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Copyright of African & Mediterranean Journal of Architecture & Urbanism (AMJAU) is the property of Ecole Nationale d'Architecture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new, updated checklist of the bryophytes of Algeria was compiled from the literature. Reports were made mainly by French botanists in the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries and include a total of 498 taxa, of which 477 are at species level and the rest are at infraspecific rank. It comprises three hornwort species, 118 liverwort taxa (113 species), and 377 moss taxa (361 species). For each taxon, literature records and localities explored in the country are provided. The analysis of the current data reveals that Algeria is the Maghreb country with the second-largest number of bryophyte taxa, behind Morocco. As in other Mediterranean countries, hornworts and liverworts are scarce (24.3%), and mosses are dominant (75.7%). Concerning liverworts and hornworts, the family Ricciaceae and genus Riccia (31 taxa) are the best-represented; the aquatic and ephemeral genus Riella (8 taxa) shows the higher number of species in the Mediterranean countries. Regarding mosses, the family Pottiaceae is the largest one, with 107 taxa (28.4% of the moss taxa), and Tortula (22 taxa) is the most species-rich genus. Algeria has, by now, the lowest species/km2 ratio (0.20 × 10-3) compared to the rest of the Maghreb and some European Mediterranean countries (Greece, Italy, and Spain), due not only to the low degree of knowledge of the bryophyte flora but also to the larger surface area of the country and the great extension of the Saharan region. The high percentages of rare or very rare taxa (72.5%) versus the low percentages of frequent, common, and very common (27.5%) can be an indicator that many areas are still underexplored, and that the bryophyte flora of the country cannot be considered well-known. The revision or collection of new samples of some rare or doubtful taxa would be necessary to assess the reliability of some reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of R.A.R.E - Association Roussillonnaise d'Entomologie is the property of Association Roussillonnaise d Entomologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The findings of this study expanded the geographic distribution of the genus Corynecladia J.Agardh, thought to be endemic to Australia. It is recorded for the first time as present in Europe, with two newly proposed species: C. millarii sp. nov. and C. mediterranea sp. nov. New collections belonging to the Laurencia complex were sampled from the Sicilian coasts of Italy. Examination of this material was carried out using both morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast (rbcL) and mitochondrial (COI-5P) nucleotide sequences. The resulting phylogenetic trees divided the Mediterranean specimens into two supported, separate branches, within the genus Corynecladia. Morphological analysis supported placement of these species within Corynecladia and as distinct from other congeners. Specifically, the two new species were conspicuous in the absence of a secondary cortex which is typical of other Corynecladia taxa. Included in this study is a detailed dichotomous key to the Laurencia complex taxa of the Mediterranean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anomobryum apiculatum (Schwägr.) D.Bell & Holyoak is a widespread moss from tropical and subtropical areas of the world. It has been also reported from Europe. However, the recent re-evaluation of those records indicate they have been mistaken with unrelated Bryum Hedw. species and thus, its actual presence in Europe is doubtful. During independent bryological surveys, samples from two distant Mediterranean localities in Spain and Israel were collected. These samples differed from any other Bryaceae Rchb. species reported to date but matched the morphological traits described for A. apiculatum, which is here newly reported for Spain and Israel. A detailed morphological study of specimens from the two localities revealed conspicuous variation at vegetative traits related to leaf arrangement and shape. This variation in vegetative traits contrasted with the similarity of tubers. Plants from both populations showed rhizoidal and axillary tubers of the distinctive features described for A. apiculatum s.l., including their large size (166-359 µm), brown to dark-brown colour and strongly protuberant cells. Tuber traits make A. apiculatum readily distinguishable from all other tuberous species of Bryum s.l. in the Mediterranean, including Ptychostomum rubens (Mitt.) Holyoak & N.Pedersen. This latter species also occurs on disturbed soil, and has axillary and rhizoidal tubers with protuberant cells, but with distinctive red colouration. Its leaves have a conspicuous limbidium, and are dentate in the upper part, contrasting with the entire margin and absence of limbidium in those of A. apiculatum. These traits allow a clear differentiation between both species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France is the property of Societe Zoologique de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture & Dialogue is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Columbretes Islands (eastern Spain) comprise a volcanic archipelago 50 km off the eastern Spanish coast. Illa Grossa is the main island of the archipelago. After the settlement of humans during the mid-19th century, strong modifications in biodiversity took place, including the reduction of the non-flying vertebrate fauna to a single taxon, Podarcis liolepis atratus (Boscá, 1916). The study of the fossils yielded at the COLT site (dated by AMC between 2780-2724 cal BP and 2600-2492 cal BP) from a loess deposit located at the south of Illa Grossa Island shows that this fauna was more diverse in the past. The assemblage was dominated by squamate reptiles, belonging to two lizards (Chalcides bedriagai (Boscá, 1880) and cf. Podarcis Wagler, 1830) and one snake (Vipera cf. latastei Boscá, 1878). The record in the late Holocene of Columbretes of Vipera cf. latastei settles the existing controversy about the identity of snakes in the archipelago. Regarding Chalcides bedriagai, this is the first record of its presence in the Columbretes Islands. Other faunal elements recovered from the site include at least six species of undetermined birds (passeriforms and procellariforms) and the anthropophilic Mus cf. musculus Linnaeus, 1758. The origin of the squamates taxa from Columbretes palaeontological site (COLT) is still unclear, but was probably related to the Late Pleistocene-Greenlandian (11 700 to 8300 BP, Early Holocene) sea transgression, natural passive colonization, and/or human introduction. We hypothesize implications for the conservation and management of the Natural Reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecologia Mediterranea is the property of Ecologia Mediterranea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dori est la capitale de la région du sahel du Burkina Faso, pays n’ayant aucun débouché sur la mer. Cette localité vit au rythme du passage des migrants à destination de la Lybie ou de l’Algérie via le Niger. C’est pour savoir davantage que nous avons initié cette recherche sous le thème : « Quand la route de la méditerranée transite par Dori, une ville du sahel Burkina ». Elle aborde les conditions de vie des migrants en transit et la présence des différentes structures qui œuvrent quotidiennement à offrir un meilleur séjour à ces passants. Cette recherche s’appuie spécifiquement sur des enquêtes de terrain à Dori. Les résultats issus du terrain montrent que les candidats à la migration sont originaires de plusieurs pays (Togo, Benin, Gambie, Sénégal, Côte D’Ivoire). Ces derniers rencontrent des problèmes de santé, d’alimentation, de logement malgré l’accompagnement des ONG, des associations et des agences des Nations Unies.L’objectif est d’analyser les conditions de séjour des migrants en transit vers la méditerranée.

For thousands of years, the Mediterranean area has been a space of roaming and migration. Furthermore, migrants have always been confronted with borders and otherness. Their arduous journey fuelled the imagination of both ancient and contemporary authors. The Ancients’ works include epics of foundation and odysseys telling the return of heroes like Ulysses. They bring out several common and recurrent elements which form the basis of the heroic figure of the ancient migrant. They also convert the Mediterranean basin into an epic space. The contemporary literature inherits this imagination. Well-known writers, like Tunisian Fawzi Mellah and Frenchman Laurent Gaudé, reinvent the migrant’s quest for freedom. They enhance its tragic scope and add a new complexity to this timeless figure and its universe of physical and psychological Mediterranean wandering. In their critical novels of the elusive dreams, improvement and relief are never guaranteed.

Roman populaire, La Vénus d’Asnières s’inscrit dans une tradition vivace depuis la mi-XIXe siècle : celle des « ruines de Paris » illustrée par une abondante littérature qui enregistre fictivement la chute de ce Paris dont Walter Benjamin faisait la « capitale du XIXe siècle », autant dire l’épicentre de la civilisation. Le jeter à bas revient à prendre symboliquement acte d’un malaise dans la civilisation qui remet en cause les piliers sur lesquels elle repose au nombre desquels la mystique du progrès, déclinée dans le scientisme comme dans l’expansionnisme colonial. Projetant, conformément aux canons du genre, dans un futur à plus ou moins longue détente la renaissance de la civilisation, ici relevée par l’Afrique de l’ouest, ce roman piquant use de ce décentrement d’une rive à l’autre de la Méditerranée pour détourner et retourner les codes du roman colonial en une traversée du miroir qui ne laisse pas les certitudes ethnocentriques indemnes.

Stable isotope analyses (d13C and d15N) of human bones have been crucial for understanding the diets of Neolithic societies. However, isotopic measurements of wild and cultivated vegetal resources have not as yet been integrated into reconstructions of human diets. This study explores the isotopic variations in seed and fruit remains from seven Neolithic sites in Southern France. It aims to understand environmental and/or anthropic factors that could influence the isotopic ratios. These data are then included in a dietary model for individuals found at the same sites or nearby. Analysis of botanical remains indicate that similar environments do not provide homogeneous values. For some sites, results suggest different cultivation practices according to species. The dietary models confirm some interpretations previously proposed, including a diversity in the dietary habits at one site. However, some aspects of the diet could have been under-estimated, such as the consumption of wild food plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L’article traite les trajectoires et les profils des imams l’islam transméditerranéen. Il s’appuie sur l’analyse des caractéristiques et des pratiques des imams sénégalais à Marseille et des imams marocains à Bruxelles. L’étude compare les deux expériences religieuses et professionnelles. Si les causes d’ancrage et de mobilités sont différentes chez les deux représentations d’imam, la transmission du discours religieux semble similaire, ce qui permet la comparaison entre les deux contextes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecologia Mediterranea is the property of Ecologia Mediterranea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Synergies Monde Méditerranéen is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of LHB: Hydroscience Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’article met en perspective le regard porté sur l’Orient islamique, et plus précisément sur la ville impériale de Fès au Maroc, par des écrivains coloniaux, héritiers de Loti, les frères Tharaud, et par deux écrivains marocains nés à Fès, Ahmed Sefrioui et Abdellatif Laâbi, dans trois œuvres à caractère autobiographique situées à l’époque du Protectorat français au Maroc : Jérôme et Jean Tharaud, Fez ou les bourgeois de l’Islam (1930), Ahmed Sefrioui, La boîte à merveilles (1954), Abdellatif Laâbi, Le fond de la jarre (2002). Dans une perspective comparatiste, l’article tente de cerner la spécificité de la littérature francophone du Maghreb en regard de la littérature française, abordant conjointement les problèmes énonciatifs et idéologiques de ces œuvres, dans la lignée des travaux sur l’exotisme et les théories postcoloniales, qui ont renouvelé l’approche conceptuelle des littératures francophones, méditerranéennes en particulier.

Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lengas is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La COP 22 (Marrakech, 2016) a fourni aux scientifiques l’occasion de s’interroger sur les conditions d’un dialogue interdisciplinaire autour du changement climatique, notamment à travers le séminaire « Ressources en eau, sociétés et territoires méditerranéens. L’interdisciplinarité pour répondre aux défis du changement climatique », organisé par des équipes de recherche franco-marocaines. La réflexion associant chercheurs, gestionnaires et décideurs s’est déroulée à travers six ateliers centrés sur l’eau comme enjeu environnemental et social : irrigation, territoires de l’eau, gestion intégrée, risques, réutilisation des eaux usées, biens communs. Chacun de ces objets suscite des approches disciplinaires potentiellement complémentaires. Les différents ateliers ont ainsi permis de poser la question du dialogue interdisciplinaire et de réfléchir collectivement aux modalités d’articulation des contributions de chaque discipline.

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ethnobotanical research in Slovenia and Croatia were conducted in 2018-2019, with the aim of documenting the traditional ecological knowledge of local residents and the use of wild and naturalized plants for food, folk medicine, and economic purposes. A total of 248 plant taxa were documented, on average 27 sort of per interview. Used method was in-depth, semi-structured interview. The following number of taxa of wild, naturalized and cultivated plants were recorded in the surveyed municipalities: Izola -- 139, Komen -- 187, Lanišće -- 186 and Mošćenička Draga -- 132. The most frequently mentioned and used species that have edible-medical use are: Taraxacum spp., Urtica dioica, Asparagus acutifolius, Foeniculum vulgare, Ruscus aculeatus, Tamus communis, Rubus caesius and Juniperus communis. Edible that have a high frequency: Cichorium intybus, Sonchus oleraceus and naturalized species that spread wildly Beta vulgaris and Brassica oleracea ssp. bullata. The most commonly used wild fruits are: Rosa canina, Cornus mas and R. caesius. The most common medicinal spices are: Salvia officinalis, Laurus nobilis and J. communis. Residents largely use phytotherapeutic herbs to help treat symptoms: colds Malva sylvestris and Sambucus nigra, sore throat Salvia officinalis, earache Sempervivum tectorum, for faster healing of wounds genus Plantago, against skin warts Ficus carica, against skin diseases Hypericum perforation, pressure Olea europaea, for the stomach Artemisia absinthium and Achillea millefolium, and against diarrhea Sorbus domestica, Rosa canina, etc. The mentioned species are most often used as: herbal tea or decoction, syrup (with sugar), left in oil, as a cooked dish (fritaja) or food additives (spices). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A previous record of the alien crab Callinectes sapidus from the Algerian coasts was based on a photograph provided by a fisherman showing the dorsal side of a single individual. In this contribution, we confirm this presence in the mouth of the Mafragh Estuary in eastern Algeria, where four individuals of this species were found on 19 November 2019. The specimens examined are one female (60 mm CL, 125.9 g) and three males (60-66 mm CL, 120.4-176.8 g). This discovery confirms the presence of this species in the southwestern Mediterranean Basin where it could become invasive in suitable habitats. Résumé: Un précédent signalement du crabe exotique Callinectes sapidus sur les côtes algériennes était basé sur une photographie fournie par un pêcheur, montrant la face dorsale d'un unique individu. Dans cette contribution, nous confirmons cette présence dans l'embouchure de l'estuaire du Mafragh dans l'Est algérien où 4 individus de cette espèce ont été capturés le 19 novembre 2019. Il s'agit d'une femelle (60 mm CL, 125,9 g) et de 3 mâles (60-66 mm CL, 120,4-176,8 g). Cette découverte confirme la présence de cette espèce dans le sud-ouest du bassin méditerranéen où elle pourrait devenir envahissante dans des habitats appropriés. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La crise sanitaire actuelle nous porte à reconsidérer la situation de nos territoires, et de certains petits territoires insulaires enfermés dans la dépendance économique à l’égard de l’extérieur, notamment. Aussi, le cas de la Corse est-il particulier sans l’être. Car il s’agit pour nous tous de reconstruire des bases de vie acceptables à partir de la mémoire des lieux et pour les gens du lieu. Et en se situant à l’échelle locale, faire de la valorisation des ressources naturelles une priorité. C’est de l’idée d’autosuffisance non seulement alimentaire, de résilience, qu’émergeront peut-être de nouvelles manières d’être et de vivre, au cœur même de notre civilisation méditerranéenne.

Copyright of Ler Historia is the property of Ler Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ler Historia is the property of Ler Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Synergies Portugal is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Synergies Monde Méditerranéen is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dans la nouvelle littérature française et francophone, Ezza Agha Malak est une figure emblématique de la littérature du postmodernisme. Directrice de recherches à l’Université libanaise, Médaille du Mérite de l’Éducation parlementaire, Chevalier dans l’ordre des Arts et des Lettres depuis 2012, Officier dans l’ordre des Arts et des lettres depuis 2011, Ezza Agha Malak est détentrice de plusieurs prix et trophées des institutions libanaises. Auteure de plus d’une trentaine d’ouvrages en français, (romans, recueils de poèmes, essais) elle a signé une centaine d’études et d’articles centrés sur des thèmes sociétaux et humanistes. Six ouvrages collectifs examinent son œuvre, réalisés par des chercheurs de tous pays. Son œuvre (traduite en plusieurs langues, notamment en anglais et en arabe) a fait l’objet de plusieurs thèses de doctorat et de mémoires de Master. Abstract: Ezza Agha Malak is a leading figure of French and Francophone contemporary literature. Head of research at the Libanese University, she was the recipient of numerous awards including the Médaille du Mérite de l’Éducation parlementaire and was made Chevalier dans l’ordre des Arts et des Lettres (2012) and Officier dans l’ordre des Arts et des lettres (2011). Ezza Agha Malak is also a prolific writers who authored more than 30 books in French (in genres ranging from poetry to novel) and 100 academic articles. Her work has been the focus of several dissertations and collective books, in addition to being translated in numerous languages including English and Arabic.

Copyright of Ethnologie Française is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Historique (0035-3264) is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Historique (0035-3264) is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article intends to show the network of influences, borrowings and intertextual references in Robert Frost’s long poems–their rewriting of ancient models, forms and myths and their Americanization of the pastoral genre. Our exploration of the Frostian fascination for the ancient Mediterranean world will be based on the poet’s 1961 trip to Israel and Greece and his reappropriation of such a legacy.

Jacques Lacarrière was Lawrence Durrell’s friend and they shared a passion for Mediterranean countries, espacially Greece and Egypt. Lacarrière apprehended spaces by walking, and his texts–his essay, L’Été Grec, as well as his translations from Hérodote and Pausanias—are shaped by this bodily relationship to Mediterranean lands. This essay will explore Lacarrière’s immanent style as a mode of description of Mediterranean lands that can be compared to Durrell’s, Albert Camus’ and Herbert Zbigniew’s own empiric writing, but remains singular, since it is based on sensual and sensitive experiences.