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Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) accounts for 20% of liver malignancies with a 5-year survival rate of 35% at best with limited prognostic predictors. Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) is a novel prognostic factor in pulmonary cancers. In this study, we developed a modified prognostic model from LIPI called intrahepatic immune prognostic index (IIPI) for ICC. A retrospectively study was conducted at Liver Transplant Center of West China Hospital between January 2015 and January 2023. Hematological factors and clinical features of ICC patients were collected and analyzed. The area under curve (AUC) and optimal cuff-off of each single hematological factor was calculated. In this study, derived neurtrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), arbohydrate antigen199 (CA199) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have higher AUC values. LIPI was composed of dNLR and was further modified by combing CA199 and CEA, forming the IIPI. The IIPI consists of four grades which are None, Light, Moderate and Severe. Compared to other prognostic factors, IIPI exhibited better ability to predict overall survival. The multivariate analysis indicated that cirrhosis, differentiation, hilar invasion and IIPI were independent prognostic factors for ICC patients. An IIPI-based nomogram was also established and could predict the overall survival. In addition, the subgroup analyses based on clinical prognostic factors showed that the IIPI exhibited excellent prognostic influence. IIPI model is suitable for predicting the prognosis of postoperative ICC patients. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between postoperative recurrence and metastasis of ICC patients and IIPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NiCo 2 O 4 is widely used in traditional battery and supercapattery due to its extremely high capacitance value. Herein, the in-situ hydrothermal method has been optimized in order to utilize its own charge storage capacity. NiCo 2 O 4 nanosheet thin films with four different morphologies (wrap, neuron, daisy, and tablet shape) are synthesized on Ni foam surface without mechanical stress damage. In the absence of interference from conductive agents and binders, these NiCo 2 O 4 nanosheet thin films with different morphologies provide various conducive channels for charge transfer and more sites for redox reactions achieve better energy storage properties. Particularly, the daisy shape NiCo 2 O 4 nanosheets have the highest capacity (C g−1) of 972.5 (2 M KOH) at 1 A g−1 comparing to others. Furthermore, after subjecting it to 1800 cycles of cyclic stability testing at 40 A g−1, its capacity (C g−1) remarkably increased to 1433.5. In addition, using the daisy shape NiCo 2 O 4 nanosheets thin film and activated carbon, a supercapattery is assembled. The results exhibit that it has an impressive performance of 39.8 W h kg−1 at 750 W kg−1 comparing to other works, which demonstrates that our in-situ hydrothermal synthesized daisy shape NiCo 2 O 4 nanosheet has significant potential in the field of energy storage. • NiCo 2 O 4 nanosheet thin films with four different morphologies (wrap, neuron, daisy, and tablet shape) are synthesized on Ni foam. • The in-situ hydrothermal method has been optimized in order to utilize NiCo 2 O 4 's charge storage capacity. • The daisy shape NiCo 2 O 4 nanosheets exhibited capacity of 972.5 C g−1 at 1 A g−1. • The daisy shape NiCo 2 O 4 nanosheets//activated carbon exhibited energy density of 39.8 W h kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been demonstrated to modulate the biological behavior of tumors intensively. Multiple stress conditions are widely observed in the TME of many cancer types, such as hypoxia, inflammation, and nutrient deprivation. Recently, accumulating evidence demonstrates that the expression levels of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are dramatically altered by TME stress, and the dysregulated ncRNAs can in turn regulate tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we elaborate on the signal transduction pathways or epigenetic pathways by which hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), inflammatory factors, and nutrient deprivation in TME regulate ncRNAs, and highlight the pivotal roles of TME stress-related ncRNAs in tumors. This helps to clarify the molecular regulatory networks between TME and ncRNAs, which may provide potential targets for cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease that develops rapidly and carries a poor prognosis. Currently, surgery is the only radical treatment. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are protein-free RNAs produced by genome transcription; they play important roles in regulating gene expression, participating in epigenetic modification, cell proliferation, differentiation and reproduction. ncRNAs also play key roles in the development of cancer; microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) may lead the way to new treatments for pancreatic cancer. miRNAs are short-chain ncRNAs (19–24 nt) that inhibit the degradation of protein translation or their target gene mRNAs to regulate gene expression. lncRNAs contain >200 nt of ncRNA and play important regulatory roles in a number of malignant tumors, in terms of tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and distant metastasis. lncRNAs can be exploited for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer and have substantial prospects for clinical application. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of their regulation and function, as well as the significance of other ncRNAs, such as piwi-interacting RNA, in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, are largely unknown. In this review, the structures of ncRNAs with various classifications, as well as the functions and important roles of ncRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the treatments for malignant tumors, radiotherapy is of great significance both as a main treatment and as an adjuvant treatment. Radiation therapy damages cancer cells with ionizing radiation, leading to their death. However, radiation-induced toxicity limits the dose delivered to the tumor, thereby constraining the control effect of radiotherapy on tumor growth. In addition, the delayed toxicity caused by radiotherapy significantly harms the physical and mental health of patients. FLASH-RT, an emerging class of radiotherapy, causes a phenomenon known as the 'FLASH effect', which delivers radiotherapy at an ultra-high dose rate with lower toxicity to normal tissue than conventional radiotherapy to achieve local tumor control. Although its mechanism remains to be fully elucidated, this modality constitutes a potential new approach to treating malignant tumors. In the present review, the current research progress of FLASH-RT and its various particular effects are described, including the status of research on FLASH-RT and its influencing factors. The hypothetic mechanism of action of FLASH-RT is also summarized, providing insight into future tumor treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The practical photocatalytic application of cadmium sulfide (CdS) has been significantly constrained by fast carrier recombination and significant photocorrosion. Therefore, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) step-by-step (S-scheme) heterojunction using the coupling interface between purple tungsten oxide (W 18 O 49) nanowires and CdS nanospheres. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of optimized W 18 O 49 /CdS 3D S-scheme heterojunction can reach 9.7 mmol·h−1·g−1, 7.5 and 16.2 times greater than pure CdS (1.3 mmol·h−1·g−1) and 10 wt%-W 18 O 49 /CdS (mechanical mixing, 0.6 mmol·h−1·g−1), proving that the tight S-scheme heterojunction constructed by the hydrothermal method can efficiently enhance the carrier separation. Notably, the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of W 18 O 49 /CdS 3D S-scheme heterojunction approaches 7.5% and 3.5% at 370 nm and 456 nm, respectively, which is 7.5 and 8.8 times than pure CdS (1.0% and 0.4%). The produced W 18 O 49 /CdS catalyst also has relative stability of structure and hydrogen production. Additionally, the H 2 evolution rate of W 18 O 49 /CdS 3D S-scheme heterojunction is 1.2 times greater than 1 wt%-platinum (Pt)/CdS (8.2 mmol·h−1·g−1), which indicates that the W 18 O 49 can effectively replace the precious metal for boosting the hydrogen production rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel citrate anion-intercalated Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (CA-LDH) is synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal process. The synthesized CA-LDH is a hollow flower-like microsphere composed of thin nanoflakes (10 nm in thickness). After calcination, the formed Mg/Al layered double oxide (CA-LDO) hollow microspheres possess a high specific surface area of 247.8 m2 g−1 and a high pore volume of 0.97 cm3 g−1, which endow them with excellent adsorption ability towards Congo red (CR). The maximum adsorption capacity of CR onto CA-LDO can reach up to 1883 mg g−1. The significantly improved adsorption capacity of CA-LDO can be attributed to its unique structures of hierarchical hollow microspheres, in which the hierarchical porous shell layer provides enough adsorption sites to anchor the dye molecules, and the hollow core can preserve the absorbed dye. This study provides a promising novel adsorbent which can be used for efficient water remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Inspired by the biological structure and function of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), in this study, an ApopB-100 based targeted lipid nanoparticles was synthesized to improve the therapeutic efficacy in liver cancer treatment. The biological composition of ApopB is similar to LDL which can effectively increase the targeting efficiency of nanoparticles in LDL receptor (LDLR)-overexpressed liver tumors. We have demonstrated that the co-administration of sorafenib (SRF) and Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) could exhibit synergistic anticancer effect in HepG2 liver cancer cells. DHA produced excessive cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced greater apoptosis of cancer cells. LDL-based SRF/DHA-loaded lipid nanoparticles (LD-SDN) showed remarkable decrease in the cell viability compared to that of either of single drug treated cancer cells. Combination of SRF+DHA resulted in predominant SubG1 proportion of cells. LD-SDN exhibited the highest SubG1 (%) of cells compared to that of any of the individual drugs. Most importantly, robust antitumor response and delayed tumor growth was observed for LD-SDN treated xenograft tumor model. Ki67 proliferation index of LD-SDN (22.1 ± 5.6%) is significantly lesser compared to that of either control (86.2 ± 6.9%) or SRF (75.4 ± 4.89%) or DHA (69.4 ± 6.9%). These data provide strong evidence that LDL-mimetic lipid nanoformulations could be utilized as a biocompatible and tumor targeted platform for the delivery of multiple anticancer drugs in cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal oxide has been the focus of research for decades. In this work, besides the trigonal-structure Al 2 O 3 nanotubes and orthorhombic-structure Al 2 O 3 nanosheets, novel Mg-Al-O/Al 2 O 3 heterostructure nanowires were successfully synthesized at high temperature. The structural characteristics of these oxides were investigated based on electron microscopy and group theory analysis. More importantly, it was found that incorporating the orthorhombic-structure Al 2 O 3 could effectively modulate the occurrence of monoclinic domains and thus the related properties of Mg-Al-O/Al 2 O 3 heterostructures. This work provides a reference for understanding and modulating the complex structures with multiple domain variants in Mg-Al-O oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]