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Postoperative adhesions still remain as a common and serious problem leading to morbidity, mortality and economic loss. Adhesions are the major cause of postoperative intestinal obstruction, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain. In this study, we aimed to compare adhesion prevention effects of pentoxyphylline, enoxaparin and methylene blue and to investigate the effects of these agents on angiogenesis, which is suggested as an important step in wound healing, in rat a uterine horn model.Forty female Wistar albino rats were randomized into four subgroups and underwent laparotomy. Adhesions developed following cauterization at the anti-mesenteric surfaces of both uterine horns. After 14 days, adhesions were investigated by using macroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-beta), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)] methods.We found that enoxaparin significantly reduced adhesion formation. Pentoxyphylline had no significant effect on adhesion formation, whereas methylene blue had a significant decreasing effect on histopathologically determined adhesion markers and it may affect angiogenesis through PDGF.Among three agents, which were intraperitoneally given by a single dose manner in order to prevent postoperative adhesions, methylene blue and enoxaparin exhibited a positive effect, while no such effect was shown with pentoxyphylline.

Recent studies show that the cerebellum contributes to higher cognitive functions as well as its role on motor system. It is thought that higher cognitive functions continue to develop during childhood and adolescence; therefore, cerebellum develops significantly during these periods. For that reason, this study was carried out in order to determine cerebellar volumes of 90 healthy individuals (40 males, 50 females) aged between 6 and 17 years according to their gender. The individuals were divided into three age groups of 6-9, 10- -13, and 14-17 years, and their cerebellar volumes were found by means of stereological methods using their magnetic resonance images. The cerebellar volumes found were compared among the groups without discriminating genders, among groups according to gender, and again according to gender within each age group. The general average cerebellar volume of the age group 10-13 years was significantly higher than the other two age groups(p 〈 0.05). When the groups were compared according to gender, there was no important difference between the groups in women (p 〉 0.05); as for men, cerebellar volume only in the age group 10-13 years was significantly higher than that in age group 6-9 (p 〈 0.05). When cerebellar volume for ages 6-17 years was compared according to gender (without dividing into age group) there was no significant difference between men and women (p 〉 0.05). It was seen that the cerebellum develops from childhood to adolescence, and reaches peak levels between the ages 10-13 years for both genders.

Clinical symptoms caused by the elongated styloid process (SP) or calcified stylohyoid ligament were first described by W. Eagle and they are now known as Eagle syndrome (ES). Normal length of SP was stated by Eagle as 2.5 cm. The objective of this study was to determine and discuss the length of SP and medial angulation degree with computed tomography (CT), which is an affective modality in the identification of ES, and a comparison with related studies. Three-dimensional (3D) images obtained from the axial CT scans of 22 cases (11 males and 11 females) aged between 24 and 80 years, who referred to Cumhuriyet University Hospital, Department of Radiology for multi slice CT with the pre-diagnosis of ES, were used. Lengths of the SP and medial angulations were measured on the obtained images. Inter- and intra-group comparisons were carried out using Wilcoxan and Mann-Whitney U tests. The mean length of the SP was found as 4.1 ± 1.1 cm. When inter- and intra-group lengths of the right and left SP were compared, the difference was not significant (p 〉 0.05). The mean medial angulation of the SP was found as 67.5 ± 5.1°. There was a significant difference found between the right side medial angulation and left side medial angulation in all persons (p 〈 0.05). Lengths of the right and left SP of the patients with pre-diagnosis of ES were close to each other. However, the right-side angulation was observed to be smaller than the left medial angulation in all the patients. Similarly, right side medial angulation of the females was smaller than the left side medial angulation, but this difference was absent in the males. Eagle syndrome should be kept in mind in patients with a sore throat radiating to the ears with swallowing and an observed non-compliance between the complaints such as feeling a foreign body in the throat and facial pain, and physical examination of those who do not have a response to long-term medical therapy should be performed.