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Aim The main purpose of this study was to study the preventive effect of Penicillium sp. CX-1 on Phytophthora cactorum causing Salvia miltiorrhiza blight and its positive effect on plant growth. Methods and Results The endophytic strain CX-1 was isolated from the medicinal plant Corydalis saxicola Bunting and identified as Penicillium oxalicum. The growth inhibitory capacity of CX-1 against Ph. cactorum was 74.4% in the strain co-culture test and 86.2% in filtrate-modified plates. In the pot experiment, the in vivo control of CX-1 against Ph. cactorum in S. miltiorrhiza was 36.0%, which was higher than that of an anti- Phytophthora fungicide (23.4%). In addition, CX-1 had a potent ability to solubilize phosphate and also showed the ability to produce the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophores, which increase the bioavailability of iron to plants. It was demonstrated through pot experiments that CX-1 could significantly promote plant growth. As determined by real-time quantitative PCR, the expression of some S. miltiorrhiza tanshinone-related biosynthesis genes was significantly upregulated following colonization by CX-1. Conclusion Strain CX-1 could effectively inhibit Ph. cactorum , the causative agent of S. miltiorrhiza blight, and significantly promoted the growth of plants through several different routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Climate change has drawn the attention of many researchers and practitioners to focus on the methods to address the challenges in achieving low-carbon buildings and cities and in future developments. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the application of orthogonal experimental design (OED) method to optimize building design for the lowest carbon emissions of building operational energy consumption. This paper aims at developing a new optimization method to building envelope design for the lowest carbon emissions of building operational energy consumption using OED. Firstly, according to the basic principles of the building heat transfer, the method of building’s energy consumption calculation is analyzed, which includes the simplified algorithm based on steady-state heat transfer theory and the dynamic simulation based on the unsteady heat transfer theory. The classification of the building energy consumption influencing factors are then investigated and discussed. Furthermore, based on the basic concept and principle of OED, a case study from the perspective of OED has been conducted, which involves a public building in Nantong, Jiangsu province. Six influence factors of building envelope to building operational energy consumption are selected as follows: exterior wall type, window frame type, glass type, roof type, floor type, and shading type. Selection of optimal case is then determined by the index that is based on the year-round accumulative total load. In the end, Tianzheng Building Energy Consumption Software is used to calculate the optimal case operational energy consumption. The research would provide a new optimization method for building envelope design to the lowest carbon emissions of building operational energy consumption. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In recent decades, illicit drug testing has become a high priority area in law enforcement and forensic analysis. Since patents are the largest source of technical information in the world, patent database analysis for illicit drug testing is extremely important to effectively promote the development and protection of the related intellectual property rights.In the present study, we first retrieve a database of 1732 drug detection patents using keywords and logical expressions related to the title, abstract, and claims, and subsequently discuss the current global patent statistics in detail.The relevant patent information is presented, including patent application quantity, filing country, ownership, and technical field. Finally, we summarize the current development trend in drug testing and propose several suggestions focused on the bottleneck of analytical techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]