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Ülkemizde demir-çelik üretimi esnasında her yıl tonlarca ağırlıkta tufal oluşmaktadır. Son yıllarda demir-çelik tüketim miktarındaki artış, hammadde kaynaklarındaki azalmayı beraberinde getirmiştir ve bu yüzden yapısında yüksek oranda demir barındıran tufale karşı ilgiyi arttırmıştır. Yeniden ergitilme veya redüksiyon gibi farklı uygulamalarda değerlendirilebilen tufalin hammadde olarak kullanımı geri kazanım adına farklı bir alan oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada katkı maddesi olarak kullanılan çelik tufalinin akrilonitril bütadien stiren (ABS) polimer matris üzerindeki fiziksel etkileri incelenmiştir. Tufal, çelik kütük üzerinden püskürtme ile ayrıştırıldığından farklı boyutlarda olurlar. Bu sebeple öğütücü ile toz haline getirilen çelik tufali, ABS ile homojen bir karışım elde etmek için ekstrüde edilmiştir. Standartlara uygun boyutlardaki test numuneleri enjeksiyon makinesinde kalıplanarak kompozitlerin yoğunluk, aşınma, ısıl çarpılma sıcaklığı (HDT), vicat yumuşama sıcaklığı, erime akış indeksi (MFI), nem, sertlik testleri ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile mikroyapı incelemesi yapılmıştır. Deney sonuçlarına göre; tufal ilavesiyle aşınma oranının düştüğü fakat tufal oranının artışıyla birlikte aşınma oranında bir atış görülmüştür. Ayrıca tufal ilavesi ile yoğunluk, vicat yumuşama sıcaklığını, ısıl çarpılma sıcaklığı değeri artmış buna karşılık nem emme ve erime akış indeksi değerlerinde ise düşüş tespit edilmiştir.

Plastics, which have a wide range in terms of production method, have also replaced traditional materials because their chemical and physical properties can be changed in the desired direction. The structural changes that occur when functional filler-additives are used during production cause improvements in many physical properties of the new plastic obtained. The use of boron and boron compounds as additives positively affects the mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical and physical properties of the polymer composite. As it is known, plastics, which are flammable by nature, have a low oxygen index and therefore pose a danger to human life and the environment due to the threat of fire. In this study, the effects of zinc borate, which has flame retardant property, on the physical and morphological properties of polypropylene were investigated. In addition, the effects of aging were investigated by UV aging at 70C for 15 and 30 days on the polymer composites produced in the study. PP/ZnB polymer composites with different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20%) were produced in a twin screw extruder to provide a more homogeneous mixture. Test samples of polymer composites, which were brought into granule form with the help of a grinder, were successfully molded in the injection machine. Limit oxygen index (LOI) to examine the flaming behavior of the samples, heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening point, melt flow index (MFI) test to examine the thermal behavior, moisture content and density test to examine the physical properties of the samples were performed. The microstructure examination of polymer composites was made with a scan electron microscope (SEM).

Bu deneysel araştırmada; polipropilen (PP) üzüm sapı ve çeltik karışımlarının özelliklerinin atık cam elyaf ilavesi ile geliştirilmesi üzerine çalışılmıştır. Atık olan üzüm sapı ve çeltiğin yeniden kullanılabilir bir malzeme olma potansiyeli diğer merak edilen bir konuyu oluşturmuştur. Polipropilen üzüm sapı ve çeltik çift vidalı ekstrüderde homojen bir karışım sağlamak için karıştırılmıştır. PP içerisine %20 oranında üzüm sapı-çeltik katılmıştır. Atık cam elyaf ise %10-15 ve 20 oranlarında katılmıştır. Daha sonra enjeksiyon makinesinde test numuneleri basılmıştır. Kalıplanan numunelere; ergime akış indeksi, nem emme, ısıl çarpılma sıcaklığı, vicat yumuşama sıcaklığı, aşınma oranı, statik ve dinamik sürtünme katsayısı ve taramalı elektron mikroskobisi (SEM) testleri yapılmıştır. Testlerin sonuçları incelenerek üzüm sapı-çeltik ve atık cam elyaf miktarının PP üzerindeki etkileri belirlenmiştir. Yapılan testlerin sonuçlarına göre, matris içerisinde üzüm sapı-çeltik karışımı ve atık cam elyaf oranlarının artmasıyla; ergime akış indeksi, nem emme ve sürtünme katsayısı değerlerinin düştüğü buna karşılık ısıl çarpılma sıcaklığı, vicat yumuşama sıcaklığı ve aşınma oranı değerlerinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir.

In this experimental research; It has been studied to improve the properties of polypropylene grape stalk and paddy mixtures by adding waste glass fiber. The potential of waste grape stalk and paddy to be a reusable material has created another curious subject. Polypropylene grape stalk and paddy were mixed in a twin screw extruder to provide a homogeneous mixture. Paddy; It is known as rice husk. Grape stalk-paddy was added to the PP at the rate of 20%. Glass fiber was added at 10-15% and 20% rates. Then the test samples were molded on the injection machine. Molded samples; Tensile, hardness, impact, density and scanning electron microscopy tests were performed. By examining the results of the tests, the effects of grape stalk-paddy and glass fiber amount on polypropylene were determined. Bu deneysel araştırmada; polipropilen (PP) üzüm sapı ve çeltik karışımlarının özelliklerinin atık cam elyaf ilavesi ile geliştirilmesi üzerine çalışılmıştır. Atık olan üzüm sapı ve çeltiğin yeniden kullanılabilir bir malzeme olma potansiyeli diğer merak edilen bir konuyu oluşturmuştur. Polipropilen üzüm sapı ve çeltik çift vidalı ekstrüderde homojen bir karışım sağlamak için karıştırılmıştır. Çeltik; pirinç kabuğu olarak bilinmektedir. PP içerisine %20 oranında üzüm sapı-çeltik katılmıştır. Cam elyaf ise %10-15 ve 20 oranlarında katılmıştır. Daha sonra enjeksiyon makinesinde test numuneleri basılmıştır. Kalıplanan numunelere; çekme, sertlik, darbe, yoğunluk ve taramalı elektron mikroskobisi testleri yapılmıştır. Testlerin sonuçları incelenerek üzüm sapı-çeltik ve cam elyaf miktarının polipropilen üzerindeki etkileri belirlenmiştir.

Bu çalışmada; düşük yoğunluklu polietilen (LDPE) içerisine farklı oranlarda polistiren (PS), stiren etilen bütadien stiren termoplastik blok kopolimeri (SBS) ve montmorillonite nanokil katarak bir polimer kompoziti üretilmiştir. Tüm malzemeler çift vidalı ekstrüzyon makinesinde karıştırılarak altı farklı polimer kompoziti elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra elde edilen bu polimer kompozitlerinden enjeksiyon kalıplama yöntemi ile kalıplama yaparak standart test numuneleri basılmıştır. Kompozitin çeşitli mekanik özellikleri hakkında bilgi edinmek için çekme testi, üç nokta eğme testi, sertlik testi ve darbe testleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca nanokil tozlarının matris içerisinde dağılımlarını görmek için darbe testleri sonucundan elde edilen kırık yüzeylerden taramalı elektron mikroskobisi (SEM) ile fotoğrafları çekilmiştir. Yapılan testlerin sonuçlarına göre, matris içerisinde nanokil toz oranının artmasıyla; elastiklik modülü, çekme mukavemeti, kopma mukavemeti, eğilme modülü, maksimum eğilme mukavemeti ve sertlik değerlerinin arttığı buna karşılık kopma uzaması, darbe mukavemeti ve eğilme uzaması değerlerinin düştüğü tespit edilmiştir.

Bu çalışmada; toz haline getirilmiş zeytin çekirdeği tozları polipropilen (PP) polimeri içerisine %5-10-15 ve 20 oranında katılarak çift vidalı ekstrüzyon makinesinde karıştırılarak dört farklı kompozit malzeme üretilmiştir. Polipropilen ve zeytin çekirdeği tozları arasındaki uyumluluğu artırmak için kompozite %5 oranında maleik anhidrit aşılanmış polipropilen (MA-g-PP) eklenmiştir. Daha sonra granül halindeki kompozit malzemeler enjeksiyon kalıplama yöntemi ile kalıplanarak standart test numuneleri basılmıştır. Kompozitin çeşitli fiziksel ve aşınma özellikleri hakkında bilgi edinmek için Vicat yumuşama sıcaklığı, ısıl çarpılma sıcaklığı, nem emme oranı, erime akış indeksi, oksijen indeksi ve aşınma testleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca zeytin çekirdeği tozlarının matris içerisinde dağılımlarını görmek için darbe testleri sonucundan elde edilen kırık yüzeylerden taramalı elektron mikroskobisi (SEM) ile fotoğrafları çekilmiştir. Yapılan testlerin sonuçlarına göre, matris içerisinde zeytin çekirdeği toz (ZÇT) oranının artmasıyla; Vicat yumuşama sıcaklığı, ısıl çarpılma sıcaklığı, nem emme mikrarı ve aşınma oranı değerlerinin yükseldiği buna karşılık erime akış indeksi ve oksijen indeksi değerlerinin ise düştüğü tespit edilmiştir.

In this study, ground hazelnut shell powder was used in high density polyethylene matrix composites as filler. In this study, the effects of additions of nutshell powder content and thermal aging time (15 and 30 days) on the physical & wear properties of polymer composites were investigated. Nutshell powder, in four different concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20 wt %) were added to HDPE to produce composites. The limit oxygen index), melt flow index), heat deflection temperature and Vicat softening point of HDPE/nutshell powder composites decreased as the nutshell powder concentration increases whereas moisture content and wear rate increased. On the one hand, some physical properties such as Vicat softening point, HDT, MFI and wear rate of HDPE/nutshell powder polymer composites increased as the thermal holding time increases from 0 days to 30 days. On the other hand, moisture content and LOI of HDPE/nutshell powder polymer composites decreased as the thermal holding time increases from 0 days to 30 days., Bu çalışmada, fındık kabuğu tozları yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen içerisine katılarak bir polimer kompoziti elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra elde edilen bu polimer kompozitine değişik ısıl yaşlandırma sürelerinde (15 ve 30 gün) yaşlandırma işlemi yapılmış ve fiziksel & mekaniksel özellikleri incelenmiştir. Fındık kabuğu tozları yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen matrisi içerisine dört farklı oranda (% 5-10-15 ve 20) katılmıştır. Yapılan testlerin sonuçlarına göre, matris içerisinde fındık kabuğu toz oranlarının artmasıyla; limit oksijen indeksi (LOI), erime akış indeksi (MFI), ısıl çarpılma sıcaklığı (HDT) ve Vicat yumuşama sıcaklığı değerlerinin düştüğü buna karşılık nem miktarı ve aşınma oranı değerlerinin yükseldiği tespit edilmiştir. Diğer yandan ısıl işlem süresinin artmasıyla da Vicat yumuşama sıcaklığı, ısıl çarpılma sıcaklığı, erime akış indeksi ve aşınma oranlarının arttığı belirlenmiştir. Buna karşılık ısıl yaşlandırma süresinin artması ile HDPE/FK kompozitinin nem emme ve limit oksijen endeksi değerleri düşmüştür.

Bu çalışmada, yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen matris içerisine ağırlıkça % 5, 10, 20 ve % 30 oranlarında öğütülmüş üre formaldehit tozu katılmış ve ekstrüde edilmiştir. Daha sonra elde edilen karışımlar kurutulmuş ve enjeksiyon makinesinde standartlara uygun olarak test numuneleri basılmıştır. Test numuneleri testlere tabi tutularak oluşturulan polimer karışımında üre formaldehit toz oranının artmasıyla elastiklik modül değeri, kopma mukavemeti, akma mukavemeti, % uzama miktarı, sertlik değeri ve yoğunluk değerlerinin nasıl değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca üre formaldehit partiküllerinin yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen matris içerisinde nasıl dağıldığını belirlemek için SEM mikroyapı fotoğrafları çekilerek mikroyapı analizleri yapılmıştır., In this study, high density polyethylene matrix contributes to ground urea formaldehyde powder is handled as 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt% ratio will be mixed in the extruder. Mixture obtained from the extruder to be granulated and then the granules will be obtained as appropriate standard test sample of the injection molding machine. Mechanical and morphological tests will be applied such as elasticity modulus, yield strength, tensile strength at break, % elongation, Izod impact strength, hardness and density. Also, SEM examination will be conducted to evaluate the microstructure of urea formaldehyde particles as well as material distribution in these experiments.

In the present study, the effect of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) ratio on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of polypropylene/hollow glass spheres (PP/HGS) composites was investigated. Hollow glass spheres content was constant at 20 wt % and MA-g-PP was set at four different levels: 1, 5, 10 and 15 wt % in PP/HGS composites. The mechanical properties of polymer composites as a function of temperature were measured using dynamic mechanic analyzer. The oxidation induction times tests and thermal properties were carried out in thermogravimetric differential thermal analyzer in order to determine thermo-oxidative performance and thermal stability of the composites. Moreover, the x-ray diffraction (XRD), the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry and the scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the structural characteristics of the polymer composites. The results demonstrated that the increased MAPP content enhanced dynamic mechanical and thermal oxidative aging properties of PP /HGS composites. The addition of MAPP did not alter the crystal structure according to XRD results.

In this study; a polymer composite was produced by adding different proportions of polystyrene (PS), styrene ethylene butadiene styrene thermoplastic block copolymer (SBS) and montmorillonite nanoclay into low density polyethylene (LDPE). Six different polymer composites were produced by mixing all materials in a twin screw extruder. Later, standard test samples were molded from the obtained polymer composites by injection molding method. To learn about the various physical and wear properties of polymer composite materials obtained; Vicat softening temperature, moisture content, melt flow index (MFI), thermal deflection temperature (HDT), friction coefficient, density and wear tests were performed. In addition, in order to see the distribution of montmorillonite in the polymer matrix, microstructure photographs were taken with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) by using fracture surfaces of impact test samples. According to the results obtained from the tests carried out, which are included in low density polyethylene matrix; It has been determined that there are significant changes in the physical and abrasion values of the polymer composite with the change of PS, SBS and nano clay ratios., Bu çalışmada; düşük yoğunluklu polietilen (LDPE) içerisine farklı oranlarda polistiren (PS), stiren etilen bütadien stiren termoplastik blok kopolimeri (SBS) ve montmorillonite nanokil katarak bir polimer kompoziti üretilmiştir. Tüm malzemeler çift vidalı ekstrüzyon makinesinde karıştırılarak altı farklı polimer kompoziti üretilmiştir. Daha sonra elde edilen bu polimer kompozitlerinden enjeksiyon kalıplama yöntemi ile kalıplama yapılarak standart test numuneleri basılmıştır. Elde edilen polimer kompozit malzemelerin çeşitli fiziksel ve aşınma özellikleri hakkında bilgi edinmek için; Vicat yumuşama sıcaklığı, nem emme oranı, erime akış indeksi (MFI), ısıl çarpılma sıcaklığı (HDT), sürtünme katsayısı, yoğunluk ve aşınma testleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca darbe testi numunelerinin kırık yüzeylerinden taramalı elektron mikroskobisi (SEM) ile mikroyapı fotoğrafları çekilmiştir. Yapılan testler sonucunda düşük yoğunluklu polietilen içerisine katılan; PS, SBS ve nano kil oranlarının değişimi ile polimer kompozitinin fiziksel ve aşınma değerlerinde önemli değişimlerin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

There is a growing research interest in bio-based products due to the rapid consumption of natural sources and synthetic production activities that are responsible for environmental pollution. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of United Nations, or the Common Fund for Commodities (CFC), for leaving a clean environment for future generations and disposing of harmful chemicals has foreseen the use of herbal-based materials; thus, legislation on the use of natural materials and wastes has been adopted by governments in this context.

Cotton is the most generally used fiber in the textile industry and it is utilized in all areas of textiles. The amount of cotton production is approximately four to five million tons annually on a global scale.

In the present work, the friction and wear properties of Polypropylene (PP) based composites filled with Hydroxyapatite (HA) particles were studied. Fillers contents in the PP were 10, 20, and 30 wt%. The effects of hydroxyapatite ratio on the water absorption, friction and wear properties of the polymer composites is presented. The result showed that the addition of HA to the composite changed the water absorption, friction coefficient and wear rate.

The outgrowing ecological and socio-economic awareness, high consumption of petroleum resources and new environmentally strong regulations especially in European countries have prompted researchers to investigate on green materials compatible with the environment. As replacements for conventional synthetic fibers like aramid and glass fibers, natural fibers are increasingly used for reinforcement in thermoplastics due to their low density, good thermal insulation and mechanical properties, reduced tool wear, unlimited availability, low price, and problem-free disposal. The purpose for the addition of cellulose-based fillers to thermoplastics is to reduce the cost per unit volume and to improve stiffness.In the present work I have prepared a series of filled Polypropylene (PP) composites with olive pit and almond shell flour loading (between 0–40 wt %), to study the effect of the filler content on the mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene polymer composites.

In the present study, we attempt to use powder of glass spheres filler and reinforce material in HDPE to produce composite structure and then evaluate its mechanical properties to study the effect of welding parameters and filler content on mechanical properties of HDPE. The effect of welding parameters (tool rotational speed, the plunge depth and the dwell time) on friction stir spot welding properties of high density polyethylene/glass spheres (hollow) polymer composites sheets was studied.

The polymer blends offer end products with better thermo-mechanical properties and they can be more economical. Hence, the interest in the blends by the plastics industry has been increasing and the industry has been moving towards more complex systems.In the present work, an attempt was made to improve compatibility in a polymer blend composed of two normally incompatible constituents, namely, low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polystyrene (PS), through the addition of a compatibilizer. The compatibilizing agent, styrene–ethylene-butadiene–styrene block copolymer (SEBS), was added to the polymer blend in ratios of 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt% with a twin-screw extruder. The morphology and the compatibility of the mixtures were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Further, all blends of LDPE/PS/SEBS were tested to examination to obtain their tribological properties. The result showed that the addition of SEBS to the PS/LDPE blend increased the friction coefficient and the wear rate.

Water absorption and mechanical performance of the injection-molded hybrid composites prepared from different ratios of two polymer blends (57 wt%), two compatibilizers (3 wt%), and two wood species (40 wt%) were investigated. The ratio of polypropylene and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) gradually increased in the blend (from 10 to 30 wt%). Styrene–ethylene–butylene–styreneblock copolymer and maleic anhydride-grafted PP (MAPP) were used as compatibilizer (3 wt%). The shore D hardness of the PP/wood composites was improved by the incorporation of the HIPS. The HIPS/wood flour composites showed higher tensile modulus but lower tensile strength than the PP/wood composites. The water resistance of the PP/wood composites decreased with increasing HIPS content. POLYM. COMPOS., 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

Wood Polymer Composites (WPCs) have attracted attention in recent years because of growing ecological, social, and economic awareness. This study focuses on polymer composites filled with olive pit particles. In the present study, the test specimens were prepared with different ratios of mixtures that contain polypropylene (PP), olive pit particles in four different concentrations (5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 wt%), and maleic anhydride as modifier. The mechanical, thermal, and viscoelastic properties of the WPC were obtained using Dynamic Mechanic Analyzer test equipment and a thermogravimetric differential thermal analyzer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was carried out in order to determine the chemical bonds of these materials. The specimens were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results of the study demonstrated that olive pit particles could be used as reinforcement for PP because of their good thermal and mechanical effects.

In the present work, high density polyethylene based composites filled with glass spheres, talc and calcite particles were prepared. Fillers contents in the HDPE were 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%. The mechanical, morphological and tribological properties of the polymer composites were investigated. Substantial improvements in the some mechanical properties were obtained by the addition of filler. For example, the results showed that the elasticity modulus of composites improved with increasing the filler content. The addition of fillers to the HDPE changed significantly the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites. HDPE filled with a high level content of fillers showed higher wear rate than pure HDPE under dry sliding. The structure and properties of the composites are characterized using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

In the present work, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene based composites filled with aluminum, boron carbide and glass spheres particles were prepared. Fillers contents in the ABS were 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%. The mechanical and wear properties of the polymer composites were investigated. The structural properties of the composites are characterized using a scanning electron microscopy. Keyword: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, wear, friction, mechanical properties, talc.

A sound absorption material composed of styrene ethylene butadiene styrene, high impact polystyrene and CaCO3 has been developed. Its sound absorbing characteristic was investigated in the impedance tube, according to transfer function method. Measurements show that HIPS ratios have effect on the absorption performance of the blend because of their microstructures and features. The structure and properties of the blend is characterized using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, styrene ethylene butadiene styrene and high impact polystyrene polymer blend was subjected to examinations to obtain their hardness and Izod impact strength. When the sound absorption characteristics of the materials are examined, a unsteady behaviour is observed up to the level of 1600 Hz. It is determined that sound absorption characteristics of all materials increase after this point. A high and steady behaviour is observed, particularly after 4800 Hz.

In this paper, carbon dioxide (CO2) is used to form a high-density microcellular thermoplastic foam structure in order to reduce polymer consumption and facilitate dispersion of Mg (OH)2 and nanoclay fillers. A twin-screw extruder system was used to predistribute inorganic fillers into the ABS polymer, resulting in composite ABS/filler pellets. This is followed by the use of a single-screw extruder wherein supercritical carbon dioxide is introduced into the formulation. Finally, the resulting foam ABS/filler/CO2 pellets are injection- molded into test samples. The structure and properties of the composites are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, ABS/Mg(OH)2/nanoclay polymer composite samples are tested to obtain their yield and tensile strengths, elastic moduli, yield and tensile elongations, izod impact strengths, hardness values, heat deflection temperatures (HDT), Vicat softening points, and melt flow indices (MFI). These test...

In this article the effect of PS on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of SEBS, SIS and SBR type elastomers –based material was investigated in flow direction 0o and flow direction 90o. The structure and properties of the composites are characterized using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, SEBS/PS, SIS/PS and SBR/PS polymer blends were subjected to examinations to obtain their elasticity modulus, yield strengths, strength at break, elongation at break, hardness, Izod impact strength, wear rate, melt flow index (MFI), vicat softening point and heat deflection temperature (HDT). In two directions, with the increased amount of HIPS in SEBS/HIPS/CaCO3, SIS/HIPS/CaCO3 and SBR/HIPS polymer blends, the elasticity modulus, yield strengths, strength at break, hardness, Izod impact strength, MFI, HDT, vicat value and wear rate of the resultant material increased, whereas the elongation at break...

A sound absorption material composed of styrene butadiene rubber and high impact polystyrene blend has been developed. With the increased amount of HIPS in SBR/HIPS polymer blends, hardness and Izod impact strength values of the resultant material increased. Sound-absorbing characteristics of SBR/HIPS polymer blends were investigated in the impedance tube, according to transfer function method. The sound absorption coefficients are generally above 0.2 with the maximum of 0.5. It reveals that soft blends have good sound absorption ability in 4000 Hz frequency range. For all groups the least sound absorption rate was seen in the area of 315 Hz at the rate of 0.01. With the increase of frequency for all groups impedance ratio decreased. With addition of SBR rubber to the HIPS, the adhesion and distribution of the present phases were considerably enhanced as well.

In this article, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is used to form a high density microcellular foam structure to reduce the polymer use and facilitate dispersion of Mg(OH)2 and Nanoclay fillers. A twin-screw extruder system was used to predistribute the inorganic filler from the PP polymer, resulting composite PP/filler pellets. This followed by the use of a single-screw extruder wherein supercritical carbon dioxide is introduced in the formulation. Finally the resulting foam PP/filler/CO2 pellets are injection molded into test samples. The structure and properties of the composites are characterized using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and density measurements. Furthermore, PP/Clay/Mg(OH)2 polymer composites are subjected to examinations to obtain their yield and tensile strengths, elasticity modulus, % elongation, Izod impact strength, hardness, Heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening point and Melt flow index (MFI).

In this study, the effect of PS on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of SEBS and SIS type elastomers -based shoe sole material was investigated in flow direction 0o and flow direction 90o. The structure and properties of the composites are characterized using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, SEBS/PS and SIS/PS polymer blends were subjected to examinations to obtain their elasticity modulus, yield strengths, strength @ break, elongation @ break, hardness, izod impact strength, wear rate, melt flow index (MFI), vicat softening point and heat deflection temperature (HDT).

Mechanical properties of metal-polymer matrix composites were investigated experimentally. High density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) were used as the polymer matrix and Fe powder in 5, 10, and 15 vol% was used as the metal. The modulus of elasticity, yield and tensile strength, % elongation, Izod notched impact strength, Shore D hardness, and fracture surfaces of the composites were determined. It was found that vol% Fe reduced the Izod impact strength of HDPE much more than that of PP and PS, while Fe powder increased the hardness of HDPE more than that of PP and PS. Among the composites, PS-Fe composites had higher yield, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity than HDPE-Fe and PP-Fe composites. However, % elongation of PS-Fe composites was lower than that of the other composites. In addition, HDPE- and PP-based composites exhibited ductile type fracture, while PS-Fe composites exhibited brittle type fracture.

Dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blends were first described by Fisher. In the 1960s, the usage of TPE was low. However, the consumption of TPE is increasing today. Due to hard and soft polymer phases in its structure, TPE replaced a lot of materials. TPE materials are preferred today due to their good thermal properties, oxidation resistance, transparency, adhesion, compatibility with other polymers etc. As a result of the studies that were done in 1975, TPV—vulcanized thermoplastic elastomers were developed. In this study, TPV elastomers were produced by forming crosslinks with peroxide from different ratios, of EPDM and PP. Mixing was done with twin screw extruder. After that yield and tensile strength, the modulus of elasticity, % elongation, Izod impact strength, hardness, Melt Flow Index (MFI), Vicat Softening Point, Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT), and density of crosslinks were determined. Thermal transition temperatures and microstructure were determined with DSC and SEM, re...

Interfacial agents as compatibilizers have recently been introduced into polymer blends to improve microstructure and mechanical properties of thermoplastics. In this way, it is possible to prepare a mixture of polymeric materials that can have superior mechanical properties over a wide temperature range. In this study, an incompatible blend of Polycarbonate (PC) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Copolymer were made compatible by addition of 5, 10, and 20% Styrene–Isopren–Styrene Copolymer (SIS). The mixing operation was conducted using a twin-screw extruder. The morphology and the compatibility of the mixtures were examined by SEM and DSC techniques. Furthermore, the elastic modulus, tensile and yield strengths, percentage elongation, hardness, melt flow index, Izod impact resistance, heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening point values of polymer alloys of various ratios were determined. It was found that addition of SIS to the structures decreased the tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus, and hardness, whereas it increased Izod impact strength and percentage elongation values. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 559–566, 2006

The importance of alloys and blends has in- creased gradually in the polymer industry so that the plas- tics industry has moved toward complex systems. The main reasons for making polymer blends are the strengthening and the economic aspects of the resultant product. In this study, I attempted to improve compatibility in a polymer blend composed of two normally incompatible constituents, namely, acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene (ABS) and polycar- bonate (PC), through the addition of a compatibilizer. The compatibilizing agent, styrene- butadiene-styrene block co- polymer (SBS), was added to the polymer blend in ratios of 1, 5, and 10% with a twin-screw extruder. The morphology and the compatibility of the mixtures were examined by scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning cal- orimetry. Further, all three blends of ABS/PC/SBS were subjected to examination to obtain their yield and tensile strengths, elasticity modulus, percentage elongation, Izod impact strength, hardness, heat deflection temperature, Vi- cat softening point, and melt flow index. © 2004 Wiley Peri

Interfacial agents as compatibilizers have re- cently been introduced into polymer blends to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of thermoplastics. In this way, it is possible to prepare a mixture of polymeric materials that can have superior mechanical properties over a wide temperature range. In this study, an incompatible blend of polypropylene (PP) and polyamide-6 (PA6) were made compatible by the addition of 10% styrene- ethylene- butadiene-styrene copolymer (SEBS). The mixing operation was conducted by using a twin-screw extruder. The mor- phology and the compatibility of the mixtures were exam- ined by SEM and DSC techniques. Furthermore, the elastic modulus, tensile and yield strengths, percentage elongation, hardness, melt flow index, Izod impact resistance, heat de- flection temperature (HDT), and Vicat softening point val- ues of polymer alloys of various ratios were determined. It was found that the addition of SEBS to the structures de- creased the tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus, and hardness, whereas it increased the Izod impact strength and percentage elongation values. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals

In order to prepare an ideal mixture, the physical and chemical properties of the constituent polymers must be known in detail. Thus, selection of the polymers that will constitute the mixture and a thorough study of the mixing methods and the economic factors become important. A rigid plastic is toughened by dispersing a small amount of rubbery material (generally 5–20%) in the rigid plastic matrix. Such a mixture of plastics is characterized by its impact resistance. Among thermoplastics toughened in this way are polystyrene (PS), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(methyl methacrylate), polypropylene, polycarbonate, and nylons, and recently thermoset resins such as epoxies, unsaturated polyester resins, and polyamids. In this study PS and high-density polyethylene polymers were mixed in various ratios. In order to increase the compatibility of the mixtures, 5, 7.5, and 10% SBS copolymer was also added. The mixing operation was conducted by using a twin-screw extruder. The morphology and the compatibility of the mixtures were examined by using SEM and DSC techniques. Furthermore, the elastic modulus, yield and tensile strengths, percent elongation, Izod impact resistance, hardness, and melt flow index values of the polymer alloys of various ratios were determined. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2967–2975, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.2325

In the present work, the friction and wear properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene based composites filled with aluminum, boron carbide and glass spheres particles were studied. Fillers contents in the ABS were 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%. The result showed that the addition of fillers to the composite changed the friction coefficient and wear rate. All specimen wear loss increases with increasing load and sliding distance; meanwhile the friction (static and dynamic) coefficient increases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.20.4.7883

Polymer alloys and blends, whose major advantage is the potential of achieving a range of physical and mechanical properties, have continued to be a subject of interest over recent years. Addition of a block or graft copolymer, with chemically similar segments to those involved in the polymer blend considered, led to a variety of desirable properties. The copolymer added to the blend functioned to promote a homogeneous dispersion of the constituent phases and to enhance their mutual adhesion. Such agents that enable better dispersion in polymer blends are known as compatibilizers. In this study an attempt has been made to improve the compatibility in a polymer blend composed of two normally incompatible constituents, LDPE and PA6, by addition of a compatibilizer. The compatibilizer agent, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), was added to the polymer blend in ratios of 1, 5, and 10% by using a twin-screw extruder. The effect of EVA on the crystallization of the polymer constituents was observed through DSC examinations. Furthermore, the control sample and all three blends of LDPE/PA6/EVA were subjected to examinations to obtain their yield and tensile strengths, elasticity modulus, percentage elongation, izod impact strength, hardness, and melt flow index. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1748–1754, 2001

The importance of polymer composites among industrial materials is due to their improved mechanical properties. In recent researches, mechanical and physical properties have been improved by way of making composites with fiber reinforcement. Silk and cotton fibers used in the textile industry have good physical and mechanical properties. In this study, composite structures were produced by using recycled Poly Propylene, PP, polymer with silk and cotton waste as fiber reinforcement in different ratios. The fiber dimensions of silk and cotton wastes were between 1mm, 2.5mm, and 5mm. They were mixed in the ratios of PP/silk and cotton waste 97%/3 and 94%/6. The mixture of polymer composite was prepared with double screw extruder. The sample was tested for tensile strength, elongation, yield strength, elasticity modulus, izod impact strength, melt flow index (MFI), heat deflection temperature (HDT), and vicat softening temperature. Thermal transitions of the materials were determined with Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and micro-structure properties were observed with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

Bu çalışmada; toz haline getirilmiş fındık kabukları, yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen içerisine, %5-10-15 ve 20 oranında katılarakenjeksiyon kalıplama yöntemiyle fındık kabuğu katkılı dört farklı polimer kompozit malzeme üretilmiştir. Malzemelere 15 ve30 gün süreyle ısıl yaşlandırma işlemi yapılmış ve malzemelerin fiziksel ve mekaniksel özellikleri incelenmiştir. Yapılantestlerin sonuçlarına göre, matris içerisinde fındık kabuğu toz oranlarının artmasıyla; limit oksijen indeksi (LOI), erime akışindeksi (MFI), ısıl çarpılma sıcaklığı (HDT) ve Vicat yumuşama sıcaklığı değerlerinin düştüğü buna karşılık nem miktarı veaşınma oranı değerlerinin yükseldiği tespit edilmiştir. Isıl yaşlandırma süresinin artmasıyla Vicat yumuşama sıcaklığı, ısılçarpılma sıcaklığı, erime akış indeksi ve aşınma oranının da arttığı belirlenmiştir. Ancak ısıl yaşlandırma süresinin artması ileHDPE/FK kompozitinin nem emme ve limit oksijen endeksi değerleri düşmüştür. In this study, powdered hazelnut shells were added to high density polyethylene at a rate of 5-10-15 and 20%, and four different_x000D_ polymer composite materials with hazelnut shells were produced by injection molding. The materials were heat aged for 15_x000D_ and 30 days and their physical and mechanical properties were examined. According to the results of the tests, with the increase_x000D_ of hazelnut shell powder ratio in the matrix; It was determined that the limit oxygen index (LOI), melt flow index (MFI), heat_x000D_ deflection temperature (HDT) and Vicat softening temperature values decreased, whereas moisture content and wear rate values_x000D_ increased. It was determined that as the the thermal aging time increased, the Vicat softening temperature, heat deflection_x000D_ temperature, melt flow index and wear rate also increased. However, with the increase in the thermal aging time, the moisture_x000D_ absorption and limit oxygen index values of HDPE / FK composite decreased.