunoreactive cells were glandular cells exhibiting tubal metaplasia. The stromal components of either type of polyp did not differ in terms of p16 immunostaining. The extent of c-Kit immunostaining in benign and malignant polyps was similar. Conclusion The extensive tubal metaplasia in and the p16 immunoreactivity of the glandular components of malignant polyps may be useful to distinguish such polyps from benign polyps.