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Research on child well-being under 10 years old is limited. A first step towards stimulating research targeting this population is the validation of psychometric scales across cultures. The current study examines the cross-cultural validity of the Children’s Worlds - Subjective Well-being Scale (CS-SWBS-8-year-old version), a six-item subjective well-being scale in an international sample of 8-year-olds (N = 20,822) across 19 countries. A confirmatory factor analysis of the CW-SWBS-8yo showed adequate fit after structural equation modelling. Multi-group analysis supported scalar invariance when one of the countries (Chile) was not included in the model. When testing convergent validity, results suggested that the CW-SWBS-8yo is predicted by life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. Overall, the findings support the use of the CW-SWBS-8yo in 8 year-olds in both eastern and western countries.

Previous research has shown that knowledge of the rights of the child and their perceptions about their own participation may contribute to children’s subjective well-being (SWB), and that satisfaction with how adults listen to children and take what they say into account is highly related to children’s SWB in many countries. Thus, the aims of this article are: (a) exploring the contribution to children’s subjective well-being of several items related to their perceptions of their own participation rights in different contexts of their lives; (b) analysing whether or not the ways in which children are listened to and taken into account by adults are mediating the connection to SWB in these children’s participation perceptions; and (c) analysing whether the relationships between these variables differ depending on the country, age group and gender. This article includes the third wave of the Children’s Worlds dataset with 7,570 10- and 12-year-old participants (51% girls) from Brazil, Chile and Spain. There are nine rights-related items and a SWB scale (CW-SWBS) used in this analysis. The main results suggest that perceptions related to children’s rights and the opportunities to participate in decisions affecting them in three different contexts (home, school and area where the child lives) significantly contributed to their SWB. Advancing the research into this matter can provide an opportunity to invest in psychosocial interventions that focus on improving children’s well-being and empowering them through the knowledge of their rights and their role as agents of public policy changes Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature

Abstract Satisfaction with safety and satisfaction with how adults listen to children and how they take what they say into account are the most important satisfaction domains that contribute to children’s subjective well-being (SWB). However, there is still more to know about what contributes to both domains. Little is understood about their mediating effects on the safety perceptions of being cared for and supported in terms of children’s SWB. Age and country are also relevant variables in this equation that suffers from a lack of information. Therefore, this article attempts to shed light on these questions by using the third wave of the Children’s Worlds data set that covers Spain, Brazil, and Chile and focuses on the 10- and 12-year-old age group. Results show that perceived contexts (home, school, and neighborhood) in each country are very important for assessing satisfaction with personal safety, while having parents who listen and take children’s opinions into account is very important for SWB in all contexts. The importance of the effects of feeling safe on SWB increases from late childhood to early adolescence, with its indirect effects being much more important than direct effects. Most children do not perceive to be listened to by teachers or do not perceive that what they say is taken into account by their teachers, which does not turn out to be very relevant for SWB in any of the three countries. Despite existing relationships between all of the variables analyzed, there are differences depending on the country and age group, with a common relationship observed between some of them.

This paper explores the relationship between a single-item scale on satisfaction with meaning in life (SML) and other well-being metrics, both eudaimonic and hedonic. A sample of N = 923 Spanish adolescents in secondary education was used for this purpose. Although we have theorized and explored this metric as a component of eudaimonic well-being, our results show that it is also very closely related to the cognitive and the affective components of hedonic well-being. Standardized regression weights using structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to show the strong correlation between the SML and all of the well-being instruments used in this study. This relationship was more pronounced with cognitive domain-based and positive affect latent variables than the eudaimonic well-being latent variable. Multi-group SEM analysis by gender and academic year reveals a definitive variation in the relationships between these variables for gender, whereas the variation by academic year remains unclear. The correlation between the SML and every other well-being instruments is stronger for girls in all cases. Although values decrease with age for all instruments, the relationships fluctuate and display no clear trend. This study contributes new evidence to discussions on the relationship between eudemonic and hedonic well-being.

The third Wave Children’s Worlds dataset included data obtained from four self-reported well-being multi-item psychometric scales. Three of these were new improved versions of scales used in the second wave and the fourth had not been previously tested for reliability or comparability. The four scales were administered to children in the 10-year-olds age group in 35 countries and in the 12-year-olds age group in 30 countries. Many of these countries were not involved in the second wave. Consequently, the fit for all of these scales needs to be checked and its comparability among the new set of countries analysed. Based on our analysis, there can be no doubt that the most advisable psychometric scale for use in international comparisons is the 5-item version of the context-free subjective well-being scale for both the 10 and 12yo groups, because it displays metric invariance. Scalar invariance for this scale is only supported with a semi-partial constraint, because its item number 4 (Things in my life are excellent) seems to be very sensitive to the socio-economic level of the country, and generally tends to explain less variance than any other. Therefore, great caution must be used when comparing mean scores for this scale across countries. Items on the other three scales would appear to have different cultural meanings, depending on the country, as they do not display metric or scalar invariance across countries. However, the positive and negative affects scale deserves special attention, because the in-country correlation between its two components displays an interesting diversity between countries, probably due to cultural factors that should be further explored. Although statistics obtained using the overall index for any of these three scales cannot be meaningfully compared across countries, their fit is excellent and their use is deemed appropriate for in-country analysis. Further exploration is needed to test whether non-comparability is an issue with only some specific items, and whether they are comparable between some of the countries and not others.

Based on the Children’s Worlds sample of N = 41,599 children and adolescents from 18 countries, aims that have seldom been addressed in the scientific literature are considered: (a) an analysis of positive affect (PA) among 10 and 12-year-old children in 18 countries; (b) an analysis of the comparability of PA across countries, genders and age groups; and (c) a cross-country analysis of the relationship between PA and a measure of cognitive subjective well-being (SWB). A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of a PA measure (PA4), comprising the affects satisfied, happy, relaxed and active, was tested for the above purposes and displayed excellent fit indexes. Multi-group Structural Equation Models were tested by gender, age group and country. The results suggest all statistics are comparable across age groups and genders. Differences according to gender displayed very small effect size in the case of Romania and small effect size in the other 17 countries. A medium effect size was found for age differences in eleven of the countries, a small effect in six and a very small effect in the remaining one. Correlations and regressions are comparable across countries, whereas mean scores are only comparable among 12 out of 18 countries. A detailed analysis displays clear diversities among countries, but also outstanding similarities in children’s PA. A strong positive correlation (.735) was identified between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and the relationship between PA and OLS (Overall Life Satisfaction), while the GDP per capita correlation was not statistically significant with the PA or OLS individually.

This study uses representative samples of 10- and 12-year-olds from the third wave of the Children’s Words international survey (N = 48,499 10-year-olds from 35 countries, and N= 44,692 12-year-olds from 30 countries) to explore the relationship between four main economic indicators at the country level and a selection of children’s subjective well-being (SWB) indicators. The economic indicators included measures of wealth and wealth inequality, while the SWB indicators included general cognitive and affective indicators of the components of SWB and a selection of satisfaction items with specific life domains or aspects of children’s lives. Separated systematic linear regressions were calculated for each age group—each economic indicator being regressed on each SWB general indicator and on each of the selected satisfaction items. As is the case with previous research, the results do not display significant associations between economic indicators and cognitive SWB when using children’s data at the population level. In contrast, associations were identified between economic and affective indicators, and between the former and the correlation between affective and cognitive SWB at the country level. These results suggest that the affective and cognitive components of children’s SWB display idiosyncratic associations with both wealth and inequality indicators at this level, and that it is very important to analyse SWB components separately. This study also shows that satisfaction with some specific life domains (e.g.: with life as a student, time use or the freedom the child has) may display associations with some economic indicators at the macro level, while satisfaction with other life domains may not, meaning that overall life satisfaction may offer different associations with economic indicators, depending on children’s satisfaction with various life domains in each country. These associations may change with age in some cases. Findings contribute to questioning the hitherto widespread belief that a country’s macro-economic situation has little or no impact on children’s well-being and invite the use of children’s SWB indicators from a quadripartite conception—including overall satisfaction with life and life domains, positive affect and negative affect—to monitor the implementation of public policies aimed at children Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature

Background: The relationship between physical activity habits and well-being is widely recognized, however, the interaction that these variables have with sociodemographic factors throughout life is only partially addressed in the literature, particularly in children and adolescents. The aim of this article is to analyze the moderating effect of sociodemographic factors and the possible interaction of these moderations in the relationship between physical activity and subjective well-being in children and adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study considered a sample of 9572 children and adolescents from 10 to 19 years of age, students of primary and secondary schools in all regions of Chile. Subjective well-being and physical activity habits were measured using self-report questionnaires. Socioeconomic level was established from the school vulnerability index (SVI) of each student’s school. Results: Simple moderation analyses revealed that the higher the age and the lower the SVI, the stronger the relationship between physical activity habits and subjective well-being. From a double moderation analysis, it could be observed that the age of the subjects is the most relevant moderator in the relationship between physical activity habits and perceived well-being in young people. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of considering these factors and their interaction when generating programs or public policies to improve physical activity habits and well-being in children and adolescents.

This article explores the evolution of Positive and Negative Affect (PA and NA) and their relationship with a single-item measure of overall life satisfaction (OLS) through a five-year longitudinal study on 1696 ten to eighteen-year-olds in Catalonia (Spain). The results, which were obtained through structural equation modelling with a cross-lagged panel, show that mean scores for both PA and the OLS scale decrease with age, while an asymmetrical increasing-with-age trend occurs for NA. These results challenge one aspect of the homeostatic model of well-being, according to which subjective well-being (SWB) remains on a stable baseline. Mean scores for PA and NA tend to moderately predict next year’s scores, prediction capacity being weaker the more years of difference – although it appears to be much weaker for the OLS than for PA and NA. Relationships between affect and the OLS vary only slightly over a 5-year period. The results obtained here shed new light on the role that PA and NA play in children and adolescents’ SWB from a developmental perspective, not only contributing to scientific knowledge in the field but also opening the door to designing interventions that promote their SWB considering how affects evolve during this period of the life cycle.

It is essential to take children’s subjective well-being (SWB) into account to give attention to children’s lives. The aim of this article is to analyse children’s SWB according to domain-based indicators of the cognitive component of SWB and indicators of the affective component of SWB, as well as indicators of interpersonal relationships in different contexts and activities outside school, besides sociodemographic and educational characteristics. This is developed though the answers of a probabilistic sample of children from Barcelona city in 2017 (mean age = 10.74) to an adapted preliminary version of the third International Survey of Children’s Well-Being, promoted by the Children’s Worlds project, which includes the Children’s Worlds Subjective Well-Being Scale (CW-SWBS), based on the Student Life Satisfaction Scale by Huebner (School Psychology International, 12, 231–243, 1991). It is found that, although children typically do high evaluations of their lives, children’s SWB is even higher when children display better scores in domain-based cognitive SWB and affective SWB (55.07% and 42.75% of the CW-SWBS-5′ variability is explained, respectively), as well as of interpersonal relationships (39.42%). Activities outside school (11.52%) and sociodemographic and educational characteristics (4.76%) seem to have low but critical contributions to children’s SWB. Therefore, promoting better evaluations of cognitive domains (especially feeling adequately heard by adults) and enjoying relationships (especially with family members) both could improve all children’s lives. Furthermore, activities outside school, and in particular sociodemographic and educational characteristics, both could be used to identify children in vulnerable situations.

The aim is to determine the extent to which children’s subjective well-being (SWB) varies according to age, gender and the fact of living in the same context as the school (urban/rural) or not, in ...

The perception of safety and neighborhood satisfaction are related to children and adolescents’ life satisfaction. Most previous studies have examined these variables separately. However, studies are yet to determine the direct or indirect simultaneous interactions among these variables, limiting our understanding of the mechanism (s) that underline adolescents’ life satisfaction. We tested a mediation model using a structural equational modeling in a sample of 808 Chileans adolescents (42.2% female; mean age: 12.5). Our results demonstrate a direct effect of perceptions of safety at home and in the community upon life satisfaction. Similarly, we found an indirect effect through neighborhood satisfaction on adolescents’ life satisfaction. Our results highlight a relationship between safety and life satisfaction, incorporating neighborhood satisfaction among adolescents. Therefore, we suggest safety prevention programs should include community components, such as neighborhood satisfaction, given its relationship with life satisfaction during adolescence.

Besides educational results, a comprehensive view of childhood should include children’s opinions on their well-being in school. The objective of this study is to determine whether school subjective well-being of children varies according to the school they attend, which would justify identifying related factors (school perceptions, individual affection, and socioeconomic composition). The 3,962 answers of children from Barcelona (Mage = 10.74) in 2017 to the International Survey of Children’s Well-being are analysed. The multilevel analysis shows that classmates play an essential role in school experience: in those schools where more children are very satisfied with their life as students, children have more confidence in receiving support from their classmates if they have a problem and feel less stressed. This has important implications for learning, coexistence, and participation. As the impact of social inequalities on school experience has not been identified, research focused on schools facing situations of social vulnerability is required.

A mixed methodology was used through the triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data to determine older adults’ perspectives regarding volunteering and identify what factors can contribute to promoting it, with special emphasis on the role that their own well-being plays in this behavior. The results reveal that satisfaction with life as a whole contributes positively to volunteer behavior and satisfaction with the groups one belongs to contributes negatively. The volunteers were less satisfied than non-volunteers with interpersonal relationships and with the groups they belong to. Knowing the opinion of the older adults with regard to volunteering and understanding how this prosocial behavior relates to their own well-being is very useful for developing strategic plans that allow future volunteers to be captured.

This chapter describes a qualitative technique we refer to as “Discussion Group” (DG), which we have applied to children and adolescents. We argue in this paper that the technique provides an outstanding contribution to understand how they perceive themselves and the world around them. Examples will be provided of how certain kinds of focus groups (FG), organized as DG, have already improved knowledge about subjective well-being (SWB) of 8 to 12 year-olds. It is crucial to state, first of all, that the researchers using this technique assume the leading role of children and adolescents as key informants and active social agents in their own lives. However, we have tried to go one-step forward by intentionally and explicitly changing researchers’ attitudes in order to truly accept children as qualified advisers for research development. Only from such a change—contrary to an adult-centric vision, we believe that it is possible to place children with a voice allowing them to act as protagonists of a research process, in a way that they feel absolutely competent in providing their contributions to adult researchers.

As far as the first author remembers, I met Ruut the first time in Prince George Conference, organised by Alex Michalos in the North British Columbia University. The two of us met him also in the II international ISQOLS conference in Girona, 2000.

This article aims to redress the lack of longitudinal studies on adolescents&rsquo, subjective well-being (SWB) and highlight the relevance of knowledge deriving from such research in designing public policies for improving their health and wellbeing in accordance with the stage of development they are in. To achieve this, the evolution of SWB during early adolescence (in adolescents aged between 10 and 14 in the first data collection) was explored over a five year period, considering boys and girls together and separately. This involved comparing different SWB scales and contrasting results when considering the year of data collection versus the cohort (year of birth) participants belonged to. The methodology comprised a generalized linear mixed model using the INLA (Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation) estimation within a Bayesian framework. Results support the existence of a decreasing-with-age trend, which has been previously intuited in cross-sectional studies and observed in only a few longitudinal studies and contrasts with the increasing-with-age tendency observed in late adolescence. This decrease is also found to be more pronounced for girls, with relevant differences found between instruments. The decreasing-with-age trend observed when the year of data collection is taken into account is also observed when considering the cohort, but the latter provides additional information. The results obtained suggest that there is a need to continue studying the evolution of SWB in early adolescence with samples from other cultures, this, in turn, will make it possible to establish the extent to which the observed decreasing-with-age trend among early adolescents is influenced by cultural factors.

This study aims to add new knowledge about what aspects adolescents between 11 and 16 years old consider important to achieve full satisfaction in life (AFSL) and to explore the relationship between these aspects, sociodemographic variables and subjective and psychological well-being indicators. The sample is comprised of 763 secondary school pupils from Girona province (north-eastern Spain) who were subject to five psychometric instruments for measuring subjective well-being, one instrument for measuring psychological well-being and the list of aspects that they consider important to achieve full satisfaction in life (AFSLs: Casas et al. 2013). Being happy, having a good time, experiencing new things and feeling that I make other people happy are the AFSLs that score highest across all age groups. The OLS (Campbell et al. 1976) is the subjective well-being indicator that correlates with the most AFSLs. Appreciating the small things in life is an AFSL that contributes to explaining the well-being measured with all the psychometric instruments used and feeling that you are a fair and honest person contributes to explaining all of them except the OLS.

The aim of this article is to identify factors influencing well-being (whether positively or negatively) reported by children and adolescents from their own perspective, in the context of focus groups and individual interviews, and variations in their answers at two different points in time (one year apart), according to: 1) their previous scores (higher or lower) measured using psychometric scales of subjective well-being (SWB) and related constructs (temperamental traits, specifically via variables related to perceptual and pleasure sensitivity and life optimism), and 2) their age (measured through school year and classified into five cohorts). Important commonalites were observed in the answers reported by participants regardless of their prior levels of SWB and related constructs, the cohort they belonged to, the two separate data collections and the data collection technique used. This finding is interpreted as being due to the existence of a shared and fairly stable bottom-up effect in children and adolescents’ well-being. However, interesting discrepances are also observed between the groups of participants, which contributes to converging theoretical explanations arising out of two different traditions in the study of well-being (the hedonic and the eudaimonic), while also furthering scientific knowledge on how to better research children and adolescents’ well-being from a qualitative point of view.

There is a need to explore variations in children’s safety perceptions for different settings (home, school and neighbourhood) and their relationship with subjective well-being (this including satisfaction with safety and satisfaction with life as whole) by comparing a variety of cultural contexts. A further objective is to explore to what extent gender, age group (10 and 12-year-olds) and level of SWB (measured using the SLSS -Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale- and the BMSLSS -Brief Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale) play a role in this prediction. Results obtained through binary logistic models with samples from Spain (n = 2,724), Algeria (n = 2432), South Africa (n = 2192) and Israel (n = 1914), show that children’s perceptions of safety are predicted by their different perceptions and evaluations of school, home and the nearby area. Perceptions of safety in the nearby area and satisfaction with safety (O.R. = 1.080) contribute to predicting higher levels of satisfaction with life as a whole to a greater extent than scores on the SLSS (O.R. = 1.036) and the BMSLSS (O.R. = 1.050) scales. The country participants live in (especially when combined with satisfaction with safety) and, to a lesser extent gender, also make important contributions. The age group they belong to plays a significant role in predicting higher perceptions of safety at home, in the area nearby, at school, and in predicting higher satisfaction with safety. Results open the door to the introduction of specific interventions (e.g. improving parent-child communication, enhancing public spaces for children to play and promoting children’s participation at school), aimed at promoting higher satisfaction with safety and also indirectly at higher satisfaction with life as a whole, on the basis of achieving positive changes of those factors which make the highest contribution.

Although children’s play environments are known to be linked to their subjective well-being (SWB), this is not a topic that has been thoroughly studied. The present article has three aims: to identify factors that can ensure an optimum play environment in relation to children’s SWB; to analyze the most relevant groups of children that share similar play environments; and to focus on social inequality according to gender, background, and conditions of poverty and disability. The cluster analysis was performed using the indicators included in the Children’s Worlds international research project, and the participants comprised 3,962 children living in Barcelona (Spain) in 2017 (mean age = 10.7). With regard to the results, overall most children reported four deficits: a lack of age-appropriate rest, not being free from peer discrimination, not feeling safe within the local neighborhood, and not having enough freedom of choice. On the positive side, children displayed low stress and boredom, high satisfaction with their free time, and reported being able to spend time or play outside almost every day, all of which contributing to a high SWB. Girls, children living in poverty or from foreign geographical or cultural backgrounds experienced this in a lesser extent. The conclusions contribute new knowledge to psychosocial interventions to improve children’s play environments and well-being.

The general aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between peer violence in the school environment (bullying), subjective well-being and perceived social support from the perspective of 910 children and adolescents in Years 6 and 7 of primary school (M = 11.90 years old; SD = 1.21). The participants were taken from 27 primary schools—both state-run and private, urban and rural—in Ceara state (Brazil). The following instruments were used: the Peer Victimization and Aggression Scale (EVAP); the Social Support from Family and Friends Scale (SSA); an index of satisfaction with different developmental contexts (home, school, neighbourhood); and as indicators of subjective well-being, three scales (Single item on Overall Life Satisfaction, Personal Well-Being Index School Children, Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale). Results indicated that aggression and victimization behaviours correlated negatively with the three well-being indicators used, while social support and satisfaction with different developmental contexts correlated positively. When considering type of involvement in bullying, victims, perpetrators and perpetrator–victims all scored lower on subjective well-being than those not involved in bullying. A model is also presented that explains 42 % of well-being. Understanding how bullying relates to well-being and how social support and favourable developmental contexts can act as protective factors are particularly important when designing public policies aimed at intervening in violence prevention and promoting well-being in childhood and adolescence.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as implicações da violência entre pares no contexto escolar, do clima escolar e da percepção dos contextos de desenvolvimento no bem-estar subjetivo de crianças e adolescentes. A amostra é composta por 910 estudantes do 6º e 7º ano do ensino fundamental, de 27 escolas, públicas e privadas, urbanas e rurais do Ceará. Trata-se de um estudo transversal quantitativo que utilizou os instrumentos escala de vitimização e agressão entre pares e de clima escolar; três índices de percepção dos contextos de desenvolvimento (casa, escola, bairro); três escalas de bem-estar (satisfação com a vida para estudantes, índice de bem-estar pessoal e item único de satisfação com a vida) para coleta de dados. Os dados passaram por análise de variância multivariada com nível de significância não superior a 0,01. Os resultados indicam que a tipologia bullying, isoladamente ou em interação com as variáveis analisadas, é a que mais impacto exerce sobre o bem-estar da população estudada, sendo os envolvidos os que apresentam as menores médias de bem-estar. Níveis baixos de percepção dos contextos casa, escola, bairro, e do clima escolar, bem como estudar em escola pública e/ou morar em zona rural, estão igualmente associados a bem-estar subjetivo baixo.

An increasing number of scientific publications have provided data from different countries suggesting subjective well-being (SWB) continuously decreases during adolescence. A review of these publications reveals authors have used dissimilar scales in diverse countries. Using data from the international Children's Worlds project (N = 48,040), involving 15 countries, a comparative analysis was performed to determine how mean scores evolve with different SWB scales from the age of 8 onwards. The results support the hypothesis that the tendency of SWB to decrease with age starts at around 10 years of age in most countries, while also confirming that different psychometric scales display different levels of sensitivity to diverse sociocultural contexts and more than one should be used in any research on children and adolescents' SWB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of a one-year follow-up study on a sample of 940 adolescents, in which participants have been classified according to the changes they have experienced in their subjective well-being (SWB), measured by means of two different single-item scales (overall life satisfaction –OLS– and happiness overall –HOL). A range of multinomial logistic regression models were employed to determine which factors lead to such differences. Results show that when OLS is considered, the factor most contributing to an increase in SWB is family self-concept, while the one most contributing to its decrease is satisfaction with the family. When HOL is taken as the dependent variable, the most important factor in predicting an increase in SWB is being valued in the future according to the amount of money I have, with life optimism being the most important factor in predicting its decrease. Only three indicators (the importance of being valued in the future according to the amount of money I have, feeling happy at home and satisfaction with myself) contribute to explaining both boys’ and girls’ models when OLS is taken as the dependent variable, while only one indicator (satisfaction with standard of living) is shared in both boys’ and girls’ models when HOL is the dependent variable. The resulting implications for adolescent SWB are discussed This article is based on data collected in the research project with reference number PSI2010-19404 and PSI2013-41512-P, founded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)

A one-year follow up study was conducted on a sample of 940 Spanish adolescents aged mostly from 10 to 15 in order to explore the extent to which their subjective well-being (SWB) changes from one year to the next, and whether these changes are the same for both genders regardless of the instrument used to measure SWB. Participants responded to the same four SWB scales twice, with an interval of a year in between. A decrease in the levels of SWB is identified from the years 11–12 onwards, the decrease in girls being more marked. Multiple-item, domain-based scales (Brief Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale and Personal Well-Being Index) are more sensitive than single-item scales (Overall Life Satisfaction and Happiness Taking into Account Overall Life) in detecting this decrease. Implications for the study of SWB are discussed from a developmental perspective This article is based on data collected in the research project with reference number PSI2010-19404 and PSI2013-41512-P, founded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)

Free time is considered to be a very important aspect of adolescents’ psychosocial development. One of the instruments that has been developed to explore motivation in relation to free time activities is Baldwin and Caldwell’s (2003) Free Time Motivation Scale for Adolescents (FTMS-A), based on Ryan and Deci (2000) Self-Determination Theory. The main aim of this study is to explore the psychometric properties of the FTM S-A after its translation and adaptation to Catalan, administering it to a sample of 2,263 adolescents aged between 11 and 18 (M= 14.99;SD =1.79) from Catalonia, Spain. To explore structural validity we follow two steps: Firstly, we analyze how the scale fits with the original model by conducting a CFA on the whole sample; secondly, we conduct an EFA on one half of the sample and a CFA on the other half in order to identify which structure best suits the sample. We also analyze convergent validity using three indicators of subjective well-being: The Personal Well-Being Index (PWI), the Satisfaction with Life scale (SWLS) and the Overall Life Satisfaction scale (OLS). The initial CFA produces a 5-factor model like the original, but with goodness of fit indices that do not reach the acceptable minimum. The EFA and the second CFA show a good fit for a 3-dimensional model (χ2(90)= 320.293;RMSEA= .048;NNFI= .92;CFI= .94) comprising introjected motivation, intrinsic motivation and amotivation. The correlations obtained between the FTMS-A and the three measures of subjective well-being scales show an association between free time motivations and this construct. Due to the model of scale used in the present study differs from the original, it is proposed that the new scale structure with 16 items be tested in the future in different cultural contexts.

The current study emphasizes the importance of active and productive aging to promote health and autonomy among older adults, highlighting effects on social and familial levels. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 198 individuals older than 65 living in Palafrugell, Spain with the objective of determining which factors influence informal helping behavior among older adults and the relationship between these factors and well-being and variables such as perception of health and economic status. Satisfaction with free time and participation in various activities, as well as education level in individuals younger than 80, were identified as predictors of helping behavior. A statistically significant and positive relationship was observed between helping others and satisfaction with free time and feeling happy. This study contributes to understanding prosocial behavior among older adults by examining the relationship between prosocial behavior and subjective well-being and contribution to productive aging. [Res Gerontol Nurs. 2018; 11(6):306–315.]

This work describes an experience conducted by a group of professors from different departments at the University of Girona (Catalonia, Spain) which arose from the need for interdisciplinary work in university classrooms in order to promote competences relevant to the professional sector.As part of this experience, students from different degree programs were challenged to work collaboratively and in an interdisciplinary manner on a project related to the management of a school cafeteria designed for a real educational center. The work promoted the development of competences that are otherwise difficult to attain through activities that lack an interdisciplinary approach, which are key in today's professional world, such as multi-professional teamwork. Based on this experience, the feasibility of students from different areas of study carrying out a final degree project (FDP) that meets real, contextualized needs and requires the contribution of knowledge from different disciplines is considered.

The scope of this study is to analyze the implications of peer violence in the school context, the school environment and the perceived developmental contexts on the subjective well-being of children and adolescents. The sample is comprised of 910 students in Years 6 and 7 of primary school in 27 urban and rural public and private schools in Ceará. It is a quantitative cross-sectional study and the following tools were used: scales measuring victimization and aggression among peers and the school environment; three indices on perceptions of developmental contexts (home, school, neighborhood); and three well-being scales (Students' Life Satisfaction Scale, Personal Well-being Index and Single item on Overall Life Satisfaction). Data were analyzed using multivariate variance analysis, with a significance level below 0, 01. Results indicate that bullying, alone or in interaction with the variables analyzed, is the variable that has the greatest impact on the well-being of the population studied, whereby those involved in bullying have the lowest well-being averages. Low levels of perception regarding the contexts of home, school and neighborhood and the school environment, as well as attending a public school and/or living in rural areas, are all also associated with low subjective well-being.O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as implicações da violência entre pares no contexto escolar, do clima escolar e da percepção dos contextos de desenvolvimento no bem-estar subjetivo de crianças e adolescentes. A amostra é composta por 910 estudantes do 6º e 7º ano do ensino fundamental, de 27 escolas, públicas e privadas, urbanas e rurais do Ceará. Trata-se de um estudo transversal quantitativo que utilizou os instrumentos escala de vitimização e agressão entre pares e de clima escolar; três índices de percepção dos contextos de desenvolvimento (casa, escola, bairro); três escalas de bem-estar (satisfação com a vida para estudantes, índice de bem-estar pessoal e item único de satisfação com a vida) para coleta de dados. Os dados passaram por análise de variância multivariada com nível de significância não superior a 0,01. Os resultados indicam que a tipologia bullying, isoladamente ou em interação com as variáveis analisadas, é a que mais impacto exerce sobre o bem-estar da população estudada, sendo os envolvidos os que apresentam as menores médias de bem-estar. Níveis baixos de percepção dos contextos casa, escola, bairro, e do clima escolar, bem como estudar em escola pública e/ou morar em zona rural, estão igualmente associados a bem-estar subjetivo baixo.

The study's overall objective was to investigate the relationship between psychosocial stressors, sense of community, and subjective wellbeing in urban and rural schoolchildren in Northeast Brazil, focusing on differences according to territorial context. The sample consisted of 757 participants, 495 from urban schools and 262 from rural schools, enrolled in the 6th and 7th grades (9 to 18 years of age) in 21 municipal and state public schools, of which 13 urban and 8 rural, in 7 municipalities (counties) in Ceará State, Brazil. The study instruments were inventory of stressful events, scale of life satisfaction for students, index of sense of community, and satisfaction indices by life domains (family, material goods, relations, neighborhood/zone, health, time, school, and personal). The results indicate that socioeconomically underprivileged public schoolchildren from urban areas are more exposed to daily stress and score lower on satisfaction in specific domains of life and on sense of community. This latter is an important indicator for evaluating wellbeing in this young population.

The few studies that have been conducted into the psychometric properties of the EATQ-R, even fewer for the longer version, highlight the fact that its structure differs from that of the original. The aim of this study is to translate and adapt the long version of the EATQ-R to Catalan, study its internal consistency and convergent and factorial validity, and compare differences in the EATQ-R by age and gender. The EATQ-R was administered to a sample of 1481 secondary school students ranging in age from 11 to 17 years. After eliminating 40 items from the 86 comprising the EATQ-R, an adjusted model was obtained with acceptable fit indices comprising 8 of the original 11 factors. Los pocos estudios realizados sobre las propiedades psicométricas del EATQ-R, todavía más escasos en la versión larga, señalan una estructura diferente de la original. El objetivo de este estudio es traducir y adaptar al catalán la versión larga del EATQ-R, estudiar su consistencia interna y validez factorial y analizar las diferencias de género y edad en el EATQ-R. Para ello se han administrado el EATQ-R a una muestra de 1481 alumnos de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria de edades comprendidas entre 12 y 17 años. Una vez eliminados un total de 40 ítems, de los 86 que componen el EATQ-R, se ha obtenido un modelo corregido, con unos índices de ajuste aceptables, formado por 8 de los 11 factores originales.