Search

Your search keyword '"M'Rini C"' showing total 21 results
Start Over Author "M'Rini C"
21 results on '"M'Rini C"'

2. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes

Author

Nielsen, H.B., Almeida, M., Sierakowska Juncker, A., Rasmussen, S., Li, J., Sunagawa, S., Plichta, D.R., Gautier, L., Pedersen, A.G., Le Chatelier, E., Pelletier, E., Bonde, I., Nielsen, T., Manichanh, C., Arumugam, M., Batto, J.M., Quintanilha dos Santos, M.B., Blom, N., Borruel, N., Burgdorf, K.S., Boumezbeur, F., Casellas, F., Doré, J., Dworzynski, P., Guarner, F., Hansen, T., Hildebrand, F., Kaas, R.S., Kennedy, S., Kristiansen, K., Kultima, J.R., Leonard, P., Levenez, F., Lund, O., Moumen, B., Le Paslier, D., Pons, N., Pedersen, O., Prifti, E., Qin, J., Raes, J., Sørensen, S., Tap, J., Tims, S., Ussery, D.W., Yamada, T., Jamet, A., Mérieux, A., Cultrone, A., Torrejon, A., Quinquis, B., Brechot, C., Delorme, C., M'Rini, C., de Vos, W.M., Maguin, E., Varela, E., Guedon, E., Gwen, F., Haimet, F., Artiguenave, F., Vandemeulebrouck, G., Denariaz, G., Khaci, G., Blottière, H., Knol, J., Weissenbach, J., van Hylckama Vlieg, J.E., Torben, J., Parkhil, J., Turner, K., van de Guchte, M., Antolin, M., Rescigno, M., Kleerebezem, M., Derrien, M., Galleron, N., Sanchez, N., Grarup, N., Veiga, P., Oozeer, R., Dervyn, R., Layec, S., Bruls, T., Winogradski, Y., Zoetendal, E.G., Renault, D., Sicheritz-Ponten, Bork, P., Wang, J., Brunak, S., Ehrlich, S.D., Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Department of Computer Science [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), BGI Hong Kong Researche Institute, BGI Shenzhen, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Southern University of Science and Technology [Shenzhen] (SUSTech), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, US 1367 MetaGénoPolis, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Département Microbiologie et Chaîne Alimentaire (MICA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-MetaGénoPolis (MGP), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (CBMR), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Department of Structural Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), 8National Food Institute - Division for Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Department of Biology [Copenhagen], Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], Hagedorn Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University [Aarhus], BGI Hong Kong research Institute, Rega Institute - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Section of Microbiology [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute Central Office, Guy’s Hospital, King‘s College London, Département Microbiologie et Chaîne Alimentaire (MICA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), European Community's Seventh Framework Programme [FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007-201052, FP7-HEALTH-2010-261376], OpenGPU FUI collaborative research projects, DGCIS, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain), Ministere de la Recherche et de l'Education Nationale (France), [ANR-11-DPBS-0001], Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Beijing Genomics Institute [Shenzhen] (BGI), Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), MetaGenoPolis, Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine [Berlin] (MDC), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, European Project: 201052,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2007-A,METAHIT(2008), Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal, National University of Singapore (NUS), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science [Odense] (IMADA), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), INRA US1367 MetaGenoPolis, European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Grenoble] (EMBL), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Center for Biological Sequence Analysis [Lyngby], Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences (CCCME), 1Génétique Microbienne, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy en Josas Cedex, and Department of Bio-engineering Sciences

Subjects
Cellular immunity, polypeptide, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], SHORT READ ALIGNMENT SEQUENCES SYSTEMS ALGORITHMS MICROBIOTA PROTEIN LIFE SETS TREE TOOL, complex metagenomic sample, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Genome, Microbiologie, Databases, Genetic, genetic element, Cluster Analysis, sets, short read alignment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, tool, metagenomic, tree, Lactococcus lactis, IL-12, Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology, life, Microbial Genomes, antigen specific immune response, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Computational biology, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, cellular immunity, Biology, algorithms, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic variation, microbiota, Microbiome, Gene, genome, 030304 developmental biology, adjuvant activity, VLAG, 030306 microbiology, Metagenomics, WIAS, Microbial genetics, sequences, systems, protein
Abstract

Most current approaches for analyzing metagenomic data rely on comparisons to reference genomes, but the microbial diversity of many environments extends far beyond what is covered by reference databases. De novo segregation of complex metagenomic data into specific biological entities, such as particular bacterial strains or viruses, remains a largely unsolved problem. Here we present a method, based on binning co-abundant genes across a series of metagenomic samples, that enables comprehensive discovery of new microbial organisms, viruses and co-inherited genetic entities and aids assembly of microbial genomes without the need for reference sequences. We demonstrate the method on data from 396 human gut microbiome samples and identify 7,381 co-abundance gene groups (CAGs), including 741 metagenomic species (MGS). We use these to assemble 238 high-quality microbial genomes and identify affiliations between MGS and hundreds of viruses or genetic entities. Our method provides the means for comprehensive profiling of the diversity within complex metagenomic samples.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. A Consideration of Biomarkers to be Used for Evaluation of Inflammation in Human Nutritional Studies

Author

Calder, P.C., Ahluwalia, N., Albers, R., Bosco, N., Bourdet-Sicard, R., Haller, D., Holgate, S.T., Jönsson, L.S., Latulippe, M.E., Marcos, A., Moreines, J., M'Rini, C., Müller, M., Pawelec, G., van Neerven, R.J.J., Watzl, B., Zhao, J., Calder, P.C., Ahluwalia, N., Albers, R., Bosco, N., Bourdet-Sicard, R., Haller, D., Holgate, S.T., Jönsson, L.S., Latulippe, M.E., Marcos, A., Moreines, J., M'Rini, C., Müller, M., Pawelec, G., van Neerven, R.J.J., Watzl, B., and Zhao, J.

Abstract

To monitor inflammation in a meaningful way, the markers used must be valid: they must reflect the inflammatory process under study and they must be predictive of future health status. In 2009, the Nutrition and Immunity Task Force of the International Life Sciences Institute, European Branch, organized an expert group to attempt to identify robust and predictive markers, or patterns or clusters of markers, which can be used to assess inflammation in human nutrition studies in the general population. Inflammation is a normal process and there are a number of cells and mediators involved. These markers are involved in, or are produced as a result of, the inflammatory process irrespective of its trigger and its location and are common to all inflammatory situations. Currently, there is no consensus as to which markers of inflammation best represent low-grade inflammation or differentiate between acute and chronic inflammation or between the various phases of inflammatory responses. There are a number of modifying factors that affect the concentration of an inflammatory marker at a given time, including age, diet and body fatness, among others. Measuring the concentration of inflammatory markers in the bloodstream under basal conditions is probably less informative compared with data related to the concentration change in response to a challenge. A number of inflammatory challenges have been described. However, many of these challenges are poorly standardised. Patterns and clusters may be important as robust biomarkers of inflammation. Therefore, it is likely that a combination of multiple inflammatory markers and integrated readouts based upon kinetic analysis following defined challenges will be the most informative biomarker of inflammation

Published
2017

4. Biomarkers of sarcopenia in clinical trials-recommendations from the International Working Group on Sarcopenia

Author

Cesari, M., Fielding, R. A., Pahor, M., Goodpaster, B., Hellerstein, M., VAN KAN, G. A., Anker, S. D., Rutkover, S. D., Vrijbloed, J. W., Isaac, M., Rolland, Y., M'Rini, C., AUBERTIN LEHEUDRE, M., Cedarbaum, J. M., Zamboni, Mauro, Sieber, C. C., Laurent, D., Evans, W. J., Roubenoff, R., Morley, J. E., Vellas, B., and INTERNATIONAL WORKING GROUP ON SARCOPENIA

Subjects
BIOMARKERS, SARCOPENIA
Published
2012

5. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome

Author

Arumugam, M., Raes, J., Pelletier, E., Le Paslier, D., Yamada, Takuji, Mende, D. R., Fernandes, G. R., Tap, J., Bruls, T., Batto, J. M., Bertalan, M., Borruel, N., Casellas, F., Fernandez, L., Gautier, L., Hansen, T., Hattori, M., Hayashi, T., Kleerebezem, M., Kurokawa, K., Leclerc, M., Levenez, F., Manichanh, C., Nielsen, H. B., Nielsen, T., Pons, N., Poulain, J., Qin, J., Sicheritz-Ponten, T., Tims, S., Torrents, D., Ugarte, E., Zoetendal, E. G., Wang, J., Guarner, F., Pedersen, O., de Vos, W. M., Brunak, S., Dor�, J., Antol匤, M., Artiguenave, F., Blottiere, H. M., Almeida, M., Brechot, C., Cara, C., Chervaux, C., Cultrone, A., Delorme, C., Denariaz, G., Dervyn, R., Foerstner, K. U., Friss, C., van de Guchte, M., Guedon, E., Haimet, F., Huber, W., van Hylckama-Vlieg, J., Jamet, A., Juste, C., Kaci, G., Knol, J., Lakhdari, O., Layec, S., Le Roux, K., Maguin, E., M駻ieux, A., Melo Minardi, R., M'rini, C., Muller, J., Oozeer, R., Parkhill, J., Renault, P., Rescigno, M., Sanchez, N., Sunagawa, S., Torrejon, A., Turner, K., Vandemeulebrouck, G., Varela, E., Winogradsky, Y., Zeller, G., Weissenbach, J., Ehrlich, S. D., Bork, P., Consortium, MetaHIT, Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal (MIHA), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Center for Biological Sequence Analysis [Lyngby], Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Centre Interlangues - Texte, Image, Langage (TIL), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Hagedorn Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), NIZO [Ede, Netherlands], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Beijing Genomics Institute [Shenzhen] (BGI), Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Applied Medical Genomics in Personalized Disease Prediction, Prevention and Care (LuCAMP), Novo Nordisk Foundation, International Science and Technology Cooperation Project in China [0806], Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), Institute for the encouragement of Scientific Research and Innovation of Brussels (ISRIB), Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), European Project: 201052,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2007-A,METAHIT(2008), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, NIZO FOOD RESEARCH (NIZO), Nizo food research, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, intestinal microbiota, catalog, obesity, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], pathways, Biodiversity, Biology, Microbiology, Article, diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, Feces, Human gut, mucin, Phylogenetics, Microbiologie, Humans, bacterial, Microbiome, genes, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, VLAG, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, metagenomics, Multidisciplinary, Bacteria, colon, 030306 microbiology, Host (biology), Ecology, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Europe, Intestines, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Evolutionary biology, Metagenomics, Metagenome, Enterotype, Biological Markers, Female, Biomarkers, Human Microbiome Project
Abstract

International audience; Our knowledge of species and functional composition of the human gut microbiome is rapidly increasing, but it is still based on very few cohorts and little is known about variation across the world. By combining 22 newly sequenced faecal metagenomes of individuals from four countries with previously published data sets, here we identify three robust clusters (referred to as enterotypes hereafter) that are not nation or continent specific. We also confirmed the enterotypes in two published, larger cohorts, indicating that intestinal microbiota variation is generally stratified, not continuous. This indicates further the existence of a limited number of well-balanced host-microbial symbiotic states that might respond differently to diet and drug intake. The enterotypes are mostly driven by species composition, but abundant molecular functions are not necessarily provided by abundant species, highlighting the importance of a functional analysis to understand microbial communities. Although individual host properties such as body mass index, age, or gender cannot explain the observed enterotypes, data-driven marker genes or functional modules can be identified for each of these host properties. For example, twelve genes significantly correlate with age and three functional modules with the body mass index, hinting at a diagnostic potential of microbial markers.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Intravital microscopy analysis of leukocyte-endothelium interactions in a tumor draining-lymph node

Author

Carriere, V., Colisson, R., Jiguet-Jiglaire, C., Bellard, E., Bouche, G., J.P., Girard, M'Rini, C., Saati T., Al, Amalric, F., Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
[SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer
Published
2005

7. A Consideration of Biomarkers to be Used for Evaluation of Inflammation in Human Nutritional Studies

Author

Calder, P.C., primary, Ahluwalia, N., additional, Albers, R., additional, Bosco, N., additional, Bourdet-Sicard, R., additional, Haller, D., additional, Holgate, S.T., additional, Jönsson, L.S., additional, Latulippe, M.E., additional, Marcos, A., additional, Moreines, J., additional, M'Rini, C., additional, Müller, M., additional, Pawelec, G., additional, van Neerven, R.J.J., additional, Watzl, B., additional, and Zhao, J., additional

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. BIOMARKERS OF SARCOPENIA IN CLINICAL TRIALS RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL WORKING GROUP ON SARCOPENIA

Author

CESARI, M., primary, FIELDING, R.A., additional, PAHOR, M., additional, GOODPASTER, B., additional, HELLERSTEIN, M., additional, ABELLAN VAN KAN, G., additional, ANKER, S.D., additional, RUTKOVE, S., additional, VRIJBLOED, J.W., additional, ISAAC, M., additional, ROLLAND, Y., additional, M’RINI, C., additional, AUBERTIN-LEHEUDRE, M., additional, CEDARBAUM, J.M., additional, ZAMBONI, M., additional, SIEBER, C.C., additional, LAURENT, D., additional, EVANS, W.J., additional, ROUBENOFF, R., additional, MORLEY, J.E., additional, and VELLAS, B., additional

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. A Consideration of Biomarkers to be Used for Evaluation of Inflammation in Human Nutritional Studies

Author

Calder, P.C., Ahluwalia, N., Albers, R., Bosco, N., Bourdet-Sicard, R., Haller, D., Holgate, S.T., Jönsson, L.S., Latulippe, M.E., Marcos, A., Moreines, J., M'Rini, C., Müller, M., Pawelec, G., van Neerven, R.J.J., Watzl, B., Zhao, J., Calder, P.C., Ahluwalia, N., Albers, R., Bosco, N., Bourdet-Sicard, R., Haller, D., Holgate, S.T., Jönsson, L.S., Latulippe, M.E., Marcos, A., Moreines, J., M'Rini, C., Müller, M., Pawelec, G., van Neerven, R.J.J., Watzl, B., and Zhao, J.

Abstract

To monitor inflammation in a meaningful way, the markers used must be valid: they must reflect the inflammatory process under study and they must be predictive of future health status. In 2009, the Nutrition and Immunity Task Force of the International Life Sciences Institute, European Branch, organized an expert group to attempt to identify robust and predictive markers, or patterns or clusters of markers, which can be used to assess inflammation in human nutrition studies in the general population. Inflammation is a normal process and there are a number of cells and mediators involved. These markers are involved in, or are produced as a result of, the inflammatory process irrespective of its trigger and its location and are common to all inflammatory situations. Currently, there is no consensus as to which markers of inflammation best represent low-grade inflammation or differentiate between acute and chronic inflammation or between the various phases of inflammatory responses. There are a number of modifying factors that affect the concentration of an inflammatory marker at a given time, including age, diet and body fatness, among others. Measuring the concentration of inflammatory markers in the bloodstream under basal conditions is probably less informative compared with data related to the concentration change in response to a challenge. A number of inflammatory challenges have been described. However, many of these challenges are poorly standardised. Patterns and clusters may be important as robust biomarkers of inflammation. Therefore, it is likely that a combination of multiple inflammatory markers and integrated readouts based upon kinetic analysis following defined challenges will be the most informative biomarker of inflammation

13. Biomarkers of sarcopenia in clinical trials-recommendations from the International Working Group on Sarcopenia.

Author

Cesari M, Fielding RA, Pahor M, Goodpaster B, Hellerstein M, van Kan GA, Anker SD, Rutkove S, Vrijbloed JW, Isaac M, Rolland Y, M'rini C, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Cedarbaum JM, Zamboni M, Sieber CC, Laurent D, Evans WJ, Roubenoff R, Morley JE, and Vellas B

Abstract

Sarcopenia, the age-related skeletal muscle decline, is associated with relevant clinical and socioeconomic negative outcomes in older persons. The study of this phenomenon and the development of preventive/therapeutic strategies represent public health priorities. The present document reports the results of a recent meeting of the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (a task force consisting of geriatricians and scientists from academia and industry) held on June 7-8, 2011 in Toulouse (France). The meeting was specifically focused at gaining knowledge on the currently available biomarkers (functional, biological, or imaging-related) that could be utilized in clinical trials of sarcopenia and considered the most reliable and promising to evaluate age-related modifications of skeletal muscle. Specific recommendations about the assessment of aging skeletal muscle in older people and the optimal methodological design of studies on sarcopenia were also discussed and finalized. Although the study of skeletal muscle decline is still in a very preliminary phase, the potential great benefits derived from a better understanding and treatment of this condition should encourage research on sarcopenia. However, the reasonable uncertainties (derived from exploring a novel field and the exponential acceleration of scientific progress) require the adoption of a cautious and comprehensive approach to the subject.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome.

Author

Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E, Le Paslier D, Yamada T, Mende DR, Fernandes GR, Tap J, Bruls T, Batto JM, Bertalan M, Borruel N, Casellas F, Fernandez L, Gautier L, Hansen T, Hattori M, Hayashi T, Kleerebezem M, Kurokawa K, Leclerc M, Levenez F, Manichanh C, Nielsen HB, Nielsen T, Pons N, Poulain J, Qin J, Sicheritz-Ponten T, Tims S, Torrents D, Ugarte E, Zoetendal EG, Wang J, Guarner F, Pedersen O, de Vos WM, Brunak S, Doré J, Antolín M, Artiguenave F, Blottiere HM, Almeida M, Brechot C, Cara C, Chervaux C, Cultrone A, Delorme C, Denariaz G, Dervyn R, Foerstner KU, Friss C, van de Guchte M, Guedon E, Haimet F, Huber W, van Hylckama-Vlieg J, Jamet A, Juste C, Kaci G, Knol J, Lakhdari O, Layec S, Le Roux K, Maguin E, Mérieux A, Melo Minardi R, M'rini C, Muller J, Oozeer R, Parkhill J, Renault P, Rescigno M, Sanchez N, Sunagawa S, Torrejon A, Turner K, Vandemeulebrouck G, Varela E, Winogradsky Y, Zeller G, Weissenbach J, Ehrlich SD, and Bork P

Subjects
Bacteria genetics, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Biodiversity, Biomarkers analysis, Europe, Feces microbiology, Female, Humans, Male, Metagenomics, Phylogeny, Bacteria classification, Intestines microbiology, Metagenome
Abstract

Our knowledge of species and functional composition of the human gut microbiome is rapidly increasing, but it is still based on very few cohorts and little is known about variation across the world. By combining 22 newly sequenced faecal metagenomes of individuals from four countries with previously published data sets, here we identify three robust clusters (referred to as enterotypes hereafter) that are not nation or continent specific. We also confirmed the enterotypes in two published, larger cohorts, indicating that intestinal microbiota variation is generally stratified, not continuous. This indicates further the existence of a limited number of well-balanced host-microbial symbiotic states that might respond differently to diet and drug intake. The enterotypes are mostly driven by species composition, but abundant molecular functions are not necessarily provided by abundant species, highlighting the importance of a functional analysis to understand microbial communities. Although individual host properties such as body mass index, age, or gender cannot explain the observed enterotypes, data-driven marker genes or functional modules can be identified for each of these host properties. For example, twelve genes significantly correlate with age and three functional modules with the body mass index, hinting at a diagnostic potential of microbial markers.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Cancer cells regulate lymphocyte recruitment and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in the tumor-draining lymph node.

Author

Carrière V, Colisson R, Jiguet-Jiglaire C, Bellard E, Bouche G, Al Saati T, Amalric F, Girard JP, and M'Rini C

Subjects
Animals, Antigen Presentation immunology, Cell Adhesion immunology, Chemokine CCL21, Chemokines, CC metabolism, Female, L-Selectin metabolism, Leukocytes immunology, Lymphatic Metastasis immunology, Melanoma, Experimental metabolism, Melanoma, Experimental pathology, Membrane Glycoproteins metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, P-Selectin metabolism, Skin Neoplasms immunology, Skin Neoplasms metabolism, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Endothelium, Lymphatic cytology, Endothelium, Lymphatic immunology, Leukocytes metabolism, Lymph Nodes immunology, Lymphocytes physiology, Melanoma, Experimental immunology
Abstract

The physiologic function of the secondary lymphoid organs to recruit large numbers of naïve lymphocytes increases the probability that antigens encounter their rare, sometimes unique, specific T lymphocytes and initiate a specific immune response. In peripheral lymph nodes (LNs), this recruitment is a multistep process, initiated predominantly within the high endothelial venules (HEVs), beginning with rolling and chemokine-dependent firm adhesion of the lymphocytes on the venular endothelium surface. We report here that, in C57BL/6 mice, the recruitment of naïve lymphocytes is impaired in LNs draining a B16 melanoma tumor. Intravital microscopy analysis of the tumor-draining LNs revealed that this effect is associated with an important defect in lymphocyte adhesion in the HEVs and a progressive decrease in the expression of the LN chemokine CCL21. In parallel with these effects, the tumor up-regulated, essentially through a P-selectin-dependent mechanism, the rolling and sticking of circulating polymorphonuclear cells within the LN low-order venules where few rolling and sticking events are usually observed. These effects of the tumor were independent of the presence of metastasis into the LN and occurred as long as the tumor developed. Together, these results indicate that the tumor proximity disturbs the LN physiology by modifying the molecular, spatial, and cellular rules that usually control leukocyte-endothelium interactions into the peripheral LNs. In addition, they emphasize a new role for the low-order venules of the peripheral LNs, which compared with the HEVs, seem to be the preferential port of entry for cells linked to inflammatory processes.

Published
2005
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. A novel endothelial L-selectin ligand activity in lymph node medulla that is regulated by alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase-IV.

Author

M'Rini C, Cheng G, Schweitzer C, Cavanagh LL, Palframan RT, Mempel TR, Warnock RA, Lowe JB, Quackenbush EJ, and von Andrian UH

Subjects
Animals, Antigens, Surface immunology, Base Sequence, DNA Primers, Flow Cytometry, L-Selectin immunology, Ligands, Lymph Nodes enzymology, Membrane Proteins, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Fucosyltransferases metabolism, L-Selectin metabolism, Lymph Nodes metabolism
Abstract

Lymphocytes home to peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs) via high endothelial venules (HEVs) in the subcortex and incrementally larger collecting venules in the medulla. HEVs express ligands for L-selectin, which mediates lymphocyte rolling. L-selectin counterreceptors in HEVs are recognized by mAb MECA-79, a surrogate marker for molecularly heterogeneous glycans termed peripheral node addressin. By contrast, we find that medullary venules express L-selectin ligands not recognized by MECA-79. Both L-selectin ligands must be fucosylated by alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase (FucT)-IV or FucT-VII as rolling is absent in FucT-IV+VII(-/-) mice. Intravital microscopy experiments revealed that MECA-79-reactive ligands depend primarily on FucT-VII, whereas MECA-79-independent medullary L-selectin ligands are regulated by FucT-IV. Expression levels of both enzymes paralleled these anatomical distinctions. The relative mRNA level of FucT-IV was higher in medullary venules than in HEVs, whereas FucT-VII was most prominent in HEVs and weak in medullary venules. Thus, two distinct L-selectin ligands are segmentally confined to contiguous microvascular domains in PLNs. Although MECA-79-reactive species predominate in HEVs, medullary venules express another ligand that is spatially, antigenically, and biosynthetically unique. Physiologic relevance for this novel activity in medullary microvessels is suggested by the finding that L-selectin-dependent T cell homing to PLNs was partly insensitive to MECA-79 inhibition.

Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. CCR7-mediated physiological lymphocyte homing involves activation of a tyrosine kinase pathway.

Author

Stein JV, Soriano SF, M'rini C, Nombela-Arrieta C, de Buitrago GG, Rodríguez-Frade JM, Mellado M, Girard JP, and Martínez-A C

Subjects
Animals, Chemokine CCL19, Chemokine CCL21, Chemokine CXCL12, Chemokines, CC metabolism, Chemokines, CXC, Integrins drug effects, Janus Kinase 2, Lymph Nodes blood supply, Lymph Nodes cytology, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Microcirculation, Phosphorylation, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, Receptors, CCR7, Receptors, Chemokine metabolism, Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing, Signal Transduction, Tyrphostins pharmacology, Chemotaxis, Leukocyte drug effects, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Receptors, Chemokine physiology
Abstract

Homing of blood-borne lymphocytes to peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs) is a multistep process dependent on the sequential engagement of L-selectin, which mediates lymphocyte rolling along the luminal surface of high endothelial venules (HEVs), followed by activation of lymphocyte integrins and transmigration through HEVs. Within lymphoid tissue, B and T lymphocytes then migrate toward specific microenvironments such as B-cell follicles and the paracortex, respectively. The lymphocyte-expressed chemokine receptor CCR7 is playing an important role during this process, as its HEV-presented ligands CCL19 and CCL21 can trigger rapid integrin activation under flow in addition to inducing a chemotactic response, which may participate in transmigration and/or interstitial migration. Here, we report that Tyrphostin (Tyr) AG490, a pharmacological inhibitor of Janus family tyrosine kinases (Jaks), blocked the chemotactic response of primary mouse lymphocytes to CCL19 and CCL21 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Tyr AG490 inhibited rapid CCL21-mediated up-regulation of alpha4 and beta2 integrin adhesiveness in static adhesion assays and under physiological flow, whereas adhesion induced by phorbol myristate acetate remained unaltered. Using intravital microscopy of subiliac PLNs in mice, we found that adoptively transferred Tyr AG490-treated lymphocytes adhered significantly less in HEVs compared with control cells, although L-selectin-mediated rolling was similar in both samples. Finally, we observed rapid Jak2 phosphorylation in CCL21-stimulated primary mouse lymphocytes. Thus, our study suggests a role for Jak tyrosine kinases during CCR7-mediated lymphocyte recirculation.

Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Contrasting effect of interleukin-4 on the expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2, 5-lipoxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein in peritoneal macrophages from control and ovalbumin-sensitized rats.

Author

Escoubet-Lozach L, M'Rini CF, Rey A, Béraud M, Lepert JC, Bernard J, Mathieu JR, and Pipy B

Subjects
5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Proteins, Animals, Arachidonic Acid metabolism, Calcimycin pharmacology, Cholesterol Esters metabolism, Cytosol enzymology, Macrophages, Peritoneal enzymology, Macrophages, Peritoneal metabolism, Male, Phospholipases A2, Phospholipids metabolism, Rats, Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate pharmacology, Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase genetics, Carrier Proteins genetics, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Interleukin-4 pharmacology, Macrophages, Peritoneal drug effects, Membrane Proteins genetics, Ovalbumin administration & dosage, Phospholipases A genetics
Abstract

Interleukin-4 (IL-4), which has been widely described as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, can also exert proinflammatory effects. In this study, we extend these findings to demonstrate, in an allergic model, the dual effect of IL-4 on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in macrophages. In peritoneal macrophages from control rats (cPM), IL-4 had no effect on cPLA2 and 5-LO expression, but increased FLAP expression without affecting basal and A23187- or PMA-challenged arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. In contrast, in peritoneal macrophages from ovalbumin-sensitized rats (sPM), IL-4 decreased cPLA2, 5-LO and FLAP expression and PMA-challenged eicosanoid production. A23187-challenged AA metabolism of sPM was not affected by IL-4 pretreatment. Thus, IL-4 acts differently on cPLA2, 5-LO and FLAP expression and AA metabolism in peritoneal macrophages depending on their resident or sensitization-induced differentiated status.

Published
2001

19. IL-13 increases the cPLA2 gene and protein expression and the mobilization of arachidonic acid during an inflammatory process in mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Author

Rey A, M'Rini C, Sozzani P, Lamboeuf Y, Beraud M, Caput D, Ferrara P, and Pipy B

Subjects
Animals, Cells, Cultured, Cycloheximide pharmacology, Gene Expression Regulation, Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids metabolism, Macrophages, Peritoneal metabolism, Mice, Phospholipases A biosynthesis, Phospholipases A2, RNA, Messenger analysis, RNA, Messenger biosynthesis, Tritium, Zymosan, Arachidonic Acids metabolism, Inflammation metabolism, Interleukin-13 pharmacology, Macrophages, Peritoneal drug effects, Phospholipases A genetics
Abstract

Pretreatment of mouse peritoneal macrophages with interleukin-13 (IL-13) potentiates the mobilization of arachidonic acid (AA) and the production of HETEs but does not affect the production of cyclooxygenase metabolites triggered by the suboptimal concentration of an inflammatory agonist (opsonized-zymosan). Cycloheximide suppresses these effects of IL-13 suggesting that de novo protein synthesis is involved. Indeed, IL-13 induces a time-dependent increase in the levels of cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) protein and mRNA. This study demonstrates a new pathway for IL-13 to modulate the inflammatory process in macrophages via modifications of cPLA2 expression and subsequent AA mobilization.

Published
1998
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. In situ analysis of lymphocyte migration to lymph nodes.

Author

von Andrian UH and M'Rini C

Subjects
Animals, Cell Movement immunology, Lymph Nodes cytology, Lymphocytes cytology
Abstract

Blood-borne lymphocytes migrate continuously to peripheral lymph nodes (PLN) and other organized lymphoid tissues where they are most likely to encounter their cognate antigen. Lymphocyte homing to PLN is a highly regulated process that occurs exclusively in specialized high endothelial venules (HEV) in the nodal paracortex. Recently, it has become possible to explore this vital aspect of peripheral immune surveillance by intravital microscopy of the subiliac lymph node microcirculation in anesthetized mice. This paper reviews technical and experimental aspects of the new model and summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte homing to PLN which were derived from its use. Both lymphocytes and granulocytes initiate rolling interactions via L-selectin binding to the peripheral node addressin (PNAd) in PLN HEV. Subsequently, a G protein-coupled chemoattractant stimulus activates LFA-1 on rolling lymphocytes, but not on granulocytes. Thus, granulocytes continue to roll through the PLN, whereas LFA-1 activation allows lymphocytes to arrest and emigrate into the extravascular compartment. We have also identified a second homing pathway that allows L-selectin low/(activated/memory) lymphocytes to home to PLN. P-selectin on circulating activated platelets can mediate simultaneous platelet adhesion to PNAd in HEV and to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL)-1 on lymphocytes. Through this mechanism, platelets can form a cellular bridge which can effectively substitute for the loss of L-selectin on memory cell subsets.

Published
1998
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Arachidonic acid metabolism in alveolar macrophages from actively sensitized guinea-pigs: effects of sensitization and specific allergen.

Author

M'Rini C, Pipy B, Rami J, and Besombes JP

Subjects
Animals, Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase metabolism, Blood, Cells, Cultured, Culture Media, Guinea Pigs, Hot Temperature, Immunization, Macrophages, Alveolar drug effects, Male, Membrane Lipids isolation & purification, Tritium, Allergens pharmacology, Arachidonic Acid metabolism, Macrophages, Alveolar metabolism
Abstract

Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, including mediator release and lipid turnover, was explored in [3H]AA-radiolabelled alveolar macrophages obtained from guinea-pigs actively sensitized to ovalbumin (sAM) and controls (cAM). The basal and allergen-induced AA metabolism of cAM and sAM were examined in the presence and absence of homologous serum obtained from the same control or sensitized animals. Basal AA metabolism of cAM and sAM involved the release of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase [3H]metabolites and free [3H]AA into the culture medium. However, in sAM, the production of free [3H]AA was significantly lower than in cAM. The allergen had no effect on the basal AA metabolism of cAM and sAM or on the metabolism of cAM and sAM cultured in the presence of control serum. In contrast, it increased the [3H]LTC4-D4 and free [3H]AA production of sAM cultured with sensitized serum but not those of cAM cultured with the same sensitized serum. In sAM, the allergen effect disappeared when the sensitized serum was heated for 1 h to 56 degrees C. Our results suggest that two factors, both induced by the active sensitization of guinea-pigs, one in the serum and one on the macrophages obtained from sensitized guinea-pigs, are required for the allergen to have an impact on the AA metabolism of alveolar macrophages in increasing the production of 5-lipoxygenase metabolites.

Published
1994
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results