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1. Determination of the Equation of State from Nuclear Experiments and Neutron Star Observations

Author

Tsang, Chun Yuen, Tsang, ManYee Betty, Lynch, William G., Kumar, Rohit, and Horowitz, Charles J.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

With recent advances in neutron star observations, major progress has been made in determining the pressure of neutron star matter at high density. This pressure is constrained by the neutron star deformability, determined from gravitational waves emitted in a neutron-star merger, and measurements of radii of two neutron stars, using a new X-ray observatory on the International Space Station. Previous studies have relied on nuclear theory calculations to provide the equation of state at low density. Here we use a combination of 15 constraints composed of three astronomical observations and twelve nuclear experimental constraints that extend over a wide range of densities. Bayesian Inference is then used to obtain a comprehensive nuclear equation of state. This data-centric result provides benchmarks for theoretical calculations and modeling of nuclear matter and neutron stars. Furthermore, it provides insights on the composition of neutron stars and their cooling via neutrino radiation.

Published
2023
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4. Dense Nuclear Matter Equation of State from Heavy-Ion Collisions

Author

Sorensen, Agnieszka, Agarwal, Kshitij, Brown, Kyle W., Chajęcki, Zbigniew, Danielewicz, Paweł, Drischler, Christian, Gandolfi, Stefano, Holt, Jeremy W., Kaminski, Matthias, Ko, Che-Ming, Kumar, Rohit, Li, Bao-An, Lynch, William G., McIntosh, Alan B., Newton, William G., Pratt, Scott, Savchuk, Oleh, Stefaniak, Maria, Tews, Ingo, Tsang, ManYee Betty, Vogt, Ramona, Wolter, Hermann, Zbroszczyk, Hanna, Abbasi, Navid, Aichelin, Jörg, Andronic, Anton, Bass, Steffen A., Becattini, Francesco, Blaschke, David, Bleicher, Marcus, Blume, Christoph, Bratkovskaya, Elena, Brown, B. Alex, Brown, David A., Camaiani, Alberto, Casini, Giovanni, Chatziioannou, Katerina, Chbihi, Abdelouahad, Colonna, Maria, Cozma, Mircea Dan, Dexheimer, Veronica, Dong, Xin, Dore, Travis, Du, Lipei, Dueñas, José A., Elfner, Hannah, Florkowski, Wojciech, Fujimoto, Yuki, Furnstahl, Richard J., Gade, Alexandra, Galatyuk, Tetyana, Gale, Charles, Geurts, Frank, Gramegna, Fabiana, Grozdanov, Sašo, Hagel, Kris, Harris, Steven P., Haxton, Wick, Heinz, Ulrich, Heller, Michal P., Hen, Or, Hergert, Heiko, Herrmann, Norbert, Huang, Huan Zhong, Huang, Xu-Guang, Ikeno, Natsumi, Inghirami, Gabriele, Jankowski, Jakub, Jia, Jiangyong, Jiménez, José C., Kapusta, Joseph, Kardan, Behruz, Karpenko, Iurii, Keane, Declan, Kharzeev, Dmitri, Kugler, Andrej, Fèvre, Arnaud Le, Lee, Dean, Liu, Hong, Lisa, Michael A., Llope, William J., Lombardo, Ivano, Lorenz, Manuel, Marchi, Tommaso, McLerran, Larry, Mosel, Ulrich, Motornenko, Anton, Müller, Berndt, Napolitani, Paolo, Natowitz, Joseph B., Nazarewicz, Witold, Noronha, Jorge, Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn, Odyniec, Grażyna, Papakonstantinou, Panagiota, Paulínyová, Zuzana, Piekarewicz, Jorge, Pisarski, Robert D., Plumberg, Christopher, Prakash, Madappa, Randrup, Jørgen, Ratti, Claudia, Rau, Peter, Reddy, Sanjay, Schmidt, Hans-Rudolf, Russotto, Paolo, Ryblewski, Radoslaw, Schäfer, Andreas, Schenke, Björn, Sen, Srimoyee, Senger, Peter, Seto, Richard, Shen, Chun, Sherrill, Bradley, Singh, Mayank, Skokov, Vladimir, Spaliński, Michał, Steinheimer, Jan, Stephanov, Mikhail, Stroth, Joachim, Sturm, Christian, Sun, Kai-Jia, Tang, Aihong, Torrieri, Giorgio, Trautmann, Wolfgang, Verde, Giuseppe, Vovchenko, Volodymyr, Wada, Ryoichi, Wang, Fuqiang, Wang, Gang, Werner, Klaus, Xu, Nu, Xu, Zhangbu, Yee, Ho-Ung, Yennello, Sherry, and Yin, Yi

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The nuclear equation of state (EOS) is at the center of numerous theoretical and experimental efforts in nuclear physics. With advances in microscopic theories for nuclear interactions, the availability of experiments probing nuclear matter under conditions not reached before, endeavors to develop sophisticated and reliable transport simulations to interpret these experiments, and the advent of multi-messenger astronomy, the next decade will bring new opportunities for determining the nuclear matter EOS, elucidating its dependence on density, temperature, and isospin asymmetry. Among controlled terrestrial experiments, collisions of heavy nuclei at intermediate beam energies (from a few tens of MeV/nucleon to about 25 GeV/nucleon in the fixed-target frame) probe the widest ranges of baryon density and temperature, enabling studies of nuclear matter from a few tenths to about 5 times the nuclear saturation density and for temperatures from a few to well above a hundred MeV, respectively. Collisions of neutron-rich isotopes further bring the opportunity to probe effects due to the isospin asymmetry. However, capitalizing on the enormous scientific effort aimed at uncovering the dense nuclear matter EOS, both at RHIC and at FRIB as well as at other international facilities, depends on the continued development of state-of-the-art hadronic transport simulations. This white paper highlights the essential role that heavy-ion collision experiments and hadronic transport simulations play in understanding strong interactions in dense nuclear matter, with an emphasis on how these efforts can be used together with microscopic approaches and neutron star studies to uncover the nuclear EOS., Comment: White paper prepared for the 2023 Long Range Plan. v3: Updated version as published in Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. Note: the published version does not include the executive summary; in the updated arXiv version, the executive summary is included as an appendix. v4: Corrected list of authors

Published
2023
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7. α-Synuclein Oligomers Induce Glutamate Release from Astrocytes and Excessive Extrasynaptic NMDAR Activity in Neurons, Thus Contributing to Synapse Loss

Author

Trudler, Dorit, Sanz-Blasco, Sara, Eisele, Yvonne S, Ghatak, Swagata, Bodhinathan, Karthik, Akhtar, Mohd Waseem, Lynch, William P, Piña-Crespo, Juan C, Talantova, Maria, Kelly, Jeffery W, and Lipton, Stuart A

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease, Prevention, Brain Disorders, Neurodegenerative, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (ADRD), Aging, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Biotechnology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Neurological, Animals, Astrocytes, Cells, Cultured, Female, Glutamic Acid, Hippocampus, Humans, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neurons, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Synapses, alpha-Synuclein, alpha-synuclein oligomers, astrocytic glutamate, extrasynaptic NMDARs, synaptic damage, α-synuclein oligomers, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

Synaptic and neuronal loss are major neuropathological characteristics of Parkinson's disease. Misfolded protein aggregates in the form of Lewy bodies, comprised mainly of α-synuclein (αSyn), are associated with disease progression, and have also been linked to other neurodegenerative diseases, including Lewy body dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and frontotemporal dementia. However, the effects of αSyn and its mechanism of synaptic damage remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that αSyn oligomers induce Ca2+-dependent release of glutamate from astrocytes obtained from male and female mice, and that mice overexpressing αSyn manifest increased tonic release of glutamate in vivo In turn, this extracellular glutamate activates glutamate receptors, including extrasynaptic NMDARs (eNMDARs), on neurons both in culture and in hippocampal slices of αSyn-overexpressing mice. Additionally, in patch-clamp recording from outside-out patches, we found that oligomerized αSyn can directly activate eNMDARs. In organotypic slices, oligomeric αSyn induces eNMDAR-mediated synaptic loss, which can be reversed by the drug NitroSynapsin. When we expose human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebrocortical neurons to αSyn, we find similar effects. Importantly, the improved NMDAR antagonist NitroSynapsin, which selectively inhibits extrasynaptic over physiological synaptic NMDAR activity, protects synapses from oligomeric αSyn-induced damage in our model systems, thus meriting further study for its therapeutic potential.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Loss of synaptic function and ensuing neuronal loss are associated with disease progression in Parkinson's disease (PD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanism of synaptic damage remains incompletely understood. α-Synuclein (αSyn) misfolds in PD/LBD, forming Lewy bodies and contributing to disease pathogenesis. Here, we found that misfolded/oligomeric αSyn releases excessive astrocytic glutamate, in turn activating neuronal extrasynaptic NMDA receptors (eNMDARs), thereby contributing to synaptic damage. Additionally, αSyn oligomers directly activate eNMDARs, further contributing to damage. While the FDA-approved drug memantine has been reported to offer some benefit in PD/LBD (Hershey and Coleman-Jackson, 2019), we find that the improved eNMDAR antagonist NitroSynapsin ameliorates αSyn-induced synaptic spine loss, providing potential disease-modifying intervention in PD/LBD.

Published
2021

9. White Paper on Nuclear Astrophysics

Author

Arcones, Almudena, Bardayan, Dan W., Beers, Timothy C., Berstein, Lee A., Blackmon, Jeffrey C., Messer, Bronson, Brown, B. Alex, Brown, Edward F., Brune, Carl R., Champagne, Art E., Chieffi, Alessandro, Couture, Aaron J., Danielewicz, Pawel, Diehl, Roland, El-Eid, Mounib, Escher, Jutta, Fields, Brian D., Fröhlich, Carla, Herwig, Falk, Hix, William Raphael, Iliadis, Christian, Lynch, William G., McLaughlin, Gail C., Meyer, Bradley S., Mezzacappa, Anthony, Nunes, Filomena, O'Shea, Brian W., Prakash, Madappa, Pritychenko, Boris, Reddy, Sanjay, Rehm, Ernst, Rogachev, Grigory, Rutledge, Robert E., Schatz, Hendrik, Smith, Michael S., Stairs, Ingrid H., Steiner, Andrew W., Strohmayer, Tod E., Timmes, Frank X., Townsley, Dean M., Wiescher, Michael, Zegers, Remco G. T., and Zingale, Michael

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This white paper informs the nuclear astrophysics community and funding agencies about the scientific directions and priorities of the field and provides input from this community for the 2015 Nuclear Science Long Range Plan. It summarizes the outcome of the nuclear astrophysics town meeting that was held on August 21-23, 2014 in College Station at the campus of Texas A&M University in preparation of the NSAC Nuclear Science Long Range Plan. It also reflects the outcome of an earlier town meeting of the nuclear astrophysics community organized by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA) on October 9- 10, 2012 Detroit, Michigan, with the purpose of developing a vision for nuclear astrophysics in light of the recent NRC decadal surveys in nuclear physics (NP2010) and astronomy (ASTRO2010). The white paper is furthermore informed by the town meeting of the Association of Research at University Nuclear Accelerators (ARUNA) that took place at the University of Notre Dame on June 12-13, 2014. In summary we find that nuclear astrophysics is a modern and vibrant field addressing fundamental science questions at the intersection of nuclear physics and astrophysics. These questions relate to the origin of the elements, the nuclear engines that drive life and death of stars, and the properties of dense matter. A broad range of nuclear accelerator facilities, astronomical observatories, theory efforts, and computational capabilities are needed. With the developments outlined in this white paper, answers to long standing key questions are well within reach in the coming decade., Comment: 131 pages, community white paper based on 2012 JINA Town Meeting in Detroit, MI, and 2014 APS Town Meeting in College Station, TX, corrected author names

Published
2016

10. WHY SETTLE FOR LESS? IMPROVING SETTLEMENT CONFERENCES IN FEDERAL COURT

Author

Lynch, William P.

Subjects
Settlements (Law) -- Management -- Standards, Federal courts -- Management -- Standards, Company business management, Law
Abstract

Abstract: Most cases settle before trial. Recent studies show that approximately 1 % of cases filed in federal court go to trial. Alternative dispute resolution processes have been fully incorporated [...]

Published
2019

12. Nuclei in the Cosmos

Author

Brown, Edward F., Beers, Timothy C., Brown, B. Alex, Brune, Carl, Champagne, Arthur E., Illiadis, Christian, Lynch, William G., O'Shea, Brian W., Parker, Peter, Rutledge, Robert E., Smith, Michael S., Starrfield, Sumner, Steiner, Andrew W., Timmes, Francis X., Truran, James W., Wiescher, Michael, and Zegers, Remco G. T.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

This white paper, directed to the Stars and Stellar Evolution panel, has three objectives: 1) to provide the Astro2010 Decadal Survey with a vista into the goals of the nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics community; 2) to alert the astronomical community of joint opportunities for discoveries at the interface between nuclear physics and astronomy; and 3) to delineate efforts in nuclear physics and describe the observational and theoretical advances in astrophysics necessary to make progress towards answering the following questions in the Nuclear Science 2007 Long Range Plan: 1) What is the origin and distribution of the elements? 2) What are the nuclear reactions that power stars and stellar explosions? 3) What is the nature of dense matter? The scope of this white paper concerns the specific area of "low energy" nuclear astrophysics. We define this as the area of overlap between astrophysics and the study of nuclear structure and reactions. Of the questions listed above, two -- What is the origin of the elements? and What is the nature of dense matter? -- were specifically listed in the National Academies Study, "Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos"., Comment: Science white paper submitted to the Astro2010 Decadal Survey

Published
2009

13. Epidemiology of Postoperative Complications After Esophagectomy: Implications for Management.

Author

Kalata, Stanley, Singh, Bilawal, Graham, Nathan, Fan, Zhaohui, Chang, Andrew C., Lynch, William R., Lagisetty, Kiran H., Lin, Jules, Yeung, Jonathan, Reddy, Rishindra M., and Wakeam, Elliot

Abstract

Despite advances in operative techniques and postoperative care, esophagectomy remains a morbid operation. Leveraging complication epidemiology and the correlation of these complications may improve rescue and refine early recovery pathways. This study retrospectively reviewed all esophagectomies performed at a tertiary academic center from 2014 to 2021 and quantified the timing of the most common complications. Daily incidence values for index complications were calculated, and a covariance matrix was created to examine the correlation of the complications with each other. Study investigators performed a Cox proportional hazards analysis to clarify the association between early diagnosis of postoperative atrial fibrillation and pneumonia with subsequent anastomotic leak. The study analyzed 621 esophagectomies, with 580 (93.4%) cervical anastomoses and 474 (76%) patients experiencing complications. A total of 159 (25.6%) patients had postoperative atrial fibrillation, and 155 (25.0%) had an anastomotic leak. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) postoperative day of these complications was day 2 (IQR, days 2-3) and day 8 (IQR, days 7-11), respectively. Our covariance matrix found significant associations in the variance of the most common postoperative complications, including pneumonia, atrial fibrillation, anastomotic leak, and readmissions. Early postoperative atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio, 8.1; 95% CI, 5.65-11.65) and postoperative pneumonia (hazard ratio, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.98-7.38) were associated with anastomotic leak. Maintaining a high index of suspicion for early postoperative complications is crucial for rescuing patients after esophagectomy. Early postoperative pneumonia and atrial fibrillation may be sentinel complications for an anastomotic leak, and their occurrence may be used to prompt further clinical investigation. Early recovery protocols should consider the development of early complications into postoperative feeding and imaging algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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14. Web-Based Distance Education: Faculty Recruitment and Training.

Author

Lynch, William, Corry, Michael, and Koffenberger, William

Abstract

This paper examines the need for changes in higher education staffing for World Wide Web-based distance education, identifies obstacles to those changes, and proposes strategies for overcoming the obstacles. The first section discusses faculty recruitment, including new possibilities created by Web-based distance technologies and alternative paradigms of distance learning. The second section considers obstacles to recruitment success. The third section addresses faculty training for distance education, and the fourth section covers obstacles to training success. The fifth section presents a faculty development case study: the Instructional Technology Laboratory at George Washington University (District of Columbia). (Contains 16 references.) (MES)

Published
1999

15. Probing the isospin dependence of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections with radioactive beams

Author

Li, Bao-An, Danielewicz, Pawel, and Lynch, William G.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Within a transport model we search for potential probes of the isospin dependence of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon (NN) cross sections. Traditional measures of the nuclear stopping power are found sensitive to the magnitude but they are ambiguous for determining the isospin dependence of the in-medium NN cross sections. It is shown that isospin tracers, such as the neutron/proton ratio of free nucleons, at backward rapidities/angles in nuclear reactions induced by radioactive beams in inverse kinematics is a sensitive probe of the isospin dependence of the in-medium NN cross sections. At forward rapidities/angles, on the other hand, they are more sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy. Measurements of the rapidity/angular dependence of the isospin transport in nuclear reactions will enable a better understanding of the isospin dependence of in-medium nuclear effective interactions., Comment: 19 pages including 7 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C

Published
2005
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16. Communications Technology and Video Production: An Evolutionary Study of Their Effects on a Distance Learning Program.

Author

Lynch, William

Abstract

This paper examines how the use of video has inspired and altered the implementation of teaching and learning in the delivery of a master's program offered in a distance learning format. In the process of this examination, technical issues concerning video production techniques, distribution, and utilization are also analyzed. The paper focuses on the Educational Technology Leadership master's program at George Washington University (District of Columbia), which has been delivered entirely at a distance since 1989. Throughout the history of the program, the role of educational video has changed progressively; this analysis was performed to examine whether technology used to deliver distance education affects the conceptual development of instruction for academic programs. For comparison purposes, characteristics of each of the four historical phases are discussed in the following areas: (1) "Students, Organization and Technology" summarizes the general state of the program; (2) "Video Concept" describes the basic ideas guiding the use of video and its intended effects; (3) "Production Techniques" addresses the approaches taken to create video products consistent with the video concept and the general program parameters; and (4) "Outcomes" reports the effects that specific approaches to video use had on students. (Author/DLS)

Published
1998

17. An Investigation of Writing Strategies Used by High Ability Seventh Graders Responding to a State-Mandated Explanatory Writing Assessment Task. Draft.

Author

Lynch, William Mark

Abstract

A case study investigated the writing strategies use by high ability seventh graders (n=4) responding to explanatory tasks from the Maryland Writing Test (MWT), a state-mandated writing assessment. Central questions were: (1) what are the writing strategies elicited by the MWT?; (2) what evidence is revealed of participants' self-monitoring strategies?; and (3) what is revealed about the origins of participants' writing strategy knowledge? Another goal was to test the efficacy of utilizing the case study approach in a construct validity writing assessment study. Data included think-aloud protocols, observer notes, interviews with participants and their language arts teachers, and participants' written responses. Findings included: (1) participants spent more time in drafting and revising than on prewriting; (2) although participants clearly exhibited individual differences, the MWT elicited more translating and reviewing actions than planning actions from all participants; (3) most participants' planning actions were content related; (4) rereading of text and reviewing for word and sentence concerns made up the largest part of reviewing actions; (5) actions categorized as self-monitoring were low for all participants, but the highest and lowest scoring participants had the highest proportions; (6) data revealed instructional emphasis on a multi-stage writing process, content planning strategies, and other elements of current writing instruction and influences on motivation, content planning, and reviewing; and (7) participants identified teachers, parents, peers, books, and media as contributing to writing knowledge. Data support the MWT's validity in eliciting responses which represent a construct of writing representing the recursive, hierarchical, and complex nature of composing. (Contains 66 references, four data tables, and six appendixes containing prompts, writing actions codes, and additional data.) (Author/NKA)

Published
1998

18. Faculty Recruitment, Training, and Compensation for Distance Education.

Author

Lynch, William and Corry, Michael

Abstract

This paper recalibrates strategies for faculty recruitment, training, and compensation for distance education. The new options evolving from distance technologies create opportunities for innovative recruitment strategies. Whether the model is individually- or team-oriented, distance technologies mean that a more diverse, qualified, talented, and flexible pool of potential faculty become available to all institutions, resulting in more competition. A recruiting strategy which uncovers high quality faculty who are available, skilled, and willing to follow institutional policies is essential and must be carefully planned and executed. To achieve high performance solutions to faculty training, a systematic approach must be applied to the planning and development of distance learning materials, instructional methods, and communications infrastructure. Four possible categories of media include: videotape for asynchronous delivery, compressed video for synchronous delivery, World Wide Web-based text with graphics for asynchronous delivery, and computer-based conferencing for asynchronous delivery. In terms of faculty compensation, three basic institutional responses are to offer distance education through a division or school of continuing studies with a separate faculty or separate compensation structure, to pay faculty overload salaries, or to offer faculty a percentage of the revenue generated from the courses. The success of distance education requires a dynamic approach to problem solving and policy flexibility on the part of organizations. (AEF)

Published
1998

19. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry International Report 2022: 100,000 Survivors

Author

Tonna, Joseph E., Boonstra, Philip S., MacLaren, Graeme, Paden, Matthew, Brodie, Daniel, Anders, Marc, Hoskote, Aparna, Ramanathan, Kollengode, Hyslop, Rob, Fanning, Jeffrey J., Rycus, Peter, Stead, Christine, Barrett, Nicholas A., Mueller, Thomas, Gómez, Rene D., Malhotra Kapoor, Poonam, Fraser, John F., Bartlett, Robert H., Alexander, Peta M.A., Barbaro, Ryan P., Abbasi, Adeel, Said Abdalmohsen, Ahmad, Abdelbary, Akram M., Abecasis, Francisco, Abel, Peter, Abu-Omar, Yasir, Adams, Douglas R, Manuel Africano, Juan, Aganga, Devon, Agati, Salvatore, Agerstrand, Cara, Aguillon, Mario V., Akers, Crystal S., Akhtarekhavari, Julia, Alazzam, Mohammad Izzat Salah, Albert, Martin, Alberti, Angela, Al-Fares, Abdulrahman A., Alfoudri, Huda, Allaert, Silvie, Allbert, Keesha N., Allen, Christopher T., Lescano Alva, Miguel Ángel, Alwardt, Cory M., Amigoni, Angela, Anandamurthy, Balaram, Anastasiadis, Kyriakos, Anders, Nicholas R., Anderson, Scott A., Anderson, Patricia L., Andrijević, Ana, Annoni, Alice, Anselmi, Michael, Anstey, James R., Antonini, Marta V., Antonitsis, Polychronis, Stein Araujo, Tays, Arcalas, Rhodney, Areinamo, Igor, Martin Arias, Anibal, Armijo-Garcia, Veronica, Aronsky, Vladimir, Arora, Lovkesh, Arora, Madhur, Leigh Aspenleiter, Marit, Atik, Fernando A., AugustGeorg Auzinger, Erin Colleen, Azzam, Ismail, Bacchetta, Matthew, Bak, Erica I., Balcells, Joan, Sánchez Ballesteros, Jesús, Banjac, Igor S., Barbaria, Jacqueline M., Barrigoto, Cleide L., Bass, Stephanie D., Batranović, Uroš, Bauer, Matthew H., Fernando Bautista, Diego, Beck, Robert M., Giraldo Bejarano, Estefania, Belohlavek, Jan, Bembea, Melania M., Benes, Jan, Benharash, Peyman, Benish, Lynne A., Bennett, Suzanne, Bento, Luís F.N., Bermudez, Christian A., Bertini, Pietro, Best, Derek, Bharat, Ankit, Bhutta, Omar J., Bizzell, Samantha J., Blakeman, Stephanie A., Blanco-Schweizer, Pablo, Blanton, Jessica K., Blood, Peggy S., Bohlmann, Allison S., Kyle Bohman, John, Bombino, Michela, Kathleen Bonadonna, Desiree, Bond, Ashley, Borgmann, Kristina M., Bourgoin, Pierre, Boville, Brian M., Boza, Raquel, Brady, Heather L., Brady, Alison, Braunlich, Jessica M., Bridges, Brian C., Brinkley, Karen K., Brookshire, Robert S., Brozzi Nicole Brueggemann, Nicolas A., Buckley, Dwight P., Buckley, Klayton, Budhani, Irfan B., Bukamal, Nazar, Burgos, Lucrecia M, Burša, Filip, Busby, Landon K., Buscher, Hergen, Butler, Menoly, Butt, Warwick W., Byrnes, Jonathan W., Calaritis, Christos, Caldwell, Lisa R., Calligaro, Gregory L., Campbell, Patrick T., Camporota, Luigi, Fernando Caneo, Luiz, Jovo Carapic, Vladimir, Carrasco-Carrasco, Cristina, Ivan Carrizo, Nestor, Carrow, Heidi, Carton, Edmund G., Casabella, Christian, Gomez Casal, Vanesa, Casey, Francis L., Castillo, Andres, Castleberry, Anthony W., Alexandros Cavayas, Yiorgos, Cerqua, Karey, Ming Chan, Kai Man ChanWai, Brian Chapman, Jason, Brahma Chari, Hari, Cheifetz, Omair ChaudharyIra M., Chen, Robin H.S, Chen, Weiting, Cheung, Eva W., Cheung, Anson, Chico, Juan I., Chiletti, Roberto, Jin Cho, Hwa, Cholette, Jill M., Christensen, Steffen, Chui, Betty S., Circelli, Alessandro, Clement, Katherine C., Cleuziou, Julie, Clouse, Brian, Cole, Gwendolen, Coles, Garrett M., Collins, Monika F., Collins, Monika F., Connelly, James, Conrad, Steven A., Cook, Marlene, Copeland, Hannah, Copus, Scott C., Cox, Charles S., Craig, Lynne K., Crain, Natasha, Cremonese, Ricardo V., Criswell, Emily A., Cross, Lisa M., Crowley, Moira A., Crowley, Jerome C., Cruz, Leonora, Cypel, Marcelo, Czarnik, Tomasz, Czuczwa, Miroslaw E., Sica da Rocha, Taís, Daddow, Samuel, Dali, Dante C., Dalton, Heidi J., Daly, Kathleen J.R., Damuth, Emily, Daniel, Dennis A., Daniel IV, John M., Daniel, Josiane M., Danis, Max D., Danko, Melissa E., Rodrigues Dantas, Joao Alberto, Daoust, Isabelle, Dauwe, Dieter F., Davidson, Mark, Davis, Joel C., Davis, Mitchell, D’Cunha, Jonathan, de Arruda Bravim, Bruno, de BoodeKim T. De La Cruz, Willem P., Gray DeAngelis, Kathryn, Debeuckelaere, Gerdy, Deitemyer, Matthew A., DellaVolpe, Jeffrey, Deneau, Jamie L., DeNino, Walter F., Denmark, Christopher G., Denney, Derek, DeValeria, Patrick A., Dewulf, Petra, Di Nardo, Matteo, DiBardino, Daniel J., DiMartino, Joseph, Dimopoulos, Stavros, Domico, Michele B., Dominy, Meaghan E., Donker, Dirk W., Dresbach, Till, Droogh, Joep M., Dunlap, Tiffany W., Dupon, Allsion, Durham, Lucian A., Durward, Andrew, Dvorak, Anna, Dyett, John F., Dziedzina, Carol L., Eaken, Carmen L., Eaton, Jonathan S., Eberle, Christopher J., Edwards, Linda, Efseviou, Christakis, Eigner, Juliann M., Ahmed Elhamrawi, Hazem, Elhazmi, Alyaa M., Elizondo, Tammy, Ellersick, Beverly L., Emling, Jonathan A., Ernst, Andreas, Pablo Escalante, Juan, Espinoza, Otoniel, Evey, Lee W., Fan, Eddy, Fang, Gary, Faulkner, Gail M., Fauman, Karen R, Ferguson, Niall, Ferreira, Benigno, Fiane, Arnt E., Andrade Fierro, Dario, Martha Filippi, María, Findeisen, Michael C., Finlay, Katie, Finlayson, Gordon, Fischer, Gwenyth A., Fischer, Courtney D., Fischer, William J., Fisher, Caleb M., Fitriasari, Reni, Fitzgerald, Jillian, Fix, Melissa K., Fleming, Sarah B., Flynn, Brigid C., Forst, Beth A., Fortuna, Philip P., Foti, Giuseppe, Fox, Matthew P., Franco, Thais O., David Freeland, C., Fried, Justin A., Friedman, Matthew L., Furlanetto, Beatriz, Fux, Thomas, Gaião, Sérgio, Gale, Michael J., Garcia, Joann Kathleen G., Garcia-Montilla, Romel, Gardner, Eric R., Garg, Meena, Garrison, Lawrence L., Gavrilovic, Srdjan M., Gawda, Ryszard, Geer, Laura W., Gelandt, Elton A., Gelvin, Michael G., Genovese, Bradley M., George, Jeffrey A., George, Timothy J, George, Sangley, Ghimire, Anup, Giani, Marco, Gill, Baljit S., Glikes, Erin, Golecki, Michael, Gongora, Enrique, Govener, Sara, Graf, Amanda, Grasselli, Giacomo, Gray, Brian W., Greenlee, Joseph A., Gregoric, Igor D., Gregory, Melinda, Grins, Edgars, Volker Groesdonk, Heinrich, Group, Kimberly F., Guarracino, Fabio, Joy Guidi-Solloway, Alexandra, Gunn, Tyler M., Guru, Pramod K, Haddle, John C., Haft, Jonathan W., Haisz, Emma, Hall, Julie L., Hall, Cameron, Hamaguchi, Jun, Hammond, Terese C., Han, Peggy K., Hardison, Daphne C., Harischandra, Dickwelle T., Hart, Shaun M., Harting, Matthew T., Hartley, Louise, Harvey, Chris J., Hasan, Zubair, Fawzy Hassan, Ibrahim, Hastings, Jennifer R., Hatcher, Renee’, Hatton, Kevin W., Haught, Christopher K., Awori Hayanga, Jeremiah, Peter Haydon, Timothy, Healy, Aaron H., Heard, Micheal L., Heather, Beth M., Hendrix, Rik H.J., Hennig, Felix, Hermens, Greet HermansJeannine A.J., Hernandez, Deborah A., Hernandez-Montfort, Jaime, Herrera, Guillermo, Hickman, Keri, Hittel, Ashley, Hobbs, Crystal, Hoffman, Jordan R.H., Hollinger, Laura E., Homishak, Michael, Horigoshi, Nelson K., Hoshino, Kota, Huang, Shu-Chien, Huenges, Katharina, Hussey, Alexander D., Hyslop, Robert W., Ihle, Rayan E., Ingemansson, Ola, Ivulich, Daniel, Jackson, Amanda L., Garcia Jacques, Rogelio, Jain, Harsh, Jakobs, Sharon M., Jan, Robert, Janowiak, Lisa M., Jara, Claire B., Jarden, Angela M., Jarzembowski, Jamie L., Jaudon, Andrew, Kishore Jayanthi, Venkata Krishna, Jennings, Joseph A., Jeong, Inseok, Meza Jiménez, Rafael, Jimenez-Rodriguez, Gian M., Joachim, Sabrina, Joelsons, Daniel, Johnson, Caroline A., Johnson, Andrea L., Jones, Jeffry H., Joseph, Mark, Joseph, Sunimol, Joshi, Raja, Joyce, Christopher J., Seung Jung, Jae, Carone Junior, José, Kallas, Harry J., KamerkarPilje Kang, Asavari, Kar, Biswajit, Karapanagiotidis, Georgios T., Kattan, Javier, Kaufman, David A., Kawauchi, Akira, Keene, Sarah D., Keller, Norma M., Keller, Roberta, Kelley, Emily W., Kelley, Kellie, Kelly-Geyer, Janet F., Kenderessy, Peter, Kenny, Laura E., Keshavjee, Shaf, Kessel, D., Kessler, Heather, Keuler, Suzanne, Khicha, Sanjay, Wan Kim, Do, Kim, Richard Y., Maxwell Kime, Aaron, Kincade, Robert C., Kipfmueller, Florian, Kirk, Douglas A., Klein, Liviu, Knapp, Randall S., Knapp, Randall S., Kneyber, Martin C.J., Knowles, Andrea L., Koch, Jillian M., Koepke, Stephanie, Kogelmann, Klaus M., Elzo Kraemer, Carlos, Krauklis, Amanda, Krumroy, Samantha L., Kumar, Madhan, Kumar, Arun, Kumpf, Matthias E, Kyle, Kimberly, Laffin, Anna, Kees Lagrand, Wim, Lahiji, Parshawn A., Keung Lai, Peter Chi, Ka Lai, Cally Ho, Danielle Laird, Amanda, Landsberg, Michelle LaMarreDavid M., Lanmueller, Pia, Oude Lansink-Hartgring, Annemieke, Beth Larson, Sharon, Laufenberg, De’Ann M., Lavana, Jayshree, Layne, Tracie L., John Lazar, Michael, Ledoux, Matthew R., Lee, Raymond C., Leek, Thomas M., Lequier, Laurance, Lesbekov, Timur, Leslie, Robert, Anne Leung, Kit Hung, Lillie, Jon, Phang Lim, Yeong, Lim, Sang-Hyun, Lin, Ling, Lindsey, Thomas, Ho Ling, Steven Kin, Lingle, Kaitlyn J., Lipes, Jed, Liu, Songqiao, Llevadias, Judit, Lomas, Erin A., Longenecker, Robert D., Lorusso, Roberto, Ann Low, Tracy, Steven Lubinsky, Anthony, Lucas, Matthias LubnowMark T., Lucchini, Alberto, Luze, Lisa E., Lynch, William R., Manoj, M.C., Maas, Jacinta J., MacNamara, Vanessa, Madden, Jesse L., Maimone, Justin, Malhotra, Rajiv, Malone, Matthew P., Mangukia, Chirantan, Manzur-Sandoval, Daniel, Maráczi, Veronika, Marinaro, Jonathan L., Marinucci, Christina R., Marshall, Tammy, Martin, Mark, Marwali, Eva M., Maslach-Hubbard, Anna, Matijašević, Jovan, Mattke, Adrian, Mattucci, Joseph, Maul, Timothy M., Maybauer, Marc O., Mayette, Michael, Mayville, Joni R., McAllister, Catherine, McBride, Martha W., Scott McCaul, David, McClelland, Samantha L.S., Gregory McCloskey, Colin, McGregor, Randy, McKamie, Wesley A., McKee, Andrew D., McMahon, Chelsea M., McMullin, Kaye, McNicol, Jane, McNulty, John P., McRae, Thomas, Meade, Maureen E., Meersseman, Philippe, Mekeirele, Michael, Ito Mendes, Elisa, Menon, Anuradha P., Meyer, Jason P., Meyers, Jourdan E., Meyns, Bart, Mignone, John L., Miller, Brittany D., Miller, Malcolm G.A., Miller, Deborah, Mintak, Renee, Minter, Sarah M., Reis Miranda, Dinis, Mirza, Farrukh, Mishkin, Joseph D., Modelewski, Paul, Mohan, Rajeev C., Hui Mok, Yee, Money, Dustin, Monteagudo, Julie, Moores, Russell R., Moran, Patrick, Morelock, Shawn, Moreno, Marsha R., Blanco Morillo, Juan, Morrison, Tracy, Morton, John M., Morton, Brenda, Moscatelli, Andrea, Mosier, Jarrod M., Muellenbach, Ralf M., Mueller, Andreas, Mueller, Dale, Musca, Steven C., Nagpal, Dave, Najaf, Tasnim, Narasimhan, Mangala, Nater, Melissa, Natividad, Zynthia, Nedeljkov, Djordje, Nelson, Bryan D., Newman, Sally F., Newton, Debra E., Neyman, Jonathan L., George Ng, Wing Yiu, Nicholson, Meghan C., Nicolaas, Christine, Nix, Charlie, Nkwantabisa, Raymond, Nolan, Shirley, Norese, Mariano, Norton, Bridget M., Norton, Bridget M., O’Brien, Serena G., O’Callaghan, Maura, Oishi, Peter, O’Leary, Tony D., Olia, Salim E., O’Meara, Carlisle, Oppel, Emily E., Arias Ortiz, Julian, Oza, Pranay L., Ozment, Caroline P., Pacific, Marjorie, Pálizas, Fernando, Palmer, David, Paoletti, Luca, Pardo, Diego H., Paredes, Pablo, Patel, Thomas PasgaardMrunal G., Patel, Sandeep M., Patel, Vijay S., Patel, Brijesh V., PatelDrisya Paul, Sameer, Pawale, Amit A., Pearson, Nicole M., Renee Pearson, Crystal, Peek, Giles J., Pellecchia, Crescens M., Pellegrino, Vincent, Peperstraete, Harlinde, Perkins, Rebecca L., Perkins, Brandon, Peterec, Steven, Peterman, Claire, Phillips, Cooper W., Piekutowski, Richard R., Pilan, María L., Luisa Pilan, Maria, Mark Pincus, Jason, Pino, Melissa, Plambeck, Robert W., Plisco, Michael S., Plumley, Donald A., Plunkett, Mark D., Poffo, Robinson, Poh, Pei-Fen, Polito, Angelo, Pollema, Travis L, Pozzi, Matteo, Pozzi, Matteo, Pranikoff, Thomas, Prekker, Matthew E., Prossen, Erik F., Puligandla, Pramod S., Puslecki, Mateusz, Raheel Qureshi, Muhammad, Emilia Rabanal, Lily, Abdulhamid Rabie, Ahmed, Rackley, Craig R., Radovancevic, Rajko, Raes, Matthias, Allen Raff, Lauren Desiree, Rahban, Youssef, Raimer, Patricia L., Rajbanshi, Bijoy G., Ramanan, Raj, Rambaud, Jerome, Ramírez-Arce, Jorge A., Simões Ramos, Ana Carolina, Rao, Suresh G., Rector, Raymond, Redfors, Bengt, Regmi, Ashim, Alejandro Rey, Jose, Miguel Ribeiro, Joao, Richards, Chelsea E, Joan Richardson, C., Riddle, Christy C., Riera, Jordi, Ripardo, Marina, Rivas, Fernando M., Roan, Ronald M., Robertson, Elizabeth, Robinson, Megan, Röder, Daniel, Rodrigus, Inez E.R., Paul Roeleveld, Peter, Romano, Jennifer C., Rona, Roberto, Ann Rosenberg, Carol, Rosenow, Felix, Rowe, Robert J., Rower, Katy E., Rudolph, Kristina L., Fernando Rueda, Luis, Ruf, Bettina, Russell, Hyde M., Russell, Nichole, Ryan, Kathleen, Saberi, Asif A., Said, Ahmed S., Sailor, Caitlin, Sakal, Angela, Lujan Salas, Gisela, Salazar, Leonardo, Saleem, Kashif, Samoukovic, Gordan, Sanchez, Pablo G., Marie Santiago, Lian, Sargin, Murat, Miguel Sassine, Assad, Satou, Nancy L., Saunders, Paul C., Schachinger, Scott, Schaible, Thomas, Schellongowski, Peter, Schlager, Gerald W., Schmid, Christof, Schmitt, Joachim, Schnell, LeeAndra, Schnur, Janos, Schroeder, Lukas, Schubach, Scott, Schuetz, Michael T., Schwartz, Gary S., Schwarz, Patricia, Scriven, Nicole M., Seabrook, Ruth B., Seefeldt, Cassandra, Seelhammer, Troy G., Segura-Matute, Susana, Sen, Ayan, Adrian Seoane, Leonardo, Shaffer, Jamie, Shafi, Bilal M., Shambley, Shannon, Shankar, Shyam, Shapland, Amanda, Sharng, Yih, Shavelle, David, Sheldrake, Jayne, Mohan Shetty, Rajesh, Shiber, Joseph R., Shimzu, Naoki, Lou Short, Billie, Sichting, Kay A., Sidehamer, Keith E., Siebenaler, Teka, Silvestry, Scott C., Sinclair, Jennifer T, Sinclair, Andrew, Singh, Aalok R., Singh, Gurmeet, Skinner, Sean C., Smart, Alexandra, Smith, Reanna M., Smith, Adam, Smith, Karen, Sommer-Candelario, Sherri, Song, Seunghwan, Sorensen, Gro, Sousa, Eduardo, Sower, Christopher T., Spadea, Nicholas V, Spangle, April, Speicher, David G., Spieth, Peter M., Srivastava, Ankur, Srivastava, Neeraj, Stahl, Mark, Stallkamp, Eric D., Stanley, Vanessa J., Starr, Joanne P., Staudinger, Thomas, Stevens, Berkeley E., Stevens, Kimberly, Stocker, Christian, Strickland, Richard, Suarez, Erik E., Kumar Subramanian, Rakesh, Sudakevych, Serhii, Summerall, Charlene, Sundararajan, Santosh, Susupaus, Attapoom, Suzuki, Hiroyuki, Sweberg, Todd, Sydzyik, Troy, Anh Ta, Tuan, Tagliari, Luciana, Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Tanski, Christopher T., Tasset, Mark, Taylor, Donna M., Teman, Nicholas R., Ramesh Thangaraj, Paul, Thiagarajan, Ravi R., Thiruchelvam, Timothy, Thomas, James A., Thomas, Owain D., Thompson, Shaun L., Thomson, David A., Thukaram, Roopa, Todd, Mark L., Toeg, Hadi, Torres, Silvio F., Trautner, Simon, Trombino, Terry, Tuazon, Divina M., Tuel, Julie, Tukacs, Monika, Turner, April N., Tyree, Melissa M., Uchiyama, Makoto, Vaijyanath, Prashant, van den Brule, Judith M.D., van Dyck, Marlice A., van Gijlswijk, Mascha, Van Meurs, Krisa P., VanDyck, Tyler J., Vardi, Amir, Vega, Alejandra, Ventetuolo, Corey E., Vera, Magdalena, Vercaemst, Leen, Vets, Philippe, Viamonte, Heather, Vidlund, Mårten, Vitali, Sally H., Vlaa, Alexander P.J., Vuylsteke, Alain, Loon Wan, Kah, Watkins, Reuben, Watson, Pia, Weast, Travis A., Weaver, Karen E., Welkovics, Norbert, Wellner, Heidi L., Wells, Jason C., Welter, Karen, Westpheling, Amber G., Whalen, Lesta D.S., Whebell, Stephen, Wiersema, Ubbo, Wiisanen, Matthew E., Eugene Wilcox, Bradley, Wille, Keith, Jan Will, Ellyne, Wilson, Brock J., Win, April M., Winearls, James R., Wise, Linda J., Witter, Tobias, Ruby Wong, Hoi Mei, Worku, Berhane, Wright, Tina M, Wu, James K., Yalon, Larissa A., Yantosh, Garrett, Yaranov, Dmitry M., Yee, Pat, Yi, Cassia, Yost, Christian C., Young, John, Younger, Katrina, Zaborowski, Steven, Zachmann, Brenda, Zainab, Asma, Zanai, Rosanna, Zhao, Ju, Zhou, Chengbin, and Zinger, Marcia

Abstract

The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) maintains the world’s largest extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) registry by volume, center participation, and international scope. This 2022 ELSO Registry Report describes the program characteristics of ECMO centers, processes of ECMO care, and reported outcomes. Neonates (0–28 days), children (29 days–17 years), and adults (≥18 years) supported with ECMO from 2009 through 2022 and reported to the ELSO Registry were included. This report describes adjunctive therapies, support modes, treatments, complications, and survival outcomes. Data are presented descriptively as counts and percent or median and interquartile range (IQR) by year, group, or level. Missing values were excluded before calculating descriptive statistics. Complications are reported per 1,000 ECMO hours. From 2009 to 2022, 154,568 ECMO runs were entered into the ELSO Registry. Seven hundred and eighty centers submitted data during this time (557 in 2022). Since 2009, the median annual number of adult ECMO runs per center per year increased from 4 to 15, whereas for pediatric and neonatal runs, the rate decreased from 12 to 7. Over 50% of patients were transferred to the reporting ECMO center; 20% of these patients were transported with ECMO. The use of prone positioning before respiratory ECMO increased from 15% (2019) to 44% (2021) for adults during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Survival to hospital discharge was greatest at 68.5% for neonatal respiratory support and lowest at 29.5% for ECPR delivered to adults. By 2022, the Registry had enrolled its 200,000th ECMO patient and 100,000th patient discharged alive. Since its inception, the ELSO Registry has helped centers measure and compare outcomes across its member centers and strategies of care. Continued growth and development of the Registry will aim to bolster its utility to patients and centers.

Published
2024
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21. Beam commissioning of the SπRIT time projection chamber

Author

Jhang, Genie, Barney, Jon, Estee, Justin, Isobe, Tadaaki, Kaneko, Masanori, Kurata-Nishimura, Mizuki, Cerizza, Giordano, Santamaria, Clementine, Lee, Jung Woo, Lasko, Paweł, Łukasik, Jerzy, Lynch, William G., McIntosh, Alan B., Murakami, Tetsuya, Pawłowski, Piotr, Shane, Rebecca, Tangwancharoen, Suwat, Tsang, Manyee Betty, Baba, Hidetada, Hong, Byungsik, Kim, Young Jin, Lee, Hyo Sang, Otsu, Hideaki, Pelczar, Krzysztof, Sakurai, Hiroyoshi, Suzuki, Daisuke, Xiao, Zhigang, Yennello, Sherry J., Zhang, Yan, and SπRIT Collaboration

Published
2016
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24. Translation of Legislation: Effect Analysis of Michigan Opioid Law on Clinical Practice.

Author

McMichael, Brennan, Michaels, Ross, Lowy, Jacob, Reddy, Sonali, Keilin, Charles, Lin, Jules, Lynch, William, Wakeam, Elliot, Reddy, Rishindra, Chang, Andrew, and Lagisetty, Kiran

Abstract

To combat almost 450,000 Americans dying of opioid overdose between 1999 and 2018, the Michigan Opioid Laws were implemented on July 1, 2018, to reduce overprescription of opioids. This retrospective study evaluated the effect of this legislation on prescribing patterns after thoracic operations at an academic, tertiary care center. Charts of 776 patients undergoing lobectomy, paraesophageal hiatal hernia repair, Nissen fundoplication, or esophagectomy between July 1, 2017, and July 1, 2019, were reviewed. Populations were identified before and after the July 1, 2018 implementation of the Michigan Opioid Laws. Procedure type, analgesic type, total pills, morphine equivalents, and refills and their pill number were independent variables. Patients using opioids for >30 days before operations were excluded. Overall, 629 patients were included in the analysis (324 pre-legislation patients, 305 post-legislation patients). The average number of opioids prescribed to patients at discharge before the legislation was 28.0 pills vs 21.4 pills after (P <.01). Before implementation of the Michigan Opioid Laws, 14.5% of patients received refills, whereas only 5.9% received refills after implementation, reducing the average number of refills per patient from 0.19 to 0.07 (P <.001). Average morphine equivalents and percentage of patients receiving opioids showed no statistical difference. The implementation of the Michigan Opioid Laws correlated with a change in clinical practice, potentially by reducing the number of pills and refills prescribed per patient, and did not deter providers from prescribing opioids acutely. This suggests that the Michigan Opioid Laws allow prescribing freedom while giving legislative structure encouraging time-conscious tapering. The Michigan Opioid Laws may serve as a model for other states to emulate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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26. Engineering Practice and Engineering Ethics.

Author

Lynch, William T. and Kline, Ronald

Abstract

Offers ways of applying science and technology studies to the teaching of engineering ethics. Suggests modifications of both detailed case studies on engineering disasters and hypothetical, ethical dilemmas employed in engineering ethics classes. (Author/CCM)

Published
2000

27. The Effects of an 'Episodic' Style of Teacher Questioning on EMR Pupils' Lesson Performance and Learning of Orally Presented Material. Final Report 29.31.

Author

Indiana Univ., Bloomington. Center for Innovation in Teaching the Handicapped., Dalton, Robin, and Lynch, William W.

Abstract

Compared was the relative effectiveness of two teacher questioning styles on the motivation and learning of eight intermediate educable mentally retarded pupils. Interactive process data and pupil achievement on a recall posttest were examined for two different types of lessons: one utilizing "episodic" questions (that encouraged the child to relate his personal experiences to lesson content) and the other utilizing "semantic" questions (which emphasized only the recall and processing of factual material). Results revealed differences in teacher behavior, pupil responses, pupil language production, teacher-pupil interaction, and pupil recall. For example, greater self-initiated pupil response, individual pupil verbal output, and teacher probing of pupil responses occurred during episodic teaching; but teachers provided more positive feedback and students were more able to recall new information during semantic teaching. (LH)

Published
1974

28. An Experimental Test of an Attentional Cueing Technique in Aiding Mildly Retarded Children's Recall of Reading Vocabulary. Final Report 29.32.

Author

Indiana Univ., Bloomington. Center for Innovation in Teaching the Handicapped., Epstein, Louis E., and Lynch, William W.

Abstract

A study of 70 educable mentally retarded children (9- to 13-years-old) was conducted to examine the effects of special class teachers' use of an attentional cueing technique in response to oral reading errors. During oral reading lessons, errors were recorded under conditions in which the teacher was either instructed to make her normal responses to oral reading errors (control group) or use the five-step attentional cueing technique (experimental group). In comparison to controls using single- or multiple-cue responses to pupil errors, findings showed a significant error difference in favor of the experimental condition. Evidence suggested that mildly retarded children learn more new words from teacher responses to oral reading errors which provide a highly consistent, structured, attentional form of feedback than from teacher responses incorporating the normal variety of cueing behaviors. Study limitations included deviations from normal teaching patterns and the relatively small sample. (Provided are tables illustrating statistical data and appendixes containing information on lesson materials and the five-step cueing technique.) (SB)

Published
1974

29. CATTS (Computer Assisted Teacher Training System) Technology in Analyzing Observational Data from Public School Classrooms: A Study of Interactive Tactics and Decisions of Teachers.

Author

Lynch, William W.

Abstract

Prompting of reading errors is a common pattern of teaching behavior occurring in reading groups. Teachers' tactics in responding to pupil errors during oral reading in public school classrooms were analyzed with the assistance of the technology of the Computer Assisted Teacher Training System (CATTS) to formulate hypotheses about teacher decision making in interactive teaching. An observation schedule constructed to code teacher and pupil moves in oral reading was used to gather data from 34 teachers as they taught oral reading lessons. The observed prompting tactics, variations in success rate in prompting, and data from a stimulated recall interview of teachers suggested models of teacher information processing and decision making. (Author)

Published
1977

30. A Comparison of Teachers' Cognitive Demands in Special EMR and Regular Elementary Classes. Final Report.

Author

Indiana Univ., Bloomington. Center for Innovation in Teaching the Handicapped., Lynch, William W., and Ames, Carole

Abstract

The study compared the cognitively oriented teacher pupil interactions observed in a sample of 10 intermediate special classes for educable mentally retarded children with those observed in 10 regular third grade classes in the same schools. Examined were differences between samples in the rate of interaction, cognitive level, and distribution of opportunities among individual pupils, as well as the relationship of the teacher's cognitive demands on individuals to the teacher's evaluative judgment of those pupils. The observation instrument was the Individual Cognitive Demand Schedule by which observers code each instructional interchange between the teacher and an individual pupil. Data showed no significant differences between the special classes and the third grade classes on any cognitive demand indexes. Differences were found in the tendency to differentiate between pupils by level of achievement with the third grade teachers showing a marked tendency to favor those pupils whom they judged to be their better pupils. (GW)

Published
1972

31. Effects of Teachers' Cognitive Demand Styles on Pupil Learning.

Author

Indiana Univ., Bloomington. Center for Innovation in Teaching the Handicapped. and Lynch, William W.

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of two different experimentally induced orientations toward lesson objectives on teachers' instructional behaviors and the consequent achievement of their pupils. In each experiment, 36 student teachers were randomly assigned to one of two treatments. Each treatment required the teachers to instruct the same course content to a randomly selected group of eight elementary pupils. One group was oriented to teach for a recall objective; the other was oriented toward a concept mastery objective. Both experiments yielded significant differences in patterns of teaching behaviors which were congruent with the specified objectives. The experiments also yielded significant differences between treatment groups in resultant pupil learning. Students in the recall treatment performed significantly better on the recall test. No differences were found on the concept mastery test. (Thirteen tables of statistical data are presented.) (Author/BRB)

Published
1973

32. Teaching Styles in Schools for Educable Mentally Retarded Children in the Netherlands: A Report to the Spencer Foundation.

Author

Lynch, William W.

Abstract

Investigated for purposes of comparison with American counterparts were teaching styles used in eight classes in special schools for the educable mentally handicapped (EMH) in the Netherlands. Ss tended to be placed in the special schools earlier than EMH students in the U.S. are placed in special classes. Classes were observed to determine teaching style, and children were administered a version of the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaire, a measure of locus of control. The level of intellectual stimulation and types of learning opportunities offered were evaluated along the following parameters: level of cognitive demands, variability of cognitive demands, sources of cognitive demands, richness of activities, pupil task involvement, degree of individualization, sources of individualization, and modes of teacher influence. Comparison with American classes revealed that Dutch teachers depend much less on recitation, discussion, and individual interactive tutoring than American teachers, that Dutch children displayed a much higher degree of self-direction and persistence than American children, and that Dutch children showed a slightly lower level of internal locus of control than American children. Noted is the lack in the Netherlands of consistency in pedagogical theory, curriculum, or teaching style and the high degree of reliance on the individual teacher in supervising instruction. (DB)

33. Educational Technology: Leadership Perspectives.

Author

Kearsley, Greg, Lynch, William, Kearsley, Greg, and Lynch, William

Abstract

This book addresses the topic of leadership in the use of educational technology. The four chapters of the first part discuss some of the issues associated with leadership in the use of educational technology. They include: (1) "Educational Technology Leadership in the Age of Technology: The New Skills" (Greg Kearsley and William Lynch); (2) "Leadership Without Followers" (Christopher J. Dede); (3) "Sharing the Vision: Creating and Communicating Common Goals, and Understanding the Nature of Change in Education" (Donna C. Rhodes); and (4) "Computer Support for Administrative Leadership of Schools" (William C. Bozeman and Dennis W. Spuck). Part II: "Examples" contains five chapters that present case studies of educational-technology leadership ranging from individual schools to national efforts: (5) "Teachers as Technology Leaders: Five Case Studies" (Angeline Ferris and Nancy Roberts); (6) "Turning Your Vision into Reality: SeniorNet and Apple Core" (Mary Furlong and Martha Rolley); (7) "Designing the Future: The Florida Schoolyear 2000 Initiative" (Robert K. Branson and Atsusi Hirumi); (8) "Leadership for Transition: Moving from the Special Project to Systemwide Integration" (Betty Collis and Jef Moonen); and (9) "Technology Leadership in the English Educational System: From Computer Systems to Systematic Management of Computers" (Brent Robinson). The third part includes chapters that outline various strategies for leadership in educational technology,including: (10) "Educational Leadership in an Information-Rich Society" (Frank B. Withrow); (11) "The Training and Development of Educational Technologists for the 21st Century" (Alexander J. Romiszowski and Costas Criticos); and (12) "Closing Education's Technology Gap" (Lewis J. Perelman). An index and references are included. (LMI)

Published
1994

34. Educational Leadership in the Age of Technology: The New Skills.

Author

Kearsley, Greg and Lynch, William

Abstract

Analyzes the concept of educational technology leadership and how it differs from leadership in general. Leadership research is reviewed, levels of skills are examined, consequences of leadership are discussed, leadership training is considered, and a technology leadership training program is outlined. (27 references) (LRW)

Published
1992

35. Social Aspects of Human-Computer Interaction.

Author

Lynch, William

Abstract

Discussion of the social role that computers play in the classroom focuses on an empirical study of human-computer interaction. Classes of high school and undergraduate students are described that were chosen to examine interactivity patterns among students with significantly different social characteristics. (11 references) (LRW)

Published
1990

36. One-Year Mortality Is Not a Reliable Indicator of Lung Transplant Center Performance.

Author

Wakeam, Elliot, Thumma, Jyothi R., Bonner, Sidra N., Chang, Andrew C., Reddy, Rishindra M., Lagisetty, Kiran, Lynch, William, Grenda, Tyler, Chan, Kevin, Lyu, Dennis, and Lin, Jules

Abstract

In the United States, the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN) uses 1-year mortality as the primary measure of transplant center quality. We sought to evaluate the reliability of mortality outcomes in lung transplantation and to compare statistical methods of program performance evaluation. We used the Standard Transplant Analysis and Research files from the United Network for Organ Sharing to identify lung transplant recipients from 2013 to 2018 in the United States. We stratified hospitals on the basis of 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year survival by risk adjustment, reliability adjustment with empirical Bayes technique, and hierarchical bayesian mixed effects models currently used by the OPTN. We measured variation in mortality rates and identification of performance outliers between techniques. We identified 12,769 recipients in 69 centers. Reliability adjustment reduced variation in hospital outcomes and had a large impact on hospital mortality rankings. For example, with 1-year mortality, 28% (5 hospitals) of the "best" hospitals (top 25%) and 18% (3 hospitals) of the "worst" hospitals (bottom 25%) were reclassified after reliability adjustment. The overall reliability of 1-year mortality was low at 0.42. Compared with the bayesian method used by the OPTN, reliability adjustment identified fewer outliers. The 5-year survival reached a higher reliability plateau with a lower volume of cases required. The reliability of 1-year mortality in lung transplantation is low, whereas 5-year survival estimates may be more reliable at lower case volumes. Reliability adjustment yielded more conservative measures of center performance and fewer outliers compared with current bayesian methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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39. Higher Long-term Quality of Life Metrics After Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Lobectomy Compared With Robotic-Assisted Lobectomy.

Author

Williams, Aaron M., Zhao, Lili, Grenda, Tyler R., Kathawate, Ranganath G., Biesterveld, Ben E., Bhatti, Umar F., Carrott, Philip W., Lagisetty, Kiran H., Chang, Andrew C., Lynch, William, Lin, Jules, and Reddy, Rishindra M.

Abstract

Robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) lung lobectomy has emerged as an alternative approach to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Patient-reported outcomes comparing these approaches have been limited. At a single, high-volume academic center, patients undergoing VATS and RATS lobectomies for stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer from 2014 to 2018 were evaluated. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and Quality of Life Questionnaire in Lung Cancer (QLQ-LC13), along with the Fear of Recurrence (FoR) survey, were administered preoperatively and at 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Raw scores underwent linear transformation (0-100 scale). Linear mixed-effects models were used for quality of life and FoR score comparisons. The study included 219 patients (139 VATS and 80 RATS). RATS patients had longer (P <.05) operative times and a higher incidence (P <.05) of postoperative myocardial infarction compared to VATS patients. VATS patients reported higher (P <.05) QLQ-C30 summary scores postoperatively and at 12 months, including higher (P <.05) Social Functioning and Cognitive scores, and less (P <.05) appetite loss. VATS patients reported decreased (P <.05) QLQ-LC13 symptom summary scores at 6 months postoperatively, including decreased (P <.05) dyspnea, neuropathy, and pain compared with RATS patients. VATS patients also reported lower (P <.05) FoR summary scores at 6 months postoperatively. VATS patients report improvement in select quality of life and FoR measures after lobectomy. Further study comparing these 2 approaches is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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42. MP27-02 24-MONTH SEXUAL HEALTH OUTCOMES FROM THE ZEST PILOT STUDIES OF THE ZENFLOW SPRING SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (BPH).

Author

Gilling, Peter, Chin, Peter, Anderson, Paul, Zorn, Kevin C., Matsumoto, Edward, Lynch, William, Chan, Lewis, Woo, Henry, Galán Maraboto, Juan José, Gómez Guerra, Lauro Salvador, Becerra, Rodrigo Pérez, Brennan, Janelle, and Elterman, Dean

Subjects
BENIGN prostatic hyperplasia, SEXUAL health, PILOT projects, MEN'S health
Published
2024
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44. Similar Quality of Life After Conventional and Robotic Transhiatal Esophagectomy.

Author

Williams, Aaron M., Kathawate, Ranganath G., Zhao, Lili, Grenda, Tyler R., Bergquist, Curtis S., Brescia, Alexander A., Kilbane, Keara, Barrett, Emily, Chang, Andrew C., Lynch, William, Lin, Jules, Wakeam, Elliot, Lagisetty, Kiran H., Orringer, Mark B., and Reddy, Rishindra M.

Abstract

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) have demonstrated benefits compared with open transthoracic or 3-hole esophagectomy. PROs, including quality of life (QoL) and fear of recurrence (FoR), comparing open transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) and transhiatal robotic-assisted MIE (Th-RAMIE) have been limited. At a single, high-volume academic center, patients undergoing THE and Th-RAMIE with gastric conduit for clinical stage I to III esophageal cancer from 2013 to 2018 were evaluated. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30), the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire in Esophageal Cancer (QLQ-OES18), and the FoR survey were administered preoperatively and at 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Linear mixed-effects models were used for QoL and FoR score comparisons. Perioperative outcomes were also compared. A total of 309 patients (212 in the group and 97 in the Th-RAMIE group) were included. The Th-RAMIE cohort had a significantly higher number of lymph nodes harvested (14 ± 0.8 vs 11.2 ± 0.4; P =.01), a shorter length of stay (days, 10.0 ± 6.7 vs 12.1 ± 7.0; P =.03), lower rates of postoperative ileus (5% vs 15%; P =.02), and fewer opioids prescribed at discharge (71% vs 85%; P =.03). After adjustment, there were no significant differences in QLQ-C30, QLQ-OES18, and FoR scores between the groups out to 1 year postoperatively. There were no clear patient-reported benefits of Th-RAMIE over THE for esophageal cancer. However, Th-RAMIE conferred several perioperative benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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49. Does Post-truth Expand or Restrict Political Choice? Politics, Planning, and Expertise in a Post-truth Environment

Author

Lynch, William T.

Abstract

Steve Fuller has replied to my critique of his endorsement of a post-truth epistemology. I trace the divergence in our approach to social epistemology by examining our distinct responses to the principle of symmetry in the sociology of scientific knowledge. Fuller has extended the concept of symmetry and challenged the field to embrace a post-truth condition that flattens the difference between experts and the public. By contrast, I have criticized the concept of symmetry for policing the field to rule ideology critique out of court. I argue that a focus on post-truth populism obscures the role of counter-elites and ideologies that restrict political choice. A better way to promote democracy would be to support minority positions within science that promise to open up suppressed political possibilities and to seek the coordinated use of different disciplines to address significant public problems.

Published
2022
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50. Toward a Servoregulation Controller to Automate CO2Removal in Wearable Artificial Lungs

Author

Potkay, Joseph A., Thompson, Alex J., Toomasian, John, Lynch, William, Bartlett, Robert H., and Rojas-Peña, Alvaro

Abstract

A laptop-driven, benchtop control system that automatically adjusts carbon dioxide (CO2) removal in artificial lungs (ALs) is described. The proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback controller modulates pump-driven air sweep gas flow through an AL to achieve a desired exhaust gas CO2partial pressure (EGCO2). When EGCO2increases, the servoregulator automatically and rapidly increases sweep flow to remove more CO2. If EGCO2decreases, the sweep flow decreases to reduce CO2removal. System operation was tested for 6 hours in vitrousing bovine blood and in vivoin three proof-of-concept sheep experiments. In all studies, the controller automatically adjusted the sweep gas flow to rapidly (<1 minute) meet the specified EGCO2level when challenged with changes in inlet blood or target EGCO2levels. CO2removal increased or decreased as a function of arterial pCO2(PaCO2). Such a system may serve as a controller in wearable AL systems that allow for large changes in patient activity or disease status.

Published
2022
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