Search

The break-up of Yugoslavia in the 1990s resulted in a substantial movement of population within, into and out of the Republic of Croatia. Among these movements between 300,000 and 350,000 Croatian Serbs left their homes in Croatia during the years 1991-1995. The return of these refugees continues to be controversial for Croatia even over ten years after the end of the wars in Croatia and Bosnia. This study evaluates the success of return process of Croatian Serb refugees as well as the main impediments hampering this return. It becomes clear that the return of Serb refugees has not been a success. Key reasons obstructing the return have been lack of security, discriminatory domestic legislation and its application as well as difficulties in housing related issues. One can conclude that the Croatian authorities have not been willing to fully facilitate the return of Croatian Serbs. Apparent failure of domestic and international efforts to promote the return of refugees and displaced persons has left the displacement of Croatian Serb minority largely in place. Judging by the actions of the Croatian authorities it can be deduced that only a resolute response from the international community could have opened a way for successful minority return. For the most part such resoluteness has been missing. Main sources pertaining to this study come about the work of international organisations that have had an extensive field presence in all relevant areas of Croatia for years, namely European Union Monitoring Mission (EUMM) and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). Reporting of these organizations is supplemented to the achievements of various other international actors as well as reports and programs of the Croatian authorities. The time period observed reaches from 1995 to late 2003., Endast sammandrag. Inbundna avhandlingar kan sökas i Helka-databasen (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Elektroniska kopior av avhandlingar finns antingen öppet på nätet eller endast tillgängliga i bibliotekets avhandlingsterminaler., Only abstract. Paper copies of master’s theses are listed in the Helka database (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Electronic copies of master’s theses are either available as open access or only on thesis terminals in the Helsinki University Library., Vain tiivistelmä. Sidottujen gradujen saatavuuden voit tarkistaa Helka-tietokannasta (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Digitaaliset gradut voivat olla luettavissa avoimesti verkossa tai rajoitetusti kirjaston opinnäytekioskeilla.

Objective of the study is to identify feasibility of Vendor-Management Inventory (VMI) in loose beer distribution and define benefit of VMI in loose beer distribution. The study is carried out in Hartwall organization and using case method. Present state of supply chain is explored by present state analysis of nationwide loose beer distribution. Research material is based on deliveries and distribution costs of year 2001. Feasibility of VMI in loose beer distribution is judged by feasibility criteria based on literature. Three different scenarios of VMI implementation created in study based on present state analysis of loose beer distribution. Benefit of VMI in distribution is defined by costs in scenarios compared to costs in present state. Based on study VMI gives opportunity to minimize variation of daily delivery volume and combined with centralized delivery control VMI gives opportunity to increase the use of transportation capacity. VMI together with right combination of transportation resources and centralized delivery control improves efficiency and control in loose beer distribution. Feasibility of Vendor-Management Inventory in Hartwall's loose beer distribution can be considered good, because findings in present state analysis meet VMI's feasibility criteria. Use of VMI reduces delivery costs by 10 %, so based on study it is recommended that Hartwall shift to VMI in loose beer distribution., Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää Vendor-Management Inventory ( VMI ) toimintatavan soveltuvuutta irto-olutjakeluun sekä määritellä VMI toimintatavalla saavutettava hyöty irto-oluen jakelussa. Diplomityö tehdään case -tutkimuksena, jonka kohdeyrityksenä on Oy Hartwall Ab. Tutkimuksessa selvitetään valtakunnallisella irto-olutjakelun analyysilla toimitusketjun nykytila. Tutkimusaineistona käytetään vuonna 2001 toteutuneita toimituksia ja niistä syntyneitä jakelukustannuksia. VMI toimintatavan soveltuvuus irto-olutjakeluun määritellään kirjallisuudessa esitettyjen soveltuvuus kriteerien perusteella. Nykytila-analyysiin pohjautuen tutkimuksessa luodaan kolme erilaista skenaariota VMI -järjestelmän toteuttamisesta. VMI toimintatavalla jakelussa saavutettava hyöty määritellään vertaamalla skenaarioissa muodostuvia kustannuksia nykytilaan. Tutkimuksen perusteella VMI toimintatavalla pystytään tasoittamaan päivittäisten toimitusvolyymien vaihtelua, jolloin yhdistettynä keskitettyyn jakelunohjaukseen voidaan tehostaa kuljetuskaluston kapasiteetin käyttöä. VMI toimintatapa, yhdessä oikeantyyppisen jakelukaluston ja keskitetyn jakelunohjauksen avulla, parantaa irto-olutjakelun tehokkuutta ja ohjattavuutta. VMI toimintatavan soveltuvuutta irto-olutjakelun toimintamalliksi voidaan pitää hyvänä, koska nykytila-analyysissa tehdyt havainnot yhtyvät VMI:n yleisiin soveltuvuus kriteereihin. VMI toimintatavalla irto-oluen vuotuisia jakelukustannuksia voidaan alentaa 10 %, joten tutkimuksen perusteella suositellaan, että Hartwallin irto-olutjakelussa siirrytään VMI toimintatapaan.