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Increasing analysis on automatic driving technology predicts that by upcoming years it will outnumber the manual vehicles. Ensuring safety and reducing road accidents is the primary concern in automated vehicles. Among many challenging and complex tasks to build an automated vehicle, Lane detection and Traffic sign recognition are very crucial. Though these are challenging tasks due to various road conditions, environmental or weather conditions that drivers can encounter while driving, researches have shown that advancement in deep learning and computer vision has gone beyond imagination. This paper proposes and analyses deep learning techniques compared with the existing different approaches to implement an efficient Lane detection and Traffic sign recognition model that acts as a driver support system to operate in real time. It is a significant module for unmanned vehicles and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). This system is aimed to operate in a real time environment for enhanced safety by faster acquisition of traffic signs and detecting the lanes to assist the driver in controlling and performing scrutinized operations. For this purpose, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on SegNet architecture for lane detection and YOLOv4 (You Only Look Once), a clever CNN algorithm meant for object detection in real time can be used to detect and segment the sign boards along with recognising them.

Friction stir welding is a solid state butt joining method in which frictional heat generated between tool and sheet is used for mixing and refining the grains at interface of the sheets. Friction stir spot welding works on the same principle as the friction stir welding but former method is used for lap spot joining. Quality (distortion) and strength (load bearing capacity) are the two fundamental requirements of good joint. Variation in these two with respect to plunge depth is quantified by measuring the thickness of flash formation, and gap between sheets and tensile-shear testing. Distortion and strength of the joint primarily depends on the plunge depth which determines the volume of material displaced from the sheet. Among the selected various plunge depths, optimum joint is obtained for 0.7 mm, for which tensile-shear strength of 8.26 kN, flash thickness of 1.34 mm and gap between the sheets was 0.2 mm. For plunge depth below and above, 0.7mm, the joint interface mixing (strength) is minimal and distortion (flash thickness and gap between sheets) at the joint is more, respectively.

Background and Aim: Cancer is a devastating disease with a severe impact on the physical and psychological well-being of patients. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been reported in various species of animals including dogs, cats, sheep, and pigs. The present study aimed to study the immunohistochemical and histopathological changes and chemoprotective effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Solanum nigrum on N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced HCC rat model. Materials and Methods: Eighty-two male Wistar rats of 15 weeks of age weighing 200-250 g were selected for the experiment. They were randomly divided into ten groups. Group I served as normal control consisted of healthy rats. HCC was induced in Group II, IV, V, VI, VII, and X rats using NDEA as inducing agent followed by phenobarbitone as a promoter for 16 weeks. Group II rats were kept untreated as HCC control. Group III rats were kept as vehicle control (0.05% Sodium bicarbonate). Group IV and V rats were treated with aqueous extract of S. nigrum at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, and Group VI and VII rats were treated with an alcoholic extract of S. nigrum at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, daily orally for 28 days. Group X rats were treated with sorafenib as reference drug at a dose of 11.4 mg/kg daily orally for 28 days. Group VIII and IX rats were kept as aqueous and alcoholic extract control for studying the effect of the same on normal rats. Liver samples were collected to study the gross and histopathological lesions and the activity of cleaved caspase-3 and chemopreventive effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of S. nigrum on HCC. Results: The liver sections of rats from HCC control (Group II) showed loss of lobular architecture, necrosis, fatty change, enlarged and darkened nuclei with variable size, dilatation of hepatic sinusoids with Kupffer cell hyperplasia, dilatation and proliferation of bile duct, and intranuclear vacuoles and also showed the presence of more than one nucleolus. Administration of alcoholic extract of S. nigrum and sorafenib to NDEA/phenobarbital-treated rats reduced the severity of lesions in the liver. Immunohistochemical analysis of liver sections for caspase-3-positive cells of hepatic cancer-induced group showed immunoreactivity to rarely few. The immunoreactivity of the hepatocytes treated with a higher dose of alcoholic extract of S. nigrum was limited and was comparable to a standard drug, sorafenib. Conclusion: Oral administration of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of S. nigrum for 28 days showed significant rejuvenation in the structure of the liver in the histopathological section in a dose-dependent manner in rats.

Natural cellulose fibers with properties suitable for textile and other applications have been extracted from the outer layer of Ricinus communis (castor plant) stems. Castor plants are cultivated mainly for their oil seeds but are also found to grow extensively as weeds in marshy and polluted waters. The plant grows up to 40 feet in length with minimum requirement of natural resources. Up to 5–10 times the weight of the oil seeds are left as residue which is generally burnt or buried in the ground. In this research, we studied the potential of using castor plant residues as a source for natural cellulose fibers. Fibers were extracted using a simple alkaline approach and characterized for their morphology, physical structure and tensile properties. Polypropylene was reinforced with castor fibers and made into composites. About 25% of the stem could be obtained as fibers with properties similar to that of fibers from other lignocellulosic plant residues. Individual fibers were fibrillar and exhibited convolutions similar to those seen in cotton. Elongation of the fibers at 5% was higher than common bast fibers jute and flax and the strength at 2.7 g/den (350 MPa) was similar to that of jute but lower than that of cotton. Castor fibers have the properties to be processable as textile fibers and were also found to be suitable as reinforcement for composites.

At present day use of modern techniques and technology is an essential and required consideration for being smart for every person to make immediate and smart decisions. For which data and information is essential required parameter?. So one of the method that the users are adopting for daily requirement is IoT. By which needy data is made available at any time, user work is made simple and easier as objects/things are made intelligent such that they are capable to collect data, generate information, transmit information to any place, any time with use of access technologies. Authorized user can access data, information for concerned application, make immediate and smart decisions with that information. Hence such sensitive private data & information generated by such things/objects should be secured irrespective of time and place of access from any unauthorized user. In this paper effort is made to identify and understand issues related to IoT security and other challenges to consider for IoT adaptation in daily use. How these issues can be tackled by using security methods, algorithmic techniques considering for constrained devices. As objects in IoT which are constrained basically in design and its use.

Background and objectives: Yoga is a holistic mind‐body practice used for physical and mental health, which is most commonly looked upon by educators as a wellness program for students. This study aims to analyze whether pre-adolescent school students who practiced yoga performed better in attention and memory tasks in comparison with controls that did not practice yoga.Design and interventions: This is a single-center cross-sectional study involving healthy students between grades 3 and 9 (8‐14 years of age) from the same school. Forty students who practiced yoga (yogic breathing and postures) for 30 minutes, 5 days a week in the past 12 months (Y group) were assessed against a control group of 40 students in the same age group (NY group) who were not involved in any yogic practices for differences in scores of trail making tests (TMT), Stroop color task, and digit memory tests. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-test with a confidence interval of 95% and P

Background and Aim Cancer is a devastating disease with a severe impact on the physical and psychological well-being of patients. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been reported in various species of animals including dogs, cats, sheep, and pigs. The present study aimed to study the immunohistochemical and histopathological changes andchemoprotective effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Solanum nigrum on N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced HCC rat model. Materials and Methods Eighty-two male Wistar rats of 15 weeks of age weighing 200-250 g were selected for the experiment. They were randomly divided into ten groups. Group I served as normal control consisted of healthy rats. HCC was induced in Group II, IV, V, VI, VII, and X rats using NDEA as inducing agent followed by phenobarbitone as a promoter for 16 weeks. Group II rats were kept untreated as HCC control. Group III rats were kept as vehicle control (0.05% Sodium bicarbonate). Group IV and V rats were treated with aqueous extract of S. nigrum at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, and Group VI and VII rats were treated with an alcoholic extract of S. nigrum at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, daily orally for 28 days. Group X rats were treated withsorafenib as reference drug at a dose of 11.4 mg/kg daily orally for 28 days. Group VIII and IX rats were kept as aqueous and alcoholic extract control for studying the effect of the same on normal rats. Liver samples were collected to study the gross and histopathological lesions and the activity of cleaved caspase-3 and chemopreventive effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of S. nigrum on HCC. Results The liver sections of rats from HCC control (Group II) showed loss of lobular architecture, necrosis, fatty change, enlarged and darkened nuclei with variable size, dilatation of hepatic sinusoids with Kupffer cell hyperplasia, dilatation and proliferation of bile duct, and intranuclear vacuoles and also showed the presence of more than one nucleolus. Administration of alcoholic extract of S. nigrum and sorafenib to NDEA/phenobarbital-treated rats reduced the severity of lesions in the liver. Immunohistochemical analysis of liver sections for caspase-3-positive cells of hepatic cancer-induced group showed immunoreactivity to rarely few. The immunoreactivity of the hepatocytes treated with a higher dose of alcoholic extract of S. nigrum was limited and was comparable to a standard drug, sorafenib. Conclusion Oral administration of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of S. nigrum for 28 days showed significant rejuvenation in the structure of the liver in the histopathological section in a dose-dependent manner in rats.

There is high demand to reduce the threat level in networks to ensure the data and services offered by them to be more secure. With the ever increasing number and diverse type of attacks, including new and previously unseen attacks, the effectiveness of an Intrusion Detection System is very important. Earlier works deal with the layered approach and conditional random fields (CRFs) for improving the efficiency and accuracy of an intrusion detection system. In this paper we developed an effective test suite using the layered CRFs. We set up different types of checks at multiple levels in each layer. Our framework examines various attributes at every layer in order to effectively identify any breach of security. Once the attack is detected, it is intimated through mobile phone to the system administrator for safe guarding the server system. We establish experimentally that the layered CRFs can be very effective in detecting intrusions when compared with the previously known techniques.