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Background: Relapse is frequent among substance abusers all across the world, and Bangladesh is no exception. Drug-related issues are gradually becoming a hot topic in Bangladesh, from a social, economic, and medical standpoint. The present study aimed to find out sociodemographic factors associated with relapse amongst substance abuser. Material & Methods: This descriptive type of observational study conducted in the Combined Military Hospital and other Government/Private Hospital/Institute especially Central Drug Addict Treatment Center, Dhaka with a total sample size of 36 participants. Detailed information was obtained in each case according to protocol through complete history from patients or their accompanying attendants using a data collection sheet which was read out to them in Bangla. All the information was recorded in the pre fixed protocol. Collected data was classified, edited, coded and entered into the computer for statistical analysis by using SPSS-23. Results: The study found that yaba was the most commonly abused drug among 36 participants, with 27.78% reporting abuse. 27.78% of participants had a psychiatric illness, with the majority being male (97.22%) and Muslim (88.89%). The largest group of participants were aged 31-40 (47.22%) and most were unemployed (83.33%) and married (94.44%). Peer pressure and family problems were the most commonly reported causes of relapse (91.67% and 83.33%, respectively). Other factors such as unemployment, depression, and failure in life also contributed to relapse. Conclusion: Yaba was the most prevalent substance of abuse and the majority of participants were male, had a psychiatric illness, and were unemployed. Peer pressure and family problems were the main causes of relapse.

Background: Relapse amongst substance abusers is common throughout the world, and Bangladesh is no exception to this. In Bangladesh, drug related problems are gradually becoming a burning issue in context of social, economical and medical perspective. The present study aimed to find out factors indicating relapse amongst substance abuser. Methods: This descriptive type of observational study was conducted in the combined military hospital and other government/private hospital/institute, especially the central drug addict treatment center, Dhaka. Informed consent was obtained prior to data collection. Collected data was classified, edited, coded, and entered into the computer for statistical analysis by using SPSS-23. The chi-Square test was used to analyze the categorical variables, and a p

The development business has been struggling with quality problems for many years, and so the value to our economy is dramatic. The value might doubtless be reduced considerably if the business were to embrace the thought of quality assurance that has been used with nice success by several alternative sectors of the economy. Building house owners even have to be compelled to be educated on what is quality assurance thus they’re going to begin exploitation their voice to encourage adaptation of this approach to protect their investments and cut back the value of construction. Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) represent more and more vital considerations for project managers. Defects or failures in made facilities might lead to terribly massive prices. Even with minor defects, re-construction is additionally needed and facility operations impaired. Exaggerated prices and delays area unit the result. Quality Assurance and control is a crucial a locality of any construction method to spice up the quality and uniformity of the project. The necessity for QA and QC in construction comes has exaggerated significantly in recent times as a result of important changes, advancements in technology and high expectation of the users. The QA and QC maintain uniformity in construction method and guarantee a lot of economical utilization of materials resulting in important reduction in value to the users. The additional value concerned in QA and QC is directly proportional to the benefits. A method has been developed for QA and QC in construction industry. The methodology accomplishes the specified quality in construction method. Ultimately the presence of quality is very important. Thus typically we tend to area unit ready to outline the quality in many ways in which as follows, Quality is correspondence to needs or specifications. Quality is fitness to be used. Quality is that the degree to that a set of inherent characteristics fulfills needs.

In worldwide there uses cosmetic all over the world cosmetic enhances the beauty and attractiveness there are various law and rule to import and export the cosmetic. The problem related to the skin, hair, nair are occurring. To overcome this problem we use the cosmetic there are various product are available to use how they prepare. For the prepare product various testing is done.

The pharmacological medicine and pharmacodynamics of medication area unit totally different in adult and medical specialty populations, the latter being significantly heterogeneous. These variations in pharmacological medicine and pharmacodynamics justify specific studies however raise variety of moral and sensible problems. the most sensible difficulties to avoid whereas performing arts clinical studies in kids area unit the invasiveness of the procedures and also the obstacles to patient enlisting. The invasiveness associated with pain/anxiety and blood loss precludes the performance of classical pharmacokinetic studies in kids in several instances, significantly in neonates and infants. Population approaches, that believe pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling, area unit significantly appealing in medical specialty populations as a result of these models will address thin knowledge. The connexion of population approaches to investigation of the dose-concentration-effect relationships and to qualitative/quantitative assessment of things which will make a case for interindividual variability has already been emphasised.

Recently peoples are becoming attracted towards seasoning medicines thanks to several blessings. seasoning formulations have Reached in depth acceptableness as therapeutic agents for many diseases. Although, most of those applications area unit Unorthodox, it's but a better-known undeniable fact that over eightieth of the globe population depends on seasoning medicines and merchandise For healthy living. This rise within the use of seasoning product has additionally given rise to varied sorts of abuse and adulteration of The product resulting in consumers’ and manufacturers’ disappointment and in some instances fatal consequences. the event of authentic analytical ways which may dependably profile the phytochemical composition, together with Quantitative analyses of marker/bioactive compounds and different major constituents, could be a major challenge to scientists. Standardization is a very important step for the institution of an identical biological activity, an identical chemical profile, or just a high quality assurance program for production and producing of seasoning medication. In gift critical review numerous Convectional ways moreover as newer advances area unit represented. Recent advancements includes desoxyribonucleic acid process, Metabolomics technique, differential pulse chemical analysis, chemometric, X-ray diffraction…etc. area unit discovered. Capillary action and action techniques contributions towards standardization of seasoning medication is additionally reported.

Robertsonian translocation is one of the major chromosomal rearrangements with an incidence rate of 0.1% of the general population. The current study presents a novel case of 18 years old male with complaint of high-grade fever was admitted at The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India for treatment. Molecular cytogenetic study revealed sole constitutional nonhomologous Robertsonian translocation rob (14; 15) (q10:q10) in a B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. The constitutional translocation might be associated with a degree of genetic instability within the probability of somatic cytogenetic changes leading to hematopoietic disorders and neoplasia. Thus, present case report therefore support the hypothesis of increased susceptibility of rob (14; 15) carriers to leukemia. However prognostic significance of constitutional cytogenetic abnormalities in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia has remained a matter of debate.

A fixed-dose combination of diacerein and aceclofenac (ACF) is commonly used in the treatment of osteoarthritis for their disease-modifying and analgesic effects, respectively. We introduce a simple, fast, sensitive, and green HPLC method for synchronous quantification of rhein (RH) (a primary metabolite of diacerein), ACF, and diclofenac (DL) (an active metabolite of ACF) in rat plasma using fenofibric acid as an internal standard (IS). The chromatographic conditions were optimized using Fractional Factorial and Box-Behnken design. Drugs were extracted by acetonitrile-methanol-based simple protein precipitation technique. The separation was performed on C18 column (Phenomenex, 250 × 4.6 mm), using acetonitrile: phosphate buffer pH 3.5 (60:40, v/v) at a 1 mL/min flow rate in a 10 min run time and detected at 264 nm. As per the USFDA guidelines, the established method was validated. RH, ACF, and DL showed good linearity in the 25–3000, 50–6000, and 50–6000 ng/mL concentration ranges respectively. The precision and accuracy results were found to be well within the acceptable range, with average recovery ranging between 92.27 and 96.10%. The developed method was found to be stable and successfully used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters in Wistar rats after oral administration of Dycerin A tablet.

Articial intelligence is gaining attention all over the globe as it has marked a high impact, breakthrough in the eld of intelligence innovation. As the age increases, human beings are expecting a extra accurate and all-inclusive treatment, hence the dependency on articial intelligence can only add privilege to the quality of treatment. Machine learning does not intend to replace the dental healthcare worker, but can be a method to create a second informed opinion based on mathematical decision making and prediction. It is employed in each eld, ranging from automation to dentistry. It is a rescuer for dentistry specically in the eld of Prosthodontics as it aids in the scheming of prostheses and in the creation of functional maxillofacial appliances. It is also useful in the process of record keeping of patient documents, diagnosis, treatment planning and patient managing; hence it supports the dental surgeons to work smarter.

Biogenic municipal waste (BMW) constitutes a major fraction of municipal solid waste in Bangladesh. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) can provide a sustainable solution to the increasing generation of BMW by converting it to biofuel feedstock. This study evaluates the fuel properties, reaction yields, and morphology of solid product (i.e., hydrochar) derived via HTC of BMW obtained directly from a landfill in Bangladesh. A partial factorial design was employed over two independent levels of variation for reaction temperature (190 and 220oC), three independent levels of variation for residence time (20, 30, and 40 min), and water loading (70, 80, and 90%). Multivariate analysis was performed to understand the correlation among the dependent and independent variables of HTC experiments. Higher heating value (HHV) of the produced hydrochars showed that high-quality solid biofuel (with up to 15.6 MJ/kg) could be produced from BMW. Empirical models have been developed based on the experimental data to predict product yield and HHV of hydrochars; the models were of acceptable accuracy considering the inhomogeneity of the waste feedstock.

Background: Prostate Cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer deaths in older men worldwide. In the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3)/AKT pathway, the PTEN (10q23.3) gene is a negative regulator and a tumor suppressor gene frequently deleted in PCa. Information about the PTEN deletion in the primary tumor, in addition to clinico-pathological parameters, might be of significance for selecting the ideal treatment for a patient. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of PTEN deletion in prostate cancer using FISH technique. Materials and Method: Histopathologically proven and diagnosed PCa patients were included for a PTEN gene deletion study by FISH technique. FISH was performed on paraffin embedded tissue using ZytoLight SPEC PTEN/CEN10 Dual Color Probe Kit (CytoVision GmbH, Bremerhaven, Germany). Results: A total of 42 histopathologically proven and diagnosed PCa patients were enrolled in the present study. The median age was 65 years. PTEN gene deletion was positive in 24 patients (57%) while 18 (43%) were negative. PTEN gene deletion was significantly higher in advanced stages as compared to those in early advanced stages. PTEN gene was significantly deleted in patients with the presence of positive lymph nodes compared to patients without positive lymph nodes. Conclusion: The present study suggests that PTEN deletion is associated with tumor stage and lymph node status. This study demonstrated that a higher rate of PTEN deletion is associated with advanced stage cancers with a Gleason's score of 7, which explains the poor prognosis associated with its deletion. Detection of PTEN status will help to identify the specific subsets of patients who might benefit from molecular targeted therapies.

Aim There are few reliable estimates of the half-lives of maternal antibodies to the antigens found in the primary series vaccines. We aimed to calculate the half-lives of passively acquired diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) antibodies in infants. We aimed to determine whether decay rates varied according to country, maternal age, gestational age, birthweight, World Bank income classifications, or vaccine received by the mother during pregnancy. Methods De-identified data from infants born to women taking part in 10 studies, in 9 countries (UK, Belgium, Thailand, Vietnam, Canada, Pakistan, USA, Guatemala and the Netherlands) were combined in an individual participant data meta-analysis. Blood samples were taken at two timepoints before any DTP-containing vaccines were received by the infant: at birth and at 2-months of age. Decay rates for each antigen were log2-transformed and a mixed effects model was applied. Half-lives were calculated by taking the reciprocal of the absolute value of the mean decay rates. Results Data from 1426 mother-infant pairs were included in the analysis. The half-lives of the 6 antigen-specific maternal antibodies of interest were similar, with point estimates ranging from 28.7 (95% CI: 24.4 – 35) days for tetanus toxoid antibodies to 35.1 (95% CI: 30.7 – 41.1) days for pertactin antibodies. The decay of maternal antibodies did not significantly differ by maternal age, gestational age, birthweight, maternal vaccination status or type of vaccine administered. Conclusion Maternal antibodies decay at different rates for the different antigens; however, the magnitude of the difference is small. Decay rates are not modified by key demographic or vaccine characteristics.

Background This study compared the surgical and oncological outcomes of open and minimally invasive pelvic exenteration. Methods Patients who underwent pelvic exenterations for primary locally advanced rectal cancers with invasion of the urogenital organs (central and anterior disease) between August 2013 and September 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were categorized as undergoing open or minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and these groups were compared for perioperative outcomes and 3-year survival (overall, recurrence-free and local relapse-free survival). Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the independent influence of approach of surgery and cancer features on recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results Of the 158 patients who underwent pelvic exenteration, 97 (61.4 per cent) had open exenterations and 61 (38.6 per cent) patients had an MIS resection (44 patients (72 per cent) using laparoscopy and 17 (28 per cent) using robotic surgery). There were 96 (60.8 per cent) total pelvic exenterations and 62 (39.2 per cent) posterior pelvic exenterations. MIS exenterations had significantly longer operative times (MIS versus open: 640 mins versus 450 mins; P < 0.001) but reduced blood loss (MIS versus open: 900 ml versus 1600 ml; P < 0.001) and abdominal wound infections (MIS versus open: 8.2 versus 17.5 per cent; P = 0.020) without a difference in hospital stay (MIS versus open: 11 versus 12 days; P = 0.620). R0 resection rates and involvement of circumferential resection margins were similar (MIS versus open: 88.5 versus 91.8 per cent, P = 0.490 and 13.1 versus 8.2 per cent, P = 0.342 respectively). At a median follow-up of 29 months, there were no differences in 3-year overall survival (MIS versus open: 79.4 versus 60.2 per cent; P = 0.251), RFS (MIS versus open: 51.9 versus 47.8 per cent; P = 0.922) or local relapse-free survival (MIS versus open: 89.7 versus 75.2 per cent; P = 0.491. On multivariable analysis, approach to surgery had no bearing on RFS, and only known distant metastasis, aggressive histology and inadequate response to neoadjuvant radiation (pathological tumour regression grade greater than 3) predicted worse RFS. Conclusion MIS exenterations documented longer procedures but resulted in less blood loss and fewer wound infections compared with open surgeries. In the setting of an experienced centre, the hospital stay, R0 resection rates and oncological outcomes at 3 years were similar to those of open exenterations., Minimally invasive exenterations are oncologically safe operations for primary rectal cancers in specialized centres, with outcomes comparable to those of open exenterations. Minimally invasive surgeries were associated with longer operative times but reduced blood loss and abdominal wound infections.

Precise enteric fever disease burden data are needed to inform prevention and control measures, including the use of newly available typhoid vaccines. We established the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) to inform these strategies.From September, 2016, to September, 2019, we conducted prospective clinical surveillance for Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S Typhi) and Paratyphi (S Paratyphi) A, B, and C at health facilities in predetermined catchment areas in Dhaka, Bangladesh; Kathmandu and Kavrepalanchok, Nepal; and Karachi, Pakistan. Patients eligible for inclusion were outpatients with 3 or more consecutive days of fever in the last 7 days; inpatients with suspected or confirmed enteric fever; patients with blood culture-confirmed enteric fever from the hospital laboratories not captured by inpatient or outpatient enrolment and cases from the laboratory network; and patients with non-traumatic ileal perforation under surgical care. We used a hybrid surveillance model, pairing facility-based blood culture surveillance with community surveys of health-care use. Blood cultures were performed for enrolled patients. We calculated overall and age-specific typhoid and paratyphoid incidence estimates for each study site. Adjusted estimates accounted for the sensitivity of blood culture, the proportion of eligible individuals who consented and provided blood, the probability of care-seeking at a study facility, and the influence of wealth and education on care-seeking. We additionally calculated incidence of hospitalisation due to typhoid and paratyphoid.A total of 34 747 patients were enrolled across 23 facilitates (six tertiary hospitals, surgical wards of two additional hospitals, and 15 laboratory network sites) during the study period. Of the 34 303 blood cultures performed on enrolled patients, 8705 (26%) were positive for typhoidal Salmonella. Adjusted incidence rates of enteric fever considered patients in the six tertiary hospitals. Adjusted incidence of S Typhi, expressed per 100 000 person-years, was 913 (95% CI 765-1095) in Dhaka. In Nepal, the adjusted typhoid incidence rates were 330 (230-480) in Kathmandu and 268 (202-362) in Kavrepalanchok. In Pakistan, the adjusted incidence rates per hospital site were 176 (144-216) and 103 (85-126). The adjusted incidence rates of paratyphoid (of which all included cases were due to S Paratyphi A) were 128 (107-154) in Bangladesh, 46 (34-62) and 81 (56-118) in the Nepal sites, and 23 (19-29) and 1 (1-1) in the Pakistan sites. Adjusted incidence of hospitalisation was high across sites, and overall, 2804 (32%) of 8705 patients with blood culture-confirmed enteric fever were hospitalised.Across diverse communities in three south Asian countries, adjusted incidence exceeded the threshold for "high burden" of enteric fever (100 per 100 000 person-years). Incidence was highest among children, although age patterns differed across sites. The substantial disease burden identified highlights the need for control measures, including improvements to water and sanitation infrastructure and the implementation of typhoid vaccines.BillMelinda Gates Foundation.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified an error in the affiliation list. The affiliation of author G. Walter Canonica should have been split up into two affiliations: • Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy – Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, Rozzano (MI), Italy • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy The corrected affiliation list is reflected in this Correction. © 2020, The Author(s).

KARABAY, OGUZ/0000-0003-1514-1685; Kaya, Sehnaz/0000-0003-0002-1517; Gan, Chin Seng/0000-0002-6758-4798; Valderrama, Sandra/0000-0003-1833-1599; Abouqal, Redouane/0000-0002-6117-4341; Unal, Necmettin/0000-0002-9440-7893; Yousef, Reham H. A./0000-0003-4004-3008; Horhat, Florin George/0000-0001-6133-0204 WOS: 000522628200013 PubMed: 31676155 Background: We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2012 to December 2017 in 523 intensive care units (ICUs) in 45 countries from Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. Methods: During the 6-year study period, prospective data from 532,483 ICU patients hospitalized in 242 hospitals, for an aggregate of 2,197,304 patient days, were collected through the INICC Surveillance Online System (ISOS). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI) were applied. Results: Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled central line-associated bloodstream infection rate was higher (5.05 vs 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days); the ventilator-associated pneumonia rate was also higher (14.1 vs 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days,), as well as the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.1 vs 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days). From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance, such as of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to piperacillin-tazobactam (33.0% vs 18.3%), were also higher. Conclusions: Despite a significant trend toward the reduction in INICC ICUs, DA-HAI rates are still much higher compared with CDC-NHSN's ICUs representing the developed world. It is INICC's main goal to provide basic and cost-effective resources, through the INICC Surveillance Online System to tackle the burden of DA-HAIs effectively. (C) 2019 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium Surveillance Online System Funding for the design, development, maintenance, technical support, data validation, and report generation of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium Surveillance Online System, and the activities carried out at the International Nosocomial Infection Control headquarters were provided by Victor D. Rosenthal, and the Foundation to Fight against Nosocomial Infections.

In recent years, multiscale modeling has seen numerous developments due to the improvement of techniques and computational power. The benefit of these modeling approaches is also harnessed for waste biorefinery concept. Applications of these models range from a molecular-level understanding to system-scale optimization of processes and product distribution. This chapter provides an overview of the modeling approaches that shaped the current state of biorefineries in a nutshell. The suitability and usefulness of the models are discussed for comparison. To select the appropriate model specific to application, a generic guideline is provided at the end of the chapter.

Background: Paediatric shaft femoral fracture can be treated either conservatively or by internal fixation. Complications inherited with cast management and advantages of the intramedullary nailing in long bone fracture, resulted in increased use of this technique for paediatric shaft femur fracture. We conducted a retrospective study of the patients treated with close intramedullary nailing by using titanium elastic nail in shaft femur fracture for paediatric patients.Materials & Methods: During 2013 and 2016, we have conducted a retrospective study of 40 diaphyseal fractures of femur using closed titanium elastic nail (TEN), in paediatric patients(24 male and 16 female). Patients’ evaluation was done using Flynn criteria, resumption of school and associated complications.Results: With minimum follow-up period of 6 months, 92.5% of the patients had shown radiological union by 4 to 6 weeks with resumption of school by 8 weeks. According to Flynn criteria, excellent results were achieved in 31 (77.5%) patients, good result in 8 (20%) and poor result was present in 1(2.5%) case.Conclusions: Titanium elastic nailing in paediatric patients with shaft femur fracture is a safe, simple and reproducible technique with minimum complications, leading to early return to preinjury level with minimum morbidity.

Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the protein expression of interleukin 18 (IL-18) in patients with untreated breast cancer and further to evaluate its clinical efficacy in predicting treatment outcome. Methods: In the present study, a total of 50 untreated patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of breast were included in the study. Expression of IL-18 was studied by immunohistochemistry method. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences statistical software and P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Seventy-two percent of the breast cancer patients showed the presence of cytoplasmic and/or nuclear IL-18 immunoreactivity. IL-18 expression was significantly and positively correlated with the stromal response (χ2 = 3.97, r = 0.282, P = 0.044). Further, the IL-18 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in patients with HER2 amplification as compared to luminal B (χ2 = 2.82, r = −0.523, P = 0.047) breast cancer patients. Moreover, a trend of increased IL-18 expression was observed in estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) negative patients as compared to ER/PR positive patients (χ2 = 3.41, r = −0.282, P = 0.066). Conclusion: IL-18 could be used as a potential predictive marker and guide clinicians for recommendations to newer treatment. It might serve as a potential therapeutic target to establish novel treatment approaches along with the current treatment protocol used.

The use of imatinib has brought a standard shift in the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) during the last two decades. In India, imatinib has been available for more than fifteen years and has been made available all over the country due to patient assistance programs and cheaper generic versions. Despite improvements in survival of CML patients, there are unique challenges in the Indian context. Indian patients present with more advanced disease. Most centers have access to imatinib as first-line therapy, but there is limited availability of molecular monitoring and second-line therapy. Most of the outcome data is retrospective and comparable with that reported in Western centers. Drug adherence is impaired in at least one third of patients and contributes to poor survival. The aim of this review is to highlight the fact that prospective studies and cooperative studies are very much needed to improve the quality of data available on Indian CML patients.

Cancer development and progression as well as tumor recurrence are largely due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are maintained through various pathways. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is the fundamental pathway, which when deregulated leads to tumor development by sustaining CSC population. Along with the upregulation of its various components, Wnt pathway is highly active in cancer cells resulting in increased expression of the target genes. In breast cancer condition, convincing results are available wherein the Wnt pathway activation in breast cancer cells increases the cell motility while its blockade suppresses their aggressive behavior in vitro. Further, numerous reports on breast cancer patients have documented the importance of activation of Wnt pathway and its components to an extent that the regulation can be exploited therapeutically with promising results. In addition, recent research has laid emphasis on the significance of Wnt pathway in the triple-negative breast cancer, a molecular subtype of breast cancer, which lacks targeted therapy till date. Hence, understanding of Wnt signaling and its targeting to treat such patients can be an assuring approach.

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a familial hemolytic disorder with marked heterogeneity of clinical features ranging from asymptomatic condition to a fulminant hemolytic anemia. HS is characterized by the strong family history of anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly and cholelithiasis. Anesthetic Management of HS with liver dysfunction is very challenging since most of the anesthetic drugs are metabolized by the liver. Hereby, we report anesthetic management in a case of HS with splenomegaly and gall stones for elective splenectomy and cholecystectomy.

Production forecast can significantly influence field development planning and economic evaluation. Traditional methods including numerical simulations and decline curve analysis models (DCA) requires extensive domain knowledge or lack of flexibility in modeling complex physics. However, data-driven techniques using recursive neural networks (RNN) have proven very efficient and accurate in time-series forecasting related applications. This study implemented and compared RNN with DCA in production forecast of single and multiple wells. A typical RNN based long short-term memory (LSTM) models were first developed with various input and output sequences. Then, well-known DCA models such as Duong, Stretched Exponential Decline (SEPD), Power Law Exponential Decline (PLE) were implemented as reference solutions. Moreover, data cleaning process involves preparation of history production rates and well constraints for existing wells. For multiple wells, similar input parameters were aggregated together for adjacent wells before declining forecast using the former model. Finally, hold-out training and validation were performed, followed by comparison of model accuracy and efficiency. Various LSTM based sequence-to-sequence models such as one-to-one, many-to-one, and many-to-many were successfully implemented for production forecast. Feature engineering was performed to generate additional features to facilitate training process. It was observed better agreement for the blind-forecasting validation dataset (i.e., last 20% of the given history) between LSTM model prediction and history production than DCA based models. LSTM models captured the overall trend whereas DCA only produced smooth curves. In addition, LSTM based models yielded good matches for all three-phase rates whereas DCA was usually limited to a certain phase. Moreover, for multiple wells, a group of neighboring wells with variable history lengths were used for training the model to forecast the production rates, where the modeling process is similar as character translation in natural language processing. Finally, it was demonstrated that the developed RNN based sequence-to-sequence models will be readily extended to model other time-series related problems such as condition-based maintenance and failure prediction. This study proposed a novel approach to model time-series related problems (e.g., production forecast) using the RNN based sequence-to-sequence models. The developed data-driven approach makes the process of history matching and forecasting efficiency and accurate for assets with or without decent operation history information. In addition, the algorithms and case studies herein were developed with open-source libraries, which could be readily incorporated into either in-house or commercial packages.

Closed form solutions of nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) are very imperative in order to better understand the inner mechanism and complexity of complex physical phenomena. The enhanced (/)GGexpansion′− method is a effectual and proficient mathematical tool which can be used to discover the closed form solutions of NLEEs arising in mathematical physics, applied mathematics and engineering. In this article, the enhanced (/)GGexpansion′− method is recommended and carry out to investigate the closed form solutions of the new fifth order non-linear equation and the new generalized fifth order non-linear equation. The performance of this method is reliable, proficient and possible to obtain a lot of new exact solutions than the existing other methods.

Hyperspectral face recognition is a very challenging task as well as time-consuming process. Hyperspectral face images (HFI) are a very big size images as compare to normal RGB images. HFI is always more than 10 bands with spatial resolution and its size varies from camera to camera. To execute these large numbers of files, a big memory is required due to high dimensions. Principle Component Analysis is used with double layer feature extraction to reduce the dimensional size without losing the prominent features. Double layer PCA is applied on the Hong Kong Polytechnic University’s Hyperspectral Face Database (PolyU-HSFD) and classify on the basis of k-nearest neighbor.

Polarization controllers are becoming increasingly important for various applications, including adaptive polarization stabilization and Stokes-vector modulation in optical networks, RF photonics, bio-imaging and sensing, and quantum optics. In order to reduce the size and cost of conventional bulky optical components, various types of integrated polarization controllers have been researched over the years. Among others, simple straight-line scheme consisting of integrated polarization converter (PC) and polarization- dependent phase shifter (PD-PS) has been proposed and implemented on InP platforms [1-3]. These previous demonstrations, however, employed identical epitaxial layers for both PC and PD-PS sections, which has limited the performance.

Undernutrition among women and children contributes to almost half the global burden of child mortality in developing countries. The impact of nutrition on economic development has highlighted the need for evidence-based solutions and yielded substantial global momentum. However, it is now recognized that the impact of evidence-based interventions is limited by the lack of evidence on the best operational strategies for scaling up nutrition interventions. With the goal of encouraging greater engagement in implementation research in nutrition and generating evidence on implementation and utilization of nutrition interventions, this paper brings together a framework and a broad analysis of literature to frame and highlight the crucial importance of research on the delivery and utilization of nutrition interventions. The paper draws on the deliberations of a high-level working group, an e-consultation, a conference, and the published literature. It proposes a framework and areas of research that have been quite neglected, and yet are critical to better understanding through careful research to enable better translation of global and national political momentum for nutrition into public health impact.