18 results on '"Lyng E"'
Search Results
2. An ecotoxicoproteomic approach (SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry) to biomarker discovery in crab exposed to pollutants under laboratory conditions
- Author
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Gomiero, A., primary, Pampanin, D.M., additional, Bjørnstad, A., additional, Larsen, B.K., additional, Provan, F., additional, Lyng, E., additional, and Andersen, O.K., additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Identification of tolerance levels on the cold-water coral Desmophyllum pertusum (Lophelia pertusa) from realistic exposure conditions to suspended bentonite, barite and drill cutting particles.
- Author
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Baussant T, Arnberg M, Lyng E, Ramanand S, Bamber S, Berry M, Myrnes Hansen I, Van Oevelen D, and Van Breugel P
- Subjects
- Animals, Anthozoa growth & development, Carbon chemistry, Carbon metabolism, Coral Reefs, Extraction and Processing Industry methods, Humans, Longevity drug effects, Nitrogen chemistry, Nitrogen metabolism, Norway, Respiratory Rate physiology, Water chemistry, Adaptation, Physiological, Anthozoa drug effects, Barium Sulfate pharmacology, Bentonite pharmacology, Particulate Matter pharmacology, Respiratory Rate drug effects
- Abstract
Cold-water coral (CWC) reefs are numerous and widespread along the Norwegian continental shelf where oil and gas industry operate. Uncertainties exist regarding their impacts from operational discharges to drilling. Effect thresholds obtained from near-realistic exposure of suspended particle concentrations for use in coral risk modeling are particularly needed. Here, nubbins of Desmophyllum pertusum (Lophelia pertusa) were exposed shortly (5 days, 4h repeated pulses) to suspended particles (bentonite BE; barite BA, and drill cuttings DC) in the range of ~ 4 to ~ 60 mg.l-1 (actual concentration). Physiological responses (respiration rate, growth rate, mucus-related particulate organic carbon OC and particulate organic nitrogen ON) and polyp mortality were then measured 2 and 6 weeks post-exposure to assess long-term effects. Respiration and growth rates were not significantly different in any of the treatments tested compared to control. OC production was not affected in any treatment, but a significant increase of OC:ON in mucus produced by BE-exposed (23 and 48 mg.l-1) corals was revealed 2 weeks after exposure. Polyp mortality increased significantly at the two highest DC doses (19 and 49 mg.l-1) 2 and 6 weeks post-exposure but no significant difference was observed in any of the other treatments compared to the control. These findings are adding new knowledge on coral resilience to short realistic exposure of suspended drill particles and indicate overall a risk for long-term effects at a threshold of ~20 mg.l-1., Competing Interests: This study and the writing of the manuscript was financed by Equinor AS. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products associated with this research to declare. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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4. Effects of chronic exposure to the water-soluble fraction of crude oil and in situ burn residue of oil on egg-bearing Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis).
- Author
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Keitel-Gröner F, Bamber S, Bechmann RK, Lyng E, Gomiero A, Tronci V, Gharbi N, Engen F, Taban IC, and Baussant T
- Abstract
Oil spill clean-up measures using in situ burning can potentially result in seafloor contamination affecting benthic organisms. To mimic realistic exposure and measure effects, ovigerous Northern shrimp were continuously exposed for two weeks to the water-soluble fraction of oil coated on gravel followed by two weeks in clean seawater. North Sea crude oil (NSC) and field generated in situ burn residue (ISBR) of NSC were used (Low: 3 g/kg gravel, Medium: 6 g/kg gravel and High: 12 g/kg gravel). The concentrations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water resulting from NSC were higher compared to ISBR. No mortality was observed in any treatment and overall moderate sublethal effects were found, mostly after exposure to NSC. Feeding was temporarily reduced at higher concentrations of NSC. PAH levels in hepatopancreas tissue were significantly elevated following exposure and still significantly higher at the end of the experiment in NSC
High and ISBRHigh compared to control. Mild inflammatory response reactions and tissue ultrastructural alterations in gill tissue were observed in both treatments. Signs of necrosis occurred in ISBRHigh . No change in shrimp locomotory activity was noted from NSC exposure. However, ISBR exposure increased activity temporarily. Larvae exposed as pleopod-attached embryos showed significant delay in development from stage I to stage II after exposure to NSCHigh . Based on this study, oil-contaminated seafloor resulting from in situ burning clean-up actions does not appear to cause serious effects on bottom-living shrimp., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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5. Effects of crude oil and field-generated burned oil residue on Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) larvae.
- Author
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Keitel-Gröner F, Bechmann RK, Engen F, Lyng E, Taban IC, and Baussant T
- Subjects
- Animals, Larva, North Sea, Pandalidae, Petroleum toxicity, Petroleum Pollution, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
- Abstract
In situ burning (ISB) is an oil spill clean-up option used by oil spill responders to mitigate impacts on the marine environment. Despite advantages such as high efficiency and potential applicability for challenging areas such as the Arctic, the actual environmental side effects are still uncertain. Acute and sublethal effects of the water accommodated fractions (WAFs from 25 g oil/L seawater) of a pre-weathered North Sea crude (Oseberg Blend 200 °C+) and field generated ISB residue were evaluated on Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) larvae. The larvae were first exposed for 96 h to a serial dilution of seven concentrations, and then maintained for two weeks in clean seawater post-exposure. No acute (mortality) or sublethal effects (feeding, development, or growth) were detected in any of the ISB residue concentrations. Significant larvae mortality was found in the three highest concentrations of crude oil (96-h LC50:469 μg/L total petroleum hydrocarbon) but no sublethal effects were found in the surviving larvae post-exposure. This study indicates that applying ISB could mitigate acute impacts of spilled oil on shrimp larvae., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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6. Effects of exposing shrimp larvae (Pandalus borealis) to aquaculture pesticides at field relevant concentrations, with and without food limitation.
- Author
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Bechmann RK, Arnberg M, Bamber S, Lyng E, Westerlund S, Rundberget JT, Kringstad A, Seear PJ, and Burridge L
- Subjects
- Animals, Nitriles toxicity, Organothiophosphates toxicity, Pyrethrins toxicity, Salmon growth & development, Animal Feed, Aquaculture methods, Larva drug effects, Pandalidae drug effects, Pesticides toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
- Abstract
Anti-parasitic drugs used in the aquaculture industry are discharged to the sea after treatment of salmon. In this study, the effects of azamethiphos (AZA) in the Salmosan® formulation and deltamethrin (DEL) in the Alpha Max® formulation, have been assessed in Northern shrimp larvae (Pandalus borealis) when administered both separately and in combination. The exposure concentrations were 100 ng/L for AZA and 2 ng/L for DEL, each representing a 1000-fold dilution of the prescribed concentrations for salmon. These two chemicals were combined at these concentrations to give a third treatment (AZA + DEL). When larvae were exposed for two hours on the first, second and third days post hatch (dph), significantly increased mortality and reduced swimming activity were observed for larvae from the DEL and combined AZA + DEL treatments 4 dph, though not in larvae from the AZA treatment. A single pulse exposure, delivered on the first day post hatch, caused similar effects on mortality and swimming activity 4 dph as the three-pulse exposure. Mortality was driven by the presence of DEL in both experiments, with no amplification or reduction of effects observed when DEL and AZA were combined. Larvae were observed for 13 days following the single pulse exposure, with food limitation introduced as an additional stressor on day 4. In the DEL and AZA + DEL treatments mortality continued to increase regardless of food level, with no larvae completing development to stage II. The overriding toxicity of DEL masked any potential effects the reduced food ration may have exerted. Swimming activity was lower for AZA treated larvae than Control larvae 13 dph, when both groups were fed daily, though no other significant changes to mortality, development to stage II, feeding rate or gene expression were observed. Food limited Control and AZA larvae had lower swimming activity and feeding rate than daily fed Control larvae, with expression of pyruvate kinase and myosin genes also downregulated. However, there was no negative effect on survival or successful development to stage II in these treatments. In addition, mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotropic factor was downregulated in food limited Control larvae when compared with the daily fed Controls. Results from this study together with reported estimates of dispersion plume concentrations of discharged pesticides indicate that toxic concentrations of deltamethrin could reach shrimp larvae several kilometers from a treated salmon farm., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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7. Dispersant application increases adverse long-term effects of oil on shrimp larvae (Pandalus borealis) after a six hour exposure.
- Author
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Keitel-Gröner F, Arnberg M, Bechmann RK, Lyng E, and Baussant T
- Subjects
- Animals, Larva, Pandalidae, Petroleum, Petroleum Pollution, Water Pollutants, Chemical
- Abstract
The application of chemical dispersants is one option of oil spill response (OSR). Here, Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) larvae were experimentally exposed for short periods (6 h and 1 h) to a realistic concentration of chemically dispersed oil (CDO) (~10 mg L
-1 THC), mechanically dispersed oil (MDO) (~7 mg L-1 THC), and dispersant only (D). A control (C) with seawater served as reference. Short-term effects on survival and feeding were examined right after exposure and longer-term consequences on survival, feeding, growth and development following 30 days of recovery. Both exposure durations provoked long lasting effects on larval fitness, with 1 h exposure leading to minor effects on most of the selected endpoints. The 6 h exposure affected all endpoints with more adverse impacts after exposure to CDO. This study provides important data for assessing the best OSR option relevant to NEBA (Net Environmental Benefit Analysis)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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8. Gill damage and delayed mortality of Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) after short time exposure to anti-parasitic veterinary medicine containing hydrogen peroxide.
- Author
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Bechmann RK, Arnberg M, Gomiero A, Westerlund S, Lyng E, Berry M, Agustsson T, Jager T, and Burridge LE
- Subjects
- Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Ecosystem, Hepatopancreas drug effects, Lethal Dose 50, Models, Biological, Norway, Seawater chemistry, Survival Analysis, Time Factors, Antiparasitic Agents toxicity, Gills drug effects, Hydrogen Peroxide toxicity, Pandalidae drug effects, Veterinary Drugs toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
- Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H
2 O2 ) is used as anti-parasitic veterinary medicine in salmon farms worldwide. In the period from 2009 to 2018 a total of 135 million kg of H2 O2 was used in Norway, the world's largest producer of Atlantic salmon. Since the treatment water is discharged to the sea, concerns have been raised about effects of H2 O2 on the coastal ecosystem. In the present study, Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) have been exposed to short pulses of H2 O2 in the PARAMOVE® formulation, followed by a recovery period in clean seawater. The exposure concentrations represented 100, 1000 and 10 000 times dilutions of the prescribed treatment concentration for salmon; 15 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L and 0.15 mg/L H2 O2 . Significantly increased mortality was observed after 2 h exposure to 15 mg/L H2 O2 (50%) and after 2 h exposure to 1.5 mg/L H2 O2 on 3 consecutive days (33%), but no mortality was observed after 2 h exposure to 0.15 mg/L. The mortality occurred 2-4 days after the first pulse of exposure. The patterns of acute effects (immobility and death) could be captured with a toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model (GUTS), which allows extrapolations to LC50s for constant exposure, or thresholds for effects given untested exposure profiles. Effects of H2 O2 were also detected in shrimp that survived until the end of the recovery period. The feeding rate was 66% lower than in the control after 12 days of recovery for the three-pulse 1.5 mg/L exposure. Furthermore, dose dependent tissue damage was detected in the gills and evidence of lipid peroxidation in the hepatopancreas in shrimp exposed for 1 h to 1.5 mg/L and 15 mg/L and kept in recovery for 8 days. Fluorescence intensity in the hepatopancreas of treated shrimp increased 47% and 157% at 1.5 mg/L and 15 mg/L, respectively, compared to the control. Local hydrodynamic conditions will determine how fast the concentration of H2 O2 will be diluted and how far it will be transported horizontally and vertically. Results from dispersion modelling (literature data) together with the current experiments indicate that treatment water with toxic concentrations of H2 O2 (1.5 mg/L) could reach P. borealis living more than 1 km from a treated salmon farm., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Early life stages of Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) are sensitive to fish feed containing the anti-parasitic drug diflubenzuron.
- Author
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Bechmann RK, Lyng E, Westerlund S, Bamber S, Berry M, Arnberg M, Kringstad A, Calosi P, and Seear PJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Ecosystem, Feeding Behavior drug effects, Fishes, Larva drug effects, Larva growth & development, Molting drug effects, Pandalidae genetics, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Respiration, Survival Analysis, Swimming, Transcriptome genetics, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity, Animal Feed, Diflubenzuron toxicity, Life Cycle Stages drug effects, Pandalidae drug effects, Pandalidae growth & development, Parasites drug effects
- Abstract
Increasing use of fish feed containing the chitin synthesis inhibiting anti-parasitic drug diflubenzuron (DFB) in salmon aquaculture has raised concerns over its impact on coastal ecosystems. Larvae of Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) were exposed to DFB medicated feed under Control conditions (7.0 °C, pH 8.0) and under Ocean Acidification and Warming conditions (OAW, 9.5 °C and pH 7.6). Two weeks' exposure to DFB medicated feed caused significantly increased mortality. The effect of OAW and DFB on mortality of shrimp larvae was additive; 10% mortality in Control, 35% in OAW, 66% in DFB and 92% in OAW + DFB. In OAW + DFB feeding and swimming activity were reduced for stage II larvae and none of the surviving larvae developed to stage IV. Two genes involved in feeding (GAPDH and PRLP) and one gene involved in moulting (DD9B) were significantly downregulated in larvae exposed to OAW + DFB relative to the Control. Due to a shorter intermoult period under OAW conditions, the OAW + DFB larvae were exposed throughout two instead of one critical pre-moult period. This may explain the more serious sub-lethal effects for OAW + DFB than DFB larvae. A single day exposure at 4 days after hatching did not affect DFB larvae, but high mortality was observed for OAW + DFB larvae, possibly because they were exposed closer to moulting. High mortality of shrimp larvae exposed to DFB medicated feed, indicates that the use of DFB in salmon aquaculture is a threat to crustacean zooplankton., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. II. Species sensitivity distributions based on biomarkers and whole organism responses for integrated impact and risk assessment criteria.
- Author
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Sanni S, Lyng E, Pampanin DM, and Smit MGD
- Subjects
- Species Specificity, Aquatic Organisms physiology, Biomarkers, Environmental Monitoring methods, Petroleum analysis, Petroleum Pollution statistics & numerical data, Risk Assessment
- Abstract
The aim of this paper is to bridge gaps between biomarker and whole organism responses related to oil based offshore discharges. These biomarker bridges will facilitate acceptance criteria for biomarker data linked to environmental risk assessment and translate biomarker results to higher order effects. Biomarker based species sensitivity distributions (SSD
biomarkers ) have been constructed for relevant groups of biomarkers based on laboratory data from oil exposures. SSD curves express the fraction of species responding to different types of biomarkers. They have been connected to SSDs for whole organism responses (WORs) constructed in order to relate the SSDbiomarkers to animal fitness parameters that are commonly used in environmental risk assessment. The resulting SSD curves show that biomarkers and WORs can be linked through their potentially affected fraction of species (PAF) distributions, enhancing the capability to monitor field parameters with better correlation to impact and risk assessment criteria and providing improved chemical/biological integration., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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11. III: Use of biomarkers as Risk Indicators in Environmental Risk Assessment of oil based discharges offshore.
- Author
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Sanni S, Lyng E, and Pampanin DM
- Subjects
- Petroleum Pollution statistics & numerical data, Risk Assessment methods, Risk Factors, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Biomarkers, Environmental Monitoring methods, Petroleum Pollution analysis
- Abstract
Offshore oil and gas activities are required not to cause adverse environmental effects, and risk based management has been established to meet environmental standards. In some risk assessment schemes, Risk Indicators (RIs) are parameters to monitor the development of risk affecting factors. RIs have not yet been established in the Environmental Risk Assessment procedures for management of oil based discharges offshore. This paper evaluates the usefulness of biomarkers as RIs, based on their properties, existing laboratory biomarker data and assessment methods. Data shows several correlations between oil concentrations and biomarker responses, and assessment principles exist that qualify biomarkers for integration into risk procedures. Different ways that these existing biomarkers and methods can be applied as RIs in a probabilistic risk assessment system when linked with whole organism responses are discussed. This can be a useful approach to integrate biomarkers into probabilistic risk assessment related to oil based discharges, representing a potential supplement to information that biomarkers already provide about environmental impact and risk related to these kind of discharges., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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12. I: Biomarker quantification in fish exposed to crude oil as input to species sensitivity distributions and threshold values for environmental monitoring.
- Author
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Sanni S, Björkblom C, Jonsson H, Godal BF, Liewenborg B, Lyng E, and Pampanin DM
- Subjects
- Animals, Arctic Regions, Biomarkers metabolism, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 metabolism, Flatfishes metabolism, Environmental Monitoring methods, Fishes physiology, Petroleum toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine a suitable set of biomarker based methods for environmental monitoring in sub-arctic and temperate offshore areas using scientific knowledge on the sensitivity of fish species to dispersed crude oil. Threshold values for environmental monitoring and risk assessment were obtained based on a quantitative comparison of biomarker responses. Turbot, halibut, salmon and sprat were exposed for up to 8 weeks to five different sub-lethal concentrations of dispersed crude oil. Biomarkers assessing PAH metabolites, oxidative stress, detoxification system I activity, genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption, general cellular stress and histological changes were measured. Results showed that PAH metabolites, CYP1A/EROD, DNA adducts and histopathology rendered the most robust results across the different fish species, both in terms of sensitivity and dose-responsiveness. The reported results contributed to forming links between biomonitoring and risk assessment procedures by using biomarker species sensitivity distributions., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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13. Exposing Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) to fish feed containing the antiparasitic drug diflubenzuron caused high mortality during molting.
- Author
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Bechmann RK, Lyng E, Berry M, Kringstad A, and Westerlund S
- Subjects
- Animal Feed analysis, Animals, Diet veterinary, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Fishes, Pandalidae growth & development, Antiparasitic Agents toxicity, Diflubenzuron toxicity, Molting drug effects, Pandalidae drug effects
- Abstract
Use of the chitin synthesis inhibitor diflubenzuron (DFB) as an antiparasitic drug in salmon aquaculture raises concern over its impact on marine ecosystems. Further, global drivers, such as ocean warming and acidification (OAW), may increase the toxicity of hazardous substances including DFB. The aim of the present study was to examine the combined effects of DFB-medicated salmon feed on ovigerous Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) under Control (pH
NBS 8.0, 7.0ºC) and OAW conditions (pHNBS 7.6, 9.5ºC). DFB-exposed shrimp consumed on average 0.1-0.3 g medicated feed during the 2-week exposure period, and high mortality (61-73%) was documented at both environmental conditions. There was no significant interaction between OAW and DFB. Only 2-7% of DFB-exposed shrimp molted successfully compared to 65% in Control and 63% in OAW. The shrimp molted earlier (shorter intermolt period) and exhibited higher feeding rate at OAW compared to Control conditions. An additional experiment, where female shrimp were exposed to DFB closer to molting, noted increased mortality after only 4 d exposure, and successful molting for some shrimp after 2 to 3 weeks of depuration. High mortality of shrimp exposed to DFB-medicated feed indicates that the use of this feed in aquaculture could affect local shrimp populations.- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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14. Increased bioavailability of celecoxib under fed versus fasted conditions is determined by postprandial bile secretion as demonstrated in a dynamic gastrointestinal model.
- Author
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Lyng E, Havenaar R, Shastri P, Hetsco L, Vick A, and Sagartz J
- Subjects
- Adult, Biological Availability, Diet, High-Fat methods, Food, Food-Drug Interactions physiology, Humans, Models, Biological, Solubility, Bile metabolism, Celecoxib pharmacokinetics, Fasting metabolism, Gastrointestinal Tract metabolism
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to utilize physiologically relevant dynamic dissolution testing with the TNO intestinal model (TIM-1) in vitro gastrointestinal model to investigate the bioaccessibility of celecoxib. A single 200-mg dose of celecoxib was evaluated under average adult human physiological conditions simulated in the TIM-1 system. The in vitro data were compared with the clinically established pharmacokinetic data. When expressed as a percent of drug that progresses from the duodenum to the jejunum and ileum compartments (bioaccessible sites), the study demonstrated a 2-fold increase in the total bioaccessibility for celecoxib when co-administered with a high-fat meal as opposed to co-administration with a glass of water (fasted conditions). That increase in bioaccessibility was similar to a 1.2 to 1.6-fold increase in systemic exposure in adults and children following co-administration with a high-fat meal when compared to the exposure measured when celecoxib was co-administered with only water. Following that comparison, the flexibility of the TIM-1 system was used to more specifically investigate individual parameters of gastrointestinal conditions, such as the rate of bile secretion (emptying of the bile bladder) that accompanies high-fat meal consumption. We demonstrated that increased bile secretion after co-administration of a high-fat meal played a more important role in the increased celecoxib bioaccessibility than did the food matrix. This indicates that in humans without a bile bladder the exposure of celecoxib administered with food might be as low as under fasted state.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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15. An evaluation of coral lophelia pertusa mucus as an analytical matrix for environmental monitoring: A preliminary proteomic study.
- Author
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Provan F, Nilsen MM, Larssen E, Uleberg KE, Sydnes MO, Lyng E, Øysæd KB, and Baussant T
- Subjects
- Animals, Anthozoa chemistry, Mucus chemistry, Mucus drug effects, North Sea, Norway, Anthozoa drug effects, Environmental Monitoring methods, Petroleum toxicity, Proteome drug effects, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
- Abstract
For the environmental monitoring of coral, mucus appears to be an appropriate biological matrix due to its array of functions in coral biology and the non-intrusive manner in which it can be collected. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using mucus of the stony coral Lophelia pertusa (L. pertusa) as an analytical matrix for discovery of biomarkers used for environmental monitoring. More specifically, to assess whether a mass-spectrometry-based proteomic approach can be applied to characterize the protein composition of coral mucus and changes related to petroleum discharges at the seafloor. Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) screening analyses of orange and white L. pertusa showed that the mucosal protein composition varies significantly with color phenotype, a pattern not reported prior to this study. Hence, to reduce variability from phenotype difference, L. pertusa white individuals only were selected to characterize in more detail the basal protein composition in mucus using liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In total, 297 proteins were identified in L. pertusa mucus of unexposed coral individuals. Individuals exposed to drill cuttings in the range 2 to 12 mg/L showed modifications in coral mucus protein composition compared to unexposed corals. Although the results were somewhat inconsistent between individuals and require further validation in both the lab and the field, this study demonstrated preliminary encouraging results for discovery of protein markers in coral mucus that might provide more comprehensive insight into potential consequences attributed to anthropogenic stressors and may be used in future monitoring of coral health.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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16. IL-1R signaling within the central nervous system regulates CXCL12 expression at the blood-brain barrier and disease severity during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
- Author
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McCandless EE, Budde M, Lees JR, Dorsey D, Lyng E, and Klein RS
- Subjects
- Animals, Chemokine CXCL12 genetics, Chemokine CXCL12 metabolism, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental metabolism, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental pathology, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Protein Transport genetics, Protein Transport immunology, Receptors, Interleukin-1 deficiency, Receptors, Interleukin-1 genetics, Signal Transduction genetics, Spinal Cord pathology, Blood-Brain Barrier immunology, Chemokine CXCL12 biosynthesis, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental immunology, Receptors, Interleukin-1 physiology, Severity of Illness Index, Signal Transduction immunology, Spinal Cord immunology, Spinal Cord metabolism
- Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the CNS characterized by disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This breach in CNS immune privilege allows undeterred trafficking of myelin-specific lymphocytes into the CNS where they induce demyelination. Although the mechanism of BBB compromise is not known, the chemokine CXCL12 has been implicated as a molecular component of the BBB whose pattern of expression is specifically altered during MS and which correlates with disease severity. The inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta has recently been shown to contribute not only to BBB permeability but also to the development of IL-17-driven autoimmune responses. Using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the rodent model of MS, we demonstrate that IL-1beta mediates pathologic relocation of CXCL12 during the induction phase of the disease, before the development of BBB disruption. We also show that CD4, CD8, and, surprisingly gammadelta T cells are all sources of IL-1beta. In addition, gammadelta T cells are also targets of this cytokine, contributing to IL-1beta-mediated production of IL-17. Finally, we show that the level of CNS IL-1R determines the clinical severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These data suggest that T cell-derived IL-1beta contributes to loss of immune privilege during CNS autoimmunity via pathologic alteration in the expression of CXCL12 at the BBB.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Mass spectrometric profiling - a diagnostic tool in fish?
- Author
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Provan F, Bjørnstad A, Pampanin DM, Lyng E, Fontanillas R, Andersen OK, Koppe W, and Bamber S
- Subjects
- Animals, Biomarkers analysis, Biomarkers blood, Mucus chemistry, Population Density, Protein Array Analysis methods, Protein Array Analysis standards, Reproducibility of Results, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization standards, Stress, Physiological diagnosis, Fish Diseases diagnosis, Protein Array Analysis veterinary, Proteins analysis, Salmo salar, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization veterinary, Stress, Physiological veterinary
- Abstract
The development of rapid and sensitive diagnostic tools to assess the effect of stressors on organisms is a principal objective of environmental proteomics. This study is focused on evaluating the potential of using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) to assess stress in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Plasma and mucus samples were taken from fish that had previously been maintained in a range of high density conditions, together with control fish maintained under low density conditions. Samples were collected during the post-density stress period for protein profile analysis. The mass spectra were analysed to evaluate reproducibility and to search for condition specific changes in protein expression. Multivariate analysis of the peak relative intensity data indicated a segregation of the data into three entities in accordance with the density level fish had been subjected to during the density stress period. This segregation was seen in both plasma and mucus data.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Ionizing radiation induces a stress response in primary cultures of rainbow trout skin.
- Author
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Lyng EM, Lyons-Alcantara M, Olwell P, Shuilleabháin SN, Seymour C, Cottell DC, and Mothersill C
- Subjects
- Animals, Apoptosis radiation effects, Cell Division radiation effects, Immunohistochemistry, Microscopy, Electron, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc metabolism, Skin cytology, Skin metabolism, Skin ultrastructure, Gamma Rays, Skin radiation effects
- Abstract
Fish skin is very vulnerable to damage from physical and chemical pollutants because it is in direct contact with the aquatic environment. In this study, the effect of gamma radiation on primary cultures of rainbow trout skin was investigated. Primary cultures containing two cell types, epidermal cells and goblet mucous cells, were exposed to doses ranging from 0.5-15 Gy 60Co gamma radiation. Expression of PCNA, c-myc and BCL2 was investigated as well as growth and levels of apoptosis and necrosis. Morphological and functional changes were also studied. The irradiated cultures showed evidence of a dose-dependent increase in necrosis and enhanced proliferation as well as morphological damage. In addition, mucous cell area was found to decrease significantly after irradiation. The study shows the value of these primary cultures as in vitro models for studying radiation effects. They provide an effective alternative to whole-animal exposures for radiation risk assessment.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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