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I examine the citation patterns to a revolutionary scientific paper, Hess’ “History of Ocean Basins”, which played a significant role in the plate tectonics revolution in the geosciences. I test two predictions made by the geoscientist Menard (in Science: growth and change. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1971): (1) that the peak year of citations for Hess’ article will be 1968; and (2) that the rate of citations to the article will then reach some lower level, continuing on accumulating citations at some regular but unimpressive rate. Drawing on data covering the period from 1962 to 2019, I show that Menard was close with respect to the first prediction. But I also show that things are less clear with respect to the second prediction. I explain why the data are less clear with respect to the second prediction.

Subject: description of the current situation in technologies of soil improvement, namely mechanical and hydraulic consolidation of soils and vertical reinforcement of soils for different types of soft soils. Research objectives: demonstration of modern possibilities and approaches to the design and construction of improved soils. Materials and methods: in this paper, we consider such technologies of ground improvement as dynamic compaction, hydraulic consolidation (vertical drain consolidation, Menard vacuum consolidation), vertical reinforcement of soils (CMC - controlled modulus columns). Results: the result of the study is an intuitive representation of the applicability of described technologies for various types of soft soils. Conclusions: the technologies of ground improvement considered in this article are an effective alternative to both pile foundations and soil replacement. To this day, industrial implementation of soil improvement technologies has proved its applicability, efficiency and competitiveness.

International audience; The global prevalence of obesity has been increasing in recent years and is now the major public health challenge worldwide. While the risks of developing metabolic disorders (MD) including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been historically thought to be essentially driven by increased caloric intake and lack of exercise, this is insufficient to account for the observed changes in disease trends. Based on human epidemiological and pre-clinical experimental studies, this overview questioned the role of non-nutritional components as contributors to the epidemic of MD with a special emphasis on food contaminants and social stress. This overview examines the impact of early life adverse events (ELAE) focusing on exposures to food contaminants or social stress on weight gain and T2D occurrence in the offspring and explores potential mechanisms leading to MD in adulthood. Indeed, summing up data on both ELAE models in parallel allowed us to identify common patterns that appear worthwhile to study in MD etiology. This overview provides some evidence of a link between ELAE-induced intestinal barrier disruption, inflammation, epigenetic modifications, and the occurrence of MD. This overview sums up evidence that MD could have developmental origins and that ELAE are risk factors for MD at adulthood independently of nutritional status.

Dentro de las diversas relecturas de la literatura latina "decadente" del fin-de-siècle,Le latin mystique (1892) de Remy de Gourmont ocupa un lugar excepcional, en la medida en que no se trata solamente de un texto crítico sino también de una antología comentada y traducida. Le latin mystique, texto que se plantea como la exploración de una literatura no estudiada por críticos y profesores, es una obra clave para comprender aspectos de la sensibilidad fin-de-siècle y las lecturas "no académicas" que escritores del siglo XX, tales como Ezra Pound o Jorge Luis Borges, harán de la latinidad clásica y medieval. Among the various fin-de-siècle reinterpretations of the 'decadent' latin literature, Le latin mystique (1892) of Remy DE GOURMONT has a singular place, because is not only a critical essay but also an annotated and translated anthology. Le latin mystique, book that reviews a literature supposedly not studied by critics and scholars, is a key text for understanding aspects of the fin-de-siècle sensibility and the 'non-academic' readings that twentieth century writers, like Ezra Pound or Jorge Luis Borges, will make of the classical and medieval latin literature. Fil: Sverdloff, Mariano Javier. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

The Giraud’s pharmacy in Lunel (Hérault) – The historical pharmacy of Lunel definitively disappeared in 2010. The acquisition of labels of this dispensary led us to retrace its history and that of its various owners (Ménard, Giraud, Pignet)., La pharmacie Giraud à Lunel (Hérault) – La pharmacie historique de Lunel a définitivement disparu en 2010. L’acquisition d’étiquettes de cette officine nous ont conduit à retracer son histoire et celle de ses différents titulaires (Ménard, Giraud, Pignet)., Raynal Cécile. La Pharmacie Giraud à Lunel (Hérault). In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 104e année, N. 394, 2017. pp. 303-307.

This thesis considers Jorge Luis Borges’ fascinations with mathematics, between 1929 and 1952. In the first chapter, I argue that Borges sees notions of the infinite, and the mathematics of ‘endlessness’, as means to understand philosophical variations on the self in “tiempo vivo.”[“living time.”] Unreality and paradox occur in the stories in Ficciones because the terms of their narrative worlds are figured totally by some mathematical-philosophical system. In the second chapter, I show how Borges’ idea of tiempo vivo is mathematically and philosophically derived, and how these ideas are linked to reading and perceptual experience in his first fiction. I examine his fiction in relation to his lesser-known nonfiction, arguing that Borges saw mathematical thinking in philosophy as a way of understanding perceptual experience in time, and thereby ‘the reader.’ The experience of reading, the recognition of similarity and difference between texts, is the central problem motivating Borges’ earliest fictional works. Borges understands language in literature, I argue, as mediating the importation of a writer’s past into the reader’s present—perceptual experience coded in one ‘present’ and decoded, differently, in another—evoking some composite perceptual experience, which he analyzes using mathematical series as analogy. Finally, I use these ideas to offer a reading of “A New Refutation of Time.” I suggest that the essay’s summary negation of time is sophistical, but that the reasoning it draws on is not. I think the real purpose of the essay is to argue against understanding time perceptually, the self temporally, perception itself as a mathematical series of percepts, and, ultimately, against conceiving of the self as the sum of what is experienced over time. In closing, I argue that the “refutation of time” refers instead to the power of the written word to evoke in the reader its own ‘present,’ and suspend all others—the tiempo vivo Borges refers to throughout his works.

201 σ., Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο--Μεταπτυχιακή Εργασία. Διεπιστημονικό-Διατμηματικό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών (Δ.Π.Μ.Σ.) “Σχεδιασμός και Κατασκευή Υπόγειων Έργων”, Η συγκεκριμένη εργασία έχει ως σκοπό τη μελέτη της δοκιμής, του πρεσσιομέτρου Ménard, το εύρος χρήσης και επεξεργασίας των αποτελεσμάτων της δοκιμής, και την πρακτική εφαρμογή σε εδάφη Αθήνας και Θεσσαλονίκης. Στην παρούσα εργασία γίνεται, αρχικά, μία ιστορική αναδρομή του Πρεσσιομέτρου, ενώ αναλύονται εκτενώς οι θεωρίες πάνω στις οποίες βασίζεται η πρεσσιομετρική δοκιμή. Από τη δοκιμή αυτή μπορεί κανείς να υπολογίσει αρχικά τις κατά Mohr – Coulomb εδαφικές παραμέτρους, δηλαδή τη συνοχή c και τη γωνία εσωτερικής τριβής φ Έτσι μπορούν στη συνέχεια να υπολογιστούν τα παράγωγα από τη δοκιμή μεγέθη, όπως η φέρουσα ικανότητα και οι καθιζήσεις των θεμελιώσεων, αλλά και οι παραμορφωτικές ιδιότητες, όπως το μέτρο παραμόρφωσης Ε, ο συντελεστής της μεταβολής του όγκου mv και ο συντελεστής στερεοποίησης cv . Ακόμα, δίνεται βάση στον υπολογισμό του συντελεστή ωθήσεων γαιών, σε κατασταση ηρεμίας, K0. Αναφέρονται, στη συνέχεια, οι Ευρωπαϊκές και Ελληνικές Προδιαγραφές πάνω στις οποίες βασίστηκαν οι δοκιμές που έγιναν και οι οποίες στηρίχθηκαν στις ακριβείς οδηγίες εφαρμογής της Πρεσσιομετρικής δοκιμής, τόσο κατά την εκτέλεση αυτής όσο και κατά την επεξεργασία των αποτελεσμάτων. Τέλος, παρουσιάζονται και συναξιολογούνται τα αποτελέσματα πρεσσιομετρικών δοκιμών που έλαβαν χώρα στις περιοχές της Θεσσαλονίκης και της Αθήνας, στα πλαίσια διερεύνησης των γεωτεχνικών συνθηκών που επικρατούν στο υπέδαφος αυτών για την κατασκευή σημαντικών εργών. Παράλληλα λαμβάνονται υπόψη στοιχεία από κοντινές δειγματοληπτικές γεωτρήσεις, καθώς και από επί τόπου και εργαστηριακές δοκιμές, όπως και η γεωλογία της περιοχής, ενώ στη βάση δεδομένων που δημιουργείται, συναξιολογούνται οι βασικές πρεσσιομετρικές καμπύλες και τα παράγωγα από αυτές μεγέθη., This paper aims to explore the test of the pressuremeter Ménard, the range of use and processing of the results of the test and its application to soils in Athens and in Thessaloniki. The present study initially presents a review of the background of the pressuremeter and examines extensively the theories on which the test of the pressuremeter is based upon. This test offers the possibility of calculating the soil parameters according to Mohr – Coulomb, which are the cohesion (c) and the friction angle (φ) of the soils. Therefore, other associated figures can be estimated, like the bearing capacity and settlements of fountation, the deformation properties, the modulus of deformation, the coefficient of volume changes and the coefficient of consolidation. Furthermore, there is an emphasis upon the estimate of the coefficient of earth pressure at rest (K0). The European and Greek Specifications that apply to such kind of tests like the ones carried out for the purposes of this study are introduced as well. The tests that were conducted were based on the exact instructions of application of the pressuremeter test both during their implementation and during their results. Moreover, the presentation and evaluation of the results provided by the executed tests in Athens and Thessaliniki follow with regard to the examination of the geotechnical conditions of the ground at these areas. Such information is useful as it offers a guideline concerning the construction of infrastructure projects at these areas. Further to all these, evidence from nearby sample boreholes were taken into account, as well as data derived from situ and laboratory tests, like for example the geology of the area. The database that was created provides an assessment of the basic pressuremetric curves and other figures correlated., Αναστασία Β. Καραπατή

A simplicidade das condições de fronteira práticas em torno da cavidade de ensaio pressiométrico, permite o uso de técnicas interpretativas algébricas baseadas na teoria da expansão da cavidade cilíndrica, admitindo a homogeneidade do terreno. Para avaliar da importância da heterogeneidade nos resultados do ensaio em terrenos arenosos, começa-se por analisar, para um meio homogéneo, a sensibilidade aos parâmetros do modelo de resistência de Mohr-Coulomb e aos de deformabilidade. Elaborou-se um modelo axissimétrico de deformação plana com o programa FLAC. A hipótese da homogeneidade é seguidamente relaxada com consideração de campos estocásticos gaussianos com correlação espacial dos parâmetros mais influentes. A dependência dos resultados do ensaio pressiométrico relativamente às características daquela variação é, então, avaliada. 7 3 117-126 DG/NT 2010 26 a 29 de Abril

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Neste trabalho, realizou-se a análise de provas de carga executadas em uma sapata quadrada rígida e em um tubulão com base circular, assentes em solo residual de gnaisse, via ensaio pressiométrico de Ménard. As provas de carga foram executadas no campo experimental de fundações, do Departamento de Engenharia Civil, da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Executaram-se estimativas do comportamento das fundações analisadas, via ensaio pressiométrico de Ménard, utilizando-se dos principais métodos propostos para estimativa da capacidade de carga e recalque de fundações rasas e profundas. Os parâmetros, necessários para estas análises, foram obtidos de ensaios pressiométricos do tipo Ménard, executados nas proximidades das estruturas estudadas. Comparando-se os resultados dessas análises com os resultados experimentais, medidos em provas de carga, tendo- se alcançado uma aproximação, razoavelmente, satisfatória. Além disso, procedeu-se um estudo comparativo entre os parâmetros pressiométricos e os obtidos em outros ensaios de campo e laboratório executados por outros autores, com o objetivo de se verificar a validade das correlações disponíveis entre estes ensaios, prevendo-se, adequadamente os resultados experimentais. In this work it was performed the analysis of loading tests carried on a square rigid footing and on a belled pier placed on gneissic residual soil using correlations with Menard pressurometer testing results. The loading tests were performed at the experimental foundation site of the Department of Civil Engineering of the Federal University of Viçosa – MG. The behavior of these foundations were analysed in details though an extensive evaluation of bearing capacity and settlements by several methods proposed in the literature. The necessary parameters were obtained from Menard pressurometer tests performed at the site and close to the studyed foundation structures. The results from these analysys compared well with those measured on the load tests. In addition, an detailded analysis comparing the strength parameters describing the soil behavior and obtained from Menard pressuremeter tests those obtained from other in situ tests such as CPT, SPT and DMT also performed on the site. The objective of this analysis was to verify the validity of some correlations between Menard pressuremeter test results and those in situ tests for the typical gnessic residual soil found at the experimental foundations site.