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Abstract Patients recovering from COVID-19 commonly exhibit cognitive and brain alterations, yet the specific neuropathological mechanisms and risk factors underlying these alterations remain elusive. Given the significant global incidence of COVID-19, identifying factors that can distinguish individuals at risk of developing brain alterations is crucial for prioritizing follow-up care. Here, we report findings from a sample of patients consisting of 73 adults with a mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection without signs of respiratory failure and 27 with infections attributed to other agents and no history of COVID-19. The participants underwent cognitive screening, a decision-making task, and MRI evaluations. We assessed for the presence of anosmia and the requirement for hospitalization. Groups did not differ in age or cognitive performance. Patients who presented with anosmia exhibited more impulsive alternative changes after a shift in probabilities (r = − 0.26, p = 0.001), while patients who required hospitalization showed more perseverative choices (r = 0.25, p = 0.003). Anosmia correlated with brain measures, including decreased functional activity during the decision-making task, thinning of cortical thickness in parietal regions, and loss of white matter integrity. Hence, anosmia could be a factor to be considered when identifying at-risk populations for follow-up.

A phenomenon of Anax ephippiger (Burmeister, 1839) aggregation on the coast for the Strait of Gibraltar area, southern Iberian Peninsula, was recorded. Likewise, an annotated list of species recorded in Microreserve Arroyo Negro nearby to the Strait of Gibraltar is presented. Most of the species observed are thermophilic. The environmental and climatic conditions of this microreserve favor the settlement of African migratory species in a global warming scenario.

Summary: Background: Surgical care holds significant importance in healthcare, especially in low and middle-income countries, as at least 50% of the 4.2 million deaths within the initial 30 days following surgery take place in these countries. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed six indicators to enhance surgical care. In Colombia, studies have been made using secondary data. However, strategies to reduce perioperative mortality have not been implemented. This study aims to describe the fourth indicator, perioperative mortality rate (POMR), with primary data in Colombia. Methods: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted across 54 centres (hospitals) in Colombia. Each centre selected a 7-day recruitment period between 05/2022 and 01/2023. Inclusion criteria involved patients over 18 years of age undergoing surgical procedures in operating rooms. Data quality was ensured through a verification guideline and statistical analysis using mixed-effects multilevel modelling with a case mix analysis of mortality by procedure-related, patient-related, and hospital-related conditions. Findings: 3807 patients were included with a median age of 48 (IQR 32–64), 80.3% were classified as ASA I or II, and 27% of the procedures had a low-surgical complexity. Leading procedures were Orthopedics (19.2%) and Gynaecology/Obstetrics (17.7%). According to the Clavien–Dindo scale, postoperative complications were distributed in major complications (11.7%, 10.68–12.76) and any complication (31.6%, 30.09–33.07). POMR stood at 1.9% (1.48–2.37), with elective and emergency surgery mortalities at 0.7% (0.40–1.23) and 3% (2.3–3.89) respectively. Interpretation: The POMR was higher than the ratio reported in previous national studies, even when patients had a low–risk profile and low-complexity procedures. The present research represents significant public health progress with valuable insights for national decision-makers to improve the quality of surgical care. Funding: This work was supported by Universidad del Rosario and Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología grant number CTO-057-2021, project-ID IV-FGV017.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that exhibits a widely heterogeneous range of social and cognitive symptoms. This feature has challenged a broad comprehension of this neurodevelopmental disorder and therapeutic efforts to address its difficulties. Current therapeutic strategies have focused primarily on treating behavioral symptoms rather than on brain psychophysiology. During the past years, the emergence of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques (NIBS) has opened alternatives to the design of potential combined treatments focused on the neurophysiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders like ASD. Such interventions require identifying the key brain mechanisms underlying the symptomatology and cognitive features. Evidence has shown alterations in oscillatory features of the neural ensembles associated with cognitive functions in ASD. In this line, we elaborated a systematic revision of the evidence of alterations in brain oscillations that underlie key cognitive processes that have been shown to be affected in ASD during childhood and adolescence, namely, social cognition, attention, working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. This knowledge could contribute to developing therapies based on NIBS to improve these processes in populations with ASD.

Aeshna affinis, known as “Southern Migrant Hawker, Blue-eyed Hawker” is a native odonate species uncommon in many areas of the Iberian Peninsula. Field observations in Andalusia, the southernmost peninsular region, are notably scarce. Several photographs of one larva of this species, as proof of its reproduction in southern Spain, are provided.

Alcohol and cigarettes are the psychoactive substances that adolescents use most frequently. When both addictions are combined, they carry the worst burden of disease globally. The objective of this study was to identify whether socioeconomic factors correlate with alcohol and tobacco consumption in Mexican adolescents aged 10 years or more and to establish the relationship in the consumption between the two substances. This ecological study utilized data describing alcohol and tobacco consumption among adolescents aged 10–16 years (n = 48,837 ≈ N = 11,621,100). Having ever consumed any alcohol-containing beverage constituted alcohol consumption. Smoking a cigarette within 30 days constituted cigarette consumption. For both variables, the state-level percentages reported in the survey were used. Diverse socioeconomic variables were collected from official sources. Data on the prevalence of tobacco use and alcohol consumption were entered into an Excel database estimated for each of the states of the Mexican Republic, as well as the socioeconomic variables. We performed the analysis using Stata 14. Consumption prevalence was 15.0% for alcohol and 4.2% for tobacco. Alcohol consumption was not correlated with any studied socioeconomic variable (p>0.05). The prevalence of tobacco consumption among elementary school students correlated (p

Tidal energy represents a clean and sustainable source of energy generation that can address renewable energy challenges, especially the global challenge of optimizing alternatives for stable supply. Although tidal stream energy extraction technology is in the early stages of development, it shows great potential compared to other renewable energy sources. The main objective of this research is to provide a digital tool for the optimization of the installation of turbines through fuzzy logic. The methodology in this study includes the design and development of a fuzzy-logic-based tool for this purpose. Design criteria included parameters such as salinity, temperature, currents, depth, and water viscosity, which affect the performance of tidal turbines. These parameters are obtained from the geographic location of the installation. A decision-making system is provided to support the tool. The designed fuzzy logic system evaluates the suitability of different turbine locations and presents the results through graphics and probability of success percentages. The results indicate that currents and temperatures are the most limiting factors in terms of potential turbine locations. The program provides a practical and efficient tool for optimizing the selection of tidal turbines and generating energy from ocean currents. This tool is evaluated and validated through different cases. With this approach, the aim is to encourage the development of tidal energy and its adoption worldwide.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar factores asociados al éxito de las campañas de crowdfunding no financiero en economías emergentes mediante el estudio de 372 proyectos publicados entre 2012 y 2017 en cinco plataformas colombianas. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple generalizado y uno de regresión logística para evaluar la variable dependiente, tanto desde el punto de vista cuantitativo como cualitativo. Las características de los proyectos evaluados se incluyeron como variables explicativas. Los resultados demuestran que la plataforma utilizada, la ubicación del creador, el número de financiadores y las actualizaciones son factores asociados al éxito. Específicamente, en contextos con poco desarrollo de tecnologías de financiamiento, es muy importante el papel de la plataforma como intermediario entre creador y financiador.

El artículo tuvo como objetivo, analizar las prácticas pedagógicas interculturales en los licenciados en formación de la Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad Popular del Cesar. Metodológicamente, se enmarcó en la tradición cualitativa desde una perspectiva fenomenológica, utilizando la entrevista como instrumento para recoger información. Los datos revelaron debilidades en los docentes y en los estudiantes, como informantes del proceso investigativo, sobre su conocimiento del enfoque educativo intercultural. La entrevista evidenció que les otorgan significatividad a las prácticas pedagógicas interculturales en la formación del profesorado. Las conclusiones apuntaron hacia la necesidad de aportar una serie de orientaciones para la acción pedagógica a los fines de potenciar y optimizar las prácticas interculturales que, actualmente, son utilizadas por los docentes y estudiantes, con la finalidad de contribuir al abordaje de la interculturalidad en el escenario educativo.

Tobacco use is associated with diseases worldwide, including cancer. This is one of the major public health problems globally, causing more than 19 million new cases in 2020. Lip and oral cavity cancer (LOCC) is neoplastic growth in the tongue, gums, and lips. The objective of this ecological study was to quantify the strength of the association between incidence and mortality of LOCC, with tobacco use and with the Human Development Index (HDI). Incidence and mortality data on LOCC were obtained for 172 countries in 2020, from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN). The prevalence of tobacco smoking and chewing was obtained from reports conducted in 2019. The inequality in human development was estimated using the HDI from the United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report (2019). Statistically significant correlations were observed between the incidence of LOCC and tobacco smoking and chewing prevalence, except for negative correlations between the prevalence of tobacco smoking LOCC mortality in women, just as in the case of the HDI. No statistically significant differences were found between the prevalence of tobacco chewing only and the incidence of LOCC overall and by sex. A higher LOCC incidence overall and by sex was associated with higher HDI. In conclusion, the present study found positive correlations for various HDI socioeconomic indicators and tobacco use with the incidence and mortality of LOCC, but also a few inverse correlations.

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Las aceleradas y crecientes complejidades en las que estamos inmersos, en la era de las sociedades del conocimiento y de la información, en los órdenes científico-técnico, político, económico, social, ambiental, cultural, le plantean al profesional de la educación la necesidad de elevar su preparación pedagógica, psicológica, sociológica, ideológica, ética, entre otras, para atender la diversidad de problemáticas e imprevistas contingencias, que emergen en su significativa labor cotidiana. En el trabajo se presenta una sistematización como resultado de investigaciones realizadas y aplicadas durante más de cuatro décadas, se muestra el tránsito de un enfoque analítico hacia un enfoque totalizador en las concepciones epistemológicas, se fundamenta un nuevo estilo de pensamiento holístico complejo, interdisciplinar y transdisciplinar cuyos aportes teóricos y metodológicos contribuyen a actualizar y elevar la eficiencia de la actividad pedagógica profesional de los educadores, acordes con las actuales y futuras exigencias profesionales y sociales de este nuevo siglo.

Exuvian records of two species of Anisoptera are presented in an urban setting of a megacity, Paris. This is the first record of successful breeding in standing water from a small, untreated fountain in the gardens of the Palace of Versailles (France).

Introduction: Several regression equations for estimating stature have been used by health professionals in the clinical, nutritional, and forensic practice. However, there is a lack of standardization when taking measures and further population-specific equations are needed. We aimed to develop and validate an equation to estimate stature in adult population using the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK)-standardized measurement Tibiale Mediale-Sphyrion Tibiale (TMST) length. Methodology: A total of 188 Colombian adult women and men (23.1(4.0) years; 165.0(8.5) cm; 62.6(11.5) kg; 22.9(3.0) kg·m-2) participated in this STROBE-based cross-sectional study. Body mass, stature and TMST length were measured according to the ISAK protocol. Participants were randomly assigned to either the equation development group (n=81) or validation group (n=107). The new predictive equation of stature was derived by multiple linear regression analysis using TMST length, age and sex as predictors. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis were performed to assess agreement between the real and estimated stature. Results: The selected predictive equation of stature (R2=0.851; SEE=4.36 cm) did not include the age since this variable did not have statistical influence on the results: 117.156 - (6.245 x Sex) + (1.482 x TMST); sex = 0 for men and 1 for women. ICC (95% CI) of 0.851 (0.788, 0.896) was obtained. The 95% limits-of-agreement between real and estimated stature ranged from 7.00 to -10.28 cm (bias -1.64 cm). Conclusions: This new formula represents an ISAK-standardized, low-cost, and easy-to-apply method to estimate stature in population with mobility limitations (hospitalized, injured athletes, etc.) or in forensic anthropology. However, further external validation is needed.

Este artículo da cuenta de la investigación ‘Estrategias didácticas para el fortalecimiento socioafectivo de los estudiantes de preescolar de la Institución Educativa Rodolfo Castro Castro’ que tuvo como objetivo, promover comportamientos socioafectivos en estudiantes de preescolar a través de estrategias didácticas. Está sustentada teóricamente por Acuña-Collado, Brunner y Elacqua, Cedeño y Ochoa, Godoy y Campoverde, Ocampo, et al., entre otros. Se ubicó en el paradigma postpositivista, con la metodología de Investigación Acción Pedagógica que se desarrolló en tres fases: la deconstrucción, la construcción y la reconstrucción de la práctica, con aplicación de las estrategias didácticas y la validación de la efectividad de la práctica alternativa o reconstruida. La unidad de trabajo fueron 29 estudiantes de preescolar. Los resultados indicaron que la implementación de las estrategias didácticas fue pertinente y eficaz, porque cambió la actitud de los niños, quienes lograron expresar sus emociones y sentimientos; se fortaleció la autoestima, el afianzamiento de las relaciones personales, los valores sociales y hubo cambio de actitud ante el proceso de aprendizaje.

La comprensión lectora es la capacidad que tienen los seres humanos para entender lo que leen. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo, fortalecer la comprensión lectora basada en la hermenéutica bíblica infantil en los estudiantes de cuarto grado de una institución educativa. Metodológicamente, el trabajo está ubicado en el paradigma cualitativo, con enfoque sociocrítico; su método está centrado en la investigación acción pedagógica, desplegado en tres fases: reflexión, planeación, ejecución de acciones alternativas y evaluación de los logros. Para registrar la información se utilizó el diario de campo y la sistematización. Los resultados indicaron que los estudiantes superaron las debilidades referidas a la comprensión de textos bíblicos, porque la hermenéutica bíblica infantil ofreció la oportunidad para reflexionar y relacionar la palabra leída con la vida, concluyendo que los estudiantes lograron comprender los textos leídos, aumentaron su vocabulario y obtuvieron mayor fluidez verbal, realizaron inferencias y conclusiones de los sucesos leídos.

Periodic toothbrushing is the most common, effective, and reliable way to mechanically remove biofilm from oral tissues. The objective of the present study was to determine the association between toothbrushing frequency and socioeconomic position for schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years of age in four cities in Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 Mexican schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years of age from public schools in four Mexican cities. Questionnaires were administered to the parents/guardians of the schoolchildren to obtain the variables included in the study. The dependent variable was toothbrushing frequency, dichotomized as: 0 = less than twice a day and 1 = at least twice a day. The analysis was performed in Stata. The average age of the schoolchildren was 8.9 ± 1.9 years; 50.4% were female. The prevalence of toothbrushing was 52.8% (at least twice a day) (95% CI = 48.4−57.1). In the multivariate model, the variables associated (p < 0.05) with toothbrushing frequency were older age of the schoolchild (OR = 1.14); younger age of the mother (OR = 0.93); being a girl (OR = 1.70); being enrolled in Seguro Popular (OR = 0.69); being in a household that was owned (OR = 2.43); and being a schoolchild who lived in a home that owned a car (OR = 1.31). The prevalence of toothbrushing at least twice a day was just over 50% in these Mexican children. We found demographic and socioeconomic variables to be associated with toothbrushing. Based on socioeconomic variables that were associated with toothbrushing frequency—such as health insurance, home ownership and the household owning a car—the results of the present study confirm the existence of health inequalities in toothbrushing frequency.