Search

Dengue fever is one of the most common arboviral infections, and it is the world's fastest-spreading tropical illness. According to the World Health Organization, fifty million cases of clinical dengue infections occur each year, posing a significant public health hazard, primarily in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Since the first report of Dengue infection with acute encephalopathy was reported in 1976, there have been reports from numerous Southeast Asian nations. We present three cases of dengue fever from southern India that presented with encephalitis-like symptoms in this report. The diagnosis of dengue was supported by serum dengue antibody levels. Three patients were examined, and it was discovered that the neurological findings of each patient varied. One of the patients had typical MRI brain findings, primarily involving the bilateral thalami, the other's computed tomography scan revealed cerebral edema, and the third patient had no significant neurological findings at all. We present this case because, to prevent negative outcomes and improve patient quality of life through early detection, dengue encephalitis should be considered when making a differential diagnosis of fever with decreased sensory function, particularly in countries like India where dengue is endemic. Key words: dengue encephalopathy, dengue, dengue hemorrhagic fever.

Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) has numerous and easily observable benefits in healthcare, but its growth is being hampered by protection and security concerns. The problem at hand calls for one's whole attention and seriousness if one is to grasp its scope and make good use of it. A global, territorial, and local effort is required to disseminate health information. To completely profit of the wellbeing administrations, it is significant to set up the requested security rehearses for the counteraction of safety breaks and weaknesses.

The present study was conducted at farmers fields of Adilabad district, Telangana state, India during June- October of 2018-19 to 2020-21 (for 3 seasons) to appraise the effect of Broad Bed Furrow (BBF) technology on soybean yield as well as economics. In this study, BBF planting technology was compared with the farmer’s practice (Bullock drawn seed drill). In comparison to the conventional method, the sowing of soybean with BBF method found to be superior in seed yield and average soybean productivity with BBF planter was 2090 kg ha-1, with a yield increase of 11.60 per cent over conventional method of sowing (1873 kg ha-1). Similarly, the economics of soybean were found to be highest with BBF method in terms of gross returns (Rs. 75860 ha-1) and net returns (Rs. 47512 ha-1) with a B:C ratio of 2.66:1 compared to conventional method which generated the gross returns of Rs. 68096 ha-1 and net returns of Rs. 37964 ha-1 with a B:C ratio of 2.26:1.

Introduction: The use of minimally invasive procedures and attention to patient comfort are of great importance, especially for dental treatment in young children. This has led to the development of chemomechanical methods for caries removal. Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy in terms of time consumption between the chemomechanical caries removal agent Papacarie and conventional method of caries removal. Methods: Subjects for this study were chosen from the outpatients of the Dept of Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences. Twenty five children (age 6 -10 years) with bilateral frank cavitated lesions were included in this study. Bilateral primary teeth with comparable degrees of carious destruction were chosen in each child for caries removal with Papacarie and rotary instruments. The time taken for caries removal was measured using stopwatch. Results The time taken for caries removal in chemomechanical caries removal method was longer than the conventional method which was assessed using the student t test. Conclusions: Papacarie can be an effective clinical alternative treatment for the removal of occlusal dentinal caries in cavitated primary molars but requires longer time as compared to conventional method.

Resistance to antimycobacterial agents consistently remains a major obstacle to end TB in India. Geographical prevalence data regarding drug-resistant evolutionary genetics of M. tuberculosis (MTB) remains sparse in India. Our objective was to determine the genotypic drug resistance mutation pattern for Rifampicin and Isoniazid of MTB isolates to gain an understanding of the prevailing molecular epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis. In this study 2528 M. tuberculosis DNA isolates from presumptive DRTB suspects received at the nodal TB reference laboratory in Kerala were tested for Rifampicin and Isoniazid resistance by sequence-based diagnostic Line Probe assay (LPA). Geographical prevalence and associations of rpoB, katG, inhA resistance codons was analyzed from January 2019 to March 2020. Among the 2528 DNA samples subjected for Rifampicin and Isoniazid resistance determination by LPA, 146 (5.8%) isolates were resistant to both drugs. Isoniazid mono-resistance was found in 164 (6.5%) and Rifampicin mono-resistance in 38 (1.5%) isolates. The most frequent rpoB mutation was S531L (60.32%) followed by S531W/L533P mutations seen in 8.15% of the isolates. S315T1 KatG mutation was seen in 97.33% of Isoniazid resistant isolates. 84.68% isolates with rpoB S531L mutation were found to be multidrug-resistant. 82.9% of isolates with rpoB S531L mutation showed katG S315T1 mutation. Mono isoniazid-resistant isolates were significantly higher compared to mono rifampicin-resistant isolates among the DNA isolates studied in our region. The molecular epidemiological pattern most frequently associated with multidrug resistance was rpoB S531L which was significantly associated with the co-presence of S315T1 mutation.

Aim: To evaluate spectral indices as tools for separation of active aquaponds filled with water and engaged in shrimp/fish production from empty aquaponds using Landsat -8 data in coastal region of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh. Methodology: The active and empty aquaponds were demarcated with Landsat satellite (Landsat-8) Operational Land Imager’s (OLI) multispectral images using maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) algorithm and spectral indices like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified NDWI (MNDWI), Water Ratio Index (WRI) and Automated Water Extraction Index (AWEInsh) by means of thresholds. Results: The supervised classification using maximum likelyhood classifier recorded the highest active aquapond area whereas; NDWI, combination of indices and WRI resulted in lower but almost similar extents. Evaluation of confusion matrix using validation points revealed that NDWI, WRI and combination of indices resulted in all most perfect agreement with a kappa value of more than 0.9. Maximum likelihood classifier, NDVI and MNDWI could separate active ponds and empty ponds from other land uses with strong agreement, while AWEInsh could separate different land uses only with moderate agreement. Interpretation: The study indicates that spectral indices like NDWI, WRI and combination of indices are able to delineate aquaponds that were cultured for shrimp/fish and kept empty at a given time with noticeably high accuracy using satellite data for better managing of resources in coastal ecosystem.

Researchers and industry experts are looking for the availability of large bandwidth spectrum due to high market demands and expectations for high data rates. And Millimeter Wave technology possess characteristics to fulfill these requirements. However, due to high power consumption and channel estimation requirements, massive MIMO is utilized in coordination with Millimeter Wave technology. Besides, the performance of mm-WAVE MIMO system is measured by the effective estimation of Channel State Information (CSI) which is a critical and challenging process. Therefore, a Sparse Coding based Reconstruction Learning (SCL) mechanism is presented to efficiently estimate Channel State Information (CSI) for Millimeter-WAVE massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system. For efficiency enhancement, joint sparse learning problem is formulated and a denoised joint sparsity learning matrix is obtained using proposed SCL mechanism. Here, optimization of joint sparse learning problem is summarized by reducing inconsistent and overfitting errors. The proposed SCL mechanism performs well under high as well as low SNR conditions. Moreover, joint sparse coding algorithm is utilized for efficient sparse signal restoration. The performance of proposed SCL mechanism is efficiently measured against several state-of-art-algorithms in terms of energy efficiency, NMSE, channel capacity etc.

COVID-19, in most patients, presents with mild flu-like illness. Elderly patients with comorbidities, like hypertension, diabetes, or lung and cardiac disease, are more likely to have severe disease and deaths. Neurological complications have emerged as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Beside respiratory insufficiency, many hospitalized patients exhibit neurological manifestations ranging from headache and loss of smell, to confusion and disabling strokes. COVID-19 is also anticipated to take a toll on the nervous system in the long term. Neurological complications are frequently reported in critically ill patients with comorbidities. In COVID-19, both central and peripheral nervous systems can be affected. The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes the disease COVID-19 and has the potential to invade the brain. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the brain either via a haematogenous route or olfactory system. The most severe neurological manifestations, altered sensorium (agitation, delirium, and coma), are because of hypoxic and metabolic abnormalities. Characteristic cytokine storm incites severe metabolic changes and multiple organ failure. Profound coagulopathies may manifest with ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke. Rarely, SARS-CoV-2 virus encephalitis like acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or acute necrotizing encephalopathy have been reported. Complete or partial anosmia and ageusia are common peripheral nervous system manifestations. Recently, many cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome in COVID-19 patients have been observed, and a postinfectious immune-mediated inflammatory process was held responsible for this. Myalgia/fatigue is also common, and elevated creatine kinase levels indicate muscle injury. Here, we will provide a critical appraisal of the potential for neurotropism and mechanisms of neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 as they relate to the acute and chronic neurological consequences of the infection. Finally, we will examine potential avenues for future research and therapeutic development. Due to its worldwide distribution and multifactorial pathogenic mechanisms, COVID-19 poses a global threat to the entire nervous system. Although our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathogenesis is still incomplete and our knowledge is evolving rapidly, we hope that this review will provide a useful framework and help neurologists in understanding the many neurologic facets of COVID-19. Keywords:Coronavirus; Guillain-Barre syndrome; encephalitis; encephalopathy; myalgia

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] is an important pulse crop grown under Indian rainfed agriculture. Twenty eight pigeonpea genotypes were tested for stability and adaptability across ten rainfed locations in the States of Telangana and Karnataka, India using AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) model and GGE (genotype and genotype by environment) biplot method. The grain yields were significantly affected by environment (56.8%) followed by genotype × environment interaction (27.6%) and genotype (18.6%) variances. Two mega environments were identified with several winning genotypes viz., ICPH 2740 (G15), TS 3R (G10), PRG 176 (G8) and ICPL 96058 (G22). E2 (Gulbarga, Karnataka), E3 (Bidar, Karnataka) and E6 (Vikarabad, Telangana) were the most discriminating environments. Genotypes, ICPH 2740, PRG 176 and TS 3R were the best cultivars in all the environments whereas PRG 158 (G9), ICPL 87119 (G12), ICPL 20098 (G19) and ICPL 96058 (G22) were suitable across a wide range of environments. Genotypes, ICPH 2740 and PRG 176 can be recommended on a large scale to the farmers with small holdings to enhance pigeonpea productivity and improve the food security

BACKGROUND: The first national severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serosurvey in India, done in May-June, 2020, among adults aged 18 years or older from 21 states, found a SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody seroprevalence of 0·73% (95% CI 0·34-1·13). We aimed to assess the more recent nationwide seroprevalence in the general population in India. METHODS: We did a second household serosurvey among individuals aged 10 years or older in the same 700 villages or wards within 70 districts in India that were included in the first serosurvey. Individuals aged younger than 10 years and households that did not respond at the time of survey were excluded. Participants were interviewed to collect information on sociodemographics, symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, exposure history to laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, and history of COVID-19 illness. 3-5 mL of venous blood was collected from each participant and blood samples were tested using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. Seroprevalence was estimated after applying the sampling weights and adjusting for clustering and assay characteristics. We randomly selected one adult serum sample from each household to compare the seroprevalence among adults between the two serosurveys. FINDINGS: Between Aug 18 and Sept 20, 2020, we enrolled and collected serum samples from 29 082 individuals from 15 613 households. The weighted and adjusted seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in individuals aged 10 years or older was 6·6% (95% CI 5·8-7·4). Among 15 084 randomly selected adults (one per household), the weighted and adjusted seroprevalence was 7·1% (6·2-8·2). Seroprevalence was similar across age groups, sexes, and occupations. Seroprevalence was highest in urban slum areas followed by urban non-slum and rural areas. We estimated a cumulative 74·3 million infections in the country by Aug 18, 2020, with 26-32 infections for every reported COVID-19 case. INTERPRETATION: Approximately one in 15 individuals aged 10 years or older in India had SARS-CoV-2 infection by Aug 18, 2020. The adult seroprevalence increased approximately tenfold between May and August, 2020. Lower infection-to-case ratio in August than in May reflects a substantial increase in testing across the country. FUNDING: Indian Council of Medical Research.

The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of nanoparticles on the performance of refrigerant-based nanofluid flow through the vapour compression refrigeration system. Refrigeration systems have attracted many research activities in recent years. These systems traditionally operate with low coefficient of performance values. Other refrigerants used in vapour compression cycles may provide better performance for refrigeration cycles. Based on some research, the use of refrigeration & air conditioning systems consumes 30 to 40% of the total electricity consumed. The traditional method for increasing heat dissipation is to increase the area available for exchanging heat but it requires more space. The innovative concept of 'nanofluids' heat transfer fluids consisting of suspended of nanoparticles has been proposed as a prospect for these challenges. A refrigerant with low environmental impact and excellent thermodynamic performance will increase the performance of the system. So, R600a matches the standards and balanced nano-material (Aluminum oxide) in refrigerating systems then the performance testing of the system is going to be analyzed. By the addition of the nanoparticles to the refrigerant leads to improvements within the thermophysical properties and heat transfer characteristics of the refrigerant, thereby improving the performance of the cooling system. The experimental results show that the coefficient of performance of refrigerant-based nanofluid is above that of pure refrigerant. In considering the past researches, many characteristics behaviour are going to be implemented then experimentation is going to be administered.

Physicochemical properties of lemongrass biodiesel and diesel engine parameters fueled with nanoparticles (Zinc Oxide, Titanium Oxide, and Alumina) added in diesel/biodiesel blended have been investigated, in which zinc oxide nanoparticles was green synthesized from ldenlandia leaf. The synthesized Zno Nps was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X Ray Diffraction and FT-IR study. Each nanoparticles has own weightage of 50 ppm in 30% blend of lemongrass biodiesel/diesel. The performance, exhaust emission and combustion characteristics were performed for each lemongrass biodiesel nanoparticles blend using diesel engine and validation was carried out between each lemongrass biodiesel blends with diesel and ANOVA analysis was done to found out the dependency of parameters. It was concluded that characterization of ZnO, TiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles such as XRD, SEM and FT-IR was conformed their behavior in anatase phase along with lemongrass oil also characterized by FT-IR. From ANOVA table, B3050ZnO has major significant dependence for brake thermal efficiency over 3%. It was concluded that lemongrass biodiesel with green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles has better performance, emission and combustion characteristics over 5% among other two nano-additives.

The Present scenario in industries has huge demand in high strength and lightweight materials of aluminum alloy and its composites. In this paper an attempt is made to study the influence of copper chills in Aluminum alloy metal matrix composites. A356-Hematite particulate composites were fabricated through stir casting technique followed by sand moulds with and without copper chills, by varying weight percentage of Hematite particulates from 0 wt%, to 12 wt% in steps of 3 wt%. The test samples were prepared according to ASTM standards. The prepared samples have undergone microstructure, hardness, tensile and compression tests. The microstructure revealed that uniform distribution of Hematite particulates in the A356 matrix alloy and the rapid cooling rate helped to get fine grained structure. The use of copper chill in turn improved the hardness, tensile strength, and compressive strength of the chilled composite specimen as compared to as-cast specimen.

Field trials were conducted for three years during kharif season of 2014, 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the integrated pest management (IPM) module against pinworm (Tuta Absoluta) in tomato in comparison with farmer’s practice. Seasonal incidence studies revealed that population increased gradually from September and touched its peak during December (28.00 adults/trap). The insect was found to be higher at the fruit maturity stage and infestation found decreased with increase in temperature. IPM module reduced the cost of cultivation by Rs. 9615.66 ha-1 and the net returns were increased by Rs. 53282.00 per hectare. The average benefit cost ratio was improved with 2.39 in treatment compared to farmers practice 1.92. The results based on pooled data showed that reduction in the fruit damage by Tuta absoluta and good yields is due to the integrated management strategy taken up by installing pheromone traps 2 weeks after transplanting by which awareness on timely spraying of Azadirachtin 1500ppm @ 5ml/lt or combination of Azadirachtin with Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 0.3 ml or Flubendiamide 480 SC @0.3ml or Indoxacarb 14.5% SC @ 1.75ml carried in practicing farmers field based on ETL level of adult catches and burning of infested plants and remnants of the crop immediately after the fruits have been harvested also found effective in managing the pest.

Usage of electric energy keep on increasing due to social and industrial advancement. Various types of sources are used to fulfill the energy needs. Wind energy is also a source which fulfills a part of electric energy needs with the help of wind turbine. In this study, darrieus type vertical axis wind turbine is used for its great potential in application to its structural advantage and omni-directionality. Tip Speed ratio (TSR) is one of the major parameter which effects the performance of darrieus wind turbine. Analysis of darrieus wind turbine is evaluated by varying Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) from 0 to 3 m/sec due to regional wind speed with a duration of 0.2 m/sec along with the validation of mesh independency and time independency. From the numerical analysis, Tip Speed ratio (TSR) of 1.8 shows the better performance with minor domain losses for low wind regional wind speed.

This study examine the prospect of utilizing biodiesel from lemongrass. The prepared biodiesel was replaced diesel fuel in research variable compression ratio diesel engine. Antioxidant namely curcumin nanoparticles are partially blended to enhance the combustion behaviour of diesel/ biodiesel blend. 30% volume of lemongrass oil (LGO) is blended with 70% volume of diesel as identified as base fuel. 5% volume of curcumin nanoparticle is equally blended in base fuel to enhance physic-chemical properties in which phase change was not observed upon adding of anti-oxidant nanoparticle. Performance results found that LGBD and LGBD + C has improved physic-chemical properties of diesel/biodiesel and produces an increased result of brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption than diesel at rate of 4.58%, 10.6% and 6.625%, 19.9% respectively. Exhaust emission such as CO, HC and NOx are reduced at 29.88%, 13.25% and 23.112% for LGBD and 39.92%, 26.87% and 34% for LGBD + C. It was concluded that LGBD + C has better performance, combustion and emission characteristics over diesel.