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A field experiment was conducted at the West Byde of BRRI farm, Gazipur during T. Aman and Boro, 2021-22 season to evaluate the efficacy of newly developed mechanical rice transplanter cum fertilizer applicator. Five treatments in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Field experiments was conducted on silty clay loam soil in Gazipur. Individual plot size was 8m×5m with 30 cm buffer zone. The treatments were T1 = Mechanical transplanting along with 100% fertilizer (Urea, TSP, MoP and Gypsum) deep placement, T2 = Mechanical transplanting along with 80% fertilizer (80% Urea and 100% TSP, MoP and Gypsum) deep placement, T3 = Mechanical transplanting along with 70% fertilizer (70% urea and 100% TSP, MoP and Gypsum) deep placement, T4 = Mechanical transplanting along with 100% fertilizer hand broadcasting (TSP, MoP and Gypsum fertilizer as basal dose and urea fertilizer in three split) and T5 = Hand transplanting of same seedling of rice transplanter along with 100% fertilizer hand broadcasting (TSP, MoP and Gypsum in basal dose and urea fertilizer in three split) and T6 = BRRI recommended practice. In this experiment, BRRI dhan89 and BRRI dhan92 was used in T. Aman and Boro seasons, respectively. In the field, saving percentage of urea fertilizer varied from 25% to 28% against the calibration of 30% of urea saving due to the variation of the machine, operational speed and more penetration of the driving wheel during operation. It was found that grain yield was varied with the mode and rate of urea fertilizer application. Mechanical transplanting along with urea fertilizer deep placement (80% of recommended dose) gave significantly higher yield compared to manual transplanting and hand broadcasting of urea. Mechanical transplanting along with deep placement of urea fertilizer is a promising technology for rice farmers in Bangladesh. Manual transplanting is tedious and time consuming as a result mechanical transplanting is seen as a solution of labor problems. No significant differences among the treatments was found in growth parameters. Significant variations were recorded in case of yield. BRRI recommended practice and mechanical transplanting with 80% urea with other fertilizers were produced very similar grain yield. From these results, it might be said that mechanical transplanting with 80% urea fertilizer is recommended with BRRI recommended hand transplanting practice. Urea saving is additional benefit with time savings and low transplanting cost when transplanted with rice transplanter cum fertilizer applicator.

This experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from July to December, with a view to finding out the growth and yield performance of selected hybrid and inbred rice varieties in Aman season. There were seven treatments which comprised seven rice varieties viz. Gold-5, BRRI dhan56, BRRI dhan57, BRRI dhan62, Suborna-3, BRRI hybrid dhan4 and Moyna. The experiment layout was RCBD with three replications. Seedling of 25 days old was transplanted to the main field maintaining spacing with 25 cm X 15 cm. The plot size was 3X3m2. Collected data were analyzed with statistix10 software following the standard procedure and method. Significant variation was found among the selected inbred and hybrid rice varieties in respect of their different growth and yield characters. All the hybrid varieties contained higher amount of chlorophyll in their flag leaf at flowering to maturity compared to the inbred. BRRI hybrid dhan4 showed superiority over the hybrid and inbred varieties in different growth parameters. BRRI hybrid dhan4 also showed superiority in case of yield parameters such as panicles (14.27), filled grains panicle-1(168.43), 1000-grain weight (26.07 g), biological yield (13.33 t ha-1) and grain yield (6.13 t ha-1). Rest of the hybrid varieties viz. Shuborna 3 (5.60 t ha-1), Gold (5.15 t ha-1) and Moyna (4.86t ha-1) also provided higher grain yield compared to BRRI dhan56 (4.63 t ha-1) and BRRI dhan57 (4.25 t ha-1). Panicles hill-1, filled grains panicle-1 and 1000 grain weight mainly contributed to the higher grain yield of the hybrid varieties over the inbred.

This study was performed to evaluate the culture potentiality and growth performance of Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) in supernatant of three different concentrations of digested rotten guava (DRG) and Kosaric Medium (KM) as control. The study consisted of three different concentrations of rotten guavas, such as 20 (T1), 40 (T2) and 60 (T3) were allowed to digest under aeration. After 34 days, three replications showed the reddish white-colored supernatant screened and taken in a 2.0 L conical flask. Then, Spirulina was inoculated to grow in these three digested rotten guava media (DRGM) with the addition of micronutrients and KM and 9.0 g/L NaHCO3 for 14 days. The cell weight of Spirulina was attained at a maximum of 12.43±0.10 mg/L (dry wt. basis) in KM, followed by 0.818 ± 0.002, 0.815 ± 0.0014 and 0.809± 0.0011 mg/L in supernatant of 60, 20 and 40% DRGM, respectively on the 10th day of culture. A similar trend was also observed in the case of specific growth rates (based on cell weight and chlorophyll a) and total biomass (mg/L) of Spirulina. Cell weight of Spirulina had a highly significant (P

In this paper, we develop a design agent based on reinforcement learning to mimic human design behaviours. A data-driven reward mechanism based on the Markov chain model is introduced so that it can reinforce prominent and beneficial design patterns. The method is implemented on a set of data collected from a solar system design problem. The result indicates that the agent provides higher prediction accuracy than the baseline Markov chain model. Several design strategies are also identified that differentiate high-performing designers from low-performing designers.

Renal insufficiency is a risk factor for osteoporosis and can increase risk of fracture. It may be a result of an age-related decline in renal function or chronic kidney disease. In patients with CKD, accurate diagnosis of osteoporosis or CKD-MBD is important for determining the most appropriate treatment. This was a cross sectional study was done at Institute of nuclear medicine and Allied Sciences, BSMMU, Dhaka from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2014. Study population was total 69 postmenopausal women age over 50 years. Women with Bilateral hip replacement or bilateral hip pins or screws, metallic rods in spine, Carrying out BMD scan within the week after other radiological investigation using contrast media e.g. Barium meals or enema, IVPs were excluded from study. Clinical variables were- age (years), height (cm), weight (kg), BMI. Laboratory variables were- serum creatinine and BMD (Dexa). Estimated GFR was determined by using the serum Creatinine by MDRD formula. Renal function test and Bone mineral density (BMD) were done in all of these patients. Majority (43.4%) of the patients were in 6th decade. The mean weight was found 57.4±11.2kg. Majority 41(59.4%) patients belonged to T score at hip (-1 to -2.5) and their mean T score at hip was found (-1.1±1.1). Osteopenia and osteoporosis were found in 59.4% and 4.3% respectively according to BMD. High serum creatinine level was found in 10.1% cases. Renal function impairment was found in 79.6% of patient. Majority (50.7%) patients had mild decrease of eGFR (60-89 ml/min/1.73m²), There was Pearson's correlation (r=0.156; p=0.200) but not significant was found between age with T score at hip of the patients. Positive Pearson's correlation (r=0.112; p=0.361) was found but not significant between age and serum creatinine level. A significant negative Pearson's correlation (r= -0.274; p=0.023) was found between T score at hip and serum creatinine level of the patients. A significant negative Spearman correlation (r=-0.278; p=0.021) was found between BMD and serum creatinine of the patients. A significant positive Spearman correlation (r=0.580; p=0.001) was found between BMD and estimated GFR of the patients. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between renal function and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Majority of the postmenopausal women were in 6th decade and most of them were overweight and obese. Renal function impairment was found in 79.6% of patient. Osteoporosis was found in 04.3% and 20.3% cases according to T score at hip and T score at lumber spine respectively. Significant negative Pearson's correlation was found between T score at hip and serum creatinine level of the patients. Significant negative Spearman correlation was found between BMD and serum creatinine of the patients. Significant positive Spearman correlation was found between BMD and estimated GFR of the patients.

The present study was conducted in five districts namely Mymensingh, Ranpur, Pabna, Rajshahi and Chapainwabganj in Bangladesh. The objectives of the study were i) to identify the socio-economic characteristics of Aus rice growers; ii) to estimate profitability and productivity of Binadhan-19 in the study areas; and iii) to find out the major preferences and constraints for the variety cultivation. A total of 200 farmers were randomly selected (40 from each location) to collect the data with a pre-designed questionnaire. The distribution of the farmers by age showed that the mean age for Binadhan-19 cultivated farmers was 43 years. In the study areas among the farmer 86% was educated. Farmers average experience was 20 year and income were Tk. 235066 (USD 2611.84) per year. Per hectare average yield of rice was 1.37 ton. It was estimated that, to produce one kilogram of rice, total cost incurred was Tk. 14 where per kg average selling price of rice was Tk. 17. The average gross return and gross margin of rice cultivation were found Tk. 90679 (USD 1007.54)/ha and Tk. 51290 (USD 559.88)/ha, respectively. Per hectare average net return was Tk. 2459 (USD 27.32) which was found to be highest in Chapainwabganj Tk. 29739 (USD 330.43) and lowest in Rangpur Tk. 12692 (USD 141.02) district. BCR on total cost basis was found 1.37. The highest preference was for neat rice 98% and the highest constrain said by the farmer was crop destroy by animal and bird of paddy for early ripening in Binadhan-19 cultivation.

Internet security has become a big issue with the passage of time. Among many threats, the distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is the most frequent threat in the networks. The purpose of the DDoS attacks is to interrupt service availability provided by different web servers. This results in legitimate users not being able to access the servers and hence facing denial of services. On the other hand, flash events are a high amount of legitimate users visiting a website due to a specific event. Consequences of these attacks are more powerful when launched during flash events, which are legitimate traffic and cause a denial of service. The purpose of this study is to build an intelligent network traffic classification model to improve the discrimination accuracy rate of DDoS attacks from flash events traffic. Weka is adopted as the platform for evaluating the performance of a random forest algorithm.

Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the association between serumD-dimer, serum Ferritin with disease severity in patents havingCOVID-19. Methods:Total 80 confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this cross sectional study. Samples were assessed by positive SARSCoV- 2 by RT-PCR testing and were collected from two tertiary Hospitals(IbnSina Medical College Hospital and Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital and Research Institute).We also performed CT findings of COVID patients with or without pulmonary involvement. COVIDpositive patients were divided into two groups (Group 1 and Group2) according to lungs involvement confirmed by CT-scan. In this analysis, several variables such as gender, age, D-dimer and serum ferritin were taken. Results: The Mean of D-dimer in Group-1 subjects was 4.26±3.60mg/L and in Group-2, this was 0.59±1.08mg/L. So D-dimer level was significantly raised in COVIDpneumonic patient (P value =

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a devastating viral disease and endemic in nature in Bangladesh that causes huge economical losses. The present research work was aimed to determine the prevalence of FMD outbreaks and molecular detection of FMDV serotypes by uRT-PCR and gsRT-PCR test, respectively from crossbred cattle in the Rajbari district of Bangladesh during the period from January to June 2018. A total of 16 tongue epithelial samples were collected from clinically FMD suspected 2 to 3 years old crossbred cattle. 14 samples were positive by uRT-PCR. The detection rate of FMDV by uRT-PCR was 87.50%. Then uRT-PCR positive samples were serotype by gsRT-PCR. Serotype based prevalence of FMDV was 42.86%, 100%, 21.43% and 21.43% in O serotype, Asia-1 serotype, A serotype and mixed infection with Asia-1 and A, respectively. Considering the age, the prevalence of confirmed FMD outbreak was 42.86%, 35.71% and 21.43% at the age of 2, 2.5 and 3 years, respectively. Serotype A, O and Asia-1 is circulated in Rajbari district and required trivalent vaccine for prevention and control of FMD in that area. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 201-210 (2021)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to scrutinize the human rights dimensions of COVID-19 responses in Bangladesh through a viewpoint methodology in four critical areas: freedom of opinion and expression; access to information; protection of health-care workers; and marginalized populations’ access to health care. However, these responses remain non-aligned with the international human rights law obligations of Bangladesh, which undermines the human rights and dignity of its population. Based on the responses shaping and aggravating the situation, this paper concludes with some recommendations, which can be helpful for Bangladesh for better human rights responses in these areas, should a parallel situation emerge in the future. Design/methodology/approach This paper scrutinizes the human rights dimensions of COVID-19 responses in Bangladesh through a viewpoint methodology. Findings The responses of Bangladesh remain non-aligned with international human rights law obligations of Bangladesh, which undermines the human rights and dignity of its population. Originality/value This paper concludes with some recommendations, which can be helpful for Bangladesh for better human rights responses in these areas, should a parallel situation emerge in the future.

The investigations on the genotypic and phenotypic variability, correlations and path coefficient analysis were conducted for nine characters in twenty genotypes each for two sub species of groundnut namely fastigiata (Spanish/Valencia) and hypogaea (Virginia). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all characters except per cent ofsound mature kernel in fastigiata (Spanish) group. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) was larger for number of primary branches and 100 kernel weights in hypogaea than fastigiata sub-species. Number of pods per plant in hypogaea showed greater heritability than fastigiata. Genetic advance as per cent of mean for number of pods per plant, 100 kernel weight and pod yield per plant displayed better estimates in hypogaea whereas length of primary branches, height of main axis and 100 kernel weight were higher in fastigiata sub-species. Number of pods per plantwas highly significant and positive with pod yield per plant in both sub-species while number of primary branches and percentage of oil was positive and highly significant only in case of hypogaea sub-species. Path coefficient analysis exhibited that the length of primary branches, number of pods per plant, 100-kernel weight and percentage of oil were important for yield improvement in both sub-species of groundnut.

Renal dysfunction following cardiopulmonary bypass is well recognized. The pathophysiology of renal injury is multifactorial and culmination of the interplay of several pathophysiological mechanism. Cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is being carried out on an extended patient population of different age groups and undergoing complex surgical procedure, and thus it places them at an increased risk of renal impairment. Valve replacement surgery is a major and complex surgical procedure requiring CPB. This study was therefore designed to observe the impact of CPB and short term outcome on patients with reduced estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) (60-89ml/min/1.73m²) after valve replacement surgery. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardio Vascular Diseases (NICVD) during the period of January 2015 to August 2016. After fulfillment of enrollment criteria 100 patients were studied for the purpose of the study and they were grouped in two, patients with normal eGFR (≥90ml/min/1.73m²) in Group A and patients with reduced eGFR (60-89ml/min/1.73m²) in Group B. A total of 100 patients, 50 in each group were studied for renal function alteration after valve replacement surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. The incidence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) was higher in Group B. Chi-square test was done and p value was 0.011 which is statistically significant. Postoperative blood loss (ml/hr) (p=0.038), duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay (in hours) (p=0.009), postoperative hospital stay (days) (p=0.014) was significantly higher and postoperative Urine Output (ml/hr) (p=0.001) was significantly lower in patients with reduced eGFR (60-89ml/min/1.73m²) in Group B. Deterioration of renal function is more in patient with eGFR (60-89ml/min/1.73m²) after valve replacement surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass in comparison with patients with eGFR (≥90ml/min/1.73m²).

not available Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(3): 240-244

One of the major restrictions influencing crop production in Bangladesh's coastal districts is salinity. In order to better understand the specific conditions in the south-western region of Bangladesh, where significant salinity and problems in crop production prevail, this study took place in two districts, namely Satkhira and Khulna. Six upazila were selected for the current study: Satkhira Sadar, Kaligonj, and Dumuria in Satkhira, and Batiaghata and Dacope in Khulna. Among the selected farmers, about sixty six percent of farmers were small farmers. The average farm size was 0.83 ha. Most of the land of the saline area was covered by a single crop with T. Aman. Ninety percent of the farmer of Satkhira Sadar upazila cover T. Aman-mustard-boro, which was the main cropping pattern. T. Aman-mustard, T. Aman-wheat, T. Aman-grasspea etc., were the major existing cropping pattern. Different vegetables and other field crops such as bottle gourd, bitter gourd, ladies finger, garden pea, potato, sweet potato, maize, chili etc., were cultivated in the study area sporadically. Most of the cost involved for labor cost in T. Aman rice cultivation. If the farmer cultivates the land by sharecropping from the owner, then farmer gives half of the crop to his landowner. The highest total rice equivalent yield (TREY) was T. Aman-mustard-boro cropping pattern and it was 13.23 t ha-1. Most of the farmers eager to cultivate more new crops. Saline water, water stagnant, insufficient irrigation water, late harvest of T. Aman rice, late ‘joe’ condition etc., were the main constraints to develop a new cropping pattern.

With a view to assess the growth variation of mono-sex Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) an experiment was carried out from 5 May 2016 to 4th December 2016 in two different environmental conditions. Two locations were one in Mymensingh –Bhaluka and the other in Tangail - Modhupur. At each location, there were seven ponds of almost similar size (30 decimal) and water depth (1.5 m). The stocking density was 200 fry per decimal for each location. Pre-stocking and post-stocking management were similar in both locations. There were considerable variations in most of the water and soil qualities between two locations. After six months of rearing, significantly higher (p

Organic fertilizer (OF) has positive effects on soil, especially soil fertility and productivity. Two experiments were conducted at the farmer’s field of Mymensingh and Jamalpur to observe the effect of organic fertilizer on cabbage production during rabi season 2018. There were seven fertilizer treatments viz: T1: RCF (N150 P40 K100 S16 Kg ha-1), T2: 85% RCF, T3: 70% RCF, T4: 85% RCF + 3 t ha-1 OF, T5: 85% RCF + 1 t ha-1 OF, T6: 70% RCF + 3 t ha-1 OF and T7: 70% RCF + 1 t ha-1 OF. The experiments were laid out in a RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with three replications. The average fresh yield at Mymensingh ranged from 34.5 to 60.0 t ha-1 with the highest yield of 60.0 t ha-1 from treatment T4 (85% RCF + 3 t ha-1 OF). At Jamalpur, the average yield ranged from 31.5 to 56.3 t ha-1 and the highest yield of 56.3 t ha-1 was recorded from treatment T4 (85% RCF + 3 t ha-1 OF). The lowest yield was found from treatment T3 in both locations. The percent fresh yield increased over control (T1), was 42.85 and 40.04 in Mymensingh and Jamalpur, respectively. The highest gross margin is Tk. 534507, which was obtained from treatment T4 (85% RCF + 3 t ha-1 organic fertilizer). The highest MBCR 3.05 (average of two locations) was obtained from the same treatment T4 (85% RCF + 1 t ha-1 organic fertilizer). The result indicated that applying organic fertilizer and 85% recommended dose of chemical fertilizer is more profitable than applying chemical fertilizers only.

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a new disease of cattle in Bangladesh. It is endemic in Africa but through the last few years disease beings to spread to other countries of the world. The disease was widely spreaded in the many other countries in Asia and some parts of Europe. In Bangladesh, the disease was first time detected in April 2019, in southern part and then continued to spread all over the country.The disease caused enormous economic losses causing cutaneous and internal lesions, affecting milk production, hide quality and in some cases death of infected animal. LSD suspected samples were collected from different areas of the country during the period from July 2019 to January 2020. In this study, a total of 36 clinically suspected LSD samples of skin crustnodules, pus and ocular discharge were collected. Samples were examined by the published PCR protocol for LSD virus, GPV and SPV. Around 78% samples were found positive for LSD virus in PCR test. LSD virus was also identified from pus and ocular discharge of infected cattle. The virus can grow in the lamb testicular cell and clinically the disease is characterized by distinctive nodular lesions mostly on the skin of the affected animals.The results indicated that the LSD virus is circulating in the outbreak are as and is an emerging transboundary cattle disease in Bangladesh. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 15-20

Duck plague (DP) is the most important infectious disease of geese, ducks and free-ranging water birds. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of duck plague virus followed by isolation and identification. For these purposes, a total of 155 cloacal swabs samples were collected randomly from duck of different haor areas of Bangladesh including 45 (41 surveillance and 4 clinical) samples from Netrokona; 42 (40 surveillance and 2 clinical) samples from Kishoregonj; 30 samples from Brahmanbaria and 38 samples from Sunamganj. The samples were processed and pooled (1:5 ratio) for initial screening of target polymerase gene of duck plague virus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. All the samples of a positive pool were then tested individually for identifying the individual positive samples. The result showed that out of 155 samples, 41 (26.45%) were found positive in which 17 were from Netrokona, where 15 (36.58%) were from surveillance samples and 2 (50%) were from clinical sample; 16 were from Kishoregonj, where 14 (35%) were from surveillance samples and 2 (100%) were from clinical sample; 2 (6.6%) were from Brahmanbaria and 5 (13.15%) were from Sunamganj. These positive samples were inoculated into 9-10 days embryonated duck eggs (EDE) through chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route for the isolation of virus. The EDE died earlier was also chilled, and in a similar way, the CAMs were collected and again performed PCR for id entification of virus. Out of 41 PCR positive samples, 26 samples were isolated and reconfirmed by PCR. Subsequently, DPV was isolated in primary duck embryo fibroblasts cell culture and confirmed by observing cytopathic effect (CPE). Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 73-78

The study was conducted to manage mango pests with maintaining fruit quality through fruit bagging technology. This research was executed from April, 2019 to August, 2019 for ensuring safe mango production with minimum use of pesticides. The fruits were bagged at the age of 45 to 50 days with different types of bags. Four treatments viz: No bagging (control), Brown paper double-layered bag; White paper single-layered bag; Transparent polythene bag were included. Apparently, brown and white paper bag showed maximum fruit weight (557.90 g and 498.67g), fruit length (10.77 and 10.67 cm), fruit diameter (24.90 and 24.67 cm) and pulp weight (465 and 453 g) respectively, compared to control treatment while polythene bag gave the minimum result. Meanwhile in bagging fruit chemical parameters of ascorbic acid, reducing and non reducing sugars, total sugars, total soluble solids, percent of citric acid and β-carotene were improved over polythene bag and control. The fruit color was non-persistent in brown paper bag. The sensory attributes of color and flavor in fruits of brown bags were improved over control. Fruit retention was significantly enhanced with brown paper bag (88.67%), white paper bag (87.00%) and control (82.33%) compared to polythene bag (61.33%). Fruits with brown paper bag gave the highest shelf life up to 12.67 days with the lowest weight loss and good physical appearances as against 10.67 days of control fruits. The infestation of fruit fly also had reduced by pre-harvest fruit bagging. These results indicate that fruit bagging can enhance fruit quality and shelf life of mango cv. BARI mango-4 through reduction insect-pest attack.

Among the haemoglobinopathies non-transfusion dependent thalassaemia (NTDT) are more common than the major patients. Bangladesh is located within the thalassaemia belt, moreover, Hb-E is prevalent here. So, the burden of non-transfusion dependent haemoglobinopathies is pretty massive. Due to less severe presentation and unawareness of general people, most patients with NTDT present with complications. On the other hand, cardiac complications are the major causes of death in these patients, and, negligence in early treatment increases the death. This review discusses haemoglobinopathies in general, followed by pathogenesis, clinical features and management of cardiac complications.

The Myxovirus resistant gene (Mx) codes for Mx protein with antiviral activity. Mx gene has been found in yeast and vertebrates ranging from fish to humans. In the present study Mx gene and its diversity in chicken is reported. A total of 42 blood samples were collected from different groups of chicken and were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The diversity of Mx gene was enumerated by RFLP of PCR product with RsaI and SspI restriction enzyme. Mx gene was amplified from all the tested samples (100%) with the primers used. The primers amplified specific 100bp and 300bp DNA fragments from Mx gene. RFLP analysis of PCR product obtained with mismatched primers revealed that three types of Mx gene allele are prevailing in the tested samples; these are homozygous resistant Mx allelic gene (R/R), heterozygous Mx allelic gene (R/S) and homozygous sensitive Mx allelic gene (S/S). The proportions of each gene allele in the sampled chicken were 42.86% R/R, 42.86% S/S and 14.29% R/S. Interestingly, variation in Mx gene was observed within and between the groups of chicken. Present study has limitations like number of sample, species of bird sampled, etc. However, the study provides the genetic basis to some extent of chicken about resistance or sensitivity to avian influenza. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of Mx gene related study in chicken in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 20(1-2): 18-25, Jan-Dec 2013

The seed production potentialities of selected 20 hybrid rice combination were assessed in this study. Higher seed yield potentiality and earliness in maturity were two of the most important indicators for popularizing hybrid rice variety in Bangladesh. The field performance of the selected hybrid rice combinations were found to vary significantly for different traits except number of total spikelets per panicle showed insignificant variation among the hybrid rice genotypes. The highest number of tillers per plant was recorded in BRRI7A/BRRI31R (17.33) which was followed by BRRI10A/BRRI20R (16.33) and BRRI7A/BRRI20R (16.17). Maximum number of panicles per plant was produced by BRRI7A/BRRI31R (14.00) which was followed by BRRI10A/BRRI31R (13.07), and BRRI11A/BRRI31R (12.47). The highest number of filled spikelets per panicle was produced by BRRI7A/BRRI31R (48.20) which was followed by IR79156A/BRRI31R (47.83) and BRRI7A/BRRI10R (44.63) respectively. The highest value for percent out crossing rate (%OCR) was observed in the combination of BRRI7A/BRRI31R (50.23%) which was followed by BRRI10A/BRRI10R (46.40%). The highest value for grain yield per plant was recorded in BRRI7A/BRRI31R (8.17g) followed by BRRI10A/BRRI10R (7.85 g) and BRRI11A/BRRI15R (7.68 g), respectively. The lowest value for grain yield per plant was found in IR79156A/BRRI31R (3.97 g). Considering comparative study of floral traits, BRRI7A/BRRI31R hybrid rice combination has good commercial prospects but seed production potentiality under Bangladesh conditions needs to be estimated with fine tune. Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(1): 13-20

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by spore forming Bacillus anthracis. Throughout the world, it causes illness in livestock, wildlife and sometimes secondarily infects humans and causes a major public health threat. The study was conducted to assess cattle owners’ awareness, perceptions and attitudes toward anthrax. Data on awareness of anthrax, clinical signs of anthrax in animals and human, its routes of transmission and methods of prevention, the families’ consumption habits of anthrax-infected carcasses, and other family activities that increase exposure to anthrax were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Overall, the level of awareness amongst the farmers for anthrax was 71.5%. All of the farmers were aware that anthrax occurs in cattle, and 54% indicated the presence of unclotting blood oozing from natural orifices as a consistent finding in cattle that died of anthrax, whereas 71.2% of them indicated the presence of skin lesions as the most common sign of the disease in humans. The good efficacy of human anthrax treatment (62%), slaughter of moribund cattle and selling of meat from cattle found dead to unsuspecting consumers (68%), reluctance to lose animals (28%), and forgetting about anthrax (46.4%) were mentioned as the major reasons for consuming anthrax-infected carcasses. Of the respondents 79.2% of cattle owners indicated that they would not consume meat from cattle found dead, because they were discouraged by veterinary authorities, therefore introducing meat inspection services is likely to have a positive impact in preventing human anthrax outbreaks in selected areas of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 168-172, 2018 a

A prevalence study was conducted to observe both ecto-and endo-parasitic (gastrointestinal) infection throughout one year surveillance. The study was conducted from July 2014 to June 2015 through Parasitology Laboratory, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka. The study considered age of cattle, season and type of parasitic infestation. In the study area total number of cattle population was 2000 in which 500 fecal and 200 ectoparasitic samples was collected considering three respective seasons like rainy, summer and winter. The fecal samples were examined by direct smear method followed by McMaster counting techniques and examine under microscope. After collection of samples within 24 hours all sample were tested by preserving at 40C temperature. In clinical observation, the overall prevalence of endoparasitic (gastrointestinal) infection was 68% and ectoparasitic infection was 60%. Prevalence of endoparasite was more frequent in rainy season (52.65%) followed by summer (27.05%) and winter season (20.29%) whereas prevalence of ectoparasite was more frequent in summer (39%) followed by rainy (13.5%) and winter (7.5%) season. The parasitic prevalence load was low in winter season. In endoparasitic infection, the higher prevalence of Paramphistomum spp. (20%) was found in rainy season whereas Haemonchus spp. (14%) and Toxocara spp. (12%) were higher in summer. In cattle, prevalence of Paramphistomum spp. (25.14%) and Haemonchus spp. (18.58%) was higher in adult cattle (above 6 months), whereas prevalence of Toxocara spp. (36.67%) and Coccidial oocyst (23.33%) was higher in calf (under 6 month) than adult animal (above 6 months) of age. The overall prevalence of ectoparasite was 60% and tick infestation was highest (22.5%) followed by lice (17.5%), mange (12.5%) and maggot fly (7.5%). High humidity (above 70%) and temperature provoke high endo- and ecto-parasite infection in the environment and infect cattle as well as other livestock species. Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 29-35, 2018

This study was carried out to determine the suitability and efficacy of the growth performance and survival rate of rohu (Labeo rohita) for a period of 63 days in the Wet Laboratory at Department of Aquaculture, BAU, Mymensingh. Four treatments were considered having three replicates containing different percentage of prebiotic (potato) in the diet viz.T1 (0%), T2 (5%), T3 (10%), T4 (15%). Initial weights of 1.74 ± 0.0 g were released at rate 15 fingerlings per aquarium. The result showed that the best weight gain of 2.73 ± 0.40 g was observed in T4. Weight gain (g), %weight gain and SGR (%per day) varied from 1.29 ± 0.25 to 2.73 ± 0.40; 74.32 ± 14.17 to 157.01 ± 22.77 and 0.38 ± 0.06 to 0.65 ± 0.06, respectively. Survival rate were 97.78 ± 2.22%, 100%, 100% and 100% in T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Values of FCR, FCE and PER were varied from 2.12 ± 0.22 to 3.49 ± 0.47; 0.29 ± 0.04 to 0.48 ± 0.05, and 0.68 ± 0.09 to 1.09 ± 0.11, respectively. The highest FCR (3.49 ± 0.47) was found in T1 and lowest FCR (2.12 ± 0.22) was found in T2. The highest PER (1.09 ± 0.11) was found in T2 and lowest PER (0.68 ± 0.09) was found in T1. The research findings suggested that supplementation of 15% potato containing diet which could be chosen by fish feed manufacture and fish farmers.

The study was conducted to determine heavy metals viz; lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), and Cadmium (Cd) concentration in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) collected from different fish markets (Borobazar fish market, Shesmore fish market, Kamal-Ranjit market, Sutiakhali fish market, Machuabazar fish market and Shamvuganj fish market) of Mymensingh district from July 08, 2018 to January 15, 2019. After collection, electro-thermal heater digestion of the samples was carried out in Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) and finally heavy metal concentrations were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) in the Interdisciplinary Institute for Food Security (IIFS) Laboratory, BAU. The average Pb, Zn, Cr, and Cd concentrations (mg/kg) in the examined samples were 1.67 mg/kg, 118.68 mg/kg, 0.97 mg/kg, and 0.59 mg/kg, respectively. The average Arsenic concentrations in all tilapia samples were found to be below detectable limit (BDL). The study revealed that the average Zn and Cr concentration of tilapia flesh samples in Mymensingh were considerably higher than maximum recommended limit of World Health Organization (1989) and Food and Agricultural Organization (1983) and hence human health safety issues for the local consumer should be taken into consideration by the concerned authorities.

Fruit bagging is a newly developed technology, widely used by the farmers, easy practice, and environment friendly and useful for high quality mango production in Bangladesh Four treatments were included in this experiment namely non-bag (control); white polythene bag; single layered white paper bag and double layered brown paper bag. The fruits were bag at 35, 45 and 55 days after fruit set. The experiment was carried out in the Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Fruit bagging has direct effect on fruit length, diameter, fresh weight and pulp weight (9.49cm, 8.31cm, 295.8g and 267.4g, respectively) while minimum was recorded in non-bagged control fruits (7.75cm, 6.91cm, 211.1g and 182.0g, respectively) at 35 and 45 days. In addition, the total sugar, reducing sugars, total soluble solid, ascorbic acid, pH and β-carotene were improved over control fruits. Brown paper bags are competent to change the fruit color. Brown paper bag extended shelf life up to 9 days with premier sensory quality as against 5 days of non-bagged control fruits.Considering the results, double layered brown and single layered white paper bagged fruits performed the best in respect of quality parameters and extending shelf life in mango cv. Mishribhog.

Background ß-thalassemia is one of the most common inherited blood disorders in the world and a major deterrent to the public health of Bangladesh. The management of thalassemia patients requires lifelong frequent blood transfusion and the available treatment options are unsatisfactory. A national policy on thalassemia prevention is mandatory in Bangladesh. However, precise and up-to-date information on the frequency of ß-thalassemia carriers are missing due to lack of accurate diagnostic approaches, limited access to information and absence of national screening program. This study aims to determine the nationwide carrier frequency of hemoglobin E (HbE) and β- thalassemia and mutation spectrum among the carriers using molecular, hematological and biochemical methods. Methods The study enrolled a total of 1877 individuals (60.1% male and 39.9% female) aged between 18 and 35 years. Total sample size and its division-wise breakdown were calculated in proportion to national and division-wise population. Venous blood was collected and subjected to CBC analysis and Hb-electrophoresis for each participant. Serum ferritin was measured to detect coexistence of iron deficiency anemia with thalassemia carrier. DNA-based High Resolution Melting (HRM) curve analysis was performed for confirmation of carrier status by mutation detection. Results Of 11.89% (95% CI, 10.43–13.35) carriers of β-globin gene mutations, 8.68% (95% CI, 7.41–9.95) had HbE trait (ETT) and 2.24% (95% CI, 1.57–2.91) had beta-thalassemia trait (BTT). Among eight divisions, Rangpur had the highest carrier frequency of 27.1% (ETT-25%, BTT-2.1%), whereas Khulna had the lowest frequency of 4.2% (ETT-4.2% only). Moreover, α- thalassemia, HbD trait, HbE disease, hereditary persistence of HbF were detected in 0.11, 0.16, 0.43 and 0.16% participants, respectively. HRM could identify two individuals with reported pathogenic mutations in both alleles who were erroneously interpreted as carriers by hematological indices. Finally, a total of nine different mutations including a novel mutation (c.151A > G) were detected in the β-globin gene. Conclusions Since carrier frequency for both HbE and β-thalassemia is alarmingly high in Bangladesh, a nationwide awareness and prevention program should be made mandatory to halt the current deteriorating situations. Mutation-based confirmation is highly recommended for the inconclusive cases with conventional carrier screening methods to avoid any faulty detection of thalassemia carriers.

Background: The importance of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus as a persistent nosocomial and community acquired pathogen has become a global health concern. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a major challenge to hospitals all over the world due to the emergence and spread of isolates with decreased susceptibilities to several antibiotic classes. The present study was focused to determine the prevalence of MRSA in clinical specimens and to investigate the sensitivity pattern of these isolates to various antibiotics used for treating hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of 50 clinical samples consisting of pus, surgical infections, and wounds in different parts of the body and diabetic foot ulcer were collected aseptically from Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) during January to May 2016. Isolation and identification of S. aureus was performed by cultural, morphological, biochemical characteristics and confirmed by amplification of nuc gene by PCR. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was evaluated by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method using penicillin G, erythromycin, neomycin, ciprofloxacin and oxacillin. Finally, MRSA was detected by amplification of mecA gene. Results: Among the 50 samples, 30% (n=15/50) were confirmed as S. aureus and 8 isolates were confirmed as MRSA. The prevalence of MRSA among S. aureus isolates was 53.33% in MMCH. The isolated S. aureus showed 100% resistant to penicillin G, 66.67% to erythromycin, 60.0% to ciprofloxacin and 26.67% to neomycin. Conclusion: The increased frequency of MRSA and their extended resistance to several antibiotics were found alarming for treatment of MRSA infections in human. None of the five antibiotics is recommended for the treatment of S. aureus infections in humans in MMCH.

The huge numbers of non-healthcare personnel (non-HCP) who get infected by corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only paralyze health care systems but also put health care personnel (HCP) at potential risk globally. Objective of the study was to compare the Healthcare personnel (HCP) and non-HCP COVID-19 cases. This prospective observational study was carried out in National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute of Bangladesh from March 08, 2020 to July 20, 2020. During this study period all admitted non-HCP who subsequently was diagnosed as COVID-19 positive by rRT-PCR and HCP of this hospital, who experienced fever or respiratory symptoms or came in close contact with COVID-19 patients at home or their workplace and become COVID-19 positive, were included. Out of 320 infected patients, 181(56.6%) patients were non-HCP and 139(43.4%) were HCP. Non-HCP were older than HCP (Mean age: 52.95±13.82 years vs. 34.08±11.11 years; p=0.001). Non-HCP were predominantly male and HCP were predominantly female (73.5% vs. 41%26.5% vs. 59%; p=0.001). Non-HCP had more risk factors and co-morbidities than HCP (p=0.001). Typical symptoms of COVID-19 such as fever and cough were prevalent in HCP. More aggressive treatment was required for non-HCP. Non-HCP had more severe disease and higher case fatality rate (9.4% vs. 0.7%; p=0.001) than HCP. Disease severity (OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.01-0.15) and DM (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.94) were the independent predictor of mortality. Non-HCP was older in age, predominantly male and had more co-morbidities than HCP. Typical symptoms of COVID-19 were prevalent in HCP. Non-HCP had more severe disease and higher case fatality rate than HCP.

This technical paper proposes a new waveform combining the low-rate and high-rate data streams to detect the region-of-interest signal in a high-mobility environment using optical camera communication. The proposed technique augments the bit rate of the low-rate stream, consequently, the link setup time is reduced and the requirement of low frame rate camera is eliminated. Additionally, both the low-rate and high-rate data streams in the proposed bi-level pulse position modulation are decoded with a unique adaptive thresholding mechanism with a high frame rate camera. We also propose a vehicle localization scheme to assist the drivers in maintaining a safe following distance that can significantly reduce the frequency of accidents. Moreover, two neural networks are proposed to detect the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for localization and communication, and to estimate the road curvature from different rear LED shapes of the forwarding vehicle, respectively. The system is implemented, and its performance is analyzed in Python 3.7. The implementation results show that the proposed system is able to achieve 75% localization accuracy, a 150 bps low-rate stream, and a 600 bps high-rate stream over a range of 25 m with a commercial 30 fps camera.

Objectives: The study was conducted to determine (i) suitable waste, its quantity and dose of Trichoderma harzianum suspension and (ii) the impact of tricho-compost application on soil productivity. Materials and Methods: Soil properties were tested before and after application of Trichoderma enhanced composting technology at five different districts of North-West Bangladesh. RCBD was used in the experiment where six biodegradable substratum were used and mixed with Trichoderma suspension in each pit. These six substratums were mixed with five doses of Trichoderma suspension i.e., 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ml per 100 kg substratum with three replications and therefore 90 pits were prepared to conduct the experiment. Nutrient content like N, P, K, B, S, Zn, soil pH and organic carbon were analysed in the laboratory. Results and Discussion: Among the composting materials potato plant, water hyacinth, cowdung and household waste produced better compost than rice stubble and bio-slurry. Trichoderma suspension dose on 100 kg substratum 750 and 1000 ml showed better efficacy than other doses in terms of decomposition time, quantity of produced composed and nutrient value. The status of nutrient in soil were compared before and after interventions of Trichoderma suspension by means of using paired t-test and found that soil pH, K, S, Zn, N and B were increased significantly, where as organic carbon slightly increased but not significant changed and P decreased significantly. Conclusion: There should be ample scope to be created tricho-compost everywhere for soil improvement for better crop production towards food security and improved livelihoods.

Salinity intrusion causes problems in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Climate change creates hazards like cyclone, sea level rise, and storm surge have been increasing the salinity problem in many folds. The coastal region covers about 20% of the country; from where cultivable land more than 30%. Agricultural land uses in these areas are very poor, because of high content of salinity in Rabi season. Already, 830,000 million hectares of land already identified as affected by soil salinity. A field experiment was carried out at saline prone area at Binerpota, Satkhira under natural salinity condition during Rabi season 2017-2018. The experiment was carried out with rice variety Binadhan-10.This variety was evaluated under four transplanting methods i.e., M0: Control (No Slope/flat land), M1: Ridge and furrow (each furrow 30 cm wide accommodating 3 lines transplanting), M2: Ridge and furrow (each furrow 60 cm wide accommodating 5 lines transplanting) and four levels of gypsum with control G0: control, G1: 75 kg ha-1, G2: 150 kg ha-1 as basal and G3: 150 kg ha-1(75 kg ha-1 as basal +75 kg ha-1 42 DAT). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The unit plot size was 3 m x 4 m. The recommended fertilizer doses applied for the experiment were 80 kg N ha-1, 15 kg P ha-1, 50 kg K ha-1. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and zinc were supplied from urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum and zinc sulphate monohydrate respectively while urea was applied in three equal splits. Application of gypsum had significant effect on plant height, number of effective tiller m-2, length of panicle, total number of spikelets panicle-1, thousand grain weight, number of filled spikelets panicle-1, grain yield straw yield. It seems that the crop responded to the application of gypsum. Overall results suggest that an application of gypsum The highest grain yield (7.7 t ha-1) was produced in ridge and furrow method where gypsum rate was 150 kg ha-1 (75 kg ha-1 as basal + 75kg ha-1 at weeks after transplanting followed by (7.4 t ha-1) basal application of 150 kg ha-1 gypsum along with N, P, K, Zn and Boron might be necessary to ensure satisfactory yield of rice in saline prone area under natural salinity condition.

The effects of raw and autoclaved Shoti (Curcuma zedoaria) meal on the growth and N utilization of growing broilers were determined. Shoti from Bangladesh Agricultural University campus was collected and sorted on the basis of white color of the rhizome. Then they were chopped into pieces, sun dried and pulverized in a flour mill. Aliquot samples were autoclaved at 1200C under 15 lb of pressure per square inch for 30 min. Autoclaved samples were stored in tightly lid contained for future use. 3 One hundred -day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were reared on the floor and a total of 24 growing broilers, 4 birds in each group were weighed on d 15 Two broilers were placed in each cage. There were a total of four experimental and two control (positive and negative Non-protein control) diets. Diets were fed ad libitum from day 15 to 33days. Body weight, feed intake, feed refusal and fecal weights were recorded every day. Cumulative feed efficiency per bird was calculated as the ratio of weight gained to feed consumed. Dry matter of excreta was determined from the last 10 d of feeding trial by drying aliquots of every day’s droppings by drying for 6 h at 1050C. On d 19, birds were bled to death. Immediately after slaughter, the carcasses were examined systematically. The chemical composition of Shoti meal showed that it is low in protein, fat and trace minerals and therefore mainly a source of energy. The bulk of the tuber (75 percent) consists of carbohydrates, made up of 10.6% fiber, and 64.9% nitrogen free extracts (NFE). A peculiarity of Curcuma rhizome meal contains high level of ash (9.9%) on DM basis. The results showed that at day 33, the weight of the broiler chicken fed shoti 100g, 200g, 300 g and 200g (autoclaved shoti meal)/ Kg diet was significantly different from the weight of the chicken fed on a maize-soybean diet. The birds given shoti meal consumed less feed than those provided with a maize diet. Feed efficiency or weight gain to feed ration over 19-d period was the poorest when fed 300 g Shoti/ Kg diet. Intake picked up when the shoti meal was incorporated after having been autoclaved and there was slight improvement in body weight gain as compared to that of other Shoti fed group. However, feed efficiency and body weight gain as % of initial weight remained significantly lower than the maize-soybean control. The inclusion of Shoti meal generally had an adverse effect on the apparent dry matter digestibility compared with the control diets. The group fed autoclaved shoti meal had a similar effect and the true N digestibility was the lowest when compared to those of control fed on maize-soybean meal. Thus, physical treatment like using autoclave, caused further reduction of digestibility of its N. Lipid digestibility was reduced by ingestion of shoti meal. Since the diets were isocaloric, after correction for the apparent endogenous lipid losses, which were obtained from the results of non-protein control feeding, the net faecal losses was around 66.2% of the ingested lipid against control diet fed birds. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (1): 40-46

A precise theoretical investigation has been made on dust-acoustic (DA) waves (DAWs) in a four components dusty plasma medium having inertial warm adiabatic dust grains and inertialess $q$-distributed electrons as well as isothermal ions and positrons. The nonlinear and dispersive parameters of the nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation (NLSE), which develops by using reductive perturbations technique, have been used to recognize the stable and unstable parametric regions of the DAWs as well as associated DA rogue waves (DARWs) in the unstable parametric regime of the DAWs. The effects of the light positrons and massive dust grains in determining the amplitude and width of the DARWs associated with DAWs are examined. The findings of our present investigation may be useful for understanding different nonlinear electrostatic phenomena in both space and laboratory plasmas., Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures

In this paper the analysis of traditional metallic structures of dipole and monopole antennas, along with the dielectric resonant antenna (DRA) structures in THz frequency band is carried out. The purpose of this analysis is to represent the design aspects of THz antennas. Here the antenna parameters of metallic dipole, metallic monopole and DRA structures are compared in order to highlight the feasibility of metallic and dielectric antennas in THz band.

Pregnancy is a natural physiological state with hormonal and metabolic changes that helps the growth and survival of the fetus. Adequate body mass index (BMI) in pregnancy is important for securing, protecting and promoting the health of women and newborns. High or low maternal body mass index is associated with adverse outcome. Thyroid physiology plays a major role in pregnancy and thyroid disorders constitute one of the most common endocrine disorders in pregnancy. To assess the levels of body mass index and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in third trimester of pregnancy in order to compare these parameters with non-pregnant women of same age range. This analytical type of cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh from January 2019 to December 2019. A total number of 140 subjects, age range between 20-35 years were included in this study. Among them, 70 healthy subjects were taken as control group (Group I) and 70 pregnant women of third trimester were taken as study group (Group II). The results were calculated and analyzed by using SPSS. Quantitative data were expressed as mean (±SE) and statistical significance of difference among the group was calculated by unpaired student's 't' test. In this study we found that BMI was 27.87±1.9kg/m² and serum TSH level was 2.27±1.18μIU/ml in study group. Both (BMITSH) are significantly increased in study groups in comparison with control group. Therefore, by this study we recommended that routine estimation of these parameters is important for prevention of complication related to pregnancy.

Colorectal cancer being the 4th most common cause of cancer death in which most arise from a preexisting adenomatous polyp. Among the various adenomas Giant villous adenoma (GVA) is less common. We came across a 65 years female with intermittent per rectal mucus discharge for last 10 years and intermittent fresh, painless, scanty per rectal bleeding along with weakness and fatigue for last 5 years. No members of her family had been suffering from colorectal malignancy. DRE revealed irregular gritty feelings of rectal mucosa starting 2cm from anal verge and the examining fingertip was blood tinged mixed with mucus. On proctoscopic examination the accessible rectum was studded with thousands of polyps with granular appearance, with variable sizes and there was mucus mixed blood within the rectum. Colonoscopy reveals- polypoid lesion starting 2cm from anal verge and extends up to 2cm with granular and velvety appearance. Biopsy was done 2 times for suspicious lesion and histopathology reveals tubulovillous adenoma with dysplasia. However as clinical suspicion of an adenocarcinoma was strong but histopathological report of colonoscopic biopsy was contradictory, intersphincteric ultra-low anterior resection with coloanal anastomosis with covering ileostomy was done. Resected specimen was sent for histopathological study and it reveals- villous adenoma with low grade dysplasia. Two months later reversal of ileostomy was done and now the patient is under regular follow up and now she is asymptomatic.

Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge because of its high frequency and concomitant risks of cardiovascular and kidney disease. It is recognized as a major contributor to the disease burden globally. Aim of the study was to evaluate body mass index and fasting serum glucose level in male hypertensive patients in order to compare these parameters with male normotensive subjects. This analytical type of cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh from July 2018 to June 2019. Total 200 male subjects, age range was from 30-65 years were included in this study. Among them, 100 hypertensive subjects were taken as study group (Group II) and 100 ages matched normotensive male subjects were taken as control group (Group I). Quantitative data were expressed as mean (±SD) and statistical significance of difference among the group was calculated by unpaired student's 't' test. In this study we found that body mass index was significantly (p0.001) increased in study group (29.52±2.46) in comparison with control group (22.91±1.04). Fasting serum glucose level was also significantly (p0.001) increased in study group (6.35±0.47) in comparison with control group (4.52±0.50). Based on the study carried out it is concluded that there is definite relationship of body mass index and fasting serum glucose level with hypertension. Therefore, basic measurement of weight and height to determine the body mass index and fasting serum glucose level as routine assessment during hospital visitation with appropriate lifestyle modification would help in controlling hypertension as well as its devastating consequences.

The Left internal mammary artery (LIMA) is considered the conduit of choice for the surgical treatment (CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting) of Coronary artery disease (CAD) due to its superior long term potency than the other conduits. Sequential anastomosis with the LIMA in CABG increases the number of arterial graft and more completeness the arterial revascularization. To increase the number of arterial graft and improved long term potency, an alternative technique is sequential anastomosis of LIMA to Diagonal (D)left anterior descending artery (LAD) and LIMA-LIMA "Y" Graft play a vital role in patients with tight proximal lesion. Perioperative data were prospectively collected from all patients with isolated CAD with tight proximal LAD lesion, who underwent off-pump CABG from November 2013 to October 2015 at a single Centre. A total of 321 patients had LIMA to DLAD sequential and LIMA-LIMA "Y" grafts pattern with severe proximal LAD lesion. The mean age was 54.7±8.4 years, malefemale ratio was 29.7:7.5. Left main involvement was in 25%triple vessel disease was 89% with LVEF 53.6±8.6%. Sequential LIMA to diagonal (side to side)LAD (end to side) done in all 294 cases and LIMA-LIMA"Y" grafts in 27 cases. Thirty days mortality was 0.935% (3 patients). Postoperative myocardial infarction (MI) occurred in 2 patients (0.623%). Two sequential LIMA graft failed and both the diagonalLAD bypassed coronary arteries were very narrow, about 1mm in diameter. All the patients underwent postoperative NYHA class evaluation at 3-6 months follow upfound normal and none of the patients suffered for angina. Revascularization with skeletonized sequential LIMA anastomosis to D, LADLIMA-LIMA "Y" graft is a safe, feasible with improve overall long-term potency and reproducible alternative in the presence of severe proximal LAD lesion to the complete revascularization of the anteriorlateral myocardial wall. Long term follow-up with coronary angiogram is essential to recommend this technique as standard one.