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Ein Paradigmenwechsel beim Prostatakarzinom mit nur wenigen Metastasen hat eingesetzt und eine Metastasierung bedeutet nicht mehr zwingend eine klassische palliative Situation. Darstellung der aktuellen diagnostischen Moglichkeiten des Prostatakarzinoms im Rahmen der metastasengerichteten interdisziplinaren Therapie und des therapeutischen Vorgehens. Es erfolgte eine Sichtung der aktuellen Literatur inklusive Metaanalysen sowie der Leitlinien und Expertenempfehlungen. Essenziell zur genauen Lokalisation und Detektion und konsekutiv der Therapie von (Oligo‑)Metastasen ist eine moglichst sensitive und prazise diagnostische Bildgebung. Hierzu zahlen neben der etablierten bildgebenden Basisdiagnostik zunehmend auch schnittbildbasierte, funktionale Verfahren wie die multiparametrische Magnetresonanztomographie (mMRT) sowie das PSMA-PET-CT (PSMA: prostataspezifisches Membranantigen). Hinsichtlich der Therapie kann die Bestrahlung von bis zu 3 Metastasen bei Oligometastasierung die androgendeprivationsfreie Zeit und das progressionsfreie Uberleben verlangern sowie die Lebensqualitat erhohen. Ossare und lymphogene Metastasen konnen mit einer hohen Einzeldosis, aber wenigen Fraktionen als hypofraktionierte stereotaktische Bestrahlung therapiert und eine lokale Kontrolle von mehr als 90 %, ein klinisch progressionsfreies Uberleben bis zu 71 % bei sehr niedrigen Toxizitatsraten erreicht werden. Die metastasengerichtete, interdisziplinare Therapie bei oligometastasiertem Prostatakarzinom fuhrt zu einer weiteren Personalisierung sowie zunehmenden Risikoadaption der Behandlungskonzepte und weicht die bisherigen harten Grenzen mit Unterteilung in „palliativ“ und „kurativ“ auf. Hierzu werden vermehrt auch hypofraktionierte Bestrahlungsschemata sowie die stereotaktische Bestrahlung eingesetzt.

The atomization mechanism of the gas-liquid multiphase flow through an internally mixing twin-fluid Y-jet atomizer has been studied by examining both the internal and external flow patterns. Superheated steam and light fuel oil (LFO) are used as working fluids. The flow is numerically modeled using the compressible Navier-Stokes equations; the hybrid large eddy simulation approach through wall-modeled large eddy simulations (WMLES) is used to resolve the turbulence with the large eddy simulations, whereas the Prandtl mixing length model is used for modeling the subgrid-scale structures, which are affected by operational parameters. A volume-of-fluid to discrete phase model (VOF-to-DPM) transition mechanism is utilized along with dynamic solution-adaptive mesh refinement to predict the initial development and fragmentation of the gas-liquid interface through VOF formulations on a sufficiently fine mesh, while DPM is used to predict the dispersed part of the spray on the coarser grid. Two operational parameters, namely, gas-to-liquid mass flow rate ratio (GLR) and liquid-to-gas momentum ratio, are compared; the latter is found to be an appropriate operational parameter to describe both the internal flow and atomization characteristics. It is confirmed that the variation in the flow patterns within the mixing port of the atomizer coincides with the variation of the spatial distribution of the spray drops.

Internally mixing twin-fluid Y-jet atomizers are widely used in coal fired thermal power plants for start-up, oil-fired thermal power plants and industrial boilers. The flow through internally mixing Y-jet atomizers is numerically modeled using the compressible Navier-Stokes equations; Wall Modeled Large Eddy Simulations (WMLES) is used to resolve the turbulence with Large Eddy Simulations whereas the Prandtl Mixing Length Model is used for modeling the subgrid scale structures, which are affected by geometric and operational parameters. Moreover, the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method is used to capture the development and fragmentation of the liquid-gas interface within the Y-jet atomizer. The numerical results are compared with correlations available in open literature for the pressure drop; further results are presented for the multiphase flow regime maps available for vertical pipes. The results show that the mixing point pressure is strongly dependent on the mixing port diameter to airport diameter ratio, specifically for gas to liquid mass flowrate ratio (GLR) in the range 0.1 < GLR < 0.4; the mixing port length moderately affects the mixing point pressure while the angle between mixing and liquid ports is found not to have an appreciable effect. Moreover, it is found that the vertical pipe multiphase flow regime maps in the literature could be applied to the flow through the mixing port of the twin-fluid Y-jet atomizer. The main flow regimes found under the studied operational conditions are annular and wispy annular flow.

Hintergrund: Die Thoraxklinik Heidelberg fuhrt seit 2000 die Primarpraventionsmasnahme „ o hne k ippe“ fur 12- bis 14-jahrige Schuler durch. Um die Wirksamkeit zu uberprufen, wurde die Masnahme wissenschaftlich evaluiert. Methoden: Teilnehmende Schuler (n=1427) wurden zum Zeitpunkt der Intervention und nach einem Jahr zu ihrem Rauchverhalten befragt. Als Kontrollgruppe (n=1412) dienten Klassenstufen aus vergleichbaren Schulen ohne Praventionsveranstaltung. Anschliesend erfolgte eine Adaptation des Programms in Zusammenarbeit mit den Schulen und es wurden Mikrozensusdaten von 2005 und 2009 zum Rauchverhalten Jugendlicher verglichen. Ergebnisse: Zu Beginn waren 187 (13,4 %) der Schuler der Interventionsgruppe und 215 Schuler (15,4 %) der Kontrollgruppe Raucher. Nach einem Jahr war der Anteil der Raucher von 11,2 % auf 21,2 % angestiegen mit nicht signifikantem Unterschied zwischen beiden Gruppen. Neben Alter und initialem Rauchstatus zeigte sich die „peer group“ als besonders wichtige Einflussgrose auf das Rauchverhalten. Nach anschliesender Adaptation des Programms zeigte der Vergleich der Mikrozensusdaten eine mit 11,8 % um 4,2 % geringere Raucherpravalenz als im gesamten ubrigen Baden-Wurttemberg (16,0 % Raucherpravalenz) und im restlichen Deutschland (17,5 % Raucherpravalenz). Der Anteil der Raucher in dieser Altersgruppe ist im genannten Einzugsgebiet von 2005 bis 2009 mit 7,8 % deutlich gesunken. Folgerungen: Raucherprimarpraventionsmasnahmen fur Schuler konnen bei entsprechender Konzeption wirksam sein. Allerdings kann der Raucherstatus von Schulern mit einer Veranstaltung alleine nicht nachhaltig beeinflusst werden. Unabdingbar ist daher eine intensive Vor- und Nachbereitung sowie die Einbindung der „peer group“. Das Primarpraventionsprogramm „ o hne k ippe“ wurde daher mit vielversprechendem Erfolg entsprechend modifiziert.

The synthesis and characterization of bismuth sulfide-cellulose nanocomposite thin films was explored. The films were prepared using organosoluble precursors, namely bismuth xanthates for Bi

A microgradient-heater (MGH) was developed, and its feasibility as a tool for high-throughput materials science experimentation was tested. The MGH is derived from microhot plate (MHP) systems and allows combinatorial thermal processing on the micronano scale. The temperature gradient is adjustable by the substrate material. For an Au-coated MGH membrane a temperature drop from 605 to 100 °C was measured over a distance of 965 μm, resulting in an average temperature change of 0.52 K/μm. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate the feasibility of MGHs on the example of a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The achieved results show discontinuous changes in surface morphology within a continuous TiO2 film. Furthermore the MGH can be used to get insights into the energetic relations of film growth processes, giving it the potential for microcalorimetry measurements.

HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS A 52-year-old patient presented with a 6-months history of painful, progressive erythematous periumbilical papules and nodules. Seven months previously, an advanced stage of an adenocarcinoma of the stomach with peritoneal carcinosis and malignant ascites had been diagnosed. INVESTIGATIONS Clinical examination showed ten firm, painful, umbilicated, erythematous, polygonal papules and nodules (size up to 7 mm), partly covered with central hemorrhagic crusts or scales. The histological examination revealed epithelial cell clusters infiltrating the dermis and forming tubular structures. The prominent nuclei varied in size, some were vacuolated. Signet ring structures were visible in the tumor. Immunohistochemical staining revealed MNF116 expressing tumor cells, consistent with a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. DIAGNOSIS Multiple Sister Mary Joseph's nodules - periumbilical skin metastases from gastric carcinoma. TREATMENT AND COURSE The previous palliative chemotherapy with capecitabine will be expanded by irinotecan after completion of local iradiation of an esophageal stenosis. The patient declined additional local therapeutic options such as excision or electric chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Sister Mary Joseph's nodule is a rare, umbilical cutaneous metastatic tumor originating from advanced metastatic intraabdominal or intrapelvic malignancies. Our case is remarkable because of the number of the umbilical and periumbilical, but otherwise characteristic nodules. Sister Mary Joseph's nodules are associated with a dismal prognosis. As they may precede cancer diagnosis, histological investigation of suspect umbilical nodules should be performed.

This paper reports on a novel miniaturized deposition technique based on micro-hotplates which are used as microevaporation sources (MES) for a localized deposition of thin films and nanoparticles. The feasibility of this small-scale deposition technique and its general properties are shown for depositions of Ag on unpatterned and microstructured substrates. The deposited films are rotationally symmetric and show a distinct lateral thickness change. We take advantage of this latter effect, as, e.g., all stages of film condensation can be observed within one experiment on one sample, in a size suitable for transmission electron microscopy investigations. For realizing the most laterally confined depositions, a micro-Knudsen cell was used. It is shown that the use of MES is also very suitable for the fabrication and deposition of nanoparticles.

An investigation on the integrity of micro-hotplates using in situ digital holographic microscopy is reported. The surface topography and surface evolution of the devices during high-temperature operation (heating/cooling cycles) is measured with nanometer-scale resolution. A localized permanent out-of-plane surface deformation of 40% of the membrane thickness caused by the top measurement electrodes occurring after the first cycle is observed. The integrity-related issues caused by such a permanent deformation are discussed.

Two microfabricated devices designed as test platforms for the investigation of scaling effects in micro- to nanosized substrate-attached shape-memory alloy (SMA) thin films as well as freestanding (suspended) thin-film microbridges are presented. These micromachined test platforms allow for simultaneous nanomechanical, electrical, and thermal tests on thin-film microbridges and can be seen as a basis for nanoscale SMA thin-film applications. The functionality of these devices is demonstrated for Ti52Ni32Cu16 thin films as active material. The martensitic phase-transition temperatures for the thin films as substrate-attached or suspended microstructures as well as the dependence on the lateral dimensions were examined. It was found that decreasing the bridge width from 4 to 1 μm leads to a substantial and asymmetrical decrease of the phase-transition temperatures: 20% [austenite finish temperature (Af) and martensite start temperature (Ms)] and 80% [austenite start temperature (As) and martensite finish temperature (Mf)]. Furthermore, it was found that detaching the thin film from its substrate also leads to a decrease of the transition temperatures. Finally, it is shown that shape-memory thin-film nanowires can be fabricated and characterized using the proposed devices.

This paper presents the use of micro-hotplates (MHPs) as thermal processing and in situ characterization platforms for phase transformations in thin films. MHPs are fabricated by microsystem technology processes and consist of a SiO2/Si3N4 membrane (app. 1 μm) supported by a bulk Si frame. Several embedded Pt thin films serve as heater and electrical measurement electrodes. It is shown that the MHPs have unique properties for the controlled annealing of thin film materials (up to 1270 K), as the annealing temperature and heating/cooling rates can be precisely controlled by in situ measurements. These rates can be extremely high (up to 104 K/s), due to the low thermal mass of MHPs. The high cooling rates are especially useful for the fabrication of metastable phases (e.g. Fe70Pd30) by quenching. By measuring the resistivity of a thin film under test in situ as a function of the MHP temperature, microstructural changes (e.g. phase transformations) can be detected during heating and cooling cycles. In this paper, examples are presented for the determination of phase transitions in thin films using MHPs: the solid–liquid–gas phase transition (Al), the ferromagnetic–paramagnetic phase transition (Fe–Pt) and martensitic transformations (Ni–Ti–Cu, Fe–Pd). Furthermore, it is demonstrated that crystallization processes from amorphous to crystalline (Ni–Ti–Cu) can be detected with this method. Finally the application of MHPs in thin film combinatorial materials science and high-throughput experimentation is described.

A new characterization method is proposed for the development of hydrogen storage alloys, using thin films deposited on micromachined Si cantilevers with additional layers of SiO2, Si3N4 and an adhesion layer. A sputter deposition system is used for deposition of thin films for hydrogen storage. The mechanical stress change due to hydrogenation, ΔσH, leads to curvature changes of the film/cantilever combinations. These curvature changes are measured simultaneously on sets of cantilevers with an optical method in a gas phase hydrogenation apparatus, where the pressure can be varied from vacuum to a hydrogen pressure, p H 2 , ranging between 0.105 MPa and 5.1 MPa; the temperature can be varied from 20 °C to 450 °C. Thin films of Pd, Mg, Ti, Cr, and Fe were deposited for validation experiments. Isothermal measurements of thin film/substrate combinations are presented. The results show that the method is suitable for high-throughput characterization of combinatorial thin film libraries with respect to hydrogenation properties.

PVD process technologies have been optimized to produce power semiconductor devices on a 300mm wafer in a pilot line being established at Infineon Technologies. The challenges in scaling up the processes from conventional wafer sizes 150–200 mm to 300 mm have been discussed. For front side Aluminum depositions the DC magnetron sputtering profile was modified to achieve contact fill across the wafer, high deposition rates and enhanced target life. For backside metallization on thin wafers, a high throughput process flow has been developed to achieve Ohmic contact between Si wafer and Aluminum layer and control the wafer bow for subsequent metal stack depositions.

Since 2000 the Thoraxklinik Heidelberg offers the primary smoking prevention program "ohnekippe" for children aged 12-14 years. This program was scientifically evaluated to test its efficacy and sustainability.All pupils participating in this prevention program (n=1427) were asked to complete a written survey regarding their smoking behaviour at the time of intervention (baseline) and after one year. A control group (n=1412) without intervention from comparable schools and grades were questioned in parallel. Afterwards the program was modified with active involvement of schools and then data regarding smoking prevalence of young people were compared based on the microcensus 2005 and 2009.187 (13,4 %) pupils in the intervention and 215 (15,4 %) pupils in the control group were smokers at baseline. One year after, the number of regular and occasional smokers had increased from 11.2 % to 21.2 % in both groups without significant differences. Besides age and initial smoking status the "peer group" had important influence on smoking behaviour of young people. After modifying the program the number of smoking young people in the catchment area of "ohnekippe" has decreased significantly (7.8 %). Overall smoking prevalence in this age group was much lower (11,8 %) than in the rest of Baden-Württemberg (16.0 %) and of Germany (17.5 %).Smoking prevention programs for young people can be effective if they are appropriately designed. Not only one prevention event, but intensive preparation and follow-up in schools as well as involvement of the "peer group" is essential for a successful intervention. After appropriate modification the smoking prevention program "ohnekippe" shows highly promising success.

In recent years, several new classes of compounds have successfully been established in the treatment of cancer. They selectively inhibit disturbed signaling pathways or induce anti-tumor immune responses. These novel targeted cancer drugs show a favorable safety profile compared to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. The most important side effects of these anticancer agents include cutaneous reactions and occur in a time-dependant manner and show class-specific patterns. In this review article, we compare the cutaneous side effects of epidermal growth factor inhibitors (EGFRI), multikinase inhibitors (MKI), BRAF inhibitors (BRAFI), mTor inhibitors (mTorI) and immune checkpoint inhibitors and discuss severity-adapted management strategies.

Granulomatous rosacea is an uncommon variant of rosacea. It is characterized by disseminated, red-brown papules and nodules especially in periocular and centrofacial locations. This form of rosacea causes considerable distress among patients because of the inflammatory facial lesions and represents a therapeutic challenge. A 62-year old man with granulomatous rosacea failed to improve with systemic doxycycline. Systemic isotretinoin and corticosteroids produced only a temporary reduction in cutaneous findings. Finally, systemic treatment with dapsone resulted in remission of the skin lesions and long-term stabilization.

In this paper we investigate numerically the periodic, axisymmetric response of a liquid annulus enclosed in a revolving cylinder and subject to a periodic axial excitation within the range of the natural frequencies. We use a description which employs as solution variables the transverse component of the vorticity vector, the scalar stream function and the transverse velocity component, as well as the position of the free surface. The acceleration due to gravity is neglected, whereas friction and surface tension are taken into account. At the fixed walls the no-slip condition is fulfilled except at points on the contact line. At the contact line the slip condition is applied. The solution of this problem is achieved using the spectral method in the time direction and finite differences in the space direction, whereby surface-adapted coordinates are utilized. Far away from the walls the computational results show good agreement with results obtained from a linearized theory assuming an inviscid liquid, while at the walls boundary layers are generated.

Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica Bazex is a rare, obligate paraneoplasia initially presenting with palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Later stages show acral psoriasiform lesions on other parts of the body. Common associated malignancies are laryngeal cancer and other tumors of the head or neck region or neck lymph node metastases. A 49-year-old woman presented with palmoplantar hyperkeratoses for 4 months; in addition she had a squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. We diagnosed a minor form of acrokeratosis paraneoplastica Bazex. Some authors consider this as a separate entity, but the well- known course argues against this hypothesis. We report a case and review the literature.

Recently, inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and multikinase inhibitors have been successfully established in the therapy of various solid tumors. EGFR inhibitors and multikinase inhibitors are specific and selective agents that intervene with the dysfunctional regulatory processes of malignant cells. This results in a favorable safety profile and range of side effects, especially in comparison to conventional chemotherapy. The various cutaneous adverse drug reactions are considered substance class effects and are the most frequent side effects of these targeted therapies. Therapy with EGFR inhibitors is associated with acneiform rash, painful paronychia, xerosis cutis, acral fissures, hair changes, and pruritus. Treatment with tyrosin kinase inhibitors may cause hand-foot syndrome, various types of drug rash, hair loss, xerosis cutis, and pruritus. These side effects may be stigmatizing and place a huge burden on the patient's quality of life. Treatment is a challenge and best performed in interdisciplinary cooperation of dermatologists and oncologists.

A 52-year-old patient presented with a 6-months history of painful, progressive erythematous periumbilical papules and nodules. Seven months previously, an advanced stage of an adenocarcinoma of the stomach with peritoneal carcinosis and malignant ascites had been diagnosed.Clinical examination showed ten firm, painful, umbilicated, erythematous, polygonal papules and nodules (size up to 7 mm), partly covered with central hemorrhagic crusts or scales. The histological examination revealed epithelial cell clusters infiltrating the dermis and forming tubular structures. The prominent nuclei varied in size, some were vacuolated. Signet ring structures were visible in the tumor. Immunohistochemical staining revealed MNF116 expressing tumor cells, consistent with a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma.Multiple Sister Mary Joseph's nodules - periumbilical skin metastases from gastric carcinoma.The previous palliative chemotherapy with capecitabine will be expanded by irinotecan after completion of local iradiation of an esophageal stenosis. The patient declined additional local therapeutic options such as excision or electric chemotherapy.Sister Mary Joseph's nodule is a rare, umbilical cutaneous metastatic tumor originating from advanced metastatic intraabdominal or intrapelvic malignancies. Our case is remarkable because of the number of the umbilical and periumbilical, but otherwise characteristic nodules. Sister Mary Joseph's nodules are associated with a dismal prognosis. As they may precede cancer diagnosis, histological investigation of suspect umbilical nodules should be performed.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are an increasingly important treatment option for metastasized cancer in patients. In addition to the pivotal role of EGFR in the development and progression of malignant tumors, EGFR is also important for proliferation and differentiation of the human epidermis and hair follicles. As a consequence, cutaneous side-effects are frequently observed during cancer therapy with EGFR inhibitors. During the first few weeks of treatment, acneiform eruptions are the earliest common side-effect. Xerosis and fissures are complications appearing in later treatment phases. Paronychia and alterations in hair growth are less common and generally seen after a longer period of treatment. We present an overview of the various cutaneous side-effects associated with EGFR inhibition and discuss their respective therapeutic options.

Purpose: Ineffective communication is the most frequently reported cause of sentinel events in U.S. hospitals. Examining hospital processes and systems of communication, and standardizing communication practices can reduce the risks to patients in the acute care environment. The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of an innovative, translating-research-into-practice model to generate and test a cost-effective, easy to use, best-practice protocol for nurse-to-nurse shift handoffs in a medium-sized magnet-designated community hospital in the United States. Theoretical Framework: Roger's Diffusion of Innovations Theory was used as the overall framework for the translational model with Orlando's theory providing theoretical evidence for the best practice protocol. Approach: Using the first three steps of the model, methods included: (1) identifying clinical problems related to shift handoffs; (2) appraising and systematically evaluating the strength of theoretical, empirical, and clinical evidence; and (3) translating this evidence into a best-practice patient-centered, standardized protocol for nurse-to-nurse shift handoffs. Conclusions/Implications: Meaningful clinician participation in the development of a standardized, evidence-based, patient-centered approach to nurses' change-of-shift handoffs was achieved. Using the Collaborative Research Utilization Model can facilitate the integration of new knowledge both in the clinical and academic community.

The present paper deals with the numerical investigation of the thermocapillary motion of a fluid sphere immersed in an unbounded region of a different liquid under weightlessness. The governing equations are solved by means of a finite difference scheme taking the nonlinear terms into account. The influence of inertia and convection on the flow pattern inside and outside the fluid particle is discussed. It is observed that the dimensionless velocity of a drop with fixed diameter decreases with increasing temperature gradient in the case of high temperature gradients. At smaller temperature gradients the dimensionless velocity can exhibit the opposite behavior. These results are in contrast to the analytical solution of the linearized governing equations, where the dimensionless velocity is a constant. Die thermokapillare Bewegung einer Flussigkeitskugel (Tropfen) in einem anderen, unendlich ausgedehnten Fluid wird mittels eines Differenzenverfahrens numerisch untersucht. Flussigkeitskugel und umgebendes Fluid befinden sich im Zustand der (Fast-) Schwerelosigkeit (Mikrogravitation). In den Grundgleichungen werden die nichtlinearen Glieder berucksichtigt. Der Einflus von Tragheit und Konvektion wird diskutiert. Es zeigt sich, das bei festem Kugeldurchmesser die dimensionslose Tropfengeschwindigkeit im Falle groser Temperaturgradienten mit zunehmendem Temperaturgradienten abnimmt. Bei kleineren Temperaturgradienten stellt sich der entgegengesetzte Effekt ein. Diese Resultate stehen im Gegensatz zur analytischen Losung der linearisierten Gleichungen, bei der die dimensionslose Tropfengeschwindigkeit konstant ist.

This paper reports experimental and numerical results on the temperature distribution in micro hotplates. The test structures applied in this study consist of suspended membranes with two integrated polysilicon heaters and discrete resistive thermistors for temperature measurement. The influence of different heater geometries and heating modes are evaluated with respect to an improvement of the temperature homogeneity across the suspended membrane. The experiments are compared with simulation results obtained with the finite element (FE) simulation tool SOLIDIS 6.0.

Thermally induced resistance changes and long term stability of polysilicon resistors were characterized for temperatures up to 1400 K. For this purpose, a new test microstructure was developed which is based on a micro hotplate with a central polysilicon resistor as the material under test and two polysilicon heaters for temperature cycling of the membrane. This test system allows the separate measurement of thermally and electronically activated ageing processes. After thermal cycling, relative resistance changes at room temperature between 7% and 48% with respect to the resistance as fabricated were observed The changes strongly depend on the cooling rate /spl tau//sub c/. Additionally, it is possible to reversibly switch between different room temperature resistances by applying appropriate cooling rates. A relaxation of the resistance value during cycles with heating and cooling steps was observed. This relaxation is temperature dependent and related to the thermal history of the resistor. The test structure withstood 60 heating cycles up to temperatures of 1300 K.

We report the operation of micro test structures at temperatures up to 1200 K. The structures realized by a standard CMOS process consist of dielectric membranes which are heated resistively by an integrated, degenerately n-doped polysilicon heater. The heater itself serves as temperature monitor and as object of interest to characterize the ageing behavior of polysilicon. The structures are cycled thermally to temperatures up to 1200 K by increasing the electrical heating power stepwise to 124 mW. Depending on the cooling rate of the thermal cycles, the resistance of the heater can reversibly be changed between +33% (cooling rate 0.02 K/s) and -17% (cooling rate 12.1 K/s) of its initial value. During the constant power steps of the heating/cooling cycles exponential resistance changes vs. time with time constants in the range of seconds to a few minutes are observed.

The early recognition of dementia assumes increasing importance. Lay beliefs on the causes of loss of memory play a major part in this regard as they have shown to determine help-seeking behaviour.720 persons aged 75 or older were questioned on their beliefs on the causes of cognitive deficits in the context of the Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged (LEILA 75+).Almost one-third of the respondents mentioned exclusively biological causes, vascular lesions coming first. One quarter of those questioned ascribed memory deficits to non-biological factors. Every tenth person suspected that they result from a combination of both. One quarter of the elderly did not know any answer.The results are contrasted with outcomes of epidemiological dementia research. It is argued that increasing and better quality information of the public are urgently required.

We report the development of an advanced high-throughput stress characterization method for thin film materials libraries sputter-deposited on micro-machined cantilever arrays consisting of around 1500 cantilevers on 4-inch silicon-on-insulator wafers. A low-cost custom-designed digital holographic microscope (DHM) is employed to simultaneously monitor the thin film thickness, the surface topography and the curvature of each of the cantilevers before and after deposition. The variation in stress state across the thin film materials library is then calculated by Stoney's equation based on the obtained radii of curvature of the cantilevers and film thicknesses. DHM with nanometer-scale out-of-plane resolution allows stress measurements in a wide range, at least from several MPa to several GPa. By using an automatic x-y translation stage, the local stresses within a 4-inch materials library are mapped with high accuracy within 10 min. The speed of measurement is greatly improved compared with the prior laser scanning approach that needs more than an hour of measuring time. A high-throughput stress measurement of an as-deposited Fe-Pd-W materials library was evaluated for demonstration. The fast characterization method is expected to accelerate the development of (functional) thin films, e.g., (magnetic) shape memory materials, whose functionality is greatly stress dependent.

e15166 Background: Due to the underlying mechanism of action by inhibiting intracelluar testosterone production and metabolism, the combination of ketoconazole and dutasteride displays a promising ...

Ti–Ni–Cu shape memory thin films within a broad composition range were investigated by the cantilever deflection method using combinatorial methods. Optimal compositions with improved functional properties, i.e. large recovery stress, high transformation temperatures, low thermal hysteresis width and small temperature interval of transformation, were identified using a newly defined figure of merit. Of the investigated alloys, Ti50Ni41Cu9 and Ti45Ni46Cu9 exhibit the best shape memory properties for compositions showing a and a -phase transformation, respectively.

International audience; In SOA, composite applications can be developed on the basis of collections of interacting web services. A service's functionality is exposed to the external world by an abstract interface, described by the standard WSDL language, which must be published by service providers to public registries where service consumers can find them. Nowadays, web service discovery has become a real problem, because of the lack of public registries to publish and organize the fairly huge number of existing services. In this paper, we propose an approach based on formal concept analysis (FCA) for classifying and browsing web services. Using this approach, the web services are organized into a lattice structure, to facilitate their browse and selection. A service lattice reveals the invisible relations between the services, enabling the discovery of a needed service as well as the identification of its possible alternatives. Thus, service discovery may be achieved more easily using the service lattice. This facilitates the construction of service compositions and supports them with backup services to ensure a continuous functionality.

The OGSA–Basic Execution Service (BES) specification has recently been proposed by the Open Grid Forum (OGF) as the standard job submission and management interface across different Grid middlewares. This specification defines a Web Service interface in terms of a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) document for creating, monitoring and managing computational jobs (called activities), and for querying the capabilities of the BES service itself. In this paper, we propose an alternate incarnation of the BES functionalities according to the Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style. We describe the mapping of the BES operations in terms of HTTP actions on resources. We compare the REST formulation of BES with the standard WS-based one. We show that all BES operations can be expressed in a very natural way using the standard HTTP protocol and following the REST approach; moreover, we present useful extensions that are expected to appear in the near future.