143 results on '"Mérida-García A"'
Search Results
2. High-throughput phenotyping using hyperspectral indicators supports the genetic dissection of yield in durum wheat grown under heat and drought stress
- Author
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Rosa Mérida-García, Sergio Gálvez, Ignacio Solís, Fernando Martínez-Moreno, Carlos Camino, Jose Miguel Soriano, Carolina Sansaloni, Karim Ammar, Alison R. Bentley, Victoria Gonzalez-Dugo, Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada, and Pilar Hernandez
- Subjects
durum wheat ,heat ,drought ,stress ,HTP ,yield ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
High-throughput phenotyping (HTP) provides new opportunities for efficiently dissecting the genetic basis of drought-adaptive traits, which is essential in current wheat breeding programs. The combined use of HTP and genome-wide association (GWAS) approaches has been useful in the assessment of complex traits such as yield, under field stress conditions including heat and drought. The aim of this study was to identify molecular markers associated with yield (YLD) in elite durum wheat that could be explained using hyperspectral indices (HSIs) under drought field conditions in Mediterranean environments in Southern Spain. The HSIs were obtained from hyperspectral imagery collected during the pre-anthesis and anthesis crop stages using an airborne platform. A panel of 536 durum wheat lines were genotyped by sequencing (GBS, DArTseq) to determine population structure, revealing a lack of genetic structure in the breeding germplasm. The material was phenotyped for YLD and 19 HSIs for six growing seasons under drought field conditions at two locations in Andalusia, in southern Spain. GWAS analysis identified 740 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) across all the durum wheat chromosomes, several of which were common for YLD and the HSIs, and can potentially be integrated into breeding programs. Candidate gene (CG) analysis uncovered genes related to important plant processes such as photosynthesis, regulatory biological processes, and plant abiotic stress tolerance. These results are novel in that they combine high-resolution hyperspectral imaging at the field scale with GWAS analysis in wheat. They also support the use of HSIs as useful tools for identifying chromosomal regions related to the heat and drought stress response in wheat, and pave the way for the integration of field HTP in wheat breeding programs.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Efficacy and safety of chemotherapy in young patients with advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: data from the Spanish AGAMENON-SEOM registry
- Author
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Pérez-Wert, Pablo, Custodio, Ana, Jimenez-Fonseca, Paula, Carmona-Bayonas, Alberto, Lecumberri, Arturo, Cacho Lavin, Diego, Losantos García, Itsaso, Fernández Montes, Ana, Cano, Juana María, Limón, María Luisa, Hernández San Gil, Raquel, Diez, Marc, Vidal Tocino, Rosario, Macías Declara, Ismael, Visa, Laura, Pimentel Cáceres, Paola, Gil Raga, Mireia, Martínez Moreno, Elia, Sauri, Tamara, Martín Richard, Marta, Granja, Mónica, Cerdà, Paula, Gómez González, Lucía, Mérida-García, Antonio, Ruiz Martín, Maribel, and Gallego, Javier
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
4. An economic and environmental optimization model for sizing a hybrid renewable energy and battery storage system in off-grid farms
- Author
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Mérida García, Aida, Gallagher, John, Rodríguez Díaz, Juan Antonio, and McNabola, Aonghus
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
5. The environmental and economic benefits of a hybrid hydropower energy recovery and solar energy system (PAT-PV), under varying energy demands in the agricultural sector
- Author
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Merida García, A., Gallagher, J., Crespo Chacón, M., and Mc Nabola, A.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. High-throughput phenotyping using hyperspectral indicators supports the genetic dissection of yield in durum wheat grown under heat and drought stress.
- Author
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Mérida-García, Rosa, Gálvez, Sergio, Solís, Ignacio, Martínez-Moreno, Fernando, Camino, Carlos, Soriano, Jose Miguel, Sansaloni, Carolina, Ammar, Karim, Bentley, Alison R., Gonzalez-Dugo, Victoria, Zarco-Tejada, Pablo J., and Hernandez, Pilar
- Subjects
WHEAT farming ,GENOME-wide association studies ,PLANT yields ,YIELD stress ,ABIOTIC stress ,DURUM wheat ,WHEAT breeding ,DROUGHT tolerance - Abstract
High-throughput phenotyping (HTP) provides new opportunities for efficiently dissecting the genetic basis of drought-adaptive traits, which is essential in current wheat breeding programs. The combined use of HTP and genome-wide association (GWAS) approaches has been useful in the assessment of complex traits such as yield, under field stress conditions including heat and drought. The aim of this study was to identify molecular markers associated with yield (YLD) in elite durum wheat that could be explained using hyperspectral indices (HSIs) under drought field conditions in Mediterranean environments in Southern Spain. The HSIs were obtained from hyperspectral imagery collected during the pre-anthesis and anthesis crop stages using an airborne platform. A panel of 536 durum wheat lines were genotyped by sequencing (GBS, DArTseq) to determine population structure, revealing a lack of genetic structure in the breeding germplasm. The material was phenotyped for YLD and 19 HSIs for six growing seasons under drought field conditions at two locations in Andalusia, in southern Spain. GWAS analysis identified 740 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) across all the durum wheat chromosomes, several of which were common for YLD and the HSIs, and can potentially be integrated into breeding programs. Candidate gene (CG) analysis uncovered genes related to important plant processes such as photosynthesis, regulatory biological processes, and plant abiotic stress tolerance. These results are novel in that they combine high-resolution hyperspectral imaging at the field scale with GWAS analysis in wheat. They also support the use of HSIs as useful tools for identifying chromosomal regions related to the heat and drought stress response in wheat, and pave the way for the integration of field HTP in wheat breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The juxta-oral organ of Chievitz (organum yuxtaorale) updated: Embryology, anatomy, function and pathology
- Author
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Suárez-Quintanilla, J., Martín-Cruces, J., Martín-Biedma, B., Cobo, J.L., Mérida-García, A.J., de Vicente, J.C., Junquera, L.M., Mérida-Velasco, J.R., and Vega, J.A.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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8. Caracterización del órgano yuxtaoral
- Author
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Mérida Velasco, José Ramón, Vega Álvarez, José Antonio, Mérida García, Antonio José, Mérida Velasco, José Ramón, Vega Álvarez, José Antonio, and Mérida García, Antonio José
- Abstract
El órgano yuxtaoral (JOO) es una estructura constante, bilateral, que se sitúa en la región infratemporal. A pesar de haber sido descrito hace 137 años por Johan Henrik Chievitz, son muy escasos los trabajos que se han llevado a cabo para estudiarlo, por lo que algunos aspectos de su morfología, organización y función aún hoy en día no están totalmente aclarados. El parénquima del JOO deriva del epitelio de la boca primitiva, del que se desconecta durante el desarrollo. En ratas, el mesénquima que constituye su estroma parece derivar de las células de la cresta neural. Además, está localizado en la región de los músculos masticadores y está −desde el comienzo de su desarrollo− en relación con el nervio bucal, del que recibe inervación. En adultos, tiene forma fusiforme de 7-17 mm de longitud y 2 mm de grosor, aproximadamente. Su aspecto macroscópico es el de una fibra conectiva o un filete nervioso. Su extremo posterior se dispone entre el músculo pterigoideo medial y el rafepterigo mandibular. Su extremo anterior, entre la mandíbula y el músculo buccinador, caudal a la desembocadura del conducto parotídeo. Está inervado por 2-4 filetes nerviosos del nervio bucal. A pesar de esta exhaustiva descripción hay confusión en su localización, ya que la mayoría de los estudios se han realizado sobre piezas de biopsias de la región..., The juxtaoral organ (JOO) is a constant, bilateral structure located in the infratemporal region. Although it was described 137 years ago by Johan Henrik Chievitz, little work has been done to study it in detail, so that some aspects of its morphology, organization and function are still not fully elucidated. The parenchyma of the JOO is derived from the epithelium of the primitive mouth, from which it is disconnected during development. In rats, the mesenchyme that constitutes its stroma appears to be derived from neural crest cells. Furthermore, it is located in the region of the masticatory muscles and is - from the beginning of its development - in relation to the buccal nerve, from which it receives innervation. In adults, it is fusiform in shape, approximately 7-17 mm long and 2 mm thick. Its macroscopic appearance is that of a connective fiber or nerve fillet. Its posterior end lies between the medial pterygoid muscle and the pterygomandibular raphe. Its anterior end, between the mandible and the buccinator muscle, caudal to the mouth of the parotid duct. It is innervated by 2-4 nerve fibers of the buccal nerve. Despite this exhaustive description, there is confusion as to its location, as most studies have been performed on biopsy specimens from the region...
- Published
- 2024
9. Comparing the environmental and economic impacts of on- or off-grid solar photovoltaics with traditional energy sources for rural irrigation systems
- Author
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Mérida García, A., Gallagher, J., McNabola, A., Camacho Poyato, E., Montesinos Barrios, P., and Rodríguez Díaz, J.A.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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10. The Role of Micro-Hydropower Energy Recovery in the Water-Energy-Food Nexus
- Author
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Aonghus McNabola, Aida Mérida García, and Juan Antonio Rodríguez Díaz
- Subjects
hidden hydropower ,water-energy-food nexus ,climate change ,micro-hydropower ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The potential for the generation of pico- and micro-hydropower through hydraulic energy recovery has been demonstrated across many sectors of the water-energy-food nexus, often termed hidden hydropower. The potential to recover energy from hidden hydropower in water supply, crop production, food processing, and energy production has been demonstrated via numerous in-depth case studies, regional assessments, and physical experiments. This paper presents a holistic overview of the potential role and impacts of micro-hydropower energy recovery on the water-energy-food nexus in the context of climate change. The paper comprises a review and synthesis of the available literature. The paper outlines the potential impacts of hidden hydropower on cost of water supply, energy and food production, considering also the potential impacts on crop yield and food supply. Policy and technological barriers to the exploitation of hidden hydropower resources within the nexus are outlined and recommendations to overcome these are provided. The results of this investigation highlight the potential of micro-hydropower energy recovery in water systems to reduce energy consumption by 0.005–3.7% across various sectors and regions, with consequent impacts in the operating and consumer costs of food, water and energy, as well as on the CO2 emissions of these activities. This hidden hydropower has the potential to ease the pressures of the water-energy-food nexus and is an important element of the route towards sustainability within the nexus.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Coupling irrigation scheduling with solar energy production in a smart irrigation management system
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Mérida García, A., Fernández García, I., Camacho Poyato, E., Montesinos Barrios, P., and Rodríguez Díaz, J.A.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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12. Hotspots in the genomic architecture of field drought responses in wheat as breeding targets
- Author
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Gálvez, Sergio, Mérida-García, Rosa, Camino, Carlos, Borrill, Philippa, Abrouk, Michael, Ramírez-González, Ricardo H., Biyiklioglu, Sezgi, Amil-Ruiz, Francisco, The IWGSC, Dorado, Gabriel, Budak, Hikmet, Gonzalez-Dugo, Victoria, Zarco-Tejada, Pablo J., Appels, Rudi, Uauy, Cristobal, and Hernandez, Pilar
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Decision Support Tool for the Optimal Sizing of Solar Irrigation Systems
- Author
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Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo, Sarr, Aminata, Mérida-García, Aida, Diop, Lamine, Mateos, Luciano, Lamaddalena, Nicola, Rodríguez-Díaz, Juan A., Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo, Sarr, Aminata, Mérida-García, Aida, Diop, Lamine, Mateos, Luciano, Lamaddalena, Nicola, and Rodríguez-Díaz, Juan A.
- Abstract
Solar photovoltaic (PV) irrigation is increasingly used in agriculture, driven by its low operation cost and virtually zero emissions, providing electricity access in rural areas. However, the high investment cost requires an optimal design. The objective of this work was to develop a user-friendly tool to optimally size a PV generator that satisfies crop irrigation needs under local constrictions. The ODSIS (Optimal Design of Solar Irrigation System) tool, was organized in three calculation modules, preceded by two complements, which determine the daily crop irrigation needs and power demand of the pumping system. Then, the first module sizes the PV plant, considering a multiplication factor, and provides the PV production potential throughout each day of the season. The second and third modules evaluate the total investment cost and equivalent greenhouse gas emissions avoided by comparison with traditional energy sources. This tool was applied to a case study in Senegal for which a multiplication factor of 1.4 was obtained for the optimal PV plant size. Between 22% to 64% of the investment cost corresponded to the PV pumping system, depending on the irrigation technique. The use of PV energy in the case study would represent an annual economic saving for the farmer after 5 to 8 years of payback period, avoiding the emission of between 29.8 and 37.9 tCO2eq/year for the case study area.
- Published
- 2023
14. High Resolution Melting and Insertion Site-Based Polymorphism Markers for Wheat Variability Analysis and Candidate Genes Selection at Drought and Heat MQTL Loci
- Author
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Rosa Mérida-García, Sergio Gálvez, Etienne Paux, Gabriel Dorado, Laura Pascual, Patricia Giraldo, and Pilar Hernandez
- Subjects
high resolution melting ,ISBP markers ,drought ,candidate genes ,QTL ,MQTL ,Agriculture - Abstract
The practical use of molecular markers is facilitated by cost-effective detection techniques. In this work, wheat insertion site-based polymorphisms (ISBP) markers were set up for genotyping using high-resolution melting analysis (HRM). Polymorphic HRM-ISBP assays were developed for wheat chromosomes 4A and 3B and used for wheat variability assessment. The marker sequences were mapped against the wheat genome reference sequence, targeting interesting genes. Those genes were located within or in proximity to previously described quantitative trait loci (QTL) or meta-quantitative trait loci (MQTL) for drought and heat stress tolerance, and also yield and yield related traits. Eighteen of the markers used tagged drought related genes and, interestingly, eight of the genes were differentially expressed under different abiotic stress conditions. These results confirmed HRM as a cost-effective and efficient tool for wheat breeding programs.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Genetic dissection of agronomic and quality traits based on association mapping and genomic selection approaches in durum wheat grown in Southern Spain.
- Author
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Rosa Mérida-García, Guozheng Liu, Sang He, Victoria Gonzalez-Dugo, Gabriel Dorado, Sergio Gálvez, Ignacio Solís, Pablo J Zarco-Tejada, Jochen C Reif, and Pilar Hernandez
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Climatic conditions affect the growth, development and final crop production. As wheat is of paramount importance as a staple crop in the human diet, there is a growing need to study its abiotic stress adaptation through the performance of key breeding traits. New and complementary approaches, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS), are used for the dissection of different agronomic traits. The present study focused on the dissection of agronomic and quality traits of interest (initial agronomic score, yield, gluten index, sedimentation index, specific weight, whole grain protein and yellow colour) assessed in a panel of 179 durum wheat lines (Triticum durum Desf.), grown under rainfed conditions in different Mediterranean environments in Southern Spain (Andalusia). The findings show a total of 37 marker-trait associations (MTAs) which affect phenotype expression for three quality traits (specific weight, gluten and sedimentation indexes). MTAs could be mapped on the A and B durum wheat subgenomes (on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B and 3A) through the recently available bread wheat reference assembly (IWGSC RefSeqv1). Two of the MTAs found for quality traits (gluten index and SDS) corresponded to the known Glu-B1 and Glu-A1 loci, for which candidate genes corresponding to high molecular weight glutenin subunits could be located. The GS prediction ability values obtained from the breeding materials analyzed showed promising results for traits as grain protein content, sedimentation and gluten indexes, which can be used in plant breeding programs.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Decision Support Tool for the Optimal Sizing of Solar Irrigation Systems
- Author
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Aminata Sarr, Aida Mérida-García, Lamine Diop, Luciano Mateos, Nicola Lamaddalena, and Juan Antonio Rodríguez-Díaz
- Subjects
PV energy production ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Manual and drip irrigation ,Greenhouse gas emissions ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Bioengineering ,Investment cost ,investment cost ,greenhouse gas emissions ,sizing optimization tool ,manual and drip irrigation ,Sizing optimization tool - Abstract
Solar photovoltaic (PV) irrigation is increasingly used in agriculture, driven by its low operation cost and virtually zero emissions, providing electricity access in rural areas. However, the high investment cost requires an optimal design. The objective of this work was to develop a user-friendly tool to optimally size a PV generator that satisfies crop irrigation needs under local constrictions. The ODSIS (Optimal Design of Solar Irrigation System) tool, was organized in three calculation modules, preceded by two complements, which determine the daily crop irrigation needs and power demand of the pumping system. Then, the first module sizes the PV plant, considering a multiplication factor, and provides the PV production potential throughout each day of the season. The second and third modules evaluate the total investment cost and equivalent greenhouse gas emissions avoided by comparison with traditional energy sources. This tool was applied to a case study in Senegal for which a multiplication factor of 1.4 was obtained for the optimal PV plant size. Between 22% to 64% of the investment cost corresponded to the PV pumping system, depending on the irrigation technique. The use of PV energy in the case study would represent an annual economic saving for the farmer after 5 to 8 years of payback period, avoiding the emission of between 29.8 and 37.9 tCO2eq/year for the case study area.
- Published
- 2023
17. Decision Support Tool for the Optimal Sizing of Solar Irrigation Systems
- Author
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Sarr, Aminata, primary, Mérida-García, Aida, additional, Diop, Lamine, additional, Mateos, Luciano, additional, Lamaddalena, Nicola, additional, and Rodríguez-Díaz, Juan Antonio, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. The Role of Micro-Hydropower Energy Recovery in the Water-Energy-Food Nexus †.
- Author
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McNabola, Aonghus, Mérida García, Aida, and Rodríguez Díaz, Juan Antonio
- Subjects
WATER power ,WATER supply management ,HYDRAULICS ,CROP yields ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
The potential for the generation of pico- and micro-hydropower through hydraulic energy recovery has been demonstrated across many sectors of the water-energy-food nexus, often termed hidden hydropower. The potential to recover energy from hidden hydropower in water supply, crop production, food processing, and energy production has been demonstrated via numerous in-depth case studies, regional assessments, and physical experiments. This paper presents a holistic overview of the potential role and impacts of micro-hydropower energy recovery on the water-energy-food nexus in the context of climate change. The paper comprises a review and synthesis of the available literature. The paper outlines the potential impacts of hidden hydropower on cost of water supply, energy and food production, considering also the potential impacts on crop yield and food supply. Policy and technological barriers to the exploitation of hidden hydropower resources within the nexus are outlined and recommendations to overcome these are provided. The results of this investigation highlight the potential of micro-hydropower energy recovery in water systems to reduce energy consumption by 0.005–3.7% across various sectors and regions, with consequent impacts in the operating and consumer costs of food, water and energy, as well as on the CO
2 emissions of these activities. This hidden hydropower has the potential to ease the pressures of the water-energy-food nexus and is an important element of the route towards sustainability within the nexus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. List of Contributors
- Author
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Abrisqueta, Isabel, primary, Alarcón Cabañero, Juan José, additional, Balda, Pedro, additional, Barrios, Pilar M., additional, Bayona Gambín, Jose María, additional, Besada, Cristina, additional, Bonet, Luis, additional, Bota, Josefina, additional, Campostrini, Eliemar, additional, Carbonell-Barrachina, Angel, additional, Cárceles Rodríguez, Belén, additional, Centeno, Ana, additional, Chaves, Maria M., additional, Collado-González, Jacinta, additional, Conejero, Wenceslao, additional, Corell, Mireia, additional, Costa, Joaquim M., additional, Couceiro, José Francisco, additional, Cruz-Blanco, María, additional, Cruz, Zulma N., additional, Cuevas, María V., additional, da Silva, Jefferson R., additional, de Paz, José M., additional, Diaz-Espejo, Antonio, additional, Durán Zuazo, Víctor H., additional, Egea, Gregorio, additional, Egipto, Ricardo, additional, Escalona, José M., additional, Fernández, José E., additional, Fernández, Victoria, additional, Fernández García, Irene, additional, Flexas, Jaume, additional, Francia Martínez, José R., additional, Franco Tarifa, Dionisio, additional, Gabaldón-Leal, Clara, additional, Galindo, Alejandro, additional, Gálvez Ruíz, Baltasar, additional, García, José M., additional, García Morillo, J., additional, García Tejero, Iván F., additional, Garrote, Luis, additional, Gijón-López, María del Carmen, additional, Girón, Ignacio F., additional, González, Julián C., additional, González Perea, R., additional, Hernandez-Santana, Virginia, additional, Hernández, Francisca, additional, Iglesias, Ana, additional, Intrigliolo, Diego S., additional, Lima, Roberta S.N., additional, Lopes, Carlos M., additional, Lorite, Ignacio J., additional, Maestre Valero, Jose Francisco, additional, Martín-Palomo, María J., additional, Medina, Sonia, additional, Medrano, Hipólito, additional, Memmi, Houssem, additional, Mérida García, Aida, additional, Misra, Chandra S., additional, Montes, Esther, additional, Moreno, Marta Maria, additional, Moriana, Alfonso, additional, Nadal, Miquel, additional, Nicolás, Emilio, additional, Noguera-Artiaga, Luis, additional, Nortes Tortosa, Pedro Antonio, additional, Padilla-Díaz, Carmen M., additional, Parra, Margarita, additional, Pedrero Salcedo, Francisco, additional, Pérez-López, David, additional, Perez-Martin, Alfonso, additional, Pinheiro, Carla, additional, Porras, Rafael, additional, Pou, Alicia, additional, Poyato, Emilio C., additional, Ramalho, José D.C., additional, Rodrigues, Weverton P., additional, Rodriguez-Dominguez, Celia M., additional, Rodríguez, Pedro, additional, Rodríguez Díaz, Juan A., additional, Rodríguez Pleguezuelo, Carmen R., additional, Romero, Rafael, additional, Romero Trigueros, Cristina, additional, Rubio, José S., additional, Ruiz-Ramos, Margarita, additional, Ruiz-Sánchez, María C., additional, Santos, Cristina, additional, Schaffer, Bruce, additional, Silvestre, José, additional, Torrecillas, Arturo, additional, Torres-Ruiz, Jose M., additional, Tortosa, Ignacio, additional, Vera, Juan, additional, Visconti, Fernando, additional, and Zarrouk, Olfa, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Structure of Large Garlic (Allium sativum) Germplasm Bank, by Diversity Arrays Technology 'Genotyping-by-Sequencing' Platform (DArTseq)
- Author
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Leticia A. Egea, Rosa Mérida-García, Andrzej Kilian, Pilar Hernandez, and Gabriel Dorado
- Subjects
DNA fingerprinting ,breeding ,phenotype ,somatic mutation ,second-generation sequencing (SGS) ,third-generation sequencing (TGS) ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is used worldwide in cooking and industry, including pharmacology/medicine and cosmetics, for its interesting properties. Identifying redundancies in germplasm blanks to generate core collections is a major concern, mostly in large stocks, in order to reduce space and maintenance costs. Yet, similar appearance and phenotypic plasticity of garlic varieties hinder their morphological classification. Molecular studies are challenging, due to the large and expected complex genome of this species, with asexual reproduction. Classical molecular markers, like isozymes, RAPD, SSR, or AFLP, are not convenient to generate germplasm core-collections for this species. The recent emergence of high-throughput genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approaches, like DArTseq, allow to overcome such limitations to characterize and protect genetic diversity. Therefore, such technology was used in this work to: (i) assess genetic diversity and structure of a large garlic-germplasm bank (417 accessions); (ii) create a core collection; (iii) relate genotype to agronomical features; and (iv) describe a cost-effective method to manage genetic diversity in garlic-germplasm banks. Hierarchical-cluster analysis, principal-coordinates analysis and STRUCTURE showed general consistency, generating three main garlic-groups, mostly determined by variety and geographical origin. In addition, high-resolution genotyping identified 286 unique and 131 redundant accessions, used to select a reduced size germplasm-bank core collection. This demonstrates that DArTseq is a cost-effective method to analyze species with large and expected complex genomes, like garlic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of high-throughput genotyping of a large garlic germplasm. This is particularly interesting for garlic adaptation and improvement, to fight biotic and abiotic stresses, in the current context of climate change and global warming.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Mapping Agronomic and Quality Traits in Elite Durum Wheat Lines under Differing Water Regimes
- Author
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Rosa Mérida-García, Alison R. Bentley, Sergio Gálvez, Gabriel Dorado, Ignacio Solís, Karim Ammar, and Pilar Hernandez
- Subjects
durum wheat ,genome wide association study ,gwas water use ,agronomic traits ,mtas ,candidate genes ,tkw ,sedimentation volume ,sds ,yr ,Agriculture - Abstract
Final grain production and quality in durum wheat are affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. The association mapping (AM) approach is useful for dissecting the genetic control of quantitative traits, with the aim of increasing final wheat production under stress conditions. In this study, we used AM analyses to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying agronomic and quality traits in a collection of 294 elite durum wheat lines from CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), grown under different water regimes over four growing seasons. Thirty-seven significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were detected for sedimentation volume (SV) and thousand kernel weight (TKW), located on chromosomes 1B and 2A, respectively. The QTL loci found were then confirmed with several AM analyses, which revealed 12 sedimentation index (SDS) MTAs and two additional loci for SV (4A) and yellow rust (1B). A candidate gene analysis of the identified genomic regions detected a cluster of 25 genes encoding blue copper proteins in chromosome 1B, with homoeologs in the two durum wheat subgenomes, and an ubiquinone biosynthesis O-methyltransferase gene. On chromosome 2A, several genes related to photosynthetic processes and metabolic pathways were found in proximity to the markers associated with TKW. These results are of potential use for subsequent application in marker-assisted durum wheat-breeding programs.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The Role of Micro-Hydropower Energy Recovery in the Water-Energy-Food Nexus
- Author
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McNabola, Aonghus, primary, Mérida García, Aida, additional, and Rodríguez Díaz, Juan Antonio, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Risk factors associated with Clostridium difficile infection in adult oncology patients
- Author
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Rodríguez Garzotto, Analia, Mérida García, Antonio, Muñoz Unceta, Nerea, Galera Lopez, M. Mar, Orellana-Miguel, M. Ángeles, Díaz-García, C. Vanesa, Cortijo-Cascajares, Susana, Cortes-Funes, Hernán, and Agulló-Ortuño, M. Teresa
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. IKKα Induces Epithelial–Mesenchymal Changes in Mouse Skin Carcinoma Cells That Can Be Partially Reversed by Apigenin
- Author
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García-García, Verónica A., primary, Alameda, Josefa P., additional, Page, Angustias, additional, Mérida-García, Antonio, additional, Navarro, Manuel, additional, Tejero, Adrián, additional, Paramio, Jesús M., additional, García-Fernández, Rosa A., additional, and Casanova, M. Llanos, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. IKKα Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Changes in Mouse Skin Carcinoma Cells That Can Be Partially Reversed by Apigenin
- Author
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Verónica A. García-García, Josefa P. Alameda, Angustias Page, Antonio Mérida-García, Manuel Navarro, Adrián Tejero, Jesús M. Paramio, Rosa A. García-Fernández, and M. Llanos Casanova
- Subjects
skin carcinoma cells ,Keratinocytes ,Cytoplasm ,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ,Skin Neoplasms ,cell migration ,QH301-705.5 ,IKKα ,Gene Expression ,environment and public health ,cell survival ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Mice ,Cell Movement ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Animals ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Biology (General) ,Apigenin ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Molecular Biology ,QD1-999 ,Spectroscopy ,Skin ,Cell Nucleus ,Organic Chemistry ,Carcinoma ,General Medicine ,Computer Science Applications ,I-kappa B Kinase ,EMT changes ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,enzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates) ,Chemistry ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,apigenin ,biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
NMSC (non-melanoma skin cancer) is a common tumor in the Caucasian population, accounting for 90% of skin cancers. Among them, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) can metastasize and, due to its high incidence, constitute a severe health problem. It has been suggested that cutaneous SCCs with more risk to metastasize express high levels of nuclear IKKα. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to this enhanced aggressiveness are largely unknown. To understand in depth the influence of nuclear IKKα in skin SCC progression, we have generated murine PDVC57 skin carcinoma cells expressing exogenous IKKα either in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm to further distinguish the tumor properties of IKKα in both localizations. Our results show that IKKα promotes changes in both subcellular compartments, resembling EMT (epithelial–mesenchymal transition), which are more pronounced when IKKα is in the nucleus of these tumor cells. These EMT-related changes include a shift toward a migratory phenotype and induction of the expression of proteins involved in cell matrix degradation, cell survival and resistance to apoptosis. Additionally, we have found that apigenin, a flavonoid with anti-cancer properties, inhibits the expression of IKKα and attenuates most of the pro-tumoral EMT changes induced by IKKα in mouse tumor keratinocytes. Nevertheless, we have found that apigenin only inhibits the expression of the IKKα protein when it is localized in the cytoplasm.
- Published
- 2021
26. Functional hypothesis of the juxtaoral organ: Role of collagen types I and III.
- Author
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Mérida‐García, Antonio José, Murillo‐González, Jorge, Martínez‐Sanz, Elena, Catón, Javier, Arráez‐Aybar, Luis A., Martín‐Cruces, José, Cobo, Teresa, Vega, José Antonio, and Mérida‐Velasco, José Ramón
- Subjects
- *
COLLAGEN , *IMMUNOCHEMISTRY , *CHEEK , *CONNECTIVE tissues , *EPITHELIAL cells - Abstract
The article presents the discussion on juxtaoral organ (JOO) being first described in human embryos. Topics include JOO consisting of parenchyma formed by nests of non-keratinizing squamous epithelial cells surrounded by two layers or strata of connective tissue that form the stroma; and analysing the immunoexpression of collagen types I and III and its disposition.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Functional hypothesis of the juxtaoral organ: Role of collagen types I and III
- Author
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Jorge Murillo-González, Elena Martínez-Sanz, José A. Vega, J.R. Mérida-Velasco, Javier Catón, Antonio José Mérida-García, Luis A. Arráez-Aybar, Teresa Cobo, and José Martín-Cruces
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Biología molecular ,Otorhinolaryngology ,medicine ,Immunohistochemistry ,Biology ,Anatomía ,General Dentistry ,Otorrinolaringología - Abstract
This work was partially supported by grant number PR87/19-22587 from Santander Bank/Complutense University of Madrid
- Published
- 2021
28. Author response for 'Functional hypothesis of the juxtaoral organ: role of collagens type I and III'
- Author
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J.R. Mérida-Velasco, Javier Catón, Antonio José Mérida-García, Jorge Murillo-González, Teresa Cobo, Luis A. Arráez-Aybar, Elena Martínez-Sanz, José Martín-Cruces, and José A. Vega
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Biology - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. GWAs in Durum wheat identified new genomic regions related with root system architecture
- Author
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Pascual, Laura, González, J. M., García-Abadillo, J., Loarce, Y., Mérida-García, Rosa, Hernández Molina, Pilar, Giraldo, Patricia, Ruiz, Manuel, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
- Abstract
Trabajo presentado en el XLII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Genética (SEG2021), celebrado online del 14 al 18 de junio de 2021., Genome wide association studies (GWAS), based on linkage disequilibrium, allow the understanding of the genetic architecture underlying traits of agronomical interest such as abiotic stress tolerance. In order to perform these kind of analysis, it is required a wide range of variation in the studied population and high-quality genomic data, which is difficult to obtain from species such as wheat, due to its complex, repetitive and polyploid genome. Nevertheless, High-quality reference wheat genomes have been published recently (1,2), which will aid in understanding the biologic mechanisms implicated in complex traits as drought tolerance, where RSA (root system architecture) play a key role due to its plasticity and adaptation to environmental factors. In the present work a previous characterization of RSA performed in the Spanish Durum wheat core collection (3) has been extended up to 191 wheat landraces. The wide range of variation in phenotypic traits and the lack of kinship relationship between landraces (4) supported the use of this collection to perform a GWAS analysis between the SNP markers set and the RSA traits. By this analysis 51 MTAs (Marker-trait associations) have been found. The linkage disequilibrium present in the tetraploid wheat collection allowed us to cluster these MTAs in 40 MTA-QTLs (Marker-trait association – Quantitative trait loci), i.e. genomic regions potentially responsible of the studied traits. Some of these regions had been previously described in the literature (5), but most of them were novel regions which constitute a useful data set for the future exploitation of Spanish tetraploid wheat landraces diversity., This work was supported by AGL2016-77149 and PID2019-109089RB-C32 from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities.
- Published
- 2021
30. Energy Recovery Potential in Industrial and Municipal Wastewater Networks Using Micro-Hydropower in Spain
- Author
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Juan Antonio Rodríguez Díaz, Aonghus McNabola, Aida Mérida García, and Jorge García Morillo
- Subjects
Renewable energy ,lcsh:Hydraulic engineering ,industries ,Wastewater treatment plant ,Hydropower potential ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Geography, Planning and Development ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,lcsh:TC1-978 ,Wastewater treatment plants ,fish farms ,Hydropower ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,Energy recovery ,lcsh:TD201-500 ,business.industry ,Environmental engineering ,hydropower potential ,Fish farms ,Energy consumption ,wastewater treatment plants ,renewable energy ,020801 environmental engineering ,Work (electrical) ,Wastewater ,Greenhouse gas ,Environmental science ,business ,Tonne ,Industries - Abstract
The use of micro-hydropower (MHP) for energy recovery in water distribution networks is becoming increasingly widespread. The incorporation of this technology, which offers low-cost solutions, allows for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions linked to energy consumption. In this work, the MHP energy recovery potential in Spain from all available wastewater discharges, both municipal and private industrial, was assessed, based on discharge licenses. From a total of 16,778 licenses, less than 1% of the sites presented an MHP potential higher than 2 kW, with a total power potential between 3.31 and 3.54 MW. This total was distributed between industry, fish farms and municipal wastewater treatment plants following the proportion 51–54%, 14–13% and 35–33%, respectively. The total energy production estimated reached 29 GWh∙year−1, from which 80% corresponded to sites with power potential over 15 kW. Energy-related industries, not included in previous investigations, amounted to 45% of the total energy potential for Spain, a finding which could greatly influence MHP potential estimates across the world. The estimated energy production represented a potential CO2 emission savings of around 11 thousand tonnes, with a corresponding reduction between M€ 2.11 and M€ 4.24 in the total energy consumption in the country.
- Published
- 2021
31. Development of a database for the study of food additives in food chemistry subjects
- Author
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Luis Zea Calero, Julieta Mérida García, María P. Serratosa, Lourdes Moyano Cañete, and Juan Martín Gómez
- Subjects
Database ,TIC ,Aditivos ,ICT ,Competencias básicas ,Additives ,Basic competencies ,General Materials Science ,Base de datos - Abstract
Las TIC o tecnologías de la información y comunicación son una herramienta que permite un mayor desarrollo personal para el alumno, siendo él el protagonista en lugar del profesor. Con estas herramientas se adquieren diferentes competencias básicas necesarias para los alumnos universitarios, como son la capacidad de trabajo en equipo, la creatividad, el aprendizaje autónomo, entre otras. Además, los alumnos fueron partícipes en la evaluación de las actividades fomentando así también las competencias básicas relacionadas con la evaluación, como la reflexión. El objetivo de este trabajo era desarrollar una base de datos sobre aditivos, incluyendo información sobre clasificación, fórmula química, grupo al que pertenece, masa molecular, toxicidad, ingesta diaria admitida. La base de datos se crea mediante la participación de alumnos en diferentes actividades de búsqueda de información. Esta base de datos estaría disponible para los alumnos y serviría a su vez al profesor para la realización de nuevas actividades a través de la plataforma Moodle de la Universidad de Córdoba. ICT or information and communication technologies are a tool that allows a greater personal development for the student, being the protagonist instead of the teacher. With these tools, different basic competencies necessary for university students are acquired, such as teamwork, creativity, autonomous learning, among others. In addition, students were involved in the evaluation of activities, thus also promoting the basic competencies related to evaluation, such as reflection. The objective of this job was to develop a database on additives, including information on classification, chemical formula, group to which it belongs, molecular mass, toxicity, acceptable daily intake. The database is created through the participation of students in different information search activities. This database would be available to students and would in turn serve the professor for the realization of new activities through the Moodle platform of the University of Córdoba.
- Published
- 2021
32. Functional hypothesis of the juxtaoral organ: Role of collagen types I and III
- Author
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Mérida‐García, Antonio José, primary, Murillo‐González, Jorge, additional, Martínez‐Sanz, Elena, additional, Catón, Javier, additional, Arráez‐Aybar, Luis A., additional, Martín‐Cruces, José, additional, Cobo, Teresa, additional, Vega, José Antonio, additional, and Mérida‐Velasco, José Ramón, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Cost-Effective Markers and Candidate Genes Analysis at Wheat MQTL Loci
- Author
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Sergio Gálvez, Pilar Hernández, Laura Pascual, Gabriel Dorado, Rosa Mérida-García, Etienne Paux, and Patricia Giraldo
- Subjects
Transposable element ,Candidate gene ,food and beverages ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Genome ,DNA sequencing ,High Resolution Melt ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Polymorphism (computer science) ,law ,DNA ,Polymerase chain reaction - Abstract
High-resolution melting analysis (HRM) is a resolutive technique, using PCR amplification and in-tube detection, which is based on the PCR product’s melting analysis. It is a promising technique for breeding analysis, as it does not require dedicated sequencing equipment. It can be performed using QRT-PCR equipment that can be available in small-medium molecular biology laboratories or locally by the breeders, and it does not require an electrophoretic step to analyze the amplified DNA fragments. To develop effective HRM assays, the search for highly polymorphic sites amenable to PCR amplification is a prerequisite, which is not an easy task in wheat due to its genome complexity. The insertion site-based polymorphism markers (ISBPs) are PCR markers designed based on the knowledge of the sequence flanking transposable element (TE) sequences. The two PCR primers are designed with one in the transposable element and the other in the flanking DNA sequence. TEs are very abundant and nested in the wheat genome, with unique (genome-specific) insertion sites that are highly polymorphic. In this work, we analyze the available HRM-ISBP assays for wheat 3B and 4A chromosomes, and update their applications in wheat diversity at drought and heat MQTL loci.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Functional hypothesis of the juxtaoral organ: Role of collagen types I and III
- Author
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Mérida García, Antonio José, Murillo González, Jorge Alfonso, Martínez Sanz, Elena, Catón Vázquez, Francisco Javier, Arráez Aybar, Luis Alfonso, Martín Cruces, José, Cobo, Teresa, Vega, José Antonio, Mérida Velasco, José Ramón, Mérida García, Antonio José, Murillo González, Jorge Alfonso, Martínez Sanz, Elena, Catón Vázquez, Francisco Javier, Arráez Aybar, Luis Alfonso, Martín Cruces, José, Cobo, Teresa, Vega, José Antonio, and Mérida Velasco, José Ramón
- Abstract
CRUE-CSIC (Acuerdos Transformativos 2021), Universidad Complutense de Madrid/Banco de Santander, Depto. de Anatomía y Embriología, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub
- Published
- 2021
35. Functional hypothesis of the juxtaoral organ: Role of collagen types I and III
- Author
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Mérida‐García, Antonio José, Murillo González, Jorge Alfonso, Martínez Sanz, Elena, Catón Vázquez, Javier, Arráez‐Aybar, Luis A., Martín‐Cruces, José, Cobo, Teresa, Vega, José Antonio, Mérida Velasco, José Ramón, Mérida‐García, Antonio José, Murillo González, Jorge Alfonso, Martínez Sanz, Elena, Catón Vázquez, Javier, Arráez‐Aybar, Luis A., Martín‐Cruces, José, Cobo, Teresa, Vega, José Antonio, and Mérida Velasco, José Ramón
- Abstract
CRUE-CSIC (Acuerdos Transformativos 2021), Universidad Complutense de Madrid/Banco de Santander, Depto. de Anatomía y Embriología, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub
- Published
- 2021
36. GWAs in Durum wheat identified new genomic regions related with root system architecture
- Author
-
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Pascual, Laura, González, J. M., García-Abadillo, J., Loarce, Y., Mérida-García, Rosa, Hernández Molina, Pilar, Giraldo, Patricia, Ruiz, Manuel, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Pascual, Laura, González, J. M., García-Abadillo, J., Loarce, Y., Mérida-García, Rosa, Hernández Molina, Pilar, Giraldo, Patricia, and Ruiz, Manuel
- Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS), based on linkage disequilibrium, allow the understanding of the genetic architecture underlying traits of agronomical interest such as abiotic stress tolerance. In order to perform these kind of analysis, it is required a wide range of variation in the studied population and high-quality genomic data, which is difficult to obtain from species such as wheat, due to its complex, repetitive and polyploid genome. Nevertheless, High-quality reference wheat genomes have been published recently (1,2), which will aid in understanding the biologic mechanisms implicated in complex traits as drought tolerance, where RSA (root system architecture) play a key role due to its plasticity and adaptation to environmental factors. In the present work a previous characterization of RSA performed in the Spanish Durum wheat core collection (3) has been extended up to 191 wheat landraces. The wide range of variation in phenotypic traits and the lack of kinship relationship between landraces (4) supported the use of this collection to perform a GWAS analysis between the SNP markers set and the RSA traits. By this analysis 51 MTAs (Marker-trait associations) have been found. The linkage disequilibrium present in the tetraploid wheat collection allowed us to cluster these MTAs in 40 MTA-QTLs (Marker-trait association – Quantitative trait loci), i.e. genomic regions potentially responsible of the studied traits. Some of these regions had been previously described in the literature (5), but most of them were novel regions which constitute a useful data set for the future exploitation of Spanish tetraploid wheat landraces diversity.
- Published
- 2021
37. Energy Recovery Potential in Industrial and Municipal Wastewater Networks Using Micro-Hydropower in Spain
- Author
-
Mérida García, Aida, primary, Rodríguez Díaz, Juan, additional, García Morillo, Jorge, additional, and McNabola, Aonghus, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Desarrollo de una base de datos para el estudio de los aditivos alimentarios en las asignaturas de química de alimentos
- Author
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Martín Gómez, Juan, primary, Moyano Cañete, Mª Lourdes, additional, Zea Calero, Luis, additional, Mérida García, Julieta, additional, and Pérez Serratoso, María, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Cost-Effective Markers and Candidate Genes Analysis at Wheat MQTL Loci
- Author
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Mérida-García, Rosa, primary, Hernandez, Pilar, primary, Gálvez, Sergio, additional, Paux, Etienne, additional, Dorado, Gabriel, additional, Pascual, Laura, additional, and Giraldo, Patricia, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. High Resolution Melting and Insertion Site-Based Polymorphism Markers for Wheat Variability Analysis and Candidate Genes Selection at Drought and Heat MQTL Loci
- Author
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Mérida-García, Rosa, primary, Gálvez, Sergio, additional, Paux, Etienne, additional, Dorado, Gabriel, additional, Pascual, Laura, additional, Giraldo, Patricia, additional, and Hernandez, Pilar, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Modelo integral de aprovechamiento de la energía solar fotovoltaica en riego
- Author
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Mérida García, Aida, Camacho Poyato, Emilio, and Rodríguez-Díaz, Juan Antonio
- Subjects
Renewable energy ,Solar energy ,Sustainable irrigation ,Photovoltaic irrigation ,Irrigated agriculture ,Pressurized networks ,Hydraulic modelling ,Photovoltaic technology - Abstract
Irrigated agriculture makes possible to increase the productivity of the cropped area, becoming a key activity to meet the growing food demand resulting from the increase of global population. The transformation of arable land from rain-fed to irrigated raises in turn the water demand by the agricultural sector, which currently accounts for 70% of total extractions, on a global scale. The modernization of the irrigation sector led a substantial improvement in the efficiency of water use, although, in parallel, the replacement of systems based on open channels to pressurized networks resulted in a significant increase in energy demand. The main drawbacks of this growing demand are the higher farm operating costs and environmental impact linked to agriculture. In this context, there is a need to look for alternative energy sources with low greenhouse gas emissions, maintaining and even increasing the profitability of the agricultural activity. This thesis is structured in 6 chapters and an annex, focused on the integration of photovoltaic technology in irrigation as energy supply source. Thus, the different chapters contemplate this integration from the point of view of irrigation management and schedule to the dimensioning of the system, taking into account economic, environmental and operational aspects. The first chapter contextualizes the reason of this thesis, which objectives are set out in chapter 2, in which the structure of the rest of the document is also detailed. Chapter 3 presents a model for the management of photovoltaic irrigation. This model integrates crop, climatic, hydraulic and energy variables, accomplishing a real time synchronization of the photovoltaic power generated and the power and irrigation times demanded by the network which supplies. The application of this model to a real case study (experimental olive orchard of the Rabanales Campus of the University of Córdoba) has achieved excellent results, being able to satisfy, automatically, more than 96% of the irrigation requirements of the crop during the irrigation season analysed. In addition, the substitution of the conventional electrical supply by photovoltaic energy avoided the emission of 1.2 t of CO2 eq. corresponding to 602 h of irrigation (during a season), in the olive orchard field of the case study analysed. In chapter 4 an analysis of the life cycle of the photovoltaic technology used as energy source in irrigation is carried out. In addition, it is also compared with the life cycle linked to the energy supply with traditional options, diesel generators and the electricity grid. Subsequently, a comparative analysis is carried out between the different supply options, establishing two possible scenarios: with and without grid connection. The results derived from this work, expressed in relation to the unit of energy in kWh, showed the importance linked to the percentage of photovoltaic energy produced that is actually used, thus having a great repercussion the seasonality of irrigation and the possibility of taking advantage of the surplus energy generated when irrigation is not required. This work was also complemented with an analysis of the life cycle cost for the different technologies. Thus, the photovoltaic option has the lowest total costs (63% and 36% lower than the diesel generator and electricity grid options, respectively, for a useful life of the project of 30 years), despite requiring a higher initial investment. Chapter 5 presents a model for the optimal dimensioning of photovoltaic irrigation systems, which determines hydrants grouping in irrigation sectors, the pipe diameters for each section of the network and the dimensioning of the photovoltaic plant. This model, based on evolutionary algorithms (specifically the genetic algorithm NSGAII) also integrates the first of the models presented, with which the operation of each generated sizing option is verified. The possible solutions are evaluated to select those that best fit the established objective functions. Therefore, the results provided by the model are those combinations of hydrant grouping, pipe sizes and PV plant dimensioning that minimize the investment costs while ensuring the proper operation of the system. Once the model was developed, it was simulated to carry out the dimensioning of the PV irrigation system of the experimental olive orchard field of the University of Córdoba. The results showed design solutions with investment cost reductions between 24 and 39%, compared to the original design of the installation, with an irrigation satisfaction equal or greater than the current 96% in all options. Finally, chapter 6 synthesizes the main conclusions obtained after the development of this thesis, as well as the possible future avenues of research. This thesis highlights the importance of the integration of photovoltaic energy in agriculture as energy supply source, with low environmental impact, alternative to traditional energy sources. Therefore, it presents innovative tools for photovoltaic irrigation management and jointly dimensioning of the system irrigation networkphotovoltaic plant, taking into account the energy, hydraulic, economic, environmental and operational aspects of the system. Therefore, the purpose of providing the incorporation of this technology in the sector is combined with the objectives of reducing the environmental impact of this activity and improving the profitability of the farmer. La agricultura de regadío permite aumentar la productividad de la superficie agrícola, convirtiéndose en una actividad clave para satisfacer la creciente demanda de alimentos derivada del aumento de la población mundial. La conversión de superficie cultivable del secano al regadío a su vez incrementa la demanda de agua por parte del sector agrícola, la cual representa en la actualidad un 70% de las extracciones totales, a escala global. La modernización del regadío ha permitido una mejora sustancial en la eficiencia del uso del agua, aunque, de forma paralela, la sustitución de los sistemas basados en canales abiertos por redes a presión ha dado lugar a un aumento significativo en la demanda de energía. Los principales inconvenientes derivados de esta creciente demanda se traducen en un mayor coste de operación en las explotaciones e impacto ambiental vinculado a la agricultura. En este contexto surge la necesidad de buscar fuentes de energía alternativas de baja emisión de gases efecto invernadero que permitan, además, mantener e incluso aumentar la rentabilidad de la actividad agrícola. Esta tesis se estructura en 6 capítulos y un anexo, enfocados todos ellos a la integración de la tecnología fotovoltaica en el riego, como fuente de suministro energético. Así, los distintos capítulos contemplan esta integración desde el punto de vista de la gestión y programación del riego hasta el dimensionamiento del sistema, teniendo en cuenta aspectos económicos, ambientales y de operatividad. El primero de los capítulos contextualiza el porqué de esta tesis, estando los objetivos de la misma recogidos en el capítulo 2, donde además se detalla la estructura del resto del documento. En el capítulo 3 se presenta un modelo para la gestión del riego fotovoltaico. Este modelo integra variables del cultivo, climáticas, hidráulicas y energéticas, llevando a cabo una sincronización en tiempo real de la potencia fotovoltaica generada y la potencia y tiempos de riego demandados por la red a la que abastece. La aplicación de este modelo a un caso de estudio real (parcela experimental de olivar del Campus de Rabanales de la Universidad de Córdoba) ha conseguido resultados excelentes, siendo capaz de satisfacer, de forma automática, más del 96% de los requerimientos de riego del cultivo durante la campaña de riego analizada. Además, la sustitución del suministro eléctrico convencional por energía fotovoltaica evitó la emisión de 1.2 t de CO2 eq. correspondientes a 602 h de riego (durante una campaña), en el cultivo de olivar del caso de estudio analizado. En el capítulo 4 se lleva a cabo un análisis del ciclo de vida de la tecnología fotovoltaica empleada como fuente de energía en el regadío. Además, también se compara con el ciclo de vida vinculado al suministro energético mediante las alternativas tradicionales, generadores diésel y la red eléctrica. Posteriormente, se lleva a cabo un análisis comparativo entre las distintas opciones de suministro, estableciendo para ello dos posibles escenarios: con y sin conexión a red. Los resultados derivados de este trabajo, expresados en relación a la unidad de energía en kWh, mostraron la importancia vinculada al porcentaje de energía fotovoltaica producida que es realmente aprovechado, teniendo por ello una gran repercusión la estacionalidad del riego y la posibilidad de aprovechar el excedente de energía producida en los momentos en los que no es necesario regar el cultivo. Este trabajo fue además complementado con un análisis del coste asociado al ciclo de vida de las distintas tecnologías. Así, la opción fotovoltaica presenta el menor de los costes totales (63% y 36% inferior a la opción de generador diésel y red eléctrica, respectivamente, para una vida útil de proyecto de 30 años), a pesar de requerir una mayor inversión inicial. En el capítulo 5 se presenta un modelo para el dimensionamiento óptimo de sistemas de riego fotovoltaico, el cual determina el agrupamiento de hidrantes en sectores de riego, el diámetro de tubería para cada tramo de la red y el dimensionamiento de la planta fotovoltaica. Este modelo, basado en algoritmos evolutivos (en concreto el algoritmo genético NSGAII) integra así mismo el primero de los modelos presentados, con el que se comprueba el funcionamiento de cada una de las opciones de dimensionamiento generadas. Las posibles soluciones son evaluadas con el fin de seleccionar aquellas que cumplen mejor las funciones objetivo establecidas. Por ello, los resultados facilitados por el modelo son aquellas combinaciones de agrupamiento de hidrantes, dimensiones de tuberías y tamaño de la planta FV que minimizan los costes de inversión y garantizan al mismo tiempo el correcto funcionamiento del sistema. Una vez desarrollado el modelo, éste fue simulado para llevar a cabo el dimensionamiento del sistema de riego FV de la parcela de olivar experimental de la Universidad de Córdoba. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron soluciones de diseño con ahorros en el coste de inversión de entre el 24 y el 39%, en comparación con el diseño original de la instalación, con una satisfacción del riego igual o superior al 96% actual en todas las opciones. Finalmente, el capítulo 6 sintetiza las principales conclusiones obtenidas tras el desarrollo de esta tesis, así como las posibles futuras vías de investigación. Esta tesis destaca la importancia de la integración de la energía fotovoltaica en la agricultura como medio de suministro energético, de bajo impacto ambiental, alternativo a las fuentes de energía tradicionales. Por ello, en ella se presentan herramientas innovadoras de gestión del riego fotovoltaico y dimensionamiento conjunto del sistema red de riego-planta fotovoltaica, teniendo en cuenta los aspectos energéticos, hidráulicos, económicos, ambientales y de operatividad del sistema. Por tanto, el propósito de facilitar la incorporación de esta tecnología en el sector queda acompañado de los objetivos de disminuir el impacto ambiental de esta actividad y mejorar la rentabilidad del agricultor.
- Published
- 2020
42. Integral model for the use of solar photovoltaic energy in irrigation
- Author
-
Mérida García, Aida, Camacho Poyato, Emilio, and Rodríguez-Díaz, Juan Antonio
- Subjects
Renewable energy ,Solar energy ,Sustainable irrigation ,Photovoltaic irrigation ,Irrigated agriculture ,Pressurized networks ,Hydraulic modelling ,Photovoltaic technology - Abstract
Irrigated agriculture makes possible to increase the productivity of the cropped area, becoming a key activity to meet the growing food demand resulting from the increase of global population. The transformation of arable land from rain-fed to irrigated raises in turn the water demand by the agricultural sector, which currently accounts for 70% of total extractions, on a global scale. The modernization of the irrigation sector led a substantial improvement in the efficiency of water use, although, in parallel, the replacement of systems based on open channels to pressurized networks resulted in a significant increase in energy demand. The main drawbacks of this growing demand are the higher farm operating costs and environmental impact linked to agriculture. In this context, there is a need to look for alternative energy sources with low greenhouse gas emissions, maintaining and even increasing the profitability of the agricultural activity. This thesis is structured in 6 chapters and an annex, focused on the integration of photovoltaic technology in irrigation as energy supply source. Thus, the different chapters contemplate this integration from the point of view of irrigation management and schedule to the dimensioning of the system, taking into account economic, environmental and operational aspects. The first chapter contextualizes the reason of this thesis, which objectives are set out in chapter 2, in which the structure of the rest of the document is also detailed. Chapter 3 presents a model for the management of photovoltaic irrigation. This model integrates crop, climatic, hydraulic and energy variables, accomplishing a real time synchronization of the photovoltaic power generated and the power and irrigation times demanded by the network which supplies. The application of this model to a real case study (experimental olive orchard of the Rabanales Campus of the University of Córdoba) has achieved excellent results, being able to satisfy, automatically, more than 96% of the irrigation requirements of the crop during the irrigation season analysed. In addition, the substitution of the conventional electrical supply by photovoltaic energy avoided the emission of 1.2 t of CO2 eq. corresponding to 602 h of irrigation (during a season), in the olive orchard field of the case study analysed. In chapter 4 an analysis of the life cycle of the photovoltaic technology used as energy source in irrigation is carried out. In addition, it is also compared with the life cycle linked to the energy supply with traditional options, diesel generators and the electricity grid. Subsequently, a comparative analysis is carried out between the different supply options, establishing two possible scenarios: with and without grid connection. The results derived from this work, expressed in relation to the unit of energy in kWh, showed the importance linked to the percentage of photovoltaic energy produced that is actually used, thus having a great repercussion the seasonality of irrigation and the possibility of taking advantage of the surplus energy generated when irrigation is not required. This work was also complemented with an analysis of the life cycle cost for the different technologies. Thus, the photovoltaic option has the lowest total costs (63% and 36% lower than the diesel generator and electricity grid options, respectively, for a useful life of the project of 30 years), despite requiring a higher initial investment. Chapter 5 presents a model for the optimal dimensioning of photovoltaic irrigation systems, which determines hydrants grouping in irrigation sectors, the pipe diameters for each section of the network and the dimensioning of the photovoltaic plant. This model, based on evolutionary algorithms (specifically the genetic algorithm NSGAII) also integrates the first of the models presented, with which the operation of each generated sizing option is verified. The possible solutions are evaluated to select those that best fit the established objective functions. Therefore, the results provided by the model are those combinations of hydrant grouping, pipe sizes and PV plant dimensioning that minimize the investment costs while ensuring the proper operation of the system. Once the model was developed, it was simulated to carry out the dimensioning of the PV irrigation system of the experimental olive orchard field of the University of Córdoba. The results showed design solutions with investment cost reductions between 24 and 39%, compared to the original design of the installation, with an irrigation satisfaction equal or greater than the current 96% in all options. Finally, chapter 6 synthesizes the main conclusions obtained after the development of this thesis, as well as the possible future avenues of research. This thesis highlights the importance of the integration of photovoltaic energy in agriculture as energy supply source, with low environmental impact, alternative to traditional energy sources. Therefore, it presents innovative tools for photovoltaic irrigation management and jointly dimensioning of the system irrigation networkphotovoltaic plant, taking into account the energy, hydraulic, economic, environmental and operational aspects of the system. Therefore, the purpose of providing the incorporation of this technology in the sector is combined with the objectives of reducing the environmental impact of this activity and improving the profitability of the farmer. La agricultura de regadío permite aumentar la productividad de la superficie agrícola, convirtiéndose en una actividad clave para satisfacer la creciente demanda de alimentos derivada del aumento de la población mundial. La conversión de superficie cultivable del secano al regadío a su vez incrementa la demanda de agua por parte del sector agrícola, la cual representa en la actualidad un 70% de las extracciones totales, a escala global. La modernización del regadío ha permitido una mejora sustancial en la eficiencia del uso del agua, aunque, de forma paralela, la sustitución de los sistemas basados en canales abiertos por redes a presión ha dado lugar a un aumento significativo en la demanda de energía. Los principales inconvenientes derivados de esta creciente demanda se traducen en un mayor coste de operación en las explotaciones e impacto ambiental vinculado a la agricultura. En este contexto surge la necesidad de buscar fuentes de energía alternativas de baja emisión de gases efecto invernadero que permitan, además, mantener e incluso aumentar la rentabilidad de la actividad agrícola. Esta tesis se estructura en 6 capítulos y un anexo, enfocados todos ellos a la integración de la tecnología fotovoltaica en el riego, como fuente de suministro energético. Así, los distintos capítulos contemplan esta integración desde el punto de vista de la gestión y programación del riego hasta el dimensionamiento del sistema, teniendo en cuenta aspectos económicos, ambientales y de operatividad. El primero de los capítulos contextualiza el porqué de esta tesis, estando los objetivos de la misma recogidos en el capítulo 2, donde además se detalla la estructura del resto del documento. En el capítulo 3 se presenta un modelo para la gestión del riego fotovoltaico. Este modelo integra variables del cultivo, climáticas, hidráulicas y energéticas, llevando a cabo una sincronización en tiempo real de la potencia fotovoltaica generada y la potencia y tiempos de riego demandados por la red a la que abastece. La aplicación de este modelo a un caso de estudio real (parcela experimental de olivar del Campus de Rabanales de la Universidad de Córdoba) ha conseguido resultados excelentes, siendo capaz de satisfacer, de forma automática, más del 96% de los requerimientos de riego del cultivo durante la campaña de riego analizada. Además, la sustitución del suministro eléctrico convencional por energía fotovoltaica evitó la emisión de 1.2 t de CO2 eq. correspondientes a 602 h de riego (durante una campaña), en el cultivo de olivar del caso de estudio analizado. En el capítulo 4 se lleva a cabo un análisis del ciclo de vida de la tecnología fotovoltaica empleada como fuente de energía en el regadío. Además, también se compara con el ciclo de vida vinculado al suministro energético mediante las alternativas tradicionales, generadores diésel y la red eléctrica. Posteriormente, se lleva a cabo un análisis comparativo entre las distintas opciones de suministro, estableciendo para ello dos posibles escenarios: con y sin conexión a red. Los resultados derivados de este trabajo, expresados en relación a la unidad de energía en kWh, mostraron la importancia vinculada al porcentaje de energía fotovoltaica producida que es realmente aprovechado, teniendo por ello una gran repercusión la estacionalidad del riego y la posibilidad de aprovechar el excedente de energía producida en los momentos en los que no es necesario regar el cultivo. Este trabajo fue además complementado con un análisis del coste asociado al ciclo de vida de las distintas tecnologías. Así, la opción fotovoltaica presenta el menor de los costes totales (63% y 36% inferior a la opción de generador diésel y red eléctrica, respectivamente, para una vida útil de proyecto de 30 años), a pesar de requerir una mayor inversión inicial. En el capítulo 5 se presenta un modelo para el dimensionamiento óptimo de sistemas de riego fotovoltaico, el cual determina el agrupamiento de hidrantes en sectores de riego, el diámetro de tubería para cada tramo de la red y el dimensionamiento de la planta fotovoltaica. Este modelo, basado en algoritmos evolutivos (en concreto el algoritmo genético NSGAII) integra así mismo el primero de los modelos presentados, con el que se comprueba el funcionamiento de cada una de las opciones de dimensionamiento generadas. Las posibles soluciones son evaluadas con el fin de seleccionar aquellas que cumplen mejor las funciones objetivo establecidas. Por ello, los resultados facilitados por el modelo son aquellas combinaciones de agrupamiento de hidrantes, dimensiones de tuberías y tamaño de la planta FV que minimizan los costes de inversión y garantizan al mismo tiempo el correcto funcionamiento del sistema. Una vez desarrollado el modelo, éste fue simulado para llevar a cabo el dimensionamiento del sistema de riego FV de la parcela de olivar experimental de la Universidad de Córdoba. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron soluciones de diseño con ahorros en el coste de inversión de entre el 24 y el 39%, en comparación con el diseño original de la instalación, con una satisfacción del riego igual o superior al 96% actual en todas las opciones. Finalmente, el capítulo 6 sintetiza las principales conclusiones obtenidas tras el desarrollo de esta tesis, así como las posibles futuras vías de investigación. Esta tesis destaca la importancia de la integración de la energía fotovoltaica en la agricultura como medio de suministro energético, de bajo impacto ambiental, alternativo a las fuentes de energía tradicionales. Por ello, en ella se presentan herramientas innovadoras de gestión del riego fotovoltaico y dimensionamiento conjunto del sistema red de riego-planta fotovoltaica, teniendo en cuenta los aspectos energéticos, hidráulicos, económicos, ambientales y de operatividad del sistema. Por tanto, el propósito de facilitar la incorporación de esta tecnología en el sector queda acompañado de los objetivos de disminuir el impacto ambiental de esta actividad y mejorar la rentabilidad del agricultor.
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- 2020
43. Mapping Agronomic and Quality Traits in Elite Durum Wheat Lines under Differing Water Regimes
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Junta de Andalucía, European Commission, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Mérida-García, Rosa, Bentley, Alison R., Gálvez, Sergio, Dorado, Gabriel, Solís, Ignacio, Ammar, Karim, Hernández Molina, Pilar, Junta de Andalucía, European Commission, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Mérida-García, Rosa, Bentley, Alison R., Gálvez, Sergio, Dorado, Gabriel, Solís, Ignacio, Ammar, Karim, and Hernández Molina, Pilar
- Abstract
Final grain production and quality in durum wheat are affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. The association mapping (AM) approach is useful for dissecting the genetic control of quantitative traits, with the aim of increasing final wheat production under stress conditions. In this study, we used AM analyses to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying agronomic and quality traits in a collection of 294 elite durum wheat lines from CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), grown under different water regimes over four growing seasons. Thirty-seven significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were detected for sedimentation volume (SV) and thousand kernel weight (TKW), located on chromosomes 1B and 2A, respectively. The QTL loci found were then confirmed with several AM analyses, which revealed 12 sedimentation index (SDS) MTAs and two additional loci for SV (4A) and yellow rust (1B). A candidate gene analysis of the identified genomic regions detected a cluster of 25 genes encoding blue copper proteins in chromosome 1B, with homoeologs in the two durum wheat subgenomes, and an ubiquinone biosynthesis O-methyltransferase gene. On chromosome 2A, several genes related to photosynthetic processes and metabolic pathways were found in proximity to the markers associated with TKW. These results are of potential use for subsequent application in marker-assisted durum wheat-breeding programs.
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- 2020
44. High Resolution Melting and Insertion Site-Based Polymorphism Markers for Wheat Variability Analysis and Candidate Genes Selection at Drought and Heat MQTL Loci
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Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Mérida-García, Rosa, Gálvez, Sergio, Paux, Etienne, Dorado, Gabriel, Pascual, Laura, Giraldo, Patricia, Hernández Molina, Pilar, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Mérida-García, Rosa, Gálvez, Sergio, Paux, Etienne, Dorado, Gabriel, Pascual, Laura, Giraldo, Patricia, and Hernández Molina, Pilar
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The practical use of molecular markers is facilitated by cost-effective detection techniques. In this work, wheat insertion site-based polymorphisms (ISBP) markers were set up for genotyping using high-resolution melting analysis (HRM). Polymorphic HRM-ISBP assays were developed for wheat chromosomes 4A and 3B and used for wheat variability assessment. The marker sequences were mapped against the wheat genome reference sequence, targeting interesting genes. Those genes were located within or in proximity to previously described quantitative trait loci (QTL) or meta-quantitative trait loci (MQTL) for drought and heat stress tolerance, and also yield and yield related traits. Eighteen of the markers used tagged drought related genes and, interestingly, eight of the genes were differentially expressed under different abiotic stress conditions. These results confirmed HRM as a cost-effective and efficient tool for wheat breeding programs.
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- 2020
45. Multi-Country Scale Assessment of Available Energy Recovery Potential Using Micro-Hydropower in Drinking, Pressurised Irrigation and Wastewater Networks, Covering Part of the EU
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Armando Carravetta, Miguel Crespo Chacón, Helena M. Ramos, Djordje Mitrovic, Aida Mérida García, Kemi Adeyeye, Juan Antonio Rodríguez Díaz, Jorge García Morillo, Aonghus McNabola, Mitrovic, D., Chacon, M. C., Garcia, A. M., Morillo, J. G., Diaz, J. A. R., Ramos, H. M., Adeyeye, K., Carravetta, A., and Mcnabola, A.
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Irrigation ,lcsh:Hydraulic engineering ,020209 energy ,Geography, Planning and Development ,extrapolation ,Extrapolation ,0207 environmental engineering ,Water supply ,02 engineering and technology ,Aquatic Science ,Biochemistry ,irrigation ,lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,lcsh:TC1-978 ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020701 environmental engineering ,Water treatment plants ,energy efficiency ,Hydropower ,Water Science and Technology ,lcsh:TD201-500 ,Energy recovery ,water supply ,business.industry ,Micro‐hydropower ,Energy consumption ,Energy efficiency ,Wastewater ,water treatment plants ,Available energy ,Environmental science ,micro-hydropower ,business ,Water resource management ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
Studies have shown micro-hydropower (MHP) opportunities for energy recovery and CO2 reductions in the water sector. This paper conducts a large-scale assessment of this potential using a dataset amassed across six EU countries (Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Spain, and Portugal) for the drinking water, irrigation, and wastewater sectors. Extrapolating the collected data, the total annual MHP potential was estimated between 482.3 and 821.6 GWh, depending on the assumptions, divided among Ireland (15.5–32.2 GWh), Scotland (17.8–139.7 GWh), Northern Ireland (5.9–8.2 GWh), Wales (10.2–8.1 GWh), Spain (375.3–539.9 GWh), and Portugal (57.6–93.5 GWh) and distributed across the drinking water (43–67%), irrigation (51–30%), and wastewater (6–3%) sectors. The findings demonstrated reductions in energy consumption in water networks between 1.7 and 13.0%. Forty-five percent of the energy estimated from the analysed sites was associated with just 3% of their number, having a power output capacity >, 15 kW. This demonstrated that a significant proportion of energy could be exploited at a small number of sites, with a valuable contribution to net energy efficiency gains and CO2 emission reductions. This also demonstrates cost-effective, value-added, multi-country benefits to policy makers, establishing the case to incentivise MHP in water networks to help achieve the desired CO2 emissions reductions targets.
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- 2021
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46. The Gene Networks Involved in Wheat Drought Response
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Gálvez, Sergio, Mérida-García, Rosa, Camino, Carlos, Borril, Philippa, Abrouk, Michael, Ramirez-Gonzalez, Ricardo, Biyiklioglu, Sezgi, Dorado, Gabriel, Amil-Ruiz, Francisco, Budak, Hikmet, González-Dugo, Victoria, Zarco-Tejada, Pablo J., Appels, Rudi, Uauy, Cristóbal, and Hernández Molina, Pilar
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fungi ,food and beverages - Abstract
Trabajo presentado en el PAG Asia 2019 (The International conference on the Status of Plant & Animal Genome Research), celebrado en Futian Shangri-La Shenzhen (China) del 6 al 8 de junio de 2019., Wheat can adapt to most agricultural conditions across temperate regions. Although drought is a major cause of yield and quality losses, the adaptive mechanisms and gene networks underlying drought responses in the field remain largely unknown. Interdisciplinary studies involving field water status phenotyping now provide a basis for interpreting gene expression analyses and show that changes at the transcriptional level were reflected in the remote sensing physiological data from the field. The dehydrin family of genes provided a focus for the study and indicated that the genes located on the group 6 chromosomes were particularly important in drought response.
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- 2019
47. Middleware to Operate Smart Photovoltaic Irrigation Systems in Real Time
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Rafael González Perea, Emilio Camacho Poyato, Aida Mérida García, Irene Fernández García, P. Montesinos, and Juan Antonio Rodríguez Díaz
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lcsh:Hydraulic engineering ,Computer science ,020209 energy ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Sustainable irrigation ,02 engineering and technology ,Aquatic Science ,Biochemistry ,Hydraulic modelling ,Irrigation scheduling ,irrigation scheduling ,lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,lcsh:TC1-978 ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Irrigation management ,Water Science and Technology ,lcsh:TD201-500 ,Food security ,precision agriculture ,Precision agriculture ,business.industry ,software ,Photovoltaic system ,sustainable irrigation ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Environmental economics ,Olive trees ,Renewable energy ,Middleware ,ICTs ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,hydraulic modelling ,business ,Software - Abstract
Climate change, water scarcity and higher energy requirements and electric tariff compromises the continuity of the irrigated agriculture. Precision agriculture (PA) or renewable energy sources which are based on communication and information technologies and a large amount of data are key to ensuring this economic activity and guaranteeing food security at the global level. Several works which are based on the use of PA and renewable energy sources have been developed in order to optimize different variables of irrigated agriculture such as irrigation scheduling. However, the large amount of technologies and sensors that these models need to be implemented are still far from being easily accessible and usable by farmers. In this way, a middleware called Real time Smart Solar Irrigation Manager (RESSIM) has been developed in this work and implemented in MATLABTM with the aim to provide to farmers a user-friendly tool for the daily making decision process of irrigation scheduling using a smart photovoltaic irrigation management module. RESSIM middleware was successfully tested in a real field during a full irrigation season of olive trees using a real smart photovoltaic irrigation system.
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- 2019
48. Análisis del impacto ambiental y económico vinculado a la energía fotovoltaica frente al uso de energías convencionales en el regadío
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Aida Mérida García, Emilio Camacho Poyato, Pilar Montesinos Barrios, Aonghus Mc Nabola, John Gallagher, and Juan Antonio Rodríguez Díaz
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La energía fotovoltaica (fv) presenta un gran potencial para la agricultura en zonas con adecuados niveles de radiación. El principal inconveniente derivado de su uso como única fuente de energía radica en su dependencia de las variables climáticas. El desarrollo de sistemas de gestión inteligente del riego con energía fv minimiza este problema, consiguiendo satisfacer las necesidades del cultivo durante toda la campaña. Esto es posible gracias a la sincronización de la potencia fv generada con la demanda de potencia y tiempos de riego de la red. Así, el sistema resulta energéticamente independiente, lo que asegura una prácticamente nula emisión de contaminantes durante el periodo de funcionamiento, así como una evidente reducción en los costes de operación. Sin embargo, para valorar el impacto ambiental y económico vinculado a esta tecnología, es necesario contemplar los procesos de producción e instalación, así como los costes de inversión. Para ello, en este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo un análisis del ciclo de vida de un sistema de riego fv inteligente, comparándose además con las fuentes de energía tradicionalmente empleadas en riego. Se establecieron dos posibles escenarios: con y sin acceso a la red eléctrica, en los que el sistema de riego fv se evaluó frente al uso de un generador diésel y la red eléctrica, respectivamente, considerando una vida útil del proyecto de 30 años. El análisis de impacto ambiental se llevó a cabo siguiendo la metodología CML (Centre for Environmental Science- Leiden University), seleccionando 5 categorías de impacto como las más representativas: potencial de calentamiento global (Global Warming Potential- GWP), potencial de agotamiento de los recursos abióticos (Abiotic Resource Depletion Potential- ARDP), potencial de acidificación (Acidification Potential- AP), potencial de toxicidad humana (Human Toxicity Potential- HTP) y potencial de agotamiento de los recursos fósiles (Fuel Resources Depletion Potential- FRDP). Los resultados mostraron el riego fv como la opción con menor carga ambiental para todas las categorías, excepto para el ARDP, donde la demanda de materiales para la fabricación de los módulos solares y el inversor tuvo una importante repercusión. Por su parte, el sistema de riego fv presentó el mayor coste de inversión, aunque el menor coste total vinculado a toda la vida útil del proyecto, gracias al bajo coste asociado a la etapa de funcionamiento del sistema.
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- 2019
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49. Genetic dissection of agronomic and quality traits based on association mapping and genomic selection approaches in durum wheat grown in Southern Spain
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Pilar Hernández, Sang He, Guozheng Liu, Gabriel Dorado, Rosa Mérida-García, Victoria González-Dugo, Sergio Gálvez, Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada, Jochen C. Reif, Ignacio Solis, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Junta de Andalucía, European Commission, and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Heredity ,Plant genetics ,Biochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Glutenin ,Materials Physics ,Association mapping ,Triticum ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Physics ,Eukaryota ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,Plants ,Wheat ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Sedimentation ,Research Article ,Genetic Markers ,Science ,Materials Science ,Quantitative trait locus ,Genes, Plant ,Molecular Genetics ,Crop ,03 medical and health sciences ,Quantitative Trait, Heritable ,Genetics ,Grasses ,Plant breeding ,Molecular Biology ,Genetic Association Studies ,Abiotic stress ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,Gluten ,Agronomy ,Plant Breeding ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Genetic Loci ,Spain ,biology.protein ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Climatic conditions affect the growth, development and final crop production. As wheat is of paramount importance as a staple crop in the human diet, there is a growing need to study its abiotic stress adaptation through the performance of key breeding traits. New and complementary approaches, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS), are used for the dissection of different agronomic traits. The present study focused on the dissection of agronomic and quality traits of interest (initial agronomic score, yield, gluten index, sedimentation index, specific weight, whole grain protein and yellow colour) assessed in a panel of 179 durum wheat lines (Triticum durum Desf.), grown under rainfed conditions in different Mediterranean environments in Southern Spain (Andalusia). The findings show a total of 37 marker-trait associations (MTAs) which affect phenotype expression for three quality traits (specific weight, gluten and sedimentation indexes). MTAs could be mapped on the A and B durum wheat subgenomes (on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B and 3A) through the recently available bread wheat reference assembly (IWGSC RefSeqv1). Two of the MTAs found for quality traits (gluten index and SDS) corresponded to the known Glu-B1 and Glu-A1 loci, for which candidate genes corresponding to high molecular weight glutenin subunits could be located. The GS prediction ability values obtained from the breeding materials analyzed showed promising results for traits as grain protein content, sedimentation and gluten indexes, which can be used in plant breeding programs., This work was funded by project P12-AGR-0482 to PH from Junta de Andalucía (Andalusian Regional Government), Spain (Co-funded by FEDER). PH is supported by project AGL2016-77149-C2-1-P from MINECO (Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness).
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- 2019
50. Integración de aproximaciones agronómicas y genómicas para la adaptación del trigo a ambientes agrícolas mediterráneos en el sur de España
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Mérida García, Mª Rosa, Hernández Molina, Pilar, and Dorado, G.
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Andalusia (Spain) ,Genome-wide association study ,Marker-trait associations ,Drought ,Genomic selection ,Quality traits ,Agronomic traits ,Transcriptomics ,Durum wheat ,Wheat adaption - Abstract
Wheat (Triticum spp.) is one of the oldest domesticated crops and is of great importance as a staple food in the human diet. It shows an interesting phenotypic plasticity conferred by a large, polyploid and complex genome. This fact allows its adaptability to most agricultural environments across temperate regions, such as the Mediterranean basin. Nevertheless, the growth, development and final production of this crop can be strongly affected by abiotic stresses, such as drought, which is responsible of important yield and quality loss. Therefore, there is an increasing need to study wheat adaptation to different stresses through the performance of key breeding traits and through gene and gene regulatory network responses analyses. In addition, the research of the genome architecture of drought responses also provides a new focus for genomics-assisted breeding. In this context, the main objectives of this tesis are: (i) analyze the transcriptomic responses to drought stress in wheat grown under different field water conditions; (ii) define candidate genes associated to drought-responses and grain quality, and to assess their expression patterns under differing stress conditions; and (iii) dissect quantitative-trait loci in agronomic and quality traits, analyzing their effects on phenotypic expression. These analyses were carried out using the hexaploid wheat cultivar ‘Chinese spring’ and CIMMYT elite durum wheat lines, grown in different environments. The first objective was conducted using the bread wheat sequenced reference line (Triticum aestivum cv. 'Chinese Spring'), under different wáter stress levels, in two Mediterranean environments. Physiological field measures were combined with hyperspectral and thermal imagery to asses water, nitrogen and photosynthetic status. RNA-Seq analyses were carried out to assess drought stress responses in field conditions. The physiological measurements, RNA-Seq sampling and the hyperspectral and thermal remote sensing imagery, using an airborne flight, were all conducted simultaneously at the grain filling stage. After differential gene expression analyses, interesting relations between the quantification of spectral trait alterations and changes at the transcriptional level were found, defining important genomic regions, related to drought responses in the field. Results revealed that drought-responses comprise gene homoeolog specialization, multiple gene clusters, gene families, miRNAs and transcription factors coordinating these responses . In a next step, the association mapping (AM) analysis was used to dissect quantitative agronomic and quality traits, in a panel of 299 CIMMYT duru wheat elite lines grown in Mexico, under two different water regimes. Analyses reported interesting marker-trait associations (MTAs) for quality traits, as thousand-kernel weight. This results represent an interesting resource of potential use in breeding programs, focused on increasing final production and end-quality products. In addition, the RNA-Seq data from the previous chapter, as well as differential expression analyses, were used to determine the presence of interesting genes related to stress-responses. It could be highlighted the presence of several blue copper proteins forming a cluster, with homoeologs in the two durum subgenomes (A and B). Finally, a panel of 179 CIMMYT elite durum lines, together with a set of local varieties, were grown and phenotyped under rainfed conditions in several Mediterranean environments. These lines were previously selected by CIMMYT durum breeding program, based on their agronomic performance, quality improvement and drought resistance. The approaches of genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) were successfully applied for the assessment of key traits. Interesting marker-trait associations were found, affecting the phenotypic expression of major quality traits. Using differential gene expression analyses from Chapter 3, we found that some candidate genes showed differential expression under drought conditions. Comparing the results from different environments (Mexico and Southern Spain), one of the MTAs related to quality was found to be common. In addition, markers were mapped to the wheat reference sequence (RefSeqv1) on the A and B subgenomes of durum wheat, finding several markers related to genes which match high-molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), located on Glu-B1 and Glu-A1 loci. The GS prediction ability assessment revealed interesting results for quality traits, which can be applied in current wheat breeding programs. This thesis presents the use of recent tools which are changing the approaches used in crop plant research, reducing costs and increasing the throughput of the assays. The integration of interdisciplinary approaches facilitates the study of wheat stress-responses across different environments and water conditions. Results obtained can represent resources of potential use for marker-assisted breeding. El trigo (Triticum spp.) es uno de los cereales más importantes y el más ampliamente cultivado, representando una de las mayores fuentes de energía en la dieta humana. El trigo hexaploide es uno de los cultivos más extendidos, estando presente en casi todas las regiones agrícolas a nivel mundial. Posee una interesante plasticidad fenotípica gracias a la presencia de un genoma grande, poliploide y complejo, lo que le permite adaptarse a la mayoría de ambientes agrícolas de las regiones templadas, como la cuenca Mediterránea. Por su parte, el trigo duro se cultiva en un área agrícola más restringida, principalmente compuesta por regiones mediterráneas en condiciones de secano. El crecimiento, desarrollo y producción final de este cultivo pueden verse muy afectados por la presencia de estreses abióticos, como la sequía, que origina importantes pérdidas de rendimiento y calidad a nivel mundial. Este trabajo es una aproximación al estudio de la adaptación del trigo a distintos ambientes mediterráneos a través del análisis genético de caracteres clave de este cultivo, así como de la arquitectura genómica de las respuestas a la sequía. Los principales objetivos de esta tesis son: (i) analizar en trigo las respuestas transcriptómicas ante distintos niveles de estrés hídrico en condiciones de campo; (ii) evaluar la presencia de genes candidatos asociados a las respuestas al estrés hídrico y a la calidad de grano, así como determinar los patrones de expresión génica bajo distintas condiciones de estrés; e (iii) identificar los loci de caracteres cuantitativos (QTL) agronómicos y de calidad del grano, y estudiar sus efectos en la expresión fenotípica. Estos análisis se llevaron a cabo en distintos ambientes, con la variedad de trigo hexaploide ‘Chinese spring’ y, con líneas élite de trigo duro, procedentes del CIMMYT. El primer objetivo se ha llevado a cabo con la línea de referencia secuenciada de trigo harinero (Triticum aestivum cv. 'Chinese Spring'), que fue cultivada en dos ambientes mediterráneos, usando distintas condiciones de riego. Las medidas fisiológicas en campo se combinaron con las imágenes hiperespectrales y térmicas para la evaluación de los niveles de agua, nitrógeno y fotosíntesis en la planta. Por otro lado, se llevaron a cabo análisis de RNA-Seq para la valoración de las respuestas genómicas al estrés hídrico en condiciones de campo. Las medidas fisiológicas, junto con la recogida de muestras de material vegetal realizado para los posteriores análisis de RNA-Seq, así como la toma de imágenes hiperespectrales y térmicas a través de un vuelo tripulado, se realizaron en campo y de forma simultánea, en el estadío de llenado de grano del cultivo. Tras los análisis de expresión diferencial, se han encontrado regiones genómicas relacionadas con las respuestas a la sequía en campo. Estas respuestas incluyen también la existencia de genes homeólogos especializados, múltiples clusters de genes, familias de genes como las dehidrinas, microRNA y factores de transcripción que las coordinan. En el siguiente capítulo, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de mapeo asociativo (AM) para la identificación de los loci de caracteres cuantitativos agronómicos y de calidad de grano, en un total de 299 líneas élite de trigo duro procedentes del CIMMYT. Estas líneas fueron cultivadas en México, bajo dos condiciones de riego distintas. Los resultados obtenidos del análisis de AM mostraron asociaciones (MTA) entre marcadores y caracteres de calidad, como el peso de 1000 granos. Estas asociaciones encontradas representan un recurso interesante, con aplicación en los programas de mejora para el incremento de la producción y la calidad del grano. Los datos procedentes del análisis de RNASeq del capítulo anterior, junto con los análisis de expresión diferencial, se han utilizado para la identificación de genes de interés relacionados con las respuestas a estrés. Del análisis realizado podemos destacar la presencia de varias cuproproteínas que forman un cluster con genes homeólogos en los dos subgenomas del trigo duro (A y B). En el capítulo 5, se han analizado 179 líneas élite de trigo duro procedentes del CIMMYT, junto con distintas variedades locales de trigo. Estas líneas se cultivaron y evaluaron fenotípicamente en condiciones de secano y distintos ambientes mediterráneos del sur de España (Andalucía). Las líneas élite fueron previamente seleccionadas en el programa de mejora de trigo duro del CIMMYT, en base a su rendimiento agronómico, calidad y resistencia a sequía. Los enfoques del estudio de asociación del genoma completo (GWAS) y la selección genómica (GS) se han usado con éxito para la evaluación de los caracteres de interés. Se han encontrado varios MTA interesantes que afectan a la expresión fenotípica de caracteres de calidad, como los índices de gluten y sedimentación. A partir de los análisis de expresión diferencial obtenidos en el Capítulo 3, se han identificado varios genes candidatos relacionados con estos caracteres, que además muestran diferencias de expresión en condiciones de sequía. Como resultado de la comparación de los MTA descritos en los ambientes de México y sur de España, se ha encontrado un marcador común asociado con la calidad de grano. Los marcadores se mapearon en la secuencia de referencia del trigo duro (subgenomas A y B), y se han encontrado algunos de ellos próximos a genes de interés que codifican para las subunidades de gluteninas de alto peso molecular (HMW-GS), correspondientes a los loci de Glu- B1 y Glu-A1. Por último, la habilidad de predicción del modelo de selección genómica empleado, mostró resultados interesantes para los caracteres de calidad, que pueden ser usados en los programas de mejora de trigo. En esta tesis se presenta la aplicación de herramientas recientes que están cambiando los enfoques utilizados en el estudio de la mejora vegetal, reduciendo costes y aumentando el rendimiento de los ensayos. Además, la integración de enfoques interdisciplinares facilita la evaluación de las respuestas al estrés del trigo en distintos ambientes y con variaciones en las condiciones de riego. Estos resultados representan recursos con aplicación en los programas de mejora para la selección asistida por marcadores.
- Published
- 2019
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