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1. X-ray qualification of hydrogenated amorphous silicon sensors on flexible substrate.

Author: Mauro Menichelli, Luca Antognini, Aishah Bashiri, Marco Bizzarri, Lucio Calcagnile, M. Caprai, Anna Paola Caricato, Roberto Catalano, Giuseppe Antonio Pablo Cirrone, Tommaso Croci, Giacomo Cuttone, Sylvain Dunand, Michele Fabi, Luca Frontini, Catia Grimani, Maria Ionica, Keida Kanxheri, Matthew Large, Valentino Liberali, Maurizio Martino, Giuseppe Maruccio, Giovanni Mazza, A. G. Monteduro, Arianna Morozzi, Francesco Moscatelli, Stefania Pallotta, A. Papi, Daniele Passeri, Maddalena Pedio, Marco Petasecca, Giada Petringa, Francesca Peverini, Lorenzo Piccolo, Pisana Placidi, Gianluca Quarta, Silvia Rizzato, G. Rossi, Federico Sabbatini, Alberto Stabile, Leonello Servoli, Cinzia Talamonti, Luca Tosti, Mattia Villani, Richard James Wheadon, Nicolas Wyrsch, and N. Zema
Published: 2023
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2. Characterization and development of NUV SiPMs for INFN optical modules for the SCT Medium Size Telescope proposed for the CTA Observatory.

Author: Giovanni Ambrosi, M. Ambrosio, Carla Aramo, B. Bertucci, Elisabetta Bissaldi, M. Bitossri, A. Boiano, Carmela Bonavolontà, M. Caprai, Leonardo Di Venere, E. Fiandrini, N. Giglietto, Francesco Giordano, Maria Ionica, Francesco Licciulli, Serena Loporchio, V. Masone, M. Mongelli, Francesca R. Pantaleo, R. Paoletti, A. Rugliancich, L. Stiaccini, L. Tosti, Valerio Vagelli, and M. Valentino
Published: 2019
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3. Neutron irradiation of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon p-i-n diodes and charge selective contacts detectors

Author: M. Menichelli, M. Bizzarri, M. Boscardin, L. Calcagnile, M. Caprai, A.P. Caricato, G.A.P. Cirrone, M. Crivellari, I. Cupparo, G. Cuttone, S. Dunand, L. Fanò, B. Gianfelici, O. Hammad, M. Ionica, K. Kanxheri, M. Large, G. Maruccio, A.G. Monteduro, F. Moscatelli, A. Morozzi, A. Papi, D. Passeri, M. Pedio, M. Petasecca, G. Petringa, F. Peverini, G. Quarta, S. Rizzato, A. Rossi, G. Rossi, A. Scorzoni, L. Servoli, C. Talamonti, G. Verzellesi, and N. Wyrsch
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Instrumentation
Published: 2023

4. Testing of planar hydrogenated amorphous silicon sensors with charge selective contacts for the construction of 3D-detectors

Author: M. Menichelli, M. Bizzarri, M. Boscardin, M. Caprai, A.P. Caricato, G.A.P. Cirrone, M. Crivellari, I. Cupparo, G. Cuttone, S. Dunand, L. Fanò, O. Hammad, M. Ionica, K. Kanxheri, M. Large, G. Maruccio, A.G. Monteduro, A. Morozzi, F. Moscatelli, A. Papi, D. Passeri, M. Petasecca, G. Petringa, G. Quarta, S. Rizzato, A. Rossi, G. Rossi, A. Scorzoni, L. Servoli, C. Talamonti, G. Verzellesi, N. Wyrsch, Menichelli, M., Bizzarri, M., Boscardin, M., Caprai, M., Caricato, A. P., Cirrone, G. A. P., Crivellari, M., Cupparo, I., Cuttone, G., Dunand, S., Fan??, L., Hammad, O., Ionica, M., Kanxheri, K., Large, M., Maruccio, G., Monteduro, A. G., Morozzi, A., Moscatelli, F., Papi, A., Passeri, D., Petasecca, M., Petringa, G., Quarta, G., Rizzato, S., Rossi, A., Rossi, G., Scorzoni, A., Servoli, L., Talamonti, C., Verzellesi, G., and Wyrsch, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Radiation-hard detectors, Solid state detectors, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Solid state detectors, Instrumentation, Radiation-hard detectors, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon (a-Si:H) is a material well known for its intrinsic radiation hardness and is primarily utilized in solar cells as well as for particle detection and dosimetry. Planar p-i-n diode detectors are fabricated entirely by means of intrinsic and doped PECVD of a mixture of Silane (SiH4) and molecular Hydrogen. In order to develop 3D detector geometries using a-Si:H, two options for the junction fabrication have been considered: ion implantation and charge selective contacts through atomic layer deposition. In order to test the functionality of the charge selective contact electrodes, planar detectors have been fabricated utilizing this technique. In this paper, we provide a general overview of the 3D fabrication project followed by the results of leakage current measurements and x-ray dosimetric tests performed on planar diodes containing charge selective contacts to investigate the feasibility of the charge selective contact methodology for integration with the proposed 3D detector architectures., Submitted to JINST
Published: 2022
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5. The Microstrip Silicon Detector (MSD) data acquisition system architecture for the FOOT experiment

Author: K. Kanxheri, M. Barbanera, G. Ambrosi, G. Silvestre, S. Biondi, R. Ridolfi, M. Villa, D. Aisa, M. Caprai, M. Ionica, P. Placidi, L. Servoli, Kanxheri, K., Barbanera, M., Ambrosi, G., Silvestre, G., Biondi, S., Ridolfi, R., Villa, M., Aisa, D., Caprai, M., Ionica, M., Placidi, P., and Servoli, L.
Subjects: Data acquisition circuit, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Front-end electronics for detector readout, Particle tracking detectors, Data acquisition circuits, Si microstrip and pad detectors, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Si microstrip and pad detector
Abstract: The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) multi-detector experiment aims at improving the accuracy of oncological hadrontherapy for tumor treatment. It studies the nuclear fragmentation due to the interactions of charged particle beams with patient tissues employing the inverse kinematic approach to boost the fragments in the laboratory reference system. Hence it is necessary a tracking system in a magnetic field to measure the momentum of the charged fragments. The Microstrip Silicon Detector (MSD) is part of the charged-ions-tracking magnetic spectrometer for the evaluation of the Linear Energy Transfer LET (dE/dx) and the nuclear fragments momentum. Here we describe the MSD architecture and its data acquisition system whose task is to collect and digitize the detectors output, generating a data packet to be sent to the experiment’s central acquisition. This data acquisition system is designed and tested to withstand the trigger rate and detector’s throughput; it has a small size and is easily portable, a necessary feature for an experiment that will move among the available ion beam accelerators and proton therapy treatment rooms.
Published: 2022

6. Fabrication of a Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Detector in 3-D Geometry and Preliminary Test on Planar Prototypes

Author: Livio Fanò, Arianna Morozzi, Anna Grazia Monteduro, Cinzia Talamonti, Giovanni Verzellesi, Andrea Scorzoni, Maria Ionica, Giuseppe Maruccio, Matthew Large, Ilaria Cupparo, Leonello Servoli, Marco Petasecca, M. Menichelli, M. Bizzarri, Omar Ali Hammad, Nicolas Wyrsch, Michele Crivellari, P. Cirrone, Anna Paola Caricato, Daniele Passeri, Maurizio Boscardin, A. Rossi, S Dunand, Giacomo Cuttone, Silvia Rizzato, M. Caprai, A. Papi, Keida Kanxheri, Francesco Moscatelli, Menichelli, M., Bizzarri, M., Boscardin, M., Caprai, M., Caricato, A. P., Cirrone, G. A. P., Crivellari, M., Cupparo, I., Cuttone, G., Dunand, S., Fano, L., Ali, O. H., Ionica, M., Kanxheri, K., Large, M., Maruccio, G., Monteduro, A. G., Moscatelli, F., Morozzi, A., Papi, A., Passeri, D., Petasecca, M., Rizzato, S., Rossi, A., Scorzoni, A., Servoli, L., Talamonti, C., Verzellesi, G., and Wyrsch, N.
Subjects: Amorphous silicon, Materials science, Fabrication, Position detectors, QC1-999, hydrogenated amorphous silicon, Chemical vapor deposition, QC770-798, chemistry.chemical_compound, solid-state detectors, Planar, Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Solid-state detectors, acoustics, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening, Position detector, Diode, business.industry, Physics, Detector, position detectors, 3D detector, Hydrogenated amorphous silicon, Radiation hard detector, radiation hard detector, Ion implantation, chemistry, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract: Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) can be produced by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of SiH4 (silane) mixed with hydrogen. The resulting material shows outstanding radiation hardness properties and can be deposited on a wide variety of substrates. Devices employing a-Si:H technologies have been used to detect many different kinds of radiation, namely, minimum ionizing particles (MIPs), X-rays, neutrons, and ions, as well as low-energy protons and alphas. However, the detection of MIPs using planar a-Si:H diodes has proven difficult due to their unsatisfactory S/N ratio arising from a combination of high leakage current, high capacitance, and limited charge collection efficiency (50% at best for a 30 µm planar diode). To overcome these limitations, the 3D-SiAm collaboration proposes employing a 3D detector geometry. The use of vertical electrodes allows for a small collection distance to be maintained while preserving a large detector thickness for charge generation. The depletion voltage in this configuration can be kept below 400 V with a consequent reduction in the leakage current. In this paper, following a detailed description of the fabrication process, the results of the tests performed on the planar p-i-n structures made with ion implantation of the dopants and with carrier selective contacts are illustrated.
Published: 2021
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7. Detection of the Crab Nebula by the prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope

Author: G. Pareschi, Manel Errando, Corbin Covault, F. Di Pierro, S. I. Mognet, V. Masone, N. Giglietto, D. B. Kieda, L. Di Venere, E. Roache, M. Ambrosio, Julien Rousselle, Justin Vandenbroucke, D. Ribeiro, N. Otte, Maria Ionica, Alasdair E. Gent, F. R. Pantaleo, Enrico Giro, A. Boiano, K. Meagher, Serena Loporchio, E. Fiandrini, H. Tajima, Valerio Vagelli, Atsushi Okumura, Marcos Santander, B. A. W. Mode, Luca Tosti, S. Incardona, L. P. Taylor, E. Pueschel, G. Ambrosi, David A. Williams, M. Capasso, V. V. Vassiliev, M. Bitossi, P. I. Batista, Bruna Bertucci, J. H. Buckley, A. Brill, A. M. Brown, G. Tripodo, W. Jin, G. Marsella, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, S. J. Fegan, Richard Bose, R. Shang, D. Depaoli, R. Paoletti, Jamie Holder, Rodolfo Canestrari, F. Licciulli, Andrea Rugliancich, Thomas Meures, M. Valentino, Amy Furniss, Olivier Hervet, C. B. Adams, Carla Aramo, R. A. Cameron, Q. Feng, T. B. Humensky, Elisabetta Bissaldi, L. Stiaccini, A. Zink, Reshmi Mukherjee, G. H. Tovmassian, L. Riitano, Ferdinando Giordano, R. Halliday, and M. Caprai
Subjects: astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Pixel, business.industry, Computer science, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, Cherenkov Telescope Array, law.invention, Telescope, Crab Nebula, Silicon photomultiplier, Optics, law, Observatory, Angular resolution, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, astro-ph.IM, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: The Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (SCT) is a medium-sized telescope technology proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array. It uses a novel dual-mirror optical design that removes comatic aberrations across its entire field of view. The SCT camera employs high-resolution silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) sensors with a pixel size of 4 arcminutes. A prototype SCT (pSCT) has been constructed at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory in Arizona, USA. An observing campaign in 2020, with a partial camera of 1600 pixels (2.7 degrees by 2.7 degrees field of view) resulted in detection of the Crab Nebula at 8.6 sigma statistical significance. Work on the pSCT camera and optical system is ongoing to improve performance and prepare for an upcoming camera upgrade. The pSCT camera upgrade will replace the current camera modules with improved SiPMs and readout electronics and will expand the camera to its full design field of view of 8 degrees in diameter (11,328 pixels). The fully upgraded pSCT will enable next-generation very-high-energy gamma-ray astrophysics through excellent background rejection and angular resolution. In this presentation we describe first results from the successful operation of the pSCT and future plans., 9 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, contribution to ICRC 2021, similar to 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2021.102562 (arXiv:2012.08448)
Published: 2021

8. Detection of the Crab Nebula with the 9.7 m prototype Schwarzschild-Couder telescope

Author: Gagik Tovmassian, F. Di Pierro, V. Masone, M. Ambrosio, C. B. Adams, N. La Palombara, A. Brill, Amy Furniss, K. Meagher, Marcos Santander, Nicola Giglietto, Olivier Hervet, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, S. I. Mognet, Maria Ionica, A. Bouvier, S. P. Wakely, Vladimir Vassiliev, F. R. Pantaleo, Fernando Garfias, Alasdair E. Gent, Akira Okumura, S. Loporchio, A. Kuznetsov, J. Thornhill, J. H. Buckley, R. A. Cameron, L. Stiaccini, E. Fiandrini, E. Pueschel, S. Schlenstedt, R. J. White, L. Di Venere, Thomas Meures, G. Ambrosi, Arturo Iriarte, Daniel Nieto, M. Valentino, Riccardo Paoletti, Q. Feng, S. J. Fegan, A. Boiano, V. J. Guarino, David Kieda, G. Hughes, Julien Rousselle, G. Sironi, Justin Vandenbroucke, V. Vagelli, R. Shang, Enrico Giro, B. A. W. Mode, T. B. Humensky, A. Petrashyk, W. Jin, Maria Magdalena González, N. Otte, M. Caprai, Stefan Funk, M. Bitossi, D. Ribeiro, Karen Byrum, B. Bertucci, G. Pareschi, Andrea Rugliancich, Manel Errando, D. Depaoli, E. Roache, J. Ruíz-Díaz-Soto, T. C. Arlen, Michael Schneider, Jason John Watson, T. Nguyen, B. Stevenson, Jonathan Biteau, L. Tosti, Reshmi Mukherjee, David A. Williams, Jonathan S. Lapington, P. Kaaret, C. A. Johnson, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Gordon T. Richards, P. Fortin, Carla Aramo, Francesco Giordano, Salvo Scuderi, G. M. Foote, Hiroyasu Tajima, Richard Bose, Jamie Holder, R. Halliday, P. Yu, Rodolfo Canestrari, Ruben Alfaro, D. Ross, A. Zink, P. Wilcox, P. I. Batista, Matthew Wood, P. T. Reynolds, B. Kim, F. Licciulli, L. P. Taylor, A. M. Brown, M. Capasso, Corbin Covault, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
Subjects: Cherenkov Telescope Array, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Field of view, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Primary mirror, law, Observatory, pixel, 0103 physical sciences, optical, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, photomultiplier: silicon, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], mirror, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, resolution, Astronomy and Astrophysics, radiation: Cherenkov, aberration, cascade, observatory, Crab Nebula, gamma ray: emission, cosmic radiation, atmosphere, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], statistical
Abstract: The Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (SCT) is a telescope concept proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array. It employs a dual-mirror optical design to remove comatic aberrations over an $8^{\circ}$ field of view, and a high-density silicon photomultiplier camera (with a pixel resolution of 4 arcmin) to record Cherenkov emission from cosmic ray and gamma-ray initiated particle cascades in the atmosphere. The prototype SCT (pSCT), comprising a 9.7 m diameter primary mirror and a partially instrumented camera with 1536 pixels, has been constructed at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory. The telescope was inaugurated in January 2019, with commissioning continuing throughout 2019. We describe the first campaign of observations with the pSCT, conducted in January and February of 2020, and demonstrate the detection of gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula with a statistical significance of $8.6\sigma$., Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2021
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9. Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array for probing cosmology and fundamental physics with gamma-ray propagation

Author: J.-P. Lenain, A. Domínguez, Jonathan Ivor Davies, T. Armstrong, A. A. Zdziarski, F. Gianotti, M. Balbo, E. O. Angüner, M. Marculewicz, Alasdair E. Gent, Alice Donini, Olivier Hervet, Henry Przybilski, Giacomo Principe, G. Leto, M. Peresano, Stefano Covino, P. A. Caraveo, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, D. de Martino, V. V. Vassiliev, D. Cauz, F. R. Pantaleo, U. Barres de Almeida, Pietro Bruno, E. Lindfors, M. Zavrtanik, G. Hughes, Miriam Lucio Martinez, P. Bordas, Y. Suda, G. S. Varner, R. Rando, K. Cerny, S. Pita, Csaba Balázs, E. Fiandrini, Michael Backes, Tomohiko Oka, Massimo Persic, Andrea Chiavassa, Johannes Veh, A. Stamerra, Fabrizio Tavecchio, B. Biasuzzi, Michael Punch, Soebur Razzaque, F. D'Ammando, P. I. Batista, Bruna Bertucci, F. Longo, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Michael G. Burton, Bohdan Hnatyk, P. Sangiorgi, E. M. Santos, D. Nosek, Gagik Tovmassian, J. L. Dournaux, Pedro L. Luque-Escamilla, A. Aguirre-Santaella, M. Orienti, Lluis Font, Andreas Quirrenbach, Philippe Laporte, Ralf Kissmann, Francesco Lucarelli, K. Noda, I. Jiménez Martínez, G. Romeo, Wystan Benbow, P. Romano, B. Bi, J. Grube, H.-S. Zechlin, Giacomo Bonnoli, Martin White, J. P. Osborne, Enrico Cascone, Marek Jamrozy, C. Alispach, Miroslav Pech, O. Cuevas, Petr Schovanek, K. Hayashi, V. I. Zhdanov, Javier Coronado-Blázquez, D. Medina Miranda, Barbara Balmaverde, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, Frank M. Rieger, A. Shalchi, J. M. Paredes, Ruben Alfaro, N. Giglietto, Diego Falceta-Gonçalves, Helene Sol, Rodolfo Carosi, Ayan Acharyya, Dominik Elsässer, S. Vercellone, D. Pimentel, T. Mizuno, Alessandro Bruno, Juan Abel Barrio, K. Kosack, Mauro Orlandini, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, P. Marquez, Adrian Biland, Y. Kobayashi, Nicholas F. H Tothill, M. de Naurois, Daniele Spiga, Lili Yang, L. Tibaldo, Pavel Horvath, M. Lopez, I. Sadeh, Marek Nikolajuk, F. Schüssler, Reshmi Mukherjee, Gianpaolo Vettolani, Jürgen Knödlseder, Daniel Nieto, R. Hnatyk, German Martinez, Diego F. Torres, Farinaldo S. Queiroz, N. Parmiggiani, G. Lamanna, Marcos Santander, S. Fegan, I. Vovk, M. Sánchez-Conde, Wiphu Rujopakarn, Norita Kawanaka, R. C. Shellard, Michael C. B. Ashley, J. Jurysek, Francisco J. Franco, Samuel Timothy Spencer, E. Rebert, J. Morales Merino, M. Pecimotika, Marco Berton, Regis Terrier, G. A. Beck, Carlos Díaz, J. L. Contreras, G. Zaharijas, R. Moderski, José-María Martí, A. Insolia, D. Zavrtanik, K. Kohri, Ladislav Chytka, T. Grabarczyk, A. Zech, M. Garczarczyk, Anastasia Sokolenko, J. Lefaucheur, R. A. Cameron, Moritz Hütten, S. Karkar, K. Pfrang, V. Poireau, Asaf Pe'er, A. Reimer, Fabio Acero, L. Freixas Coromina, David Sánchez, Jonathan S. Lapington, Konstantinos N. Gourgouliatos, J.R. Hörandel, Mario Buscemi, Francesco Dazzi, Abelardo Moralejo, J. Bolmont, R. White, A. Rosales de Leon, J. Prast, Sabrina Einecke, Roberto Aloisio, Yvonne Becherini, Andreas Specovius, Shohei Yanagita, Juan Cortina, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Petr Janecek, D. Depaoli, Lucas Taylor, U. Schwanke, H. Abdalla, S. Recchia, Manuela Mallamaci, M. K. Daniel, Q. Feng, L. Baroncelli, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Susumu Inoue, U. Straumann, Masatoshi Ohishi, Roberto Capuzzo-Dolcetta, Nu. Komin, Federico Russo, R. de Cássia dos Anjos, Y. Ohira, Ferdinando Giordano, Nagisa Hiroshima, E. Garcia, Gavin Rowell, V. Bozhilov, Maxim V. Barkov, Dario Hrupec, I. Oya, F. Salesa Greus, Anna Wolter, M. Živec, R. Belmont, R. Adam, T. Reposeur, J. Rico, A. W. Chen, G. Pühlhofer, H. Prokoph, Stefan Wagner, F. Di Pierro, Fabrizio Bocchino, M. de Bony de Lavergne, A. Kong, Masha Chernyakova, M. Pohl, M. Vazquez Acosta, A. Nagai, A. Brill, Dusan Mandat, Jonathan Biteau, Martin Makariev, Catherine Boisson, E. Lyard, Gilles Maurin, H. Martínez-Huerta, Oscar Blanch, Bernd Schleicher, M. Minev, A. Berti, James E. M. Watson, Talvikki Hovatta, M. Valentino, Luis Ángel Tejedor, Elena Amato, M. V. Fonseca, Anderson Caproni, L. Mohrmann, P. Reichherzer, R. L. C. Starling, M. Seglar Arroyo, E. Orlando, B. Rudak, G. Emery, J. A. Green, Salvo Scuderi, M. Prouza, Tom Richtler, Bartłomiej Pilszyk, A. Carosi, Jacek Niemiec, Wolfgang Rhode, G. Ambrosi, D. Ribeiro, A. Wierzcholska, A. Ghalumyan, Eugenio Bottacini, Sylvain Chaty, A. Baquero Larriva, Olaf Reimer, D. Horan, Fabian Leuschner, T. Di Girolamo, Alessandro Caccianiga, Martin Will, Saverio Lombardi, A. Fiasson, Mitsunari Takahashi, J. J. Rodríguez Vázquez, B. De Lotto, V. De Caprio, Stefano Truzzi, Dirk L. Hoffmann, M. Vecchi, Antonio Pagliaro, Jose J. Gonzalez, Wenwu Tian, R. Della Ceca, J. Becerra González, S. Nozaki, T. Vuillaume, S. L. Lloyd, Maria Ionica, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Petr Travnicek, Y. Ascasibar, Carlo Vigorito, F. Tuossenel, Malcolm Fairbairn, O. Martinez, Marco Iarlori, Serena Loporchio, Alessandro Costa, R. Pillera, A. Morselli, M. Heller, Jaime Rosado, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, V. Vitale, A. M. Brown, E. Molina, Takashi Saito, A. De Angelis, Thomas Murach, R. A. Ong, J. Bregeon, P. T. O'Brien, Mikael Jacquemont, P. Cristofari, Francesco Conte, Lab Saha, R. Walter, Vitalii Sliusar, W. Jin, Vito Conforti, N. Produit, H. Siejkowski, Lovro Pavletić, Carole Mundell, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J. F. Glicenstein, Paresh Sharma, C. Delgado, Vladimír Karas, Luca Foffano, J. Granot, Manuel Meyer, Reiko Orito, G. Umana, G. Chiaro, D. Tonev, R. Wiemann, G. Manicò, J.C. Rodriguez Ramirez, Luca Tosti, Markus Böttcher, Andrea Bulgarelli, C. Díaz-Bahamondes, I. Jung-Richardt, Karol Seweryn, P. Piatteli, Agnieszka Slowikowska, Jan Ebr, M. Ostrowski, J. L. Rodriguez, D. della Volpe, Ermanno Pietropaolo, M. Caprai, T. Montaruli, A. Lopez, Rodrigo Nemmen, R. R. Prado, L. Arrabito, Atreyee Sinha, C. van Eldik, Serguei Vorobiov, Hidetoshi Sano, J. Alfaro, Sabrina Casanova, G. Maneva, B. Vallage, Valentina Fioretti, Carmelo Evoli, P. Kaaret, B. A. W. Mode, Agnieszka Majczyna, Sebastian Diebold, A. Scherer, F. de Palma, S. Hernández Cadena, V. Beshley, T.R.N. Ekoume, David A. Williams, M. Capasso, A. Halim, Alison Mitchell, Tomislav Terzić, Paola Grandi, Lorenzo Amati, Christopher Eckner, David Gascon, K. Nishijima, J. Becker Tjus, B. Khélifi, G. Galanti, Jamie Holder, Vincenzo Rizi, Orel Gueta, Daniele Gaggero, F. Pintore, Utane Sawangwit, Vassil Verguilov, Heide Costantini, F. Arqueros, Daniel Kerszberg, P. M. Chadwick, D. Zarić, Marc Ribó, Olga Sergijenko, Dario Grasso, Hidetoshi Kubo, Daniela Dorner, T. Stolarczyk, M. Gaug, R. Alves Batista, Elisa Bernardini, Vikram V. Dwarkadas, Jim Hinton, Jelena Strišković, Andreu Sanuy, M. Servillat, V. Barbosa Martins, Giovanni Bonanno, S. Gunji, R. Wischnewski, S. Sarkar, Gianluca Giavitto, Takeshi Nakamori, M. Palatka, Maria Letizia Pumo, Camilla Maggio, M. Zacharias, Katsuaki Asano, Valerio Vagelli, Anton Dmytriiev, Ryo Yamazaki, M. Vacula, P. Goldoni, Gilles Fontaine, Hiroshi Muraishi, D. Mazin, Samo Stanič, G. Ghirlanda, M. Polo, M. Nievas, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Oleh Petruk, Jose Miguel Miranda, M. Iori, A. Marcowith, Y. Renier, Satoshi Fukami, M. Roncadelli, F. Leone, Takanori Yoshikoshi, Ana Luiza d'Ávila Viana, Y. Fukui, Max Harvey, Sera Markoff, I. Agudo, P. Temnikov, Vincenzo Testa, R. López-Coto, J.D. Mbarubucyeye, Tjark Miener, David Paneque, V. Gammaldi, T. Hassan Collado, H. Abe, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, S. D. Vergani, Sasa Micanovic, P. Vallania, Marina Manganaro, Elena Torresi, M. Giarrusso, G. Ferrand, Paweł Świerk, B. Patricelli, Matteo Cerruti, N. La Palombara, D. Morcuende-Parrilla, V. de Souza, Toshiaki Inada, Yasushi Fukazawa, Werner Hofmann, Michele Doro, E. Pueschel, A. Araudo, E. Sciacca, Thomas Lohse, A. Djannati-Ataï, Abdalla, H., Abe, H., Acero, F., Acharyya, A., Adam, R., Agudo, I., Aguirre-Santaella, A., Alfaro, R., Alfaro, J., Alispach, C., Aloisio, R., Alves Batista, R., Amati, L., Amato, E., Ambrosi, G., Ang??ner, E. O., Araudo, A., Armstrong, T., Arqueros, F., Arrabito, L., Asano, K., Ascas??bar, Y., Ashley, M., Backes, M., Balazs, C., Balbo, M., Balmaverde, B., Baquero Larriva, A., Barbosa Martins, V., Barkov, M., Baroncelli, L., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Batista, P. -I., Becerra Gonz??lez, J., Becherini, Y., Beck, G., Becker Tjus, J., Belmont, R., Benbow, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Berton, M., Bertucci, B., Beshley, V., Bi, B., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Bissaldi, E., Biteau, J., Blanch, O., Bocchino, F., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Bonanno, G., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Bottacini, E., B??ttcher, M., Bozhilov, V., Bregeon, J., Brill, A., Brown, A. M., Bruno, P., Bruno, A., Bulgarelli, A., Burton, M., Buscemi, M., Caccianiga, A., Cameron, R., Capasso, M., Caprai, M., Caproni, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Caraveo, P., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Cascone, E., Cauz, D., Cerny, K., Cerruti, M., Chadwick, P., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chernyakova, M., Chiaro, G., Chiavassa, A., Chytka, L., Conforti, V., Conte, F., Contreras, J. L., Coronado-Blazquez, J., Cortina, J., Costa, A., Costantini, H., Covino, S., Cristofari, P., Cuevas, O., D'Ammando, F., Daniel, M. K., Davies, J., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., de Bony de Lavergne, M., De Caprio, V., de C??ssia dos Anjos, R., de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., De Lotto, B., De Martino, D., de Naurois, M., de O??a Wilhelmi, E., De Palma, F., de Souza, V., Delgado, C., Della Ceca, R., della Volpe, D., Depaoli, D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Pierro, F., D??az, C., D??az-Bahamondes, C., Diebold, S., Djannati-Ata??, A., Dmytriiev, A., Dom??nguez, A., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Dournaux, J., Dwarkadas, V. V., Ebr, J., Eckner, C., Einecke, S., Ekoume, T. R. N., Els??sser, D., Emery, G., Evoli, C., Fairbairn, M., Falceta-Goncalves, D., Fegan, S., Feng, Q., Ferrand, G., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Fioretti, V., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fontaine, G., Franco, F. J., Freixas Coromina, L., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Gaggero, D., Galanti, G., Gammaldi, V., Garcia, E., Garczarczyk, M., Gascon, D., Gaug, M., Gent, A., Ghalumyan, A., Ghirlanda, G., Gianotti, F., Giarrusso, M., Giavitto, G., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glicenstein, J., Goldoni, P., Gonz??lez, J. M., Gourgouliatos, K., Grabarczyk, T., Grandi, P., Granot, J., Grasso, D., Green, J., Grube, J., Gueta, O., Gunji, S., Halim, A., Harvey, M., Hassan Collado, T., Hayashi, K., Heller, M., Hern??ndez Cadena, S., Hervet, O., Hinton, J., Hiroshima, N., Hnatyk, B., Hnatyk, R., Hoffmann, D., Hofmann, W., Holder, J., Horan, D., H??randel, J., Horvath, P., Hovatta, T., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., H??tten, M., Iarlori, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Insolia, A., Ionica, M., Iori, M., Jacquemont, M., Jamrozy, M., Janecek, P., Jim??nez Mart??nez, I., Jin, W., Jung-Richardt, I., Jurysek, J., Kaaret, P., Karas, V., Karkar, S., Kawanaka, N., Kerszberg, D., Kh??lifi, B., Kissmann, R., Kn??dlseder, J., Kobayashi, Y., Kohri, K., Komin, N., Kong, A., Kosack, K., Kubo, H., La Palombara, N., Lamanna, G., Lang, R. G., Lapington, J., Laporte, P., Lefaucheur, J., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J., Leone, F., Leto, G., Leuschner, F., Lindfors, E., Lloyd, S., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, A., L??pez, M., L??pez-Coto, R., Loporchio, S., Lucarelli, F., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Lyard, E., Maggio, C., Majczyna, A., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Manic??, G., Marcowith, A., Marculewicz, M., Markoff, S., Marquez, P., Mart??, J., Martinez, O., Mart??nez, M., Mart??nez, G., Mart??nez-Huerta, H., Maurin, G., Mazin, D., Mbarubucyeye, J. D., Medina Miranda, D., Meyer, M., Micanovic, S., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mitchell, A., Mizuno, T., Mode, B., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Molina, E., Montaruli, T., Moralejo, A., Morales Merino, J., Morcuende-Parrilla, D., Morselli, A., Mukherjee, R., Mundell, C., Murach, T., Muraishi, H., Nagai, A., Nakamori, T., Nemmen, R., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Nievas, M., Nikolajuk, M., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nosek, D., Nozaki, S., O'Brien, P., Ohira, Y., Ohishi, M., Oka, T., Ong, R. A., Orienti, M., Orito, R., Orlandini, M., Orlando, E., Osborne, J. P., Ostrowski, M., Oya, I., Pagliaro, A., Palatka, M., Paneque, D., Pantaleo, F. R., Paredes, J. M., Parmiggiani, N., Patricelli, B., Pavleti??, L., Pe'Er, A., Pech, M., Pecimotika, M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Petruk, O., Pfrang, K., Piatteli, P., Pietropaolo, E., Pillera, R., Pilszyk, B., Pimentel, D., Pintore, F., Pita, S., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Polo, M., Prado, R. R., Prast, J., Principe, G., Produit, N., Prokoph, H., Prouza, M., Przybilski, H., Pueschel, E., P??hlhofer, G., Pumo, M. L., Punch, M., Queiroz, F., Quirrenbach, A., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Rebert, E., Recchia, S., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, O., Reimer, A., Renier, Y., Reposeur, T., Rhode, W., Ribeiro, D., Rib??, M., Richtler, T., Rico, J., Rieger, F., Rizi, V., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Ramirez, J. C., Rodr??guez V??zquez, J. J., Romano, P., Romeo, G., Roncadelli, M., Rosado, J., Rosales de Leon, A., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Rujopakarn, W., Russo, F., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Saito, T., Salesa Greus, F., Sanchez, D., S??nchez-Conde, M., Sangiorgi, P., Sano, H., Santander, M., Santos, E. M., Sanuy, A., Sarkar, S., Saturni, F. G., Sawangwit, U., Scherer, A., Schleicher, B., Schovanek, P., Schussler, F., Schwanke, U., Sciacca, E., Scuderi, S., Seglar Arroyo, M., Sergijenko, O., Servillat, M., Seweryn, K., Shalchi, A., Sharma, P., Shellard, R. C., Siejkowski, H., Sinha, A., Sliusar, V., Slowikowska, A., Sokolenko, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spiga, D., Stamerra, A., Stani??, S., Starling, R., Stolarczyk, T., Straumann, U., Stri??kovi??, J., Suda, Y., wierk, P., Tagliaferri, G., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Taylor, L., Tejedor, L. A., Temnikov, P., Terrier, R., Terzic, T., Testa, V., Tian, W., Tibaldo, L., Tonev, D., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Tosti, L., Tothill, N., Tovmassian, G., Travnicek, P., Truzzi, S., Tuossenel, F., Umana, G., Vacula, M., Vagelli, V., Valentino, M., Vallage, B., Vallania, P., van Eldik, C., Varner, G. S., Vassiliev, V., V??zquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Vercellone, S., Vergani, S., Verguilov, V., Vettolani, G. P., Viana, A., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vorobiov, S., Vovk, I., Vuillaume, T., Wagner, S. J., Walter, R., Watson, J., White, M., White, R., Wiemann, R., Wierzcholska, A., Will, M., Williams, D. A., Wischnewski, R., Wolter, A., Yamazaki, R., Yanagita, S., Yang, L., Yoshikoshi, T., Zacharias, M., Zaharijas, G., Zaric, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zechlin, H., Zhdanov, V. I., ivec, M., Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Academy of Finland, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, National Science Centre (Poland), Slovenian Research Agency, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CTA, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Batista, R. A., Anguner, E. O., Ascasibar, Y., Larriva, A. B., Martins, V. B., De Almeida, U. B., Gonzalez, J. B., Tjus, J. B., Arbeletche, L. B., Bottcher, M., Angelis, A. D., De Lavergne, M. D. B., Caprio, V. D., De Dos Anjos, R. C., De Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., Lotto, B. D., Martino, D. D., De Naurois, M., Wilhelmi, E. D. O., DE PALMA, F., De Souza, V., Ceca, R. D., Volpe, D. D., Girolamo, T. D., Pierro, F. D., Diaz, C., Diaz-Bahamondes, C., Djannati-Atai, A., Dominguez, A., Elsasser, D., Coromina, L. F., Gonzalez, J. M., Collado, T. H., Cadena, S. H., Horandel, J., Hutten, M., Martinez, I. J., Khelifi, B., Knodlseder, J., Palombara, N. L., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Manico, G., Marti, J., Martinez, M., Martinez, G., Martinez-Huerta, H., Miranda, D. M., Merino, J. M., Pavletic, L., Puhlhofer, G., Ribo, M., Fernandez, G. R., Ramirez, J. C. R., Vazquez, J. J. R., De Leon, A. R., Greus, F. S., Sanchez-Conde, M., Arroyo, M. S., Stanic, S., Striskovic, J., Swierk, P., Eldik, C. V., Acosta, M. V., Zivec, M., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abdalla H., Abe H., Acero F., Acharyya A., Adam R., Agudo I., Aguirre-Santaella A., Alfaro R., Alfaro J., Alispach C., Aloisio R., Batista R.A., Amati L., Amato E., Ambrosi G., Anguner E.O., Araudo A., Armstrong T., Arqueros F., Arrabito L., Asano K., Ascasibar Y., Ashley M., Backes M., Balazs C., Balbo M., Balmaverde B., Larriva A.B., Martins V.B., Barkov M., Baroncelli L., De Almeida U.B., Barrio J.A., Batista P.-I., Gonzalez J.B., Becherini Y., Beck G., Tjus J.B., Belmont R., Benbow W., Bernardini E., Berti A., Berton M., Bertucci B., Beshley V., Bi B., Biasuzzi B., Biland A., Bissaldi E., Biteau J., Blanch O., Bocchino F., Boisson C., Bolmont J., Bonanno G., Arbeletche L.B., Bonnoli G., Bordas P., Bottacini E., Bottcher M., Bozhilov V., Bregeon J., Brill A., Brown A.M., Bruno P., Bruno A., Bulgarelli A., Burton M., Buscemi M., Caccianiga A., Cameron R., Capasso M., Caprai M., Caproni A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta R., Caraveo P., Carosi R., Carosi A., Casanova S., Cascone E., Cauz D., Cerny K., Cerruti M., Chadwick P., Chaty S., Chen A., Chernyakova M., Chiaro G., Chiavassa A., Chytka L., Conforti V., Conte F., Contreras J.L., Coronado-Blazquez J., Cortina J., Costa A., Costantini H., Covino S., Cristofari P., Cuevas O., D'Ammando F., Daniel M.K., Davies J., Dazzi F., Angelis A.D., De Lavergne M.D.B., Caprio V.D., De Dos Anjos R.C., De Gouveia Dal Pino E.M., Lotto B.D., Martino D.D., De Naurois M., Wilhelmi E.D.O., Palma F.D., De Souza V., Delgado C., Ceca R.D., Volpe D.D., Depaoli D., Girolamo T.D., Pierro F.D., Diaz C., Diaz-Bahamondes C., Diebold S., Djannati-Atai A., Dmytriiev A., Dominguez A., Donini A., Dorner D., Doro M., Dournaux J., Dwarkadas V.V., Ebr J., Eckner C., Einecke S., Ekoume T.R.N., Elsasser D., Emery G., Evoli C., Fairbairn M., Falceta-Goncalves D., Fegan S., Feng Q., Ferrand G., Fiandrini E., Fiasson A., Fioretti V., Foffano L., Fonseca M.V., Font L., Fontaine G., Franco F.J., Coromina L.F., Fukami S., Fukazawa Y., Fukui Y., Gaggero D., Galanti G., Gammaldi V., Garcia E., Garczarczyk M., Gascon D., Gaug M., Gent A., Ghalumyan A., Ghirlanda G., Gianotti F., Giarrusso M., Giavitto G., Giglietto N., Giordano F., Glicenstein J., Goldoni P., Gonzalez J.M., Gourgouliatos K., Grabarczyk T., Grandi P., Granot J., Grasso D., Green J., Grube J., Gueta O., Gunji S., Halim A., Harvey M., Collado T.H., Hayashi K., Heller M., Cadena S.H., Hervet O., Hinton J., Hiroshima N., Hnatyk B., Hnatyk R., Hoffmann D., Hofmann W., Holder J., Horan D., Horandel J., Horvath P., Hovatta T., Hrabovsky M., Hrupec D., Hughes G., Hutten M., Iarlori M., Inada T., Inoue S., Insolia A., Ionica M., Iori M., Jacquemont M., Jamrozy M., Janecek P., Martinez I.J., Jin W., Jung-Richardt I., Jurysek J., Kaaret P., Karas V., Karkar S., Kawanaka N., Kerszberg D., Khelifi B., Kissmann R., Knodlseder J., Kobayashi Y., Kohri K., Komin N., Kong A., Kosack K., Kubo H., Palombara N.L., Lamanna G., Lang R.G., Lapington J., Laporte P., Lefaucheur J., Lemoine-Goumard M., Lenain J., Leone F., Leto G., Leuschner F., Lindfors E., Lloyd S., Lohse T., Lombardi S., Longo F., Lopez A., Lopez M., Lopez-Coto R., Loporchio S., Lucarelli F., Luque-Escamilla P.L., Lyard E., Maggio C., Majczyna A., Makariev M., Mallamaci M., Mandat D., Maneva G., Manganaro M., Manico G., Marcowith A., Marculewicz M., Markoff S., Marquez P., Marti J., Martinez O., Martinez M., Martinez G., Martinez-Huerta H., Maurin G., Mazin D., Mbarubucyeye J.D., Miranda D.M., Meyer M., Micanovic S., Miener T., Minev M., Miranda J.M., Mitchell A., Mizuno T., Mode B., Moderski R., Mohrmann L., Molina E., Montaruli T., Moralejo A., Merino J.M., Morcuende-Parrilla D., Morselli A., Mukherjee R., Mundell C., Murach T., Muraishi H., Nagai A., Nakamori T., Nemmen R., Niemiec J., Nieto D., Nievas M., Nikolajuk M., Nishijima K., Noda K., Nosek D., Nozaki S., O'Brien P., Ohira Y., Ohishi M., Oka T., Ong R.A., Orienti M., Orito R., Orlandini M., Orlando E., Osborne J.P., Ostrowski M., Oya I., Pagliaro A., Palatka M., Paneque D., Pantaleo F.R., Paredes J.M., Parmiggiani N., Patricelli B., Pavletic L., Pe'Er A., Pech M., Pecimotika M., Peresano M., Persic M., Petruk O., Pfrang K., Piatteli P., Pietropaolo E., Pillera R., Pilszyk B., Pimentel D., Pintore F., Pita S., Pohl M., Poireau V., Polo M., Prado R.R., Prast J., Principe G., Produit N., Prokoph H., Prouza M., Przybilski H., Pueschel E., Puhlhofer G., Pumo M.L., Punch M., Queiroz F., Quirrenbach A., Rando R., Razzaque S., Rebert E., Recchia S., Reichherzer P., Reimer O., Reimer A., Renier Y., Reposeur T., Rhode W., Ribeiro D., Ribo M., Richtler T., Rico J., Rieger F., Rizi V., Rodriguez J., Fernandez G.R., Ramirez J.C.R., Vazquez J.J.R., Romano P., Romeo G., Roncadelli M., Rosado J., De Leon A.R., Rowell G., Rudak B., Rujopakarn W., Russo F., Sadeh I., Saha L., Saito T., Greus F.S., Sanchez D., Sanchez-Conde M., Sangiorgi P., Sano H., Santander M., Santos E.M., Sanuy A., Sarkar S., Saturni F.G., Sawangwit U., Scherer A., Schleicher B., Schovanek P., Schussler F., Schwanke U., Sciacca E., Scuderi S., Arroyo M.S., Sergijenko O., Servillat M., Seweryn K., Shalchi A., Sharma P., Shellard R.C., Siejkowski H., Sinha A., Sliusar V., Slowikowska A., Sokolenko A., Sol H., Specovius A., Spencer S., Spiga D., Stamerra A., Stanic S., Starling R., Stolarczyk T., Straumann U., Striskovic J., Suda Y., Swierk P., Tagliaferri G., Takahashi H., Takahashi M., Tavecchio F., Taylor L., Tejedor L.A., Temnikov P., Terrier R., Terzic T., Testa V., Tian W., Tibaldo L., Tonev D., Torres D.F., Torresi E., Tosti L., Tothill N., Tovmassian G., Travnicek P., Truzzi S., Tuossenel F., Umana G., Vacula M., Vagelli V., Valentino M., Vallage B., Vallania P., Eldik C.V., Varner G.S., Vassiliev V., Acosta M.V., Vecchi M., Veh J., Vercellone S., Vergani S., Verguilov V., Vettolani G.P., Viana A., Vigorito C.F., Vitale V., Vorobiov S., Vovk I., Vuillaume T., Wagner S.J., Walter R., Watson J., White M., White R., Wiemann R., Wierzcholska A., Will M., Williams D.A., Wischnewski R., Wolter A., Yamazaki R., Yanagita S., Yang L., Yoshikoshi T., Zacharias M., Zaharijas G., Zaric D., Zavrtanik M., Zavrtanik D., Zdziarski A.A., Zech A., Zechlin H., Zhdanov V.I., Zivec M., ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, AUS, BRA, BGR, CHL, HRV, FIN, JPN, IRL, MEX, NAM, NLD, POL, CZE, SVN, SWE, CHE, UKR, Astronomy, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), and Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Gamma ray Astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, axions, MATÉRIA ESCURA, redshift: dependence, Astronomy, Gamma ray experiments, gamma ray experiments, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, Observatory, cosmological model: parameter space, gamma ray experiment, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, Physics, Cherenkov telescopes, IACT technique, Gamma rays, Cosmic rays, new physics, 4. Education, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, violation: Lorentz, 3. Good health, observatory, Extragalactic background light, astro-ph.CO, axion-like particles, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, gamma ray: propagation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Active galactic nucleus, Axions, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, invariance: Lorentz, jet: relativistic, dark matter: halo, 0103 physical sciences, active galactic nuclei, extragalactic magnetic fields, AGN, Blazar, background, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, sensitivity, axion, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], absorption, statistical, Blazars, Telescopes
Abstract: Full list of authors: Abdalla, H.; Abe, H.; Acero, F.; Acharyya, A.; Adam, R.; Agudo, I; Aguirre-Santaella, A.; Alfaro, R.; Alfaro, J.; Alispach, C.; Aloisio, R.; Batista, R. Alves; Amati, L.; Amato, E.; Ambrosi, G.; Anguner, E. O.; Araudo, A.; Armstrong, T.; Arqueros, F.; Arrabito, L.; Asano, K.; Ascasibar, Y.; Ashley, M.; Backes, M.; Balazs, C.; Balbo, M.; Balmaverde, B.; Baquero Larriva, A.; Martins, V. Barbosa; Barkov, M.; Baroncelli, L.; de Almeida, U. Barres; Barrio, J. A.; Batista, P-, I; Becerra Gonzalez, J.; Becherini, Y.; Beck, G.; Tjus, J. Becker; Belmont, R.; Benbow, W.; Bernardini, E.; Berti, A.; Berton, M.; Bertucci, B.; Beshley, V; Bi, B.; Biasuzzi, B.; Biland, A.; Bissaldi, E.; Biteau, J.; Blanch, O.; Bocchino, F.; Boisson, C.; Bolmont, J.; Bonanno, G.; Arbeletche, L. Bonneau; Bonnoli, G.; Bordas, P.; Bottacini, E.; Bottcher, M.; Bozhilov, V; Bregeon, J.; Brill, A.; Brown, A. M.; Bruno, P.; Bruno, A.; Bulgarelli, A.; Burton, M.; Buscemi, M.; Caccianiga, A.; Cameron, R.; Capasso, M.; Caprai, M.; Caproni, A.; Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R.; Caraveo, P.; Carosi, R.; Carosi, A.; Casanova, S.; Cascone, E.; Cauz, D.; Cerny, K.; Cerruti, M.; Chadwick, P.; Chaty, S.; Chen, A.; Chernyakova, M.; Chiaro, G.; Chiavassa, A.; Chytka, L.; Conforti, V; Conte, F.; Contreras, J. L.; Coronado-Blazquez, J.; Cortina, J.; Costa, A.; Costantini, H.; Covino, S.; Cristofari, P.; Cuevas, O.; D'Ammando, F.; Daniel, M. K.; Davies, J.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; de Lavergne, M. de Bony; De Caprio, V; dos Anjos, R. de Cassia; Dal Pino, E. M. de Gouveia; De Lotto, B.; De Martino, D.; de Naurois, M.; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona; De Palma, F.; de Souza, V; Delgado, C.; Della Ceca, R.; della Volpe, D.; Depaoli, D.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Pierro, F.; Diaz, C.; Diaz-Bahamondes, C.; Diebold, S.; Djannati-Atai, A.; Dmytriiev, A.; Dominguez, A.; Donini, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Dournaux, J.; Dwarkadas, V. V.; Ebr, J.; Eckner, C.; Einecke, S.; Ekoume, T. R. N.; Elsaesser, D.; Emery, G.; Evoli, C.; Fairbairn, M.; Falceta-Goncalves, D.; Fegan, S.; Feng, Q.; Ferrand, G.; Fiandrini, E.; Fiasson, A.; Fioretti, V; Foffano, L.; Fonseca, M., V; Font, L.; Fontaine, G.; Franco, F. J.; Freixas Coromina, L.; Fukami, S.; Fukazawa, Y.; Fukui, Y.; Gaggero, D.; Galanti, G.; Gammaldi, V; Garcia, E.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gascon, D.; Gaug, M.; Gent, A.; Ghalumyan, A.; Ghirlanda, G.; Gianotti, F.; Giarrusso, M.; Giavitto, G.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Glicenstein, J.; Goldoni, P.; Gonzalez, J. M.; Gourgouliatos, K.; Grabarczyk, T.; Grandi, P.; Granot, J.; Grasso, D.; Green, J.; Grube, J.; Gueta, O.; Gunji, S.; Halim, A.; Harvey, M.; Collado, T. Hassan; Hayashi, K.; Heller, M.; Cadena, S. Hernandez; Hervet, O.; Hinton, J.; Hiroshima, N.; Hnatyk, B.; Hnatyk, R.; Hoffmann, D.; Hofmann, W.; Holder, J.; Horan, D.; Horandel, J.; Horvath, P.; Hovatta, T.; Hrabovsky, M.; Hrupec, D.; Hughes, G.; Hutten, M.; Iarlori, M.; Inada, T.; Inoue, S.; Insolia, A.; Ionica, M.; Iori, M.; Jacquemont, M.; Jamrozy, M.; Janecek, P.; Jimenez Martinez, I; Jin, W.; Jung-Richardt, I; Jurysek, J.; Kaaret, P.; Karas, V; Karkar, S.; Kawanaka, N.; Kerszberg, D.; Khelifi, B.; Kissmann, R.; Knodlseder, J.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kohri, K.; Komin, N.; Kong, A.; Kosack, K.; Kubo, H.; La Palombara, N.; Lamanna, G.; Lang, R. G.; Lapington, J.; Laporte, P.; Lefaucheur, J.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J.; Leone, F.; Leto, G.; Leuschner, F.; Lindfors, E.; Lloyd, S.; Lohse, T.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; Lopez, A.; Lopez, M.; Lopez-Coto, R.; Loporchio, S.; Lucarelli, F.; Luque-Escamilla, P. L.; Lyard, E.; Maggio, C.; Majczyna, A.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Mandat, D.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Manico, G.; Marcowith, A.; Marculewicz, M.; Markoff, S.; Marquez, P.; Marti, J.; Martinez, O.; Martinez, M.; Martinez, G.; Martinez-Huerta, H.; Maurin, G.; Mazin, D.; Mbarubucyeye, J. D.; Miranda, D. Medina; Meyer, M.; Micanovic, S.; Miener, T.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mitchell, A.; Mizuno, T.; Mode, B.; Moderski, R.; Mohrmann, L.; Molina, E.; Montaruli, T.; Moralejo, A.; Morales Merino, J.; Morcuende-Parrilla, D.; Morselli, A.; Mukherjee, R.; Mundell, C.; Murach, T.; Muraishi, H.; Nagai, A.; Nakamori, T.; Nemmen, R.; Niemiec, J.; Nieto, D.; Nievas, M.; Nikolajuk, M.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nosek, D.; Nozaki, S.; Ohira, Y.; Ohishi, M.; Oka, T.; Ong, R. A.; Orienti, M.; Orito, R.; Orlandini, M.; Orlando, E.; Osborne, J. P.; Ostrowski, M.; Oya, I; Pagliaro, A.; Palatka, M.; Paneque, D.; Pantaleo, F. R.; Paredes, J. M.; Parmiggiani, N.; Patricelli, B.; Pavletic, L.; Pe'er, A.; Pech, M.; Pecimotika, M.; Peresano, M.; Persic, M.; Petruk, O.; Pfrang, K.; Piatteli, P.; Pietropaolo, E.; Pillera, R.; Pilszyk, B.; Pimentel, D.; Pintore, F.; Pita, S.; Pohl, M.; Poireau, V; Polo, M.; Prado, R. R.; Prast, J.; Principe, G.; Produit, N.; Prokoph, H.; Prouza, M.; Przybilski, H.; Pueschel, E.; Puehlhofer, G.; Pumo, M. L.; Punch, M.; Queiroz, F.; Quirrenbach, A.; Rando, R.; Razzaque, S.; Rebert, E.; Recchia, S.; Reichherzer, P.; Reimer, O.; Reimer, A.; Renier, Y.; Reposeur, T.; Rhode, W.; Ribeiro, D.; Ribo, M.; Richtler, T.; Rico, J.; Rieger, F.; Rizi, V; Rodriguez, J.; Fernandez, G. Rodriguez; Ramirez, J. C. Rodriguez; Rodriguez Vazquez, J. J.; Romano, P.; Romeo, G.; Roncadelli, M.; Rosado, J.; de Leon, A. Rosales; Rowell, G.; Rudak, B.; Rujopakarn, W.; Russo, F.; Sadeh, I; Saha, L.; Saito, T.; Greus, F. Salesa; Sanchez, D.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Sangiorgi, P.; Sano, H.; Santander, M.; Santos, E. M.; Sanuy, A.; Sarkar, S.; Saturni, F. G.; Sawangwit, U.; Scherer, A.; Schleicher, B.; Schovanek, P.; Schussler, F.; Schwanke, U.; Sciacca, E.; Scuderi, S.; Arroyo, M. Seglar; Sergijenko, O.; Servillat, M.; Seweryn, K.; Shalchi, A.; Sharma, P.; Shellard, R. C.; Siejkowski, H.; Sinha, A.; Sliusar, V; Slowikowska, A.; Sokolenko, A.; Sol, H.; Specovius, A.; Spencer, S.; Spiga, D.; Stamerra, A.; Starling, R.; Stolarczyk, T.; Straumann, U.; Striskovic, J.; Suda, Y.; Tagliaferri, G.; Takahashi, H.; Takahashi, M.; Tavecchio, F.; Taylor, L.; Tejedor, L. A.; Temnikov, P.; Terrier, R.; Terzic, T.; Testa, V; Tian, W.; Tibaldo, L.; Tonev, D.; Torres, D. F.; Torresi, E.; Tosti, L.; Tothill, N.; Tovmassian, G.; Travnicek, P.; Truzzi, S.; Tuossenel, F.; Umana, G.; Vacula, M.; Vagelli, V.; Valentino, M.; Vallage, B.; Vallania, P.; van Eldik, C.; Varner, G. S.; Vassiliev, V.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Vecchi, M.; Veh, J.; Vercellone, S.; Vergani, S.; Verguilov, V.; Vettolani, G. P.; Viana, A.; Vigorito, C. F.; Vitale, V.; Vorobiov, S.; Vovk, I; Vuillaume, T.; Wagner, S. J.; Walter, R.; Watson, J.; White, M.; White, R.; Wiemann, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Will, M.; Williams, D. A.; Wischnewski, R.; Wolter, A.; Yamazaki, R.; Yanagita, S.; Yang, L.; Yoshikoshi, T.; Zacharias, M.; Zaharijas, G.; Zaric, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Zech, A.; Zechlin, H.; Zhdanov, V., I; Zivec, M., The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the new-generation ground-based observatory for γ astronomy, provides unique capabilities to address significant open questions in astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. We study some of the salient areas of γ cosmology that can be explored as part of the Key Science Projects of CTA, through simulated observations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and of their relativistic jets. Observations of AGN with CTA will enable a measurement of γ absorption on the extragalactic background light with a statistical uncertainty below 15% up to a redshift z=2 and to constrain or detect γ halos up to intergalactic-magnetic-field strengths of at least 0.3 pG . Extragalactic observations with CTA also show promising potential to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. The best limits on Lorentz invariance violation from γ astronomy will be improved by a factor of at least two to three. CTA will also probe the parameter space in which axion-like particles could constitute a significant fraction, if not all, of dark matter. We conclude on the synergies between CTA and other upcoming facilities that will foster the growth of γ cosmology. © 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab., We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following agencies and organizations: State Committee of Science of Armenia, Armenia; The Australian Research Council, Astronomy Australia Ltd, The University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, The University of New South Wales, The University of Sydney, Western Sydney University, Australia; Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, and Innsbruck University, Austria; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications (MCTIC), Brasil; Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018, Bulgaria; The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Space Agency, Canada; CONICYT-Chile grants CATA AFB 170002, ANID PIA/APOYO AFB 180002, ACT 1406, FONDECYT-Chile grants, 1161463, 1170171, 1190886, 1171421, 1170345, 1201582, Gemini-ANID 32180007, Chile; Croatian Science Foundation, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Osijek, University of Rijeka, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Croa tia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, MEYS M2015046, LM2018105, LTT17006, EU/MEYS CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001403, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016007 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000754, Czech Republic; Academy of Finland (grant nr.317636 and 320045), Finland; Ministry of Higher Education and Research, CNRS-INSU and CNRS-IN2P3, CEA-Irfu, ANR, Regional Council Ile de France, Labex ENIGMASS, OCEVU, OSUG2020 and P2IO, France; Max Planck Society, BMBF, DESY, Helmholtz Association, Germany; Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Science and Technology, India; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), MIUR, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF-OABRERA) Grant Fondazione Cariplo/Regione Lombardia ID 2014-1980/RST_ERC, Italy; ICRR, University of Tokyo, JSPS, MEXT, Japan; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Netherlands; University of Oslo, Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, DIR/WK/2017/12, the National Centre for Research and Development and the National Science Centre, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00583, Poland; Slovenian Research Agency, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, I0-0033, J1-9146, J1-1700, N1-0111, and the Young Researcher program, Slovenia; South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation through the South African Gamma-Ray Astronomy Programme, South Africa; The Spanish groups acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Spanish Research State Agency (AEI) through grants AYA2016-79724-C4-1-P, AYA2016-80889-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, BES-2016-076342, FPA2017-82729-C6-1-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-3-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-4-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R, PGC2018-095161-B-I00, PGC2018-095512-B-I00, PID2019-107988GB-C22; the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa” program through grants no. SEV-2016-0597, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2017-0709, CEX2019-000920-S; the “Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu” program through grant no. MDM-2015-0509; the “Ramón y Cajal” programme through grants RYC-2013-14511, RYC-2017-22665; and the MultiDark Consolider Network FPA2017-90566-REDC. They also acknowledge the Atracción de Talento contract no. 2016-T1/TIC-1542 granted by the Comunidad de Madrid; the “Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship” programme from La Caixa Bank ing Foundation, grants no. LCF/BQ/LI18/11630014 and LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012; the “Programa Operativo” FEDER 2014-2020, Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento de la Junta de Andalucía (Ref. 1257737), PAIDI 2020 (Ref. P18-FR-1580) and Universidad de Jaén; “Programa Operativo de Crecimiento Inteligente” FEDER 2014-2020 (Ref. ESFRI-2017-IAC-12), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, 15% co-financed by Consejería de Economía, Industria, Comercio y Conocimiento del Gobierno de Canarias; the Spanish AEI EQC2018-005094-P FEDER 2014-2020; the European Union’s “Horizon 2020” research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 665919; and the ESCAPE project with grant no. GA:824064; Swedish Research Council, Royal Physiographic Society of Lund, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at Lunarc (Lund), Sweden; State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) and Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; Durham University, Leverhulme Trust, Liverpool University, University of Leicester, University of Oxford, Royal Soci ety, Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, Barnard College, University of California, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics (INPAC-MRPI program), Iowa State University, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington University McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, The University of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, USA. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements No 262053 and No 317446. This project is receiving funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under agreement No 676134. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement GammaRayCascades No 843800. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
Published: 2021
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10. Prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope for the Cherenkov Telescope Array: Commissioning the Optical System

Author: M. Valentino, M. Capasso, R. A. Cameron, Q. Feng, Valerio Vagelli, L. P. Taylor, Daniel Nieto, K. Meagher, F. R. Pantaleo, N. Otte, F. Di Pierro, V. Masone, R. Shang, F. Licciulli, W. Jin, T. B. Humensky, R. Halliday, Andrea Rugliancich, P. I. Batista, Bruna Bertucci, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, Serena Loporchio, L. Stiaccini, A. Boiano, D. Depaoli, R. Paoletti, G. Marsella, A. Brill, Maria Ionica, David R. Williams, Olivier Hervet, B. A. W. Mode, Richard Bose, Corbin Covault, M. Ambrosio, Carla Aramo, M. Caprai, Luca Tosti, Thomas Meures, Peter Y. Yu, E. Roache, Reshmi Mukherjee, N. Giglietto, Rodolfo Canestrari, V. V. Vassiliev, Elisabetta Bissaldi, G. Ambrosi, G. H. Tovmassian, L. Riitano, Marcos Santander, Ferdinando Giordano, E. Pueschel, D. Ribeiro, G. Tripodo, S. J. Fegan, Amy Furniss, G. Pareschi, Manel Errando, S. I. Mognet, Alasdair E. Gent, E. Fiandrini, S. Incardona, D. B. Kieda, J. Vandenbroucke, Julien Rousselle, Enrico Giro, J. H. Buckley, M. Bitossi, C. Adams, Atsushi Okumura, and L. Di Venere
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, law.invention, Telescope, law, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Schwarzschild radius, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract: A prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (pSCT) has been constructed at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory as a candidate for the medium-sized telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO). CTAO is currently entering early construction phase of the project and once completed it will vastly improve very high energy gamma-ray detection component in multi-wavelength and multi-messenger observations due to significantly improved sensitivity, angular resolution and field of view comparing to the current generation of the ground-based gamma-ray observatories H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS. The pSCT uses a dual aspheric mirror design with a $9.7$ m primary mirror and $5.4$ m secondary mirror, both of which are segmented. The Schwarzschild-Couder (SC) optical system (OS) selected for the prototype telescope achieves wide field of view of $8$ degrees and simultaneously reduces the focal plane plate scale allowing an unprecedented compact ($0.78$m diameter) implementation of the high-resolution camera ($6$mm/ $0.067$deg per imaging pixel with $11,328$ pixels) based on the silicon photo-multipliers (SiPMs). The OS of the telescope is designed to eliminate spherical and comatic aberrations and minimize astigmatism to radically improve off-axis imaging and consequently angular resolution across all the field of view with respect to the conventional single-mirror telescopes. Fast and high imaging resolution OS of the pSCT comes with the challenging submillimeter-precision custom alignment system, which was successfully demonstrated with an on-axis point spread function (PSF) of $2.9$ arcmin prior to the first-light detection of the Crab Nebula in 2020. Ongoing and future commissioning activities are reported.
Published: 2021

11. Alignment of the optical system of the 9.7-m prototype Schwarzchild-Coulder Telescope

Author: Alasdair E. Gent, E. Fiandrini, Arturo Iriarte, Thomas Meures, Olivier Hervet, R. Shang, M. Valentino, Reshmi Mukherjee, K. L. Byrum, Corbin Covault, Nicola Giglietto, S. J. Fegan, G. Hughes, G. H. Tovmassian, A. Petrashyk, Akira Okumura, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, G. Pareschi, J. Ruíz-Díaz-Soto, Daniel Nieto, B. Kim, G. Sironi, David Kieda, A. Brill, Ruben Alfaro, M. Caprai, Vladimir Vassiliev, N. La Palombara, Bruna Bertucci, S. Schlenstedt, Carla Aramo, Francesco Giordano, L. P. Taylor, M. J. Martínez González, J. H. Buckley, Elisabetta Bissaldi, R. A. Cameron, A. Boiano, R. Halliday, Q. Feng, Amy Furniss, Richard Bose, Julien Rousselle, B. A. W. Mode, T. B. Humensky, W. Jin, D. Ribeiro, Justin Vandenbroucke, Maria Ionica, P. Wilcox, M. Ambrosio, L. Stiaccini, M. Capasso, S. P. Wakely, P. Kaaret, E. Roache, Valerio Vagelli, Fernando Garfias, F. R. Pantaleo, Andrea Rugliancich, Michele Limon, Marcos Santander, S. Loporchio, L. Di Venere, N. Otte, J. Powell, G. Ambrosi, Luca Tosti, B. Stevenson, M. Bitossi, C. Adams, M. Garczarczyk, Peter Y. Yu, R. Paoletti, Salvo Scuderi, David A. Williams, ITA, USA, FRA, DEU, ESP, JPN, and MEX
Subjects: Pixel, business.industry, Computer science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Field of view, Gamma-ray astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Crab Nebula, Observatory, Sky, law, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, business, media_common
Abstract: The novel 9.7m Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (SCT), utilizing aspheric dual-mirror optical system, has been constructed as a prototype medium size x-ray telescope for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory. The prototype SCT (pSCT) is designed to achieve simultaneously the wide (>= 8°) field of view and the superior imaging resolution (0.067 per pixel) to significantly improve scientific capabilities of the observatory in conducting the sky surveys, the follow-up observations of multi-messenger transients with poorly known initial localization and the morphology studies of x-ray sources with angular extent. In this submission, we describe the hardware and software implementations of the telescope optical system as well as the methods specifically developed to align its complex optical system, in which both primary and secondary mirrors are segmented. The pSCT has detected Crab Nebula in June 2020 during ongoing commissioning, which was delayed due to worldwide pandemic and is not yet completed. Verification of pSCT performance is continuing and further improvement of optical alignment is anticipated.
Published: 2020
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12. Verification of the Optical System of the 9.7-m Prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope

Author: C. Aramo, Thomas Brian Humensky, Giovanni Pareschi, L. Stiaccini, Carmela Bonavolontà, A. Rugliancich, M. Caprai, E. Fiandrini, David Kieda, Daniel Nieto, A. Furniss, M. Bitossi, G. Sironi, S. J. Fegan, Wystan Benbow, B. Stevenson, C. Adams, Markus Garczarczyk, Justin Vandenbroucke, Riccardo Paoletti, B. Kim, Elisabetta Bissaldi, L. Di Venere, A. Petrashyk, R. A. Cameron, M. Valentino, Vladimir Vassiliev, Gagik Tovmassian, A. Boiano, S. Loporchio, Corbin Covault, Nicola Giglietto, P. Wilcox, A. Iriarte, Francesco Giordano, Reshmi Mukherjee, F. Garfias, A. Brill, S. P. Wakely, T. Meures, P. Kaarat, R. Shang, Michele Limon, K. Powell, Marcos Santander, B. A. W. Mode, F. R. Pantaleo, D. A. Williams, Julien Rousselle, G. Hughes, O. Hervet, V. Masone, R. Halliday, R. Bose, Q. Feng, Jade Powell, J. H. Buckley, Salvo Scuderi, S. Schlenstedt, M. Ambrosio, Peter Y. Yu, M. Capasso, Akira Okumura, F. Licciulli, A. Gent, J. Ruíz-Díaz-Soto, L. P. Taylor, B. Bertucci, M. Ionica, N. Otte, D. Ribeiro, E. Roache, N. La Palombara, Giovanni Ambrosi, W. Jin, Karen Byrum, L. Tosti, Ruben Alfaro, Maria Magdalena González, V. Vagelli, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), ITA, USA, FRA, DEU, ESP, JPN, and MEX
Subjects: Cherenkov Telescope Array, 01 natural sciences, localization, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, Observatory, pixel, optical, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], mirror, media_common, Physics, cascade: atmosphere, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, imaging, Active optics, alignment, Schwarzschild, observatory, Aplanatic Optical System, duality, history, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, performance, Gamma Ray, Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes, Aperture, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cherenkov counter: atmosphere, 010309 optics, Telescope, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Angular resolution, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, business.industry, beam: width, 010401 analytical chemistry, resolution, sensitivity, 0104 chemical sciences, messenger, angular resolution, Sky, gamma ray, business
Abstract: For the first time in the history of ground-based $\gamma$-ray astronomy, the on-axis performance of the dual mirror, aspheric, aplanatic Schwarzschild-Couder optical system has been demonstrated in a $9.7$-m aperture imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope. The novel design of the prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (pSCT) is motivated by the need of the next-generation Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory to have the ability to perform wide ($\geq 8^{\circ}$) field-of-view observations simultaneously with superior imaging of atmospheric cascades (resolution of $0.067^{\circ}$ per pixel or better). The pSCT design, if implemented in the CTA installation, has the potential to improve significantly both the $\gamma$-ray angular resolution and the off-axis sensitivity of the observatory, reaching nearly the theoretical limit of the technique and thereby making a major impact on the CTA observatory sky survey programs, follow-up observations of multi-messenger transients with poorly known initial localization, as well as on the spatially resolved spectroscopic studies of extended $\gamma$-ray sources. This contribution reports on the initial alignment procedures and point-spread-function results for the challenging segmented aspheric primary and secondary mirrors of the pSCT., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, proceedings for SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2020, Online Only
Published: 2020
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13. 3D diamond detectors for small field dosimetry

Author: K. Kanxheri, C. Talamonti, S. Sciortino, S. Lagomarsino, M. Ionica, M. Caprai, F. Moscatelli, and L. Servoli
Subjects: Biophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, General Medicine
Published: 2021
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14. Intercalibration of a polycrystalline 3D diamond detector for small field dosimetry

Author: Arianna Morozzi, Francesco Moscatelli, M. Iacco, Daniele Passeri, L. Alunni Solestizi, M. Ionica, Cinzia Talamonti, C. Zucchetti, Silvio Sciortino, D. Aisa, M. Caprai, Leonello Servoli, K. Kanxheri, C. Corsi, Marco Bellini, A.C. Dipilato, and Stefano Lagomarsino
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, engineering.material, Detector calibration, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Dosimetry, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, 010302 applied physics, Physics, Dosimeter, Pixel, business.industry, Detector, Diamond, Laser, Radiotherapy concepts, 3-D polycrystalline diamond detectors, Graphitic columnar electrodes, engineering, business
Abstract: In medical radiation dosimetry , the use of small photon fields is almost a prerequisite for high precision localized dose delivery to delineated target volumes. The accurate measurement of standard dosimetric quantities in such situations depends on the size of the detector with respect to the field dimensions. Polycrystalline diamond devices with 3-dimensional structures are produced by using laser pulses to create graphitic paths in the diamond bulk. By fabricating very narrow and close-by columnar electrodes perpendicular to the detector surface, it is possible to create arrays of 3-D cells (pixels) with a very small sensitive volume. In order to present a solution to the problem of the detector size for small field dosimetry the 3-D technology aims to a new highly segmented larger polycrystalline diamond dosimeter to obtain field profiles in a single measurement, reducing the uncertainty of the delivered dose. To this purpose a 3D all carbon detector with an array of 9 3-D pixels has been produced. Due to the heterogeneous structure of the polycrystalline diamond substrate, it was necessary to study the response of each pixel under a standard field photon beam (10 x 10 cm 2 ). For 6 pixels of the array was demonstrated that they present different sensitivities to the radiation beam , but the response is linear and stable hence different calibration factors can be applied to obtain an overall detector response and reduce the uncertainty of the delivered dose.
Published: 2020
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15. Beam test performance of prototype silicon detectors for the Outer Tracker for the Phase-2 Upgrade of CMS

Author: Viktor Veszpremi, A. Benecke, Stefanos Leontsinis, Chayanit Asawatangtrakuldee, Marko Dragicevic, Dustin Burns, Urs Langenegger, Gregor Kasieczka, Kevin Mcdermott, V. Kutzner, Ali Harb, Stephane Detraz, Gaelle Boudoul, P. Dené, Pieter David, Olga Evdokimov, Livio Fanò, Roberto Covarelli, S. Martiradonna, S. Roy Chowdhury, A. Prosser, Geetika Jain, S. Cerchi, Caleb Fangmeier, Frédéric Robert, Martin Delcourt, Julie Managan Hogan, John Gabriel Acosta, Kristian Harder, Maximilian Knut Kiesel, William J Spalding, Laura Borrello, Hugo Delannoy, E. SØrensen Bols, Ian R Tomalin, P. Van Mulders, Filippo Bosi, Simone Paoletti, J. Thieman, Massimo Manghisoni, Laurent Thomas, Marcos Fernandez, Jasper Lauwers, Jason Cole, Matej Roguljic, F. Loddo, Suchandra Dutta, Giulio Mandorli, Guido Tonelli, A. Zuber, Tuure Tuuva, Margaret Zientek, L. Kottelat, Mujahid Abbas, Seth Moortgat, L. Perera, Andrey Popov, Georg Auzinger, S. Krutelyov, Peter R Hobson, D. Ceresa, Bora Akgun, Xin Chen, A. Moggi, Torben Lange, M. Alhusseini, Aliakbar Ebrahimi, Enrico Robutti, E. Bartz, Aristotelis Kyriakis, D. Schell, H. Steininger, Beat H. Meier, Francesco Fiori, J. L. Dulemba, Kevin Nash, Alexander Dierlamm, Ferenc Sikler, Gourab Saha, Valentina Dutta, Caroline Elisabeth Niniane Niemeyer, Miaoyuan Liu, R. Mankel, E. Voirin, N. Hinton, Katja Klein, R. F. Harr, U. Goerlach, W. T. Ford, M. A. Saizu, Luca Guzzi, E. Mazzoni, Andrea Giammanco, Ilya Kravchenko, Oliver Pooth, Nikkie Deelen, A. Onnela, N. Lumb, G. Galbit, R. Jaramillo Echeverria, D. Koukola, B. Nodari, Mauro Menichelli, Roland Horisberger, Piergiulio Lenzi, Salvatore My, A. Rinkevicius, Asit Ranjan Ghosh, James Dolen, Freya Blekman, Q. Piazza, C. Rude, James Keaveney, Andreas Hinzmann, Elisa Manoni, Nicolas Chanon, Rudy Ceccarelli, Benedikt Vormwald, J. N. Butler, Bugra Bilin, Donato Creanza, Laurent Mirabito, Steven Lowette, D. J. Summers, Daniele Pedrini, W. Beaumont, Michele Caselle, Gino Bolla, F. Bögelspacher, Dan Quach, D. White, Paolo Petagna, G. Pierschel, Jan Troska, Robert Bainbridge, Petar Maksimovic, Roberto Mulargia, Erika Garutti, R. Stever, Maria Teresa Grippo, S. Seif El Nasr-storey, D. Blöch, Giancarlo Mantovani, Jory Sonneveld, M. Neufeld, Natalia Emriskova, Abhisek Datta, Fabrizio Palla, T. Boccali, David Cussans, R. Beccherle, Ettore Focardi, D. di Calafiori, Tongguang Cheng, Sergo Jindariani, J. Schwandt, Thea Klaeboe Aarrestad, Petra Merkel, De Hua Zhu, Georg Steinbrück, Robert Stone, Haiyan Wang, Quan Wang, Konrad Deiters, Graham Wilson, S. Orfanelli, F. Raffaelli, Eric Spencer, Steve Schnetzer, Klaas Padeken, Barbara Clerbaux, J. Duarte Campderros, P. Vischia, R. L. Lander, L. Ardila, Lea Caminada, D. Di Croce, A. Stahl, Nicola Bacchetta, Amitabh Lath, Simon Kudella, S. Kyre, Roland Koppenhöfer, Rong-Shyang Lu, Alessandro Caratelli, Natale Demaria, Patrizia Azzi, Valerio Re, Luciano Di Fiore, E. Dangelser, Werner Lustermann, Andromachi Tsirou, Daniel Pitzl, M. Krauth, Joaquin Emilo Siado, N. Tonon, Y. Allard, Yuta Takahashi, Claude Amsler, Sarah Freed, Yang Yang, Sioni Summers, F. Palmonari, Sandra Oliveros, Florencia Canelli, C. Mills, C. Bonnin, Johannes Haller, Johannes Schulz, Branislav Ristic, Laurent Favart, S. Y. Hoh, J. De Clercq, R. Bhattacharya, S. Bizzaglia, T. Gadek, Melissa Quinnan, Leonardo Giannini, Savvas Kyriacou, Irene Zoi, Cristina Tuve, Alexander Pauls, Emyr Clement, Felix Bachmair, Marius Teroerde, Christopher Hill, M. Matulik, Garrett Funk, Mario Masciovecchio, D. E. Pellett, J. Chramowicz, Huilin Qu, Martin Lipinski, Joze Zobec, Steve Nahn, Marco Meschini, A. Marchioro, Francois Vasey, D. Braga, Ulrich Heintz, Bjorn Burkle, Maria Ionica, C. Barth, Inna Makarenko, Ryan Rivera, Georgios Krintiras, L. Gross, A. Froehlich, Giacomo Fedi, A. Evdokimov, C. M. Lei, Giorgia Rauco, Nicola Pozzobon, Kirti Ranjan, D. Gelé, Reza Goldouzian, Giuseppe Barbagli, Lorenzo Bianchini, A. Bakshi, S. Schael, Jorgen D'Hondt, Carlo Civinini, Satoshi Hasegawa, Mark Pesaresi, Jeong-Eun Lee, A. Di Salvo, Dinko Ferencek, Kevin Sung, N. Frank, M. Miñano Moya, P. Steck, Tim Ziemons, Luigi Moroni, U. Roeser, E. Albert, J. E. Ramirez Vargas, Paolo Dini, Fabio Ravera, Maren Tabea Meinhard, T. Mitchell, Bahareh Roozbahani, S. Los, S. Streuli, Renato Potenza, Elisabetta Gallo, Arianna Morozzi, F. Perez Gomez, G. Baldinelli, Valentina Mariani, Ivan Shvetsov, G. Hugo, Hans-Christian Kaestli, Guenter Eckerlin, Weinan Si, Paula Eerola, Jesper Roy Christiansen, Daniele Spiga, G. Fluegge, J. Alexander, G. M. Bilei, David Jonathan Hofman, Ricardo Eusebi, O. Rieger, C.R. Strohman, W. S. Hou, K. Cichy, Atanu Modak, S. Marconi, S. Sroka, G. Mazza, T. Liu, Merve Ince, Maurizio Biasini, A. Yagil, Sinan Sagir, Andrea Rodriguez Perez, Avto Kharchilava, Jelena Luetic, Tapio Lampén, Claudia Cecchi, J. Daguin, A. L. Virto, C. Kleinwort, Douglas Berry, Frank Golf, J. Bendotti, Christian Dziwok, G. De Robertis, G. Dellacasa, Moritz Guthoff, Marc Weber, Paolo Gunnellini, L. Farnesini, Eija Tuominen, Y. Nissan, Yanwen Liu, P. Schuetze, Amandeep Kaur Kalsi, Leonard Spiegel, S. Timpone, Roberto Dell'Orso, Konstantinos Manolopoulos, Georgios Anagnostou, Melody A. Swartz, Maxwell Chertok, W. De Boer, Danek Kotlinski, Lorenzo Uplegger, Jan Hoss, R. Maier, K. Bösiger, Mauro Emanuele Dinardo, Jose Monroy, Nhan Viet Tran, T. Nussbaum, H. Gonzalez, Nicolas Röwert, Kevin Burkett, Elisabetta Manca, Christoph Grab, W. Deng, Quentin Python, Joe Incandela, R. Puente Rico, Regina Demina, Louis Moureaux, Christian Autermann, A. Weddigen, Rainer Wallny, Ernesto Migliore, Hans-Jürgen Simonis, T. Barvich, A. Filenius, Didier Contardo, Robert Klanner, Alessio Magitteri, Andreas Nürnberg, J. Voelker, Patrick Asenov, R. Mendis, Giacomo Bruno, Giovanna Selvaggi, Francesco Brivio, R. Gajanec, Kristian Allan Hahn, Adrian Perieanu, Jane Nachtman, Angelo Rivetti, Kenneth Bloom, M. Mrowietz, L. Perozzi, David Vannerom, D. Moya, Emily MacDonald, Oliver Sander, Stephane Perries, Anna Kropivnitskaya, Rachel Bartek, M. Matysek, Piero Giorgio Verdini, Ashutosh Bhardwaj, J. O. Gosewisch, Pascal Vanlaer, C. Hoad, Erik Brücken, Daniele Passeri, S. Macauda, P. Assiouras, Vasilije Perovic, Thomas James, Roberto Leonardi, Gervasio Gomez, F.J. Gonzalez Sanchez, W. E. Johns, Hannsjoerg Artur Weber, Gordon H. Hanson, G. Bagliesi, Danilo Meuser, G. Altopp, V. Hinger, M. S. Meyer, Devdatta Majumder, Meenakshi Narain, Christina Snyder, Kevin Stenson, Erich Schmitz, C. Muhl, G. Bourgatte, Erik Butz, Lutz Feld, G. Baulieu, Marc Osherson, Y. Bordlemay Padilla, Xavier Coubez, Philip Baringer, L. Djambazov, W. Hulek, Fengwangdong Zhang, Souvik Das, A. Gandrakotra, Vitaliano Ciulli, Fabio Morsani, Finn Feindt, Yi-ting Duh, H. Maser, H. Postema, Yasar Onel, Thomas Eichhorn, D. Deyrail, Paolo Azzurri, J. L. Agram, Tamás Álmos Vámi, Hugues Brun, Alexx Perloff, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Andrey Ostapchuk, Roberto Tenchini, M. Brianzi, T. Dupasquier, Charles Harrington, S. Maier, Panja-Riina Luukka, Scarlet Norberg, John A Coughlan, A. Korotkov, Raffaele Gerosa, Gaia Maria Berruti, Mário Costa, Loriano Storchi, R. Becker, Marvin Johnson, Benjamin Kilminster, J. F. Tsai, J. Andrea, Vittorio Raoul Tavolaro, Meng Xiao, A. La Rosa, E. Chabert, Bryan Cardwell, P. D'Angelo, Richard B. Lipton, L. Ratti, Ivan Marchesini, A. K. Honma, Salvatore Rappoccio, Melanie Eich, Harry Cheung, Peter Schleper, Zhen Hu, Keith Ulmer, Loukas Gouskos, Emanuele Usai, Wolfram Erdmann, Th. Müller, M. Aldaya, Rachel Yohay, Guido Magazzu, S. Mallows, Lorenzo Viliani, Alessia Tricomi, Duccio Abbaneo, N. Koss, J. Kaplon, S. Spathopoulos, Joel Goldstein, Luciano Ristori, Marta Baselga, Mykola Savitskyi, M. De Palma, M. P. Rauch, P. Buhmann, Stephen Robert Wagner, Jaana Kristiina Heikkilä, J. Conway, R. Loos, Po-Hsun Chen, Stefano Mersi, Mykyta Haranko, V. Truong, Luigi Gaioni, Nicolas Postiau, Mauro Donegà, Wolfgang Adam, Cecilia Elena Gerber, Diego Beghin, Maria Agnese Ciocci, Olivier Bondu, A. De Cosa, V. Cherepanov, Tilman Rohe, Christophe Delaere, Fabrizio Ferro, G. Derylo, Vincent Lemaitre, F. De Canio, C. Turrioni, T. Pakulski, M. Kovacs, Alessia Saggio, N. Szilasi, Malte Backhaus, Matthias Schröder, J. Hoff, T. French, Livia Soffi, Thomas Blank, P. Lenoir, G. Zevi Della Porta, Andreas Kornmayer, Artur Apresyan, Ada Solano, C. Jain, Aaron Dominguez, L. M. Jara Casas, Jennifer Chu, Basil Schneider, Vivek Sharma, Saša Ceci, Ashley Parker, Francesco Moscatelli, D. Ciangottini, Paolo Spagnolo, Y. Gershtein, Xavier Janssen, Derek James Cranshaw, Davide Zuolo, Giacomo Sguazzoni, T. Susa, Andrea Venturi, Rino Castaldi, Michael Wlochal, F. Boyer, Federico Faccio, Andrei Gritsan, Matthias Balzer, A. Rossi, Brian Francis, Pisana Placidi, M. Caprai, Salvatore Costa, Kostas Kloukinas, Attilio Santocchia, Marius Preuten, Kirika Uchida, Dario Bisello, R. Walsh, Alexandra Tews, P. Van Mechelen, Alberto Messineo, C. Nieto Martin, M. Jones, Camilla Galloni, T. Balázs, Duong Nguyen, M. Vidal Marono, W. Bertl, Doris Eckstein, K. Pena, Otto Hindrichs, Ajeeta Khatiwada, Alice Bean, Z. Song, J. M. Brom, Geoffrey Hall, Karl Matthew Ecklund, Nicholas Eminizer, A. Rizzi, Julia Thom, Daniele Ruini, Nabin Poudyal, Juliette Alimena, Lorenzo Russo, Andrew Hart, Demetrios Loukas, A. Basti, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, Dennis Schwarz, T. Schuh, K. El Morabit, Giulia Negro, Thomas Bergauer, Gianluca Traversi, Ennio Monteil, Neeti Parashar, L. Charles, R. Del Burgo, Sebastiano Albergo, Johan Borg, C. Chen, T. Prousalidi, Zhengcheng Tao, P. Tropea, R. Frühwirth, Erica Brondolin, F. Bianchi, B. Checcucci, Richard J. K. Taylor, Simone Scarfi, L. Caponetto, Vuko Brigljevic, Lucia Silvestris, Franco Ligabue, A. Paterno, Caterina Vernieri, Laura Martikainen, D. R. Claes, Anders Ryd, Marius Metzler, J. Thomson, Susan Dittmer, Georgios Daskalakis, G. Blanchot, J. Olsen, C. Gingu, Waclaw Karpinski, Giuseppe Latino, Matthew Kilpatrick, Giorgio Maggi, P. Vichoudis, Alessandro Giassi, Süleyman Durgut, Rishabh Uniyal, Kai Yi, Mary Hadley, A. Di Mattia, Ivan Vila, N. Van Remortel, Roberto Ciaranfi, E. Riceputi, Simone Gennai, Sadia Khalil, Stefan Grünendahl, John Perry Cumalat, Eva Halkiadakis, J. Wellhausen, L. Paspalaki, Kirill Skovpen, M. Mongelli, Peter Robmann, Louise Skinnari, Frank Jensen, G. Schwering, Jordan Tucker, L. M. Cremaldi, Claudio Caputo, Yangyang Cheng, Pirmin Berger, Tommaso Dorigo, Sandra Malvezzi, Alberto Zucchetta, Ivan Reid, Anastasia Grebenyuk, Ijaz Ahmed, Konstantin Androsov, Marino Missiroli, Dmitry Hits, O. Colegrove, G. De Lentdecker, Peter Wittich, Frank Hartmann, Luca Pacher, Michael Wassmer, P. Cariola, Mia Tosi, Andrew Ivanov, S. Sarkar, E. Silva Jimenez, Andreas Mussgiller, Valerio Bertacchi, Stefano Michelis, Riccardo Bellan, Jeffrey Roskes, Valery Zhukov, Andreas Werner Jung, Anadi Canepa, Dario Menasce, Simranjit Singh Chhibra, Ulrich Husemann, J. F. Pernot, Sudhir Malik, Rizki Syarif, Ia Iashvili, Sébastien Viret, O. Reichelt, E. Scarlini, A. Starodumov, M. Vander Donckt, E. Curras Rivera, Vincenzo Chiochia, Antonio Cassese, H. Biskop, Adam, W, Bergauer, T, Blöch, D, Brondolin, E, Dragicevic, M, Frühwirth, R, Hinger, V, Steininger, H, Beaumont, W, Croce, D, Janssen, X, Lauwers, J, Mechelen, P, Remortel, N, Blekman, F, Chhibra, S, Clercq, J, D'Hondt, J, Lowette, S, Marchesini, I, Moortgat, S, Python, Q, Skovpen, K, Bols, E, Mulders, P, Allard, Y, Beghin, D, Bilin, B, Brun, H, Clerbaux, B, Lentdecker, G, Delannoy, H, Deng, W, Favart, L, Goldouzian, R, Grebenyuk, A, Kalsi, A, Luetic, J, Makarenko, I, Moureaux, L, Popov, A, Postiau, N, Robert, F, Song, Z, Thomas, L, Vanlaer, P, Vannerom, D, Wang, Q, Wang, H, Yang, Y, Bondu, O, Bruno, G, Caputo, C, David, P, Delaere, C, Delcourt, M, Giammanco, A, Krintiras, G, Lemaitre, V, Magitteri, A, Piotrzkowski, K, Saggio, A, Szilasi, N, Marono, M, Vischia, P, Zobec, J, Brigljević, V, Ceci, S, Ferenček, D, Roguljić, M, Starodumov, A, Šuša, T, Eerola, P, Heikkilä, J, Brücken, E, Lampén, T, Luukka, P, Martikainen, L, Tuominen, E, Tuuva, T, Agram, J, Andrea, J, Bloch, D, Bonnin, C, Bourgatte, G, Brom, J, Chabert, E, Charles, L, Cherepanov, V, Dangelser, E, Gelé, D, Goerlach, U, Gross, L, Krauth, M, Tonon, N, Baulieu, G, Boudoul, G, Caponetto, L, Chanon, N, Contardo, D, Dené, P, Dupasquier, T, Galbit, G, Lumb, N, Mirabito, L, Nodari, B, Perries, S, Donckt, M, Viret, S, Autermann, C, Feld, L, Karpinski, W, Kiesel, M, Klein, K, Lipinski, M, Meuser, D, Ostapchuk, A, Pauls, A, Pierschel, G, Preuten, M, Rauch, M, Röwert, N, Schael, S, Schulz, J, Schwering, G, Teroerde, M, Wlochal, M, Zhukov, V, Dziwok, C, Fluegge, G, Müller, T, Pooth, O, Stahl, A, Ziemons, T, Aldaya, M, Asawatangtrakuldee, C, Eckerlin, G, Eckstein, D, Eichhorn, T, Gallo, E, Guthoff, M, Haranko, M, Harb, A, Keaveney, J, Kleinwort, C, Mankel, R, Maser, H, Meyer, M, Missiroli, M, Muhl, C, Mussgiller, A, Pitzl, D, Reichelt, O, Savitskyi, M, Schuetze, P, Stever, R, Walsh, R, Zuber, A, Benecke, A, Biskop, H, Buhmann, P, Ebrahimi, A, Eich, M, Feindt, F, Froehlich, A, Garutti, E, Gunnellini, P, Haller, J, Hinzmann, A, Kasieczka, G, Klanner, R, Kutzner, V, Lange, T, Matysek, M, Mrowietz, M, Niemeyer, C, Nissan, Y, Pena, K, Perieanu, A, Rieger, O, Schleper, P, Schwandt, J, Schwarz, D, Sonneveld, J, Steinbrück, G, Tews, A, Vormwald, B, Wellhausen, J, Zoi, I, Abbas, M, Ardila, L, Balzer, M, Barth, C, Barvich, T, Baselga, M, Blank, T, Bögelspacher, F, Butz, E, Caselle, M, Boer, W, Dierlamm, A, Morabit, K, Gosewisch, J, Hartmann, F, Husemann, U, Koppenhöfer, R, Kudella, S, Maier, S, Mallows, S, Metzler, M, Muller, T, Neufeld, M, Nürnberg, A, Sander, O, Schell, D, Schröder, M, Schuh, T, Shvetsov, I, Simonis, H, Steck, P, Wassmer, M, Weber, M, Weddigen, A, Anagnostou, G, Asenov, P, Assiouras, P, Daskalakis, G, Kyriakis, A, Loukas, D, Paspalaki, L, Balázs, T, Siklér, F, Vámi, T, Veszprémi, V, Bhardwaj, A, Jain, C, Jain, G, Ranjan, K, Bhattacharya, R, Dutta, S, Chowdhury, S, Saha, G, Sarkar, S, Cariola, P, Creanza, D, de Palma, M, Robertis, G, Fiore, L, Ince, M, Loddo, F, Maggi, G, Martiradonna, S, Mongelli, M, My, S, Selvaggi, G, Silvestris, L, Albergo, S, Costa, S, Mattia, A, Potenza, R, Saizu, M, Tricomi, A, Tuve, C, Barbagli, G, Brianzi, M, Cassese, A, Ceccarelli, R, Ciaranfi, R, Ciulli, V, Civinini, C, D'Alessandro, R, Focardi, E, Latino, G, Lenzi, P, Meschini, M, Paoletti, S, Russo, L, Scarlini, E, Sguazzoni, G, Viliani, L, Cerchi, S, Ferro, F, Mulargia, R, Robutti, E, Brivio, F, Dinardo, M, Dini, P, Gennai, S, Guzzi, L, Malvezzi, S, Menasce, D, Moroni, L, Pedrini, D, Zuolo, D, Azzi, P, Bacchetta, N, Bisello, D, Dorigo, T, Pozzobon, N, Tosi, M, Canio, F, Gaioni, L, Manghisoni, M, Ratti, L, Re, V, Riceputi, E, Traversi, G, Baldinelli, G, Bianchi, F, Biasini, M, Bilei, G, Bizzaglia, S, Caprai, M, Cecchi, C, Checcucci, B, Ciangottini, D, Fanò, L, Farnesini, L, Ionica, M, Leonardi, R, Manoni, E, Mantovani, G, Mariani, V, Menichelli, M, Morozzi, A, Moscatelli, F, Passeri, D, Placidi, P, Rossi, A, Santocchia, A, Spiga, D, Storchi, L, Turrioni, C, Androsov, K, Azzurri, P, Bagliesi, G, Basti, A, Beccherle, R, Bertacchi, V, Bianchini, L, Boccali, T, Borrello, L, Bosi, F, Castaldi, R, Ciocci, M, Dell'Orso, R, Fedi, G, Fiori, F, Giannini, L, Giassi, A, Grippo, M, Ligabue, F, Magazzu, G, Manca, E, Mandorli, G, Mazzoni, E, Messineo, A, Moggi, A, Morsani, F, Palla, F, Palmonari, F, Raffaelli, F, Rizzi, A, Spagnolo, P, Tenchini, R, Tonelli, G, Venturi, A, Verdini, P, Bellan, R, Costa, M, Covarelli, R, Dellacasa, G, Demaria, N, Salvo, A, Mazza, G, Migliore, E, Monteil, E, Pacher, L, Paterno, A, Rivetti, A, Solano, A, Rivera, E, Campderros, J, Fernandez, M, Gomez, G, Sanchez, F, Echeverria, R, Moya, D, Jimenez, E, Vila, I, Virto, A, Abbaneo, D, Ahmed, I, Akgun, B, Albert, E, Bendotti, J, Berruti, G, Blanchot, G, Boyer, F, Caratelli, A, Ceresa, D, Christiansen, J, Cichy, K, Daguin, J, Deelen, N, Detraz, S, Deyrail, D, Emriskova, N, Faccio, F, Filenius, A, Frank, N, French, T, Gadek, T, Gajanec, R, Honma, A, Hugo, G, Hulek, W, Casas, L, Kaplon, J, Kloukinas, K, Kornmayer, A, Koss, N, Kottelat, L, Koukola, D, Kovacs, M, Rosa, A, Lenoir, P, Loos, R, Marchioro, A, Marconi, S, Mersi, S, Michelis, S, Martin, C, Onnela, A, Orfanelli, S, Pakulski, T, Perez, A, Gomez, F, Pernot, J, Petagna, P, Piazza, Q, Postema, H, Prousalidi, T, Rico, R, Scarfí, S, Spathopoulos, S, Sroka, S, Tropea, P, Troska, J, Tsirou, A, Vasey, F, Vichoudis, P, Bertl, W, Caminada, L, Deiters, K, Erdmann, W, Horisberger, R, Kaestli, H, Kotlinski, D, Langenegger, U, Meier, B, Rohe, T, Streuli, S, Bachmair, F, Backhaus, M, Becker, R, Berger, P, di Calafiori, D, Djambazov, L, Donega, M, Grab, C, Hits, D, Hoss, J, Lustermann, W, Masciovecchio, M, Meinhard, M, Perovic, V, Perozzi, L, Ristic, B, Roeser, U, Ruini, D, Tavolaro, V, Wallny, R, Zhu, D, Aarrestad, T, Amsler, C, Bösiger, K, Canelli, F, Chiochia, V, Cosa, A, Burgo, R, Galloni, C, Kilminster, B, Leontsinis, S, Maier, R, Rauco, G, Robmann, P, Takahashi, Y, Zucchetta, A, Chen, P, Hou, W, Lu, R, Moya, M, Tsai, J, Burns, D, Clement, E, Cussans, D, Goldstein, J, Nasr-Storey, S, Braga, D, Coughlan, J, Harder, K, Manolopoulos, K, Tomalin, I, Auzinger, G, Bainbridge, R, Borg, J, Hall, G, James, T, Pesaresi, M, Summers, S, Uchida, K, Cole, J, Hoad, C, Hobson, P, Reid, I, Bartek, R, Dominguez, A, Uniyal, R, Altopp, G, Burkle, B, Chen, C, Coubez, X, Duh, Y, Hadley, M, Heintz, U, Hinton, N, Hogan, J, Korotkov, A, Lee, J, Narain, M, Sagir, S, Spencer, E, Syarif, R, Truong, V, Usai, E, Voelker, J, Chertok, M, Conway, J, Funk, G, Jensen, F, Lander, R, Macauda, S, Pellett, D, Thomson, J, Yohay, R, Zhang, F, Hanson, G, Si, W, Gerosa, R, Krutelyov, S, Sharma, V, Yagil, A, Porta, G, Colegrove, O, Dutta, V, Gouskos, L, Incandela, J, Kyre, S, Qu, H, Quinnan, M, White, D, Cumalat, J, Ford, W, Macdonald, E, Perloff, A, Stenson, K, Ulmer, K, Wagner, S, Alexander, J, Cheng, Y, Chu, J, Cranshaw, D, Datta, A, Mcdermott, K, Monroy, J, Padilla, Y, Quach, D, Rinkevicius, A, Ryd, A, Skinnari, L, Soffi, L, Strohman, C, Tao, Z, Thom, J, Tucker, J, Wittich, P, Zientek, M, Apresyan, A, Bakshi, A, Bolla, G, Burkett, K, Butler, J, Canepa, A, Cheung, H, Chramowicz, J, Derylo, G, Ghosh, A, Gingu, C, Gonzalez, H, Grünendahl, S, Hasegawa, S, Hoff, J, Hoh, S, Hu, Z, Jindariani, S, Johnson, M, Lei, C, Lipton, R, Liu, M, Liu, T, Los, S, Matulik, M, Merkel, P, Nahn, S, Olsen, J, Prosser, A, Ravera, F, Ristori, L, Rivera, R, Schneider, B, Spalding, W, Spiegel, L, Timpone, S, Tran, N, Uplegger, L, Vernieri, C, Voirin, E, Weber, H, Berry, D, Chen, X, Dittmer, S, Evdokimov, A, Evdokimov, O, Gerber, C, Hofman, D, Mills, C, Alhusseini, M, Durgut, S, Nachtman, J, Onel, Y, Rude, C, Snyder, C, Yi, K, Eminizer, N, Gritsan, A, Maksimovic, P, Roskes, J, Swartz, M, Xiao, M, Baringer, P, Bean, A, Khalil, S, Kropivnitskaya, A, Majumder, D, Schmitz, E, Wilson, G, Ivanov, A, Mendis, R, Mitchell, T, Modak, A, Taylor, R, Acosta, J, Cremaldi, L, Oliveros, S, Perera, L, Summers, D, Bloom, K, Claes, D, Fangmeier, C, Golf, F, Kravchenko, I, Siado, J, Harrington, C, Iashvili, I, Kharchilava, A, Nguyen, D, Parker, A, Rappoccio, S, Roozbahani, B, Hahn, K, Liu, Y, Sung, K, Alimena, J, Cardwell, B, Francis, B, Hill, C, Malik, S, Norberg, S, Vargas, J, Das, S, Jones, M, Jung, A, Khatiwada, A, Negro, G, Thieman, J, Cheng, T, Dolen, J, Parashar, N, Ecklund, K, Freed, S, Kilpatrick, M, Nussbaum, T, Demina, R, Dulemba, J, Hindrichs, O, Bartz, E, Gandrakotra, A, Gershtein, Y, Halkiadakis, E, Hart, A, Kyriacou, S, Lath, A, Nash, K, Osherson, M, Schnetzer, S, Stone, R, Eusebi, R, D'Angelo, P, Johns, W, Padeken, K, Harr, R, Poudyal, N, Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Austria), Austrian Research Promotion Agency, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Flemish Department of Economy, Science and Innovation (Belgium), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Croatian Science Foundation, Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, Academy of Finland, Ministry of Education and Culture (Finland), German Research Foundation, Higher Education and Research (Germany), Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Germany), Greek Government, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Science and Technology (India), Iranian Government, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, European Commission, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS Tracker Group, Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Sağır, Sinan, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, and Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences
Subjects: Technology, Tracker detector, Computer science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Tracking (particle physics), Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, damage [radiation], 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, upgrade [tracking detector], Front-end electronics for detector readout, Particle tracking detectors, Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors, 0302 clinical medicine, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Instruments & Instrumentation, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, radiation: damage, Large Hadron Collider, CMS, track data analysis, Physics, Detector, Semiconductor detector, Upgrade, Physique des particules élémentaires, LHC, Computer hardware, performance, High energy physics, Experimental particle physics, Particle Physics Experiments, Vector boson scattering, Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments), Supersymmetry, Higgs physics, Particle and resonance production, B physics, Particle correlations and fluctuations, Quarkonium, Elementary Particles and Fields, Beyond Standard Model, Jets, QCD, Top physics, Diboson, Electroweak, CKM matrix, Top quark, Large detector-systems performance, Pattern recognition, 114 Physical sciences, Particle detector, 03 medical and health sciences, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, ddc:610, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], design [integrated circuit], Science & Technology, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, tracking detector: upgrade, trigger, Stub (electronics), Physics and Astronomy, efficiency, integrated circuit: design, electronics: readout, silicon sensor, readout [electronics], business, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Tracker group of the CMS collaboration: et al., A new CMS tracker detector will be installed for operation at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). This detector comprises modules with two closely spaced parallel sensor plates and front-end ASICs capable of transmitting tracking information to the CMS Level-1 (L1) trigger at the 40 MHz beam crossing rate. The inclusion of tracking information in the L1 trigger decision will be essential for selecting events of interest efficiently at the HL-LHC. The CMS Binary Chip (CBC) has been designed to read out and correlate hits from pairs of tracker sensors, forming so-called track stubs. For the first time, a prototype irradiated module and a full-sized module, both equipped with the version 2 of the CBC, have been operated in test beam facilities. The efficiency of the stub finding logic of the modules for various angles of incidence has been studied. The ability of the modules to reject tracks with transverse momentum less than 2 GeV has been demonstrated. For modules built with irradiated sensors, no significant drop in the stub finding performance has been observed. Results from the beam tests are described in this paper., The tracker groups gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CERN; MSE and CSF (Croatia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA K124850, and Bolyai Fellowship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); INFN (Italy); PAEC (Pakistan); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI and FEDER (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.). Individuals have received support from HFRI (Greece)
Published: 2020
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16. Characterization and assembly of near-ultraviolet SiPMs for the Schwarzschild-Couder medium-size telescope proposed for the CTA Observatory

Author: M. Santander, B. Kim, M. Ionica, P. Kaaret, R. Shang, B. Stevenson, Q. Feng, Reshmi Mukherjee, Vladimir Vassiliev, Elisabetta Bissaldi, R. Halliday, A. Boiano, T. B. Humensky, J. Rousselle, N. Otte, J. H. Buckley, A. Gent, M. Valentino, P. Wilcox, Thomas Meures, K. Powell, R. Paoletti, F. R. Pantaleo, B. A. W. Mode, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, M. Caprai, Richard Bose, E. Fiandrini, L. P. Taylor, A. Brill, Carla Aramo, A. Rugliancich, L. Di Venere, G. Ambrosi, M. Bitossi, B. Bertucci, C. E. Covault, L. Stiaccini, Justin Vandenbroucke, A. Petrashyk, Daniela Maria Ribeiro, V. Masone, C. Adams, Nicola Giglietto, Francesco Giordano, G. Hughes, O. Hervet, Luca Tosti, F. Licciulli, Akira Okumura, S. Loporchio, W. Jin, M. Ambrosio, David Kieda, J. Powell, David A. Williams, and V. Vagelli
Subjects: Physics, pixel array, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Pixel, business.industry, NUV-HD, SiPM, Photon detection, Schwarzschild-Couder telescope, law.invention, Telescope, Upgrade, Optics, Cardinal point, Silicon photomultiplier, Observatory, law, business, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: The first prototype of the Schwarzschild Couder Medium Size Telescope (pSCT) proposed for the CTA observatory has been installed in 2018 at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory. The pSCT camera is composed of 25 modules with 64 channels each, covering only a small portion of the full focal plane of the telescope. The Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) has developed and characterized in collaboration with Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) a new generation of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) sensitive to the Near Ultraviolet wavelengths, based on the High Density technology (NUV-HD devices). The latest generation of 6×6 mm2 SiPMs (called NUV-HD3) have been used to equip a subsection of 9 out of 25 modules of the pSCT camera. An upgrade of this camera is foreseen between 2019 and 2020 using the same sensors, aiming to equip the full focal plane with 177 modules, for a total of more than 11000 pixels. We will present a full characterization of the performance of these devices, highlighting why they are suitable for Cherenkov light detection. An overview on the overall behavior of the installed sensors will be also given, providing information on the uniformity of the sensors and of the performance of the camera.
Published: 2019
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17. Response of silicon photomultipliers directly exposed to X-ray fluxes

Author: L. Tosti, Emanuele Fiandrini, Maria Ionica, Leonello Servoli, M. Caprai, G. Ambrosi, and Valerio Vagelli
Subjects: Photon, Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Ionizing radiation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, business, Intensity (heat transfer), Beam (structure)
Abstract: Silicon photomultipliers are commonly used to detect the passage of radiation in matter via the collection of photons produced by the ionizing radiation in converting materials. We investigated the possibility of direct detection of high-intensity X-ray fluxes using the measurement of the current produced by silicon photomultipliers directly exposed to the X-ray beam, in absence of any converter material. We have analyzed the response of different devices directly exposed to the radiation produced by an X-ray tube. The signal-to-noise ratio of the response confirms that the current produced during the irradiation provides information on the X-ray flux intensity. We parametrize the current response of SiPM devices as function of the X-ray flux intensity. We verify that the parametrization is accurate down to the % level and we study the linearity of the response to investigate the prospects for possible applications in real-time X-ray beam monitoring and beam spatial profiling.
Published: 2019
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18. Characterization and development of NUV SiPMs for INFN optical modules for the SCT Medium Size Telescope proposed for the CTA Observatory

Author: V. Masone, C. Bonavolontà, M. Valentino, Maria Ionica, Elisabetta Bissaldi, A. Boiano, L. Di Venere, G. Ambrosi, F. Liciulli, Nicola Giglietto, E. Fiandrini, Valerio Vagelli, Carla Aramo, M. Ambrosio, Francesco Giordano, L. Stiaccini, M. Mongelli, L. Tosti, Andrea Rugliancich, R. Paoletti, M. Bitossri, Bruna Bertucci, M. Caprai, F. R. Pantaleo, and S. Loporchio
Subjects: Physics, Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Pixel, business.industry, Silicon Photomultipliers, law.invention, Telescope, Cardinal point, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, Application-specific integrated circuit, Observatory, law, business, Camera module
Abstract: The third generation of Near Ultraviolet High Density (NUV-HD3) Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) produced by Fondazione Bruno Kessler in collaboration with Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) have been tested and characterized in INFN laboratories. Arrays of 16 pixels have been assembled to equip the focal plane of the prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Medium Size Telescope (pSCT) proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory. Each camera module is composed by 4 matrices of 16-pixel optical units coupled with TARGET-7 ASIC front-end electronics for signal amplification and digitization. A total of 9 modules have been successfully integrated on the pSCT camera and are currently taking data. In this contribution we provide a summary of the performances of the HD3 technology as measured in the INFN laboratories. We also report on the laboratory tests performed on the assembled optical units, showing their performances and homogeneity in terms of gain, signal-to-noise ratio and dark count rate.
Published: 2019
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19. Status of the development of NUV SiPMs for INFN optical modules for the SCT medium sized telescope proposed for the CTA observatory

Author: Nicola Giglietto, D. Riberio, M. Ambrosio, L. Stiaccini, K. Powell, Marcos Santander, J. Rouselle, V. Masone, Maria Ionica, B. Stevenson, Thomas Meures, W. Jin, B. Kim, Corbin Covault, L. Di Venere, L. Tosti, Olivier Hervet, M. Valentino, F. R. Pantaleo, M. Bitossi, Wystan Benbow, J. H. Buckley, C. Bonavolontà, S. Loporchio, Elisabetta Bissaldi, C. Adams, P. Kaaret, A. Petrashyk, G. Hughes, A. Brill, David A. Williams, R. Halliday, Akira Okumura, Riccardo Paoletti, B. Bertucci, Alasdair E. Gent, David Kieda, Vladimir Vassiliev, Carla Aramo, G. Ambrosi, R. Mukherjeek, L. P. Taylor, E. Fiandrini, Francesco Giordano, R. Shang, M. Caprai, Q. Feng, Richard Bose, A. Boiano, T. B. Humensky, V. Vagelli, B. A. W. Mode, Andrea Rugliancich, P. Wilcox, F. Licciulli, Cta pSCT, Justin Vandenbroucke, N. Otte, and J. Powell
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, SiPM, Photodetector, Cherenkov telescopes, Cherenkov Telescope Array, 01 natural sciences, Photo detectors, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Cardinal point, Silicon photomultiplier, Application-specific integrated circuit, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Electronics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation
Abstract: Near UltraViolet High Density (NUV-HD) SiPMs produced by Fondazione Bruno Kessler in collaboration with INFN have been tested and characterized in INFN laboratories. The third generation of these devices (HD3) has proven to be suitable to equip the focal plane of the prototype Schwarzschild–Couder Medium Size Telescope (pSCT) proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory. Photosensors have been assembled in 4 16-pixel optical units coupled with TARGET–7 ASIC front-end electronics for amplification and digitization of the signal. At present, 9 modules have been successfully integrated on the pSCT camera and are currently taking data. In this contribution we report on the performances of the HD3 technology as single sensor and as assembled optical units, showing their performance and homogeneity in terms of gain and dark count rate.
Published: 2020
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20. Direct detection of long-duration intense X-ray fluxes with SiPM

Author: L. Tosti, M. Caprai, L. Servoli, V. Vagelli, E. Fiandrini, G. Ambrosi, and M. Ionica
Subjects: Thesaurus (information retrieval), Materials science, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, business.industry, business, Instrumentation, Short duration, Mathematical Physics
Published: 2020
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21. The DAQ and control system for the CMS Phase-1 pixel detector upgrade

Author: G. Schwering, Jordan Tucker, L. M. Cremaldi, Claudio Caputo, A. Stahl, Florencia Canelli, C. Mills, Reza Goldouzian, Yangyang Cheng, S. Sroka, G. Mazza, T. Barvich, Alessio Magitteri, G. Altopp, M. S. Meyer, Mia Tosi, Pirmin Berger, Tommaso Dorigo, Sandra Malvezzi, Renato Potenza, Guenter Eckerlin, Andrew Ivanov, Alberto Zucchetta, Marta Baselga, Stephane Perries, Stephen Robert Wagner, Paula Eerola, S. Sarkar, Ivan Reid, Christine Mclean, Anastasia Grebenyuk, A. De Cosa, Hannes Sakulin, Tilman Rohe, Jasper Lauwers, Matej Roguljic, P. Steck, Devdatta Majumder, C. Jain, G. Fluegge, E. Silva Jimenez, Ijaz Ahmed, Konstantin Androsov, Marino Missiroli, Dmitry Hits, Tuure Tuuva, Margaret Zientek, Matthias Schröder, A. Rossi, Nicolas Röwert, Kevin Burkett, O. Colegrove, L. Charles, G. De Lentdecker, Dominique Gigi, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Jennifer Chu, Andrea Rodriguez Perez, Doris Eckstein, Lorenzo Uplegger, Jan Hoss, R. Maier, Christian Autermann, Kenneth Bloom, Claus Kleinwort, P. Tropea, Th. Müller, Andreas Mussgiller, Valerio Bertacchi, Stefano Michelis, Riccardo Bellan, S. Orfanelli, F. Raffaelli, D. Di Croce, Gianluca Traversi, R. Loos, L. Kottelat, Mujahid Abbas, Seth Moortgat, L. Perera, Andrew Parker, Bugra Bilin, Petra Merkel, De Hua Zhu, Robert Stone, Fengwangdong Zhang, Hannsjoerg Artur Weber, Gordon H. Hanson, Remigius K. Mommsen, Andrey Ostapchuk, David Vannerom, Jeffrey Roskes, Brian Francis, Kevin Nash, Gourab Saha, Valentina Dutta, S. Los, K. Pena, Alexander Dierlamm, Kevin Stenson, Claude Amsler, Laurent Favart, S. Krutelyov, Martin Lipinski, Peter R Hobson, L. Ardila, Ennio Monteil, Nicolas Tonon, Yang Yang, Wolfgang Adam, Andreas Kornmayer, Daniele Pedrini, W. Beaumont, Konrad Deiters, Raffaele Gerosa, N. Koss, Alberto Messineo, T. Balázs, Panja-Riina Luukka, Giuseppe Barbagli, Scarlet Norberg, Carlo Civinini, Oliver Pooth, Ulrich Goerlach, Joze Zobec, Steve Nahn, Marco Meschini, James Rohlf, F. Boyer, Federico Faccio, Andrei Gritsan, Valerio Re, Andreas Hinzmann, Valery Zhukov, Yi-ting Duh, H. Maser, Daniel Pitzl, L. Perozzi, Nikkie Deelen, R. Jaramillo Echeverria, D. Koukola, Nicholas Eminizer, Satoshi Hasegawa, Mark Pesaresi, C. Gingu, Lorenzo Bianchini, S. Streuli, F. Hartmann, Po-Hsun Chen, Johannes Schulz, Giorgio Maggi, P. Vichoudis, Stefan Grünendahl, Joaquin Emilo Siado, B. Nodari, Mauro Menichelli, Tamás Álmos Vámi, Guido Tonelli, Stefano Mersi, Ricardo Eusebi, Merve Ince, Maurizio Biasini, Georg Steinbrück, Paolo Gunnellini, Barbara Clerbaux, J. De Clercq, Mykyta Haranko, Gaia Maria Berruti, Piergiulio Lenzi, André Holzner, Irene Zoi, Andreas Werner Jung, Luciano Orsini, Luca Pacher, Daniele Ruini, Michael Wassmer, J. Thieman, Wolfram Erdmann, A. Rinkevicius, D. White, Paolo Petagna, A. Yagil, Sinan Sagir, G. Pierschel, Roland Horisberger, Aaron Dominguez, L. M. Jara Casas, Elisa Manoni, Cristina Tuve, Alexander Pauls, D. E. Pellett, J. Chramowicz, Ryan Rivera, A. Weddigen, Rachel Bartek, Salvatore My, Asit Ranjan Ghosh, Graham Wilson, N. Skhirladze, Johannes Haller, Garrett Funk, Anadi Canepa, Michael Wlochal, Dario Menasce, Melanie Eich, Christian Dziwok, S. Mallows, Emyr Clement, Mario Masciovecchio, R. Bhattacharya, Simranjit Singh Chhibra, S. Bizzaglia, P. Cariola, D. Moya, S. Macauda, Ulrich Husemann, R. Beccherle, W. Karimeh, James Dolen, Huilin Qu, Roberto Dell'Orso, Olivier Bondu, Freya Blekman, Viktor Veszpremi, Zeynep Demiragli, G. De Robertis, Petar Maksimovic, J. F. Pernot, Sudhir Malik, Rizki Syarif, Ia Iashvili, Nicolas Chanon, Douglas Berry, G. Bagliesi, G. Dellacasa, H. Gonzalez, Cecilia Elena Gerber, C. Nieto Martin, Sébastien Viret, Ettore Focardi, O. Reichelt, P. Buhmann, Thomas Blank, V. Hinger, Ashutosh Bhardwaj, Jeremy Andrea, Frank Golf, Fabrizio Palla, E. Hazen, Paolo Dini, Fabio Ravera, Maren Tabea Meinhard, Maria Agnese Ciocci, Fabrizio Ferro, Geoffrey Hall, Marko Dragicevic, A. Benecke, Stefanos Leontsinis, Chayanit Asawatangtrakuldee, E. Scarlini, M. Brianzi, Rudy Ceccarelli, P. Lenoir, Benedikt Vormwald, J. N. Butler, Dinko Ferencek, Christophe Delaere, Eva Halkiadakis, L. Paspalaki, Frank Glege, Mário Costa, L. Farnesini, Andrea Venturi, Rino Castaldi, M. Mongelli, Christopher Hill, Ernesto Migliore, Hans-Jürgen Simonis, Pascal Vanlaer, Z. Song, Karl Matthew Ecklund, A. Froehlich, E. Albert, Giacomo Sguazzoni, Dustin Burns, A. Starodumov, Zhengcheng Tao, J. O. Gosewisch, D. di Calafiori, Diego Beghin, W. T. Ford, M. A. Saizu, Luca Guzzi, Joanne Cole, Daniel Bloch, Vivek Sharma, A. Rizzi, Maral Alyari, T. Prousalidi, Elisabetta Manca, Kostas Kloukinas, Y. Allard, Luigi Moroni, U. Roeser, Yanwen Liu, M. Vander Donckt, Souvik Das, Jaana Kristiina Heikkilä, Savvas Kyriacou, Mauro Donegà, Christoph Grab, Daniele Passeri, P. Assiouras, Kevin Mcdermott, V. Kutzner, Vasilije Perovic, Thomas James, Urs Langenegger, M. Miñano Moya, E. Curras Rivera, Vincenzo Chiochia, Antonio Cassese, B. Checcucci, Maria Ionica, Livia Soffi, A. Prosser, E. Dangelser, Konstantinos Manolopoulos, C. Hoad, Erik Brücken, Jan Troska, Robert Bainbridge, Ada Solano, K. Bösiger, Ali Harb, M. Jones, Jose Monroy, T. Nussbaum, Weinan Si, Gaelle Boudoul, Eija Tuominen, Y. Nissan, K. El Morabit, Camilla Galloni, Alice Bean, M. Vidal Marono, W. Bertl, Julia Thom, J. E. Ramirez Vargas, M. Krauth, Loriano Storchi, Alessia Tricomi, H. Biskop, C. Barth, Inna Makarenko, A. L. Virto, Amandeep Kaur Kalsi, Leonard Spiegel, Louis Moureaux, Michele Caselle, Kirti Ranjan, Jesper Roy Christiansen, Daniele Spiga, Stephane Detraz, Lea Caminada, Rong-Shyang Lu, Neeti Parashar, Laura Martikainen, Sebastiano Albergo, Kirika Uchida, P. Van Mechelen, Otto Hindrichs, Vitaliano Ciulli, Ian R Tomalin, Natalia Emriskova, Robert Klanner, Malte Backhaus, Kristian Allan Hahn, J. Voelker, Johan Borg, C. Chen, J. Alexander, G. M. Bilei, Benjamin Kilminster, R. Gajanec, Harry Cheung, Peter Schleper, Keith Ulmer, D. R. Claes, Giovanna Selvaggi, Anders Ryd, A. Bakshi, Andrew Hart, Demetrios Loukas, Erik Butz, Giulia Negro, J. Conway, V. Truong, G. Derylo, Vincent Lemaitre, Caroline Elisabeth Niniane Niemeyer, Tongguang Cheng, Thomas Schuh, Giacomo Fedi, A. Evdokimov, David Jonathan Hofman, Atanu Modak, Matthias Balzer, Pisana Placidi, M. Caprai, Davide Zuolo, J. Schwandt, O. Rieger, Salvatore Costa, W. S. Hou, S. Schael, P. Schuetze, Guillaume Bourgatte, S.N. Khalil, Roberto Leonardi, Xin Chen, J. Thomson, Susan Dittmer, Georgios Daskalakis, G. Blanchot, Jorgen D'Hondt, Marvin Johnson, Tim Ziemons, T. Mitchell, Hans-Christian Kaestli, S. Marconi, G. Baldinelli, Valentina Mariani, Georgios Anagnostou, Melody A. Swartz, Saša Ceci, Maxwell Chertok, Danek Kotlinski, Waclaw Karpinski, P. Dené, Pieter David, Denis Gelé, J. Duarte Campderros, R. L. Lander, W. Deng, J. Bendotti, Juska Pekkanen, Mauro Emanuele Dinardo, K. Cichy, Marius Preuten, Rainer Wallny, Luigi Gaioni, Olga Evdokimov, Livio Fanò, Quentin Python, Joe Incandela, S. Timpone, R. Puente Rico, Giuseppe Latino, Matthew Kilpatrick, Roberto Covarelli, Duong Nguyen, Jane Nachtman, Alessandro Giassi, Süleyman Durgut, M. Matysek, Piero Giorgio Verdini, Francesco Brivio, Nicolas Postiau, M. Aldaya, S. Martiradonna, H. Postema, Yasar Onel, Y. Bordlemay Padilla, E. Mazzoni, F. De Canio, Luigi Fiore, Rishabh Uniyal, Emily MacDonald, Maximilian Knut Kiesel, William J Spalding, Ajeeta Khatiwada, Danilo Meuser, Andrea Giammanco, Massimo Manghisoni, D. Simelevicius, Laurent Thomas, Giacomo Bruno, M. Mrowietz, Georg Auzinger, Philip Baringer, Enrico Robutti, Meenakshi Narain, R. Mendis, Hugues Brun, Angelo Rivetti, M. P. Rauch, Pietro Vischia, Kai Yi, Thomas Eichhorn, D. Deyrail, Roberto Tenchini, W. E. Johns, Yuri Gershtein, Eric Christian Chabert, Juliette Alimena, A. Basti, Marc Osherson, A. Korotkov, Alexandra Tews, Ivan Shvetsov, F.J. Gonzalez Sanchez, G. Hugo, Paolo Azzurri, Meng Xiao, L. Ratti, A. Di Mattia, Vittorio Raoul Tavolaro, Q. Piazza, Laurent Mirabito, Steven Lowette, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, Dennis Schwarz, L. Djambazov, W. Hulek, C. Rude, Ivan Vila, Miaoyuan Liu, John Perry Cumalat, A. La Rosa, Katja Klein, Samim Erhan, Alexx Perloff, Thomas Bergauer, Andrey Popov, James Keaveney, Bryan Cardwell, Donato Creanza, J. F. Tsai, Marius Metzler, N. Van Remortel, Marc Dobson, Attila Racz, Jonathan Fulcher, Felix Bachmair, Marius Teroerde, R. Frühwirth, Erica Brondolin, P. Zejdl, Mary Hadley, C. Bonnin, Roberto Ciaranfi, J. Kaplon, C. Strohman, D. J. Summers, E. Riceputi, W. De Boer, R. Del Burgo, Roberto Mulargia, T. Boccali, S. Spathopoulos, Joel Goldstein, David Cussans, Avto Kharchilava, Simone Gennai, Tapio Lampén, F. Bianchi, Alessandro Caratelli, Natale Demaria, P. D'Angelo, Werner Lustermann, Andromachi Tsirou, Richard B. Lipton, Georgios Krintiras, Lorenzo Viliani, Elisabetta Gallo, Arianna Morozzi, Jory Sonneveld, Mykola Savitskyi, F. Perez Gomez, Yuta Takahashi, Andreas Nürnberg, Emilio Meschi, Sioni Summers, Erich Schmitz, C. Muhl, Lutz Feld, G. Baulieu, T. Dupasquier, Thea Klaeboe Aarrestad, Haiyan Wang, J. Lee, Quan Wang, Claudia Cecchi, J. Hoff, C. M. Lei, Giorgia Rauco, Kristian Harder, Nicola Pozzobon, Eric Spencer, Steve Schnetzer, Klaas Padeken, T. French, L. Gross, M. De Palma, Francesco Moscatelli, Sarah Freed, A. Remigiusz Labaza, D. Ciangottini, F. Palmonari, Sandra Oliveros, Leonardo Giannini, S. Kyre, Roland Koppenhöfer, Melissa Quinnan, J. Wellhausen, Richard J. K. Taylor, J. Daguin, S. Roy Chowdhury, T. Susa, E. Voirin, Kirill Skovpen, Simone Paoletti, Suchandra Dutta, Giulio Mandorli, M. Matulik, Simone Scarfi, Dario Bisello, Peter Robmann, N. Hinton, R. Walsh, L. Caponetto, Kevin Sung, Vuko Brigljevic, Lucia Silvestris, M. Hansen, A. Zuber, Franco Ligabue, Louise Skinnari, D. Ceresa, Bora Akgun, H. Steininger, Hugo Delannoy, Frank Jensen, Beat H. Meier, Francesco Fiori, A. Paterno, Jane Coughlan, Branislav Ristic, Regina Demina, J. L. Dulemba, M. Fernandez, P. Van Mulders, E. SØrensen Bols, Oliver Sander, Anna Kropivnitskaya, M. Alhusseini, Aliakbar Ebrahimi, Emanuele Usai, A. Moggi, Torben Lange, B. Engegaard, Gino Bolla, Peter Wittich, Erika Garutti, Ilya Kravchenko, Jeroen Hegeman, Maria Teresa Grippo, E. Bartz, F. Bögelspacher, Dan Quach, M. Neufeld, Giancarlo Mantovani, S. Seif El Nasr-storey, A. Onnela, N. Lumb, J. Hosselet, Patrizia Azzi, Nicola Bacchetta, G. Galbit, Geetika Jain, S. Cerchi, Caleb Fangmeier, Frédéric Robert, Martin Delcourt, Frans Meijers, Julie Managan Hogan, John Gabriel Acosta, Laura Borrello, Filippo Bosi, F. Loddo, R. Stever, Jean-Laurent Agram, Steven F. Maier, Aristotelis Kyriakis, D. Schell, Adrian Perieanu, Ferenc Sikler, Christina Snyder, Jean-Marie Brom, Xavier Coubez, Ivan Marchesini, A. K. Honma, Salvatore Rappoccio, Loukas Gouskos, Basil Schneider, Xavier Janssen, Abhisek Datta, A. Di Salvo, N. Frank, Moritz Guthoff, Rachel Yohay, Guido Magazzu, C. Turrioni, T. Pakulski, M. Kovacs, Gregor Kasieczka, Alessia Saggio, N. Szilasi, Paolo Spagnolo, Derek James Cranshaw, Attilio Santocchia, Lorenzo Russo, R. Mankel, Patrick Asenov, M. Weber, Gervasio Gomez, A. Gandrakotra, Fabio Morsani, Finn Feindt, R. Becker, Duccio Abbaneo, Amitabh Lath, Simon Kudella, A. Marchioro, Francois Vasey, Ulrich Heintz, Bjorn Burkle, A. Filenius, Didier Contardo, Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Eija Tuominen / Principal Investigator, Adam, W, Bergauer, T, Blöch, D, Brondolin, E, Dragicevic, M, Frühwirth, R, Hinger, V, Steininger, H, Beaumont, W, Croce, D, Janssen, X, Lauwers, J, Mechelen, P, Remortel, N, Blekman, F, Chhibra, S, Clercq, J, D'Hondt, J, Lowette, S, Marchesini, I, Moortgat, S, Python, Q, Skovpen, K, Bols, E, Mulders, P, Allard, Y, Beghin, D, Bilin, B, Brun, H, Clerbaux, B, Lentdecker, G, Delannoy, H, Deng, W, Favart, L, Goldouzian, R, Grebenyuk, A, Kalsi, A, Makarenko, I, Moureaux, L, Popov, A, Postiau, N, Robert, F, Song, Z, Thomas, L, Vanlaer, P, Vannerom, D, Wang, Q, Wang, H, Yang, Y, Bondu, O, Bruno, G, Caputo, C, David, P, Delaere, C, Delcourt, M, Giammanco, A, Krintiras, G, Lemaitre, V, Magitteri, A, Piotrzkowski, K, Saggio, A, Szilasi, N, Marono, M, Vischia, P, Zobec, J, Brigljević, V, Ceci, S, Ferenček, D, Roguljić, M, Starodumov, A, Šuša, T, Eerola, P, Heikkilä, J, Brücken, E, Lampén, T, Luukka, P, Martikainen, L, Tuominen, E, Tuuva, T, Agram, J, Andrea, J, Bloch, D, Bonnin, C, Bourgatte, G, Brom, J, Chabert, E, Charles, L, Dangelser, E, Gelé, D, Goerlach, U, Gross, L, Hosselet, J, Krauth, M, Tonon, N, Baulieu, G, Boudoul, G, Caponetto, L, Chanon, N, Contardo, D, Dené, P, Dupasquier, T, Galbit, G, Lumb, N, Mirabito, L, Nodari, B, Perries, S, Donckt, M, Viret, S, Autermann, C, Feld, L, Karpinski, W, Kiesel, M, Klein, K, Lipinski, M, Meuser, D, Ostapchuk, A, Pauls, A, Pierschel, G, Preuten, M, Rauch, M, Röwert, N, Schael, S, Schulz, J, Schwering, G, Teroerde, M, Wlochal, M, Zhukov, V, Dziwok, C, Fluegge, G, Müller, T, Pooth, O, Stahl, A, Ziemons, T, Aldaya, M, Asawatangtrakuldee, C, Eckerlin, G, Eckstein, D, Eichhorn, T, Gallo, E, Guthoff, M, Haranko, M, Harb, A, Keaveney, J, Kleinwort, C, Mankel, R, Maser, H, Meyer, M, Missiroli, M, Muhl, C, Mussgiller, A, Pitzl, D, Reichelt, O, Savitskyi, M, Schuetze, P, Stever, R, Walsh, R, Zuber, A, Benecke, A, Biskop, H, Buhmann, P, Ebrahimi, A, Eich, M, Feindt, F, Froehlich, A, Garutti, E, Gunnellini, P, Haller, J, Hinzmann, A, Kasieczka, G, Klanner, R, Kutzner, V, Lange, T, Matysek, M, Mrowietz, M, Niemeyer, C, Nissan, Y, Pena, K, Perieanu, A, Rieger, O, Schleper, P, Schwandt, J, Schwarz, D, Sonneveld, J, Steinbrück, G, Tews, A, Vormwald, B, Wellhausen, J, Zoi, I, Abbas, M, Ardila, L, Balzer, M, Barth, C, Barvich, T, Baselga, M, Blank, T, Bögelspacher, F, Butz, E, Caselle, M, Boer, W, Dierlamm, A, Morabit, K, Gosewisch, J, Hartmann, F, Husemann, U, Koppenhöfer, R, Kudella, S, Maier, S, Mallows, S, Metzler, M, Muller, T, Neufeld, M, Nürnberg, A, Sander, O, Schell, D, Schröder, M, Schuh, T, Shvetsov, I, Simonis, H, Steck, P, Wassmer, M, Weber, M, Weddigen, A, Anagnostou, G, Asenov, P, Assiouras, P, Daskalakis, G, Kyriakis, A, Loukas, D, Paspalaki, L, Balázs, T, Siklér, F, Vámi, T, Veszprémi, V, Bhardwaj, A, Jain, C, Jain, G, Ranjan, K, Bhattacharya, R, Dutta, S, Chowdhury, S, Saha, G, Sarkar, S, Cariola, P, Creanza, D, de Palma, M, Robertis, G, Fiore, L, Ince, M, Loddo, F, Maggi, G, Martiradonna, S, Mongelli, M, My, S, Selvaggi, G, Silvestris, L, Albergo, S, Costa, S, Mattia, A, Potenza, R, Saizu, M, Tricomi, A, Tuve, C, Barbagli, G, Brianzi, M, Cassese, A, Ceccarelli, R, Ciaranfi, R, Ciulli, V, Civinini, C, D'Alessandro, R, Focardi, E, Latino, G, Lenzi, P, Meschini, M, Paoletti, S, Russo, L, Scarlini, E, Sguazzoni, G, Viliani, L, Cerchi, S, Ferro, F, Mulargia, R, Robutti, E, Brivio, F, Dinardo, M, Dini, P, Gennai, S, Guzzi, L, Malvezzi, S, Menasce, D, Moroni, L, Pedrini, D, Zuolo, D, Azzi, P, Bacchetta, N, Bisello, D, Dorigo, T, Pozzobon, N, Tosi, M, Canio, F, Gaioni, L, Manghisoni, M, Ratti, L, Re, V, Riceputi, E, Traversi, G, Baldinelli, G, Bianchi, F, Biasini, M, Bilei, G, Bizzaglia, S, Caprai, M, Cecchi, C, Checcucci, B, Ciangottini, D, Fanò, L, Farnesini, L, Ionica, M, Leonardi, R, Manoni, E, Mantovani, G, Mariani, V, Menichelli, M, Morozzi, A, Moscatelli, F, Passeri, D, Placidi, P, Rossi, A, Santocchia, A, Spiga, D, Storchi, L, Turrioni, C, Androsov, K, Azzurri, P, Bagliesi, G, Basti, A, Beccherle, R, Bertacchi, V, Bianchini, L, Boccali, T, Borrello, L, Bosi, F, Castaldi, R, Ciocci, M, Dell'Orso, R, Fedi, G, Fiori, F, Giannini, L, Giassi, A, Grippo, M, Ligabue, F, Magazzu, G, Manca, E, Mandorli, G, Mazzoni, E, Messineo, A, Moggi, A, Morsani, F, Palla, F, Palmonari, F, Raffaelli, F, Rizzi, A, Spagnolo, P, Tenchini, R, Tonelli, G, Venturi, A, Verdini, P, Bellan, R, Costa, M, Covarelli, R, Dellacasa, G, Demaria, N, Salvo, A, Mazza, G, Migliore, E, Monteil, E, Pacher, L, Paterno, A, Rivetti, A, Solano, A, Simelevicius, D, Rivera, E, Campderros, J, Fernandez, M, Gomez, G, Sanchez, F, Echeverria, R, Moya, D, Jimenez, E, Vila, I, Virto, A, Abbaneo, D, Ahmed, I, Akgun, B, Albert, E, Auzinger, G, Bendotti, J, Berruti, G, Blanchot, G, Boyer, F, Caratelli, A, Ceresa, D, Christiansen, J, Cichy, K, Daguin, J, Deelen, N, Detraz, S, Deyrail, D, Dobson, M, Emriskova, N, Engegaard, B, Faccio, F, Filenius, A, Frank, N, French, T, Fulcher, J, Gajanec, R, Gigi, D, Glege, F, Hansen, M, Hegeman, J, Honma, A, Hugo, G, Hulek, W, Casas, L, Kaplon, J, Kloukinas, K, Kornmayer, A, Koss, N, Kottelat, L, Koukola, D, Kovacs, M, Rosa, A, Lenoir, P, Loos, R, Marchioro, A, Marconi, S, Meijers, F, Mersi, S, Meschi, E, Michelis, S, Martin, C, Onnela, A, Orfanelli, S, Orsini, L, Pakulski, T, Perez, A, Gomez, F, Pernot, J, Petagna, P, Piazza, Q, Postema, H, Prousalidi, T, Rico, R, Racz, A, Labaza, A, Sakulin, H, Scarfí, S, Spathopoulos, S, Sroka, S, Tropea, P, Troska, J, Tsirou, A, Vasey, F, Vichoudis, P, Bertl, W, Caminada, L, Deiters, K, Erdmann, W, Horisberger, R, Kaestli, H, Kotlinski, D, Langenegger, U, Meier, B, Rohe, T, Streuli, S, Bachmair, F, Backhaus, M, Becker, R, Berger, P, di Calafiori, D, Djambazov, L, Donega, M, Grab, C, Hits, D, Hoss, J, Lustermann, W, Masciovecchio, M, Meinhard, M, Perovic, V, Perozzi, L, Ristic, B, Roeser, U, Ruini, D, Tavolaro, V, Wallny, R, Zhu, D, Aarrestad, T, Amsler, C, Bösiger, K, Canelli, F, Chiochia, V, Cosa, A, Burgo, R, Galloni, C, Kilminster, B, Leontsinis, S, Maier, R, Rauco, G, Robmann, P, Takahashi, Y, Zucchetta, A, Chen, P, Hou, W, Lu, R, Moya, M, Tsai, J, Burns, D, Clement, E, Cussans, D, Goldstein, J, Nasr-Storey, S, Coughlan, J, Harder, K, Manolopoulos, K, Tomalin, I, Bainbridge, R, Borg, J, Hall, G, James, T, Pesaresi, M, Summers, S, Uchida, K, Cole, J, Hoad, C, Hobson, P, Reid, I, Bartek, R, Dominguez, A, Uniyal, R, Demiragli, Z, Hazen, E, Rohlf, J, Altopp, G, Burkle, B, Chen, C, Coubez, X, Duh, Y, Hadley, M, Heintz, U, Hinton, N, Hogan, J, Korotkov, A, Lee, J, Narain, M, Sagir, S, Spencer, E, Syarif, R, Truong, V, Usai, E, Voelker, J, Chertok, M, Conway, J, Funk, G, Jensen, F, Lander, R, Macauda, S, Pellett, D, Thomson, J, Yohay, R, Zhang, F, Erhan, S, Hanson, G, Si, W, Gerosa, R, Holzner, A, Krutelyov, S, Sharma, V, Yagil, A, Colegrove, O, Dutta, V, Gouskos, L, Incandela, J, Kyre, S, Qu, H, Quinnan, M, White, D, Cumalat, J, Ford, W, Macdonald, E, Perloff, A, Stenson, K, Ulmer, K, Wagner, S, Alexander, J, Cheng, Y, Chu, J, Cranshaw, D, Datta, A, Mcdermott, K, Monroy, J, Padilla, Y, Quach, D, Rinkevicius, A, Ryd, A, Skinnari, L, Soffi, L, Strohman, C, Tao, Z, Thom, J, Tucker, J, Wittich, P, Zientek, M, Alyari, M, Bakshi, A, Bolla, G, Burkett, K, Butler, J, Canepa, A, Cheung, H, Chramowicz, J, Derylo, G, Ghosh, A, Gingu, C, Gonzalez, H, Grünendahl, S, Hasegawa, S, Hoff, J, Johnson, M, Lei, C, Lipton, R, Liu, M, Los, S, Matulik, M, Merkel, P, Mommsen, R, Nahn, S, Prosser, A, Ravera, F, Rivera, R, Schneider, B, Spalding, W, Spiegel, L, Timpone, S, Uplegger, L, Voirin, E, Weber, H, Zejdl, P, Berry, D, Chen, X, Dittmer, S, Evdokimov, A, Evdokimov, O, Gerber, C, Hofman, D, Mills, C, Alhusseini, M, Durgut, S, Nachtman, J, Onel, Y, Rude, C, Snyder, C, Yi, K, Eminizer, N, Gritsan, A, Maksimovic, P, Roskes, J, Swartz, M, Xiao, M, Baringer, P, Bean, A, Khalil, S, Kropivnitskaya, A, Majumder, D, Schmitz, E, Wilson, G, Ivanov, A, Mendis, R, Mitchell, T, Modak, A, Skhirladze, N, Taylor, R, Acosta, J, Cremaldi, L, Oliveros, S, Perera, L, Summers, D, Bloom, K, Claes, D, Fangmeier, C, Golf, F, Kravchenko, I, Siado, J, Iashvili, I, Kharchilava, A, Mclean, C, Nguyen, D, Parker, A, Pekkanen, J, Rappoccio, S, Hahn, K, Liu, Y, Sung, K, Alimena, J, Cardwell, B, Francis, B, Hill, C, Malik, S, Norberg, S, Vargas, J, Das, S, Jones, M, Jung, A, Khatiwada, A, Negro, G, Thieman, J, Cheng, T, Dolen, J, Parashar, N, Ecklund, K, Freed, S, Kilpatrick, M, Nussbaum, T, Demina, R, Dulemba, J, Hindrichs, O, Bartz, E, Gandrakotra, A, Gershtein, Y, Halkiadakis, E, Hart, A, Kyriacou, S, Lath, A, Nash, K, Osherson, M, Schnetzer, S, Stone, R, Eusebi, R, D'Angelo, P, Johns, W, Padeken, K, Karimeh, W, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CMS, CMS Collaboration, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and Sağır, Sinan
Subjects: Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitoring and slow-control systems, architecture, hardware, algorithms, databases), Computer science, data acquisition, Controller (computing), Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Data acquisition, hardware, Modular electronics, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, CMS, 213 Electronic, automation and communications engineering, electronics, Physics, Detector, integrated circuit, upgrade [detector], detector: upgrade, Upgrade, Advanced Mezzanine Card, Physique des particules élémentaires, design [electronics], control system, databases), Computer hardware, performance, Data acquisition concepts, Optical detector readout concepts, architecture, Integration testing, algorithms, programming, Particle detector, 03 medical and health sciences, semiconductor detector: pixel, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], ddc:610, Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitor-ing and slow-control systems, pixel [semiconductor detector], Detector control systems, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitoring and slow-control systems, READOUT, Physics and Astronomy, Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitor-ing and slow-control systems, architecture, hardware, algorithms, databases), Physics, LHC, CMS, DAQ, DCS, Pixel detector, electronics: readout, High energy physics, Experimental particle physics, LHC, Beyond two generations, Excited top quark, Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments), Supersymmetry, Beyond Standard Model, Lepton production, business, readout [electronics], electronics: design
Abstract: In 2017 a new pixel detector was installed in the CMS detector. This so-called Phase-1 pixel detector features four barrel layers in the central region and three disks per end in the forward regions. The upgraded pixel detector requires an upgraded data acquisition (DAQ) system to accept a new data format and larger event sizes. A new DAQ and control system has been developed based on a combination of custom and commercial microTCA parts. Custom mezzanine cards on standard carrier cards provide a front-end driver for readout, and two types of front-end controller for configuration and the distribution of clock and trigger signals. Before the installation of the detector the DAQ system underwent a series of integration tests, including readout of the pilot pixel detector, which was constructed with prototype Phase-1 electronics and operated in CMS from 2015 to 2016, quality assurance of the CMS Phase-1 detector during its assembly, and testing with the CMS Central DAQ. This paper describes the Phase-1 pixel DAQ and control system, along with the integration tests and results. A description of the operational experience and performance in data taking is included., 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2019
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22. A charge reconstruction algorithm for DAMPE silicon microstrip detectors

Author: P. Azzarello, S. Garrappa, Yaqing Liu, M. Pohl, A. Nardinocchi, Yi-Fan Dong, F. Gargano, Wenxi Peng, Maria Ionica, Min Gao, G. Marsella, M. Domenjoz, F. Loparco, Andrii Tykhonov, Ruirui Fan, Jiawei Yang, Di Wu, P. Fusco, Hao Zhao, Marc Weber, Xingzhu Cui, C. Husi, J. Z. Wang, Huanyu Wang, Guang-Qi Dai, M. Duranti, V. Gallo, Mn Mazziotta, D. La Marra, R. Asfandiyarov, G. Ambrosi, Franck Cadoux, S. Vitillo, V. Postolache, Paolo Bernardini, G. Pelleriti, Dongya Guo, Rui Qiao, M. Caprai, Fei Zhang, Xin Wu, A. Bolognini, Xiaohua Liang, Ke Gong, Bruna Bertucci, L. Nicola, I. De Mitri, A. Surdo, Qiao, R., Peng, W. -X., Ambrosi, G., Asfandiyarov, R., Azzarello, P., Bernardini, P., Bertucci, B., Bolognini, A., Cadoux, F., Caprai, M., Cui, X. -Z., Dai, G. -Q., Domenjoz, M., Dong, Y. -F., Duranti, M., Fan, R. -R., Fusco, P., Gallo, V., Gao, M., Gargano, F., Garrappa, S., Gong, K., Guo, D. -Y., Husi, C., Ionica, M., Liang, X. -H., Liu, Y. -Q., Loparco, F., La Marra, D., Marsella, G., Mazziotta, M. N., De Mitri, I., Nardinocchi, A., Nicola, L., Pelleriti, G., Pohl, M., Postolache, V., Surdo, A., Tykhonov, A., Vitillo, S., Wang, H. -Y., Wang, J. -Z., Weber, M., Wu, D., Wu, X., Yang, J. -W., Zhang, F., Zhao, H., Qiao R., Peng W. -X., Ambrosi G., Asfandiyarov R., Azzarello P., Bernardini P., Bertucci B., Bolognini A., Cadoux F., Caprai M., Cui X. -Z., Dai G. -Q., Domenjoz M., Dong Y. -F., Duranti M., Fan R. -R., Fusco P., Gallo V., Gao M., Gargano F., Garrappa S., Gong K., Guo D. -Y., Husi C., Ionica M., Liang X. -H., Liu Y. -Q., Loparco F., La Marra D., Marsella G., Mazziotta M. N., De Mitri I., Nardinocchi A., Nicola L., Pelleriti G., Pohl M., Postolache V., Surdo A., Tykhonov A., Vitillo S., Wang H. -Y., Wang J. -Z., Weber M., Wu D., Wu X., Yang J. -W., Zhang F., and Zhao H.
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Large Hadron Collider, Ion beam, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Charge reconstruction, STK, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Reconstruction algorithm, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Charge sharing, Ion, Nuclear physics, Silicon microstrip detector, 0103 physical sciences, DAMPE, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation
Abstract: The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) can detect electrons and photons from 5 GeV to 10 TeV and charged nuclei from a few tens of GeV to 100 TeV. The silicon–tungstentracker (STK), which is composed of 768 singled-sided silicon microstrip detectors, is one of four subdetectors in DAMPE providing photon conversion , track reconstruction, and charge identification for relativistic charged particles. This paper focuses on the charge identification performance of the STK detector. The charge response depends mainly on the incident angle and the impact position of the incoming particle. To improve the charge resolution, a reconstruction algorithm to correct for these parameters was tested during a test beam campaign conducted with a high-intensity ion beam at CERN. This algorithm was successfully applied to the ion test beam and the ion charge of Z=4 ∼ 10 and was successfully reconstructed for both normal and 9°incident beams.
Published: 2019

23. Characterization of FBK NUV-HD SiPMs for the pSCT camera proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author: L. Tosti, C. Bonavolontà, Maria Ionica, S. Loporchio, M. Ambrosio, A. Rugliancich, V. Masone, Carla Aramo, Francesco Giordano, A. Boiano, L. Consiglio, M. Caprai, V. Vagelli, G. Ambrosi, E. Fiandrini, Riccardo Paoletti, F. Licciulli, B. Bertucci, M. Bitossi, L. Di Venere, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Nicola Giglietto, and M. Valentino
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High energy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, SiPM, High density, Cherenkov telescopes, Cherenkov Telescope Array, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, FBK NUV-HD, Photo detectors, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, Cardinal point, law, 0103 physical sciences, business, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: Recent developments on Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) have shown that they are particularly adequate to detect fast signal due to low-intensity light. Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) has optimized these sensors for the Near-Ultraviolet Cherenkov light emitted by high energy gamma-ray showers in the atmosphere. The FBK high density SiPMs (NUV-HD) have been extensively characterized in the laboratories of the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) in view of equipping the focal plane camera of the Schwarzschild–Couder Telescope prototype (pSCT) in the framework of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). Here we report the performances of the 6 × 6 mm 2 SiPMs based on 40 × 40 μm 2 cells, in terms of gain and signal-to-noise ratio. We compare the results obtained on devices from the latest generation and grown on different substrates in order to choose the most suitable sensor for the pSCT camera.
Published: 2019

24. Readout chain validation of INFN modules for the CTA-pSCT camera

Author: Nicola Giglietto, A. Rugliancich, B. Bertucci, Riccardo Paoletti, E. Fiandrini, L. Consiglio, L. Di Venere, M. Ambrosio, V. Masone, M. Bitossi, S. Loporchio, M. Valentino, Carla Aramo, Francesco Giordano, L. Tosti, A. Boiano, G. Ambrosi, V. Vagelli, Carmela Bonavolontà, M. Caprai, Elisabetta Bissaldi, M. Movileanu, and F. Licciulli
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, SiPM, Front-end electronics, Chip, Cherenkov Telescope Array, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, Cardinal point, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Cherenkov Telescopes, Photo detectors, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: The Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) is currently involved in the R&D for the integration of Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) in the focal plane camera for the prototype of the Schwarzschild–Couder Telescope (pSCT) proposed to integrate the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory . High density FBK SiPMs optimized for the detection of Near Ultraviolet Cherenkov light (NUV-HD) will be used to equip the camera, coupled to the TARGET-7 readout electronics. A first production of 9 INFN modules is being tested and will be installed on the focal plane of the pSCT camera. Each module consists of 64 6 mm × 6 mm pixels, based on 40 μ m × 40 μ m microcells, arranged in 16-pixel matrices. The front-end electronics is based on the TARGET-7 ASIC, a 16-channel chip for sampling and digitization of the signal. Here we report measurements of the performances of the complete readout chain, including results regarding homogeneity in terms of gain and signal-to-noise ratio .
Published: 2019

25. Assembly and validation of SiPM optical modules for the SCT Medium Size Telescope proposed for the CTA observatory

Author: Maria Ionica, V. Masone, A. Rugliancich, L. Di Venere, L. Consiglio, M. Bitossi, A. Boiano, G. Ambrosi, V. Vagelli, Cta Sct, B. Bertucci, E. Fiandrini, F. R. Pantaleo, Riccardo Paoletti, S. Loporchio, M. Ambrosio, M. Valentino, Carla Aramo, F. Licciulli, Nicola Giglietto, Francesco Giordano, C. Bonavolontà, M. Caprai, L. Tosti, L. Stiaccini, and Elisabetta Bissaldi
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, SiPM, Cherenkov Telescope Array, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Photo Detectors, law.invention, Telescope, Silicon photomultiplier, Optics, Upgrade, Cardinal point, Front End Electronics, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, Cherenkov Telescopes, 010306 general physics, business, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: Silicon Photomultipliers are particularly suitable as optical units of Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes to detect the fast and low-intensity Cherenkov signal emitted by high energy atmospheric showers. The third generation of high density NUV SiPMs (NUV-HD3) produced by Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) in collaboration with INFN have been used to equip optical modules intended to be integrated on a possible upgrade of the focal plane camera of the Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope prototype (pSCT) in the framework of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) project. NUV-HD3 SiPMs are 6 × 6 mm2 devices based on 40 × 40 μm2 microcells with excellent photo detection efficiency for the NUV wavelengths. Optical modules, each composed of a matrix of 4 × 4 SiPMs, have been assembled and tested in the laboratories of INFN to be integrated on the pSCT camera. In this contribution we report on the development and on the assembly of the optical modules, on their validation and on their integration on the pSCT camera.
Published: 2019

26. Technological experience in the construction of silicon tracking detectors for space experiments

Author: Maria Ionica, Giovanni Ambrosi, and M. Caprai
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, BitTorrent tracker, business.industry, Launched, Detector, Process (computing), chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Space (commercial competition), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Aerospace engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation
Abstract: Silicon trackers technology, developed in the last century for accelerator based experiments, is currently used in several space-borne astro-particle experiments. The challenge is not only in the design and construction of the detector itself, but also in fulfilling the special requirements imposed by the launch process and the hostile running environment in space. In particular, the silicon trackers for DAMPE and LIMADOU experiments designed, assembled and tested under INFN Perugia leadership, have been successfully launched in space: DAMPE in December 2015 and LIMADOU in February 2018 and they are currently taking data. In this contribution, we report on the design and assembly of both trackers and the results from the construction.
Published: 2019
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27. PO-0898 Advanced Diamond Dosimeter for quality Assurance in Radiotherapy

Author: K. Kanxheri, Monica Mangoni, Stefania Pallotta, Marta Casati, L. Servoli, M. Caprai, Stefano Lagomarsino, M. Ionica, Cinzia Talamonti, Silvia Calusi, L. Alunni Solestizi, and Silvio Sciortino
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Materials science, Dosimeter, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Diamond, Hematology, engineering.material, Radiation therapy, Oncology, medicine, engineering, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, business, Quality assurance
Published: 2019
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28. Assembly and test of photo-detection modules for the Schwarzschild Couder Medium Size Telescope prototype for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author: Maria Ionica, A. Rugliancich, M. Ambrosio, C. Bonavolontà, G. Ambrosi, S. Loporchio, V. Masone, M. Valentino, Riccardo Paoletti, V. Vagelli, Elisabetta Bissaldi, A. Boiano, M. Mongelli, Carla Aramo, L. Consiglio, M. Caprai, Francesco Giordano, L. Tosti, B. Bertucci, E. Fiandrini, Nicola Giglietto, and L. Di Venere
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, SiPM, Photodetection, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, Cherenkov telescope, Front-end electronics, Instrumentation, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, CTA, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Metrology, Cardinal point, business, Schwarzschild radius
Abstract: The Schwarzschild Couder Medium Size Telescope prototype (pSCT) is going to test the Schwarzschild Couder solution proposed for Medium Size telescopes for the Cherenkov Telescope Array. The camera consists of 177 photodetection modules grouped into sectors of maximum 25 modules each. The sensitive elements of the modules, located in the focal plane of the telescope, are matrices of 64 6 mm × 6 mm pixels of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). The front-end electronics is designed for signal sampling technique using the TARGET-7 ASIC. The prototype under construction and test at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory site will be equipped with the inner central sector fully operational. Sensors from Fondazione Bruno Kessler will be used for 9 of the 25 modules. A complete characterization of these very recent, highly sensitive Near UV sensors, the assembly procedure and metrology results on several focal plane elements has been conducted. Performances of the 16-sensors matrices and measurements with the TARGET-7 ASIC front-end coupled to FBK sensors will be shown and deeply discussed.
Published: 2018
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29. Development and characterization of Near-UV sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers for the Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope prototype for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author: B. Bertucci, Valerio Vagelli, Giovanni Ambrosi, Leonardo Di Venere, Nicola Giglietto, V. Masone, S. Loporchio, Carla Aramo, Carmela Bonavolontà, Riccardo Paoletti, Francesco Giordano, Mario de Lucia, M. Caprai, L. Tosti, Elisabetta Bissaldi, M. Ambrosio, A. Boiano, E. Fiandrini, M. Valentino, Maria Ionica, A. Rugliancich, and D. Simone
Subjects: Physics, Photon, business.industry, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Characterization (materials science), law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, Application-specific integrated circuit, law, Waveform sampling, business, Schwarzschild radius
Abstract: Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) are standard sensors widely employed for applications in which high sensitivities and fast responses in the detection of low fluxes of visible and UV photons are required. The Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), in collaboration with Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), is involved in a R&D project for SiPM sensors sensitive to near UV wavelengths. The performances of the latest technology of NUV-High-Density SiPM have confirmed that the quality of the current production technology opens the possibility to employ these devices for many applications. In this contribution, we review the performances of the latest technology of NUV-High-Density SiPM and the prospects for their use in one of the designs of the camera focal planes of Schwarschild-Couder Telescope prototype, including the development of packaging procedures of single sensors into high-density multi-SiPM modules and the development of a custom front-end ASIC for a high rate waveform sampling of the SiPM signals.
Published: 2017

30. SiPM optical modules for the Schwarzschild-Couder Medium Size Telescopes proposed for the CTA observatory

Author: M. Ambrosio, L. Consiglio, Maria Ionica, A. Rugliancich, M. Bitossi, Riccardo Paoletti, F. Liciulli, S. Loporchio, L. Di Venere, M. Valentino, C. Bonavolontà, E. Fiandrini, V. Masone, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Nicola Giglietto, Carla Aramo, Francesco Giordano, M. Caprai, L. Tosti, V. Vagelli, Giovanni Ambrosi, B. Bertucci, and C. Boiano
Subjects: Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, QC1-999, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Cherenkov Telescope Array, law.invention, Telescope, Wavelength, Upgrade, Silicon photomultiplier, Optics, Observatory, law, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, business, Schwarzschild radius, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are excellent devices to detect the faint and short Cherenkov light emitted in high energy atmospheric showers, and therefore suitable for use in imaging air Cherenkov Telescopes. The high density Near Ultraviolet Violet SiPMs (NUV-HD3) produced by Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) in collaboration with INFN were used to equip optical modules for a possible upgrade of the Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope camera prototype, in the framework of the Cherenkov Telescope Array project. SiPMs are 6×6 mm2 devices based on 40×40 μm2 microcells optimized for photo-detection at the NUV wavelengths. More than 40 optical modules, each composed by a 4×4 array of SiPMs, were assembled. In this contribution we report on the development and on the assembly of the optical modules, their validation and integration in the camera.
Published: 2019
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31. Investigation of 3D diamond detector dosimetric characteristics

Author: M. Ionica, M. Iacco, Maurizio Biasini, L. Alunni Solestizi, K. Kanxheri, C. Zucchetti, Carlo Talamonti, M. Caprai, Stefano Lagomarsino, Mauro Menichelli, L. Servoli, A.C. Dipilato, Daniele Passeri, Silvio Sciortino, and Arianna Morozzi
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Radiotherapy concepts, 01 natural sciences, Diamond Detectors, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Dosimetry concepts and apparatus, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation (computer programming), 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Diamond detector
Published: 2018
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32. The DAMPE silicon–tungsten tracker

Author: J. Mesa, G. Ambrosi, V. Postolache, Paolo Bernardini, Marc Weber, Philipp Azzarello, Maria Ionica, Fan Zhang, S. Vitillo, M. Domenjoz, F. Loparco, G. Marsella, Ruirui Fan, Andrii Tykhonov, R. Asfandiyarov, M. Pohl, Wenxi Peng, F. Gargano, M. Duranti, A. Nardinocchi, Xin Wu, Huanyu Wang, D. L. Guo, Keyun Gong, C. Husi, M. N. Mazziotta, L. Nicola, Yi-Fan Dong, G. Pelleriti, B. Bertucci, D. La Marra, Diru Wu, V. Gallo, A. Surdo, Franck Cadoux, Rui Qiao, M. Caprai, I. De Mitri, P. Fusco, A. Bolognini, Azzarello, P., Ambrosi, G., Asfandiyarov, R., BERNARDINI, Paolo, Bertucci, B., Bolognini, A., Cadoux, F., Caprai, M., DE MITRI, Ivan, Domenjoz, M., Dong, Y., Duranti, M., Fan, R., Fusco, P., Gallo, V., Gargano, F., Gong, K., Guo, D., Husi, C., Ionica, M., La Marra, D., Loparco, F., MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, Mazziotta, M. N., Mesa, J., Nardinocchi, A., Nicola, L., Pelleriti, G., Peng, W., Pohl, M., Postolache, V., Qiao, R., Surdo, A., Tykhonov, A., Vitillo, S., Wang, H., Weber, M., Wu, D., Wu, X., Zhang, F., Bernardini, Paolo, and Marsella, Giovanni
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmic rays, Dark matter, Silicon tracker, Spaceborne experiment, Instrumentation, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmic ray, Particle detectors, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, Optics, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron detection, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astroparticle physics, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Calorimeter (particle physics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Particle detectors, cosmic rays, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business
Abstract: The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is a spaceborne astroparticle physics experiment, launched on 17 December 2015. DAMPE will identify possible dark matter signatures by detecting electrons and photons in the 5 GeV–10 TeV energy range. It will also measure the flux of nuclei up to 100 TeV, for the study of the high energy cosmic ray origin and propagation mechanisms. DAMPE is composed of four sub-detectors: a plastic strip scintillator, a silicon–tungsten tracker–converter (STK), a BGO imaging calorimeter and a neutron detector. The STK is composed of six tracking planes of 2 orthogonal layers of single-sided micro-strip detectors, for a total detector surface of ca. 7 m2. The STK has been extensively tested for space qualification. Also, numerous beam tests at CERN have been done to study particle detection at silicon module level, and at full detector level. After description of the DAMPE payload and its scientific mission, we will describe the STK characteristics and assembly. We will then focus on some results of single ladder performance tests done with particle beams at CERN.
Published: 2016

33. Allotment Gardens for Senior Citizens in Italy: Current Status and Technical Proposals

Author: Paolo Benincasa, Michela Farneselli, Francesco Tei, and M. Caprai
Subjects: Current (stream), Geography, Urban planning, allotment gardens, senior citizens, urban horticulture, social role, Horticulture, Environmental planning, Allotment
Published: 2010

34. Camera design and performance of the prototype schwarzschild-couder telescope for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author: Q. Feng, Valerio Vagelli, V. V. Vassiliev, T. B. Humensky, P. Kaaret, Richard Bose, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, David R. Williams, A. Boiano, L. Di Venere, Maria Ionica, Jeff R. Powell, Carla Aramo, N. Giglietto, F. Licciulli, B. A. W. Mode, Reshmi Mukherjee, Luca Tosti, M. Ambrosio, A. Brill, Elisabetta Bissaldi, David Kieda, V. Masone, Olivier Hervet, Ferdinando Giordano, L. P. Taylor, D. Ribeiro, Marcos Santander, R. Shang, M. Valentino, G. Ambrosi, Serena Loporchio, F. R. Pantaleo, M. Caprai, R. Paoletti, Akira Okumura, L. Stiaccini, M. Bitossi, Andrea Rugliancich, Thomas Meures, C. Adams, P. Wilcox, A. Petrashyk, G. Hughes, Bruna Bertucci, W. Jin, B. Stevenson, B. Kim, J. Vandenbroucke, J. H. Buckley, and E. Fiandrini
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Computer science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, First light, Cherenkov Telescope Array, 7. Clean energy, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, Telescope, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, law, Observatory, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Image resolution, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: The Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (SCT) is a candidate technology for a medium-sized telescope within the Cherenkov Telescope Array, the next generation ground based observatory for very high energy gamma ray astronomy. The SCT uses a novel two-mirror design and is expected to yield improvements in field of view and image resolution compared to traditional Cherenkov telescopes based on single-mirror-dish optics. To match the improved optical resolution, challenging requirements of high channel count and density at low power consumption must be overcome by the camera. The prototype camera, currently commissioned and tested on the prototype SCT, has been developed based on millimeter scale SiPM pixels and a custom high density digitizer ASIC, TARGET, to provide 1600 pixels spanning a 2.7 degree field of view while being able to sample nanosecond photon pulses. It is mechanically designed to allow for an upgrade to 11,328 pixels covering a field of view of 8 degrees and demonstrating the full potential of the technology. The camera was installed on the telescope in 2018. We will present its design and performance including first light data., Comment: ICRC 2019 Proceeding

35. The DAMPE silicon tungsten tracker

Author: Valentina Gallo, G. Ambrosi, R. Asfandiyarov, P. Azzarello, P. Bernardini, Bruna Bertucci, A. Bolognini, F. Cadoux, M. Caprai, M. Domenjoz, Y. Dong, Matteo Duranti, R. Fan, M. Franco, Piergiorgio Fusco, Fabio Gargano, K. Gong, D. Guo, C. Husi, M. Ionica, N. Lacalamita, F. Loparco, G. Marsella, Mario Nicola Mazziottai, M. Mongelli, A. Nardinocchi, L. Nicola, G. Pelleriti, W. Peng, M. Pohl, V. Postolache, R. Qiao, A. Surdo, A. Tykhonov, S. Vitillo, H. Wang, M. Weber, D. Wu, X. Wu, F. Zhang, I. De Mitri, D. La Marra, I De Mitri, and D La Marra
Subjects: Physics, Photon, Calorimeter (particle physics), business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Dark matter, Scintillator, Optics, Scintillation counter, Neutron detection, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, business
Abstract: The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) satellite has been successfully launched on the 17th December 2015. It is a powerful space detector designed for the identification of possible Dark Matter signatures thanks to its capability to detect electrons and photons with an unprecedented energy resolution in an energy range going from few GeV up to 10 TeV. Moreover, the DAMPE satellite will contribute to a better understanding of the propagation mechanisms of high energy cosmic rays measuring the nuclei flux up to 100 TeV. DAMPE is composed of four sub-detectors: a plastic strip scintillator, a silicon-tungsten tracker-converter (STK), a BGO imaging calorimeter and a neutron detector. The STK is made of twelve layers of single-sided AC-coupled silicon micro-strip detectors for a total silicon area of about $7 \, \rm{m}^2$. To promote the conversion of incident photons into electron-positron pairs, tungsten foils are inserted into the supporting structure. In this document, a detailed description of the STK construction and its performance on orbit are reported.

36. Prototype schwarzschild-couder telescope for the cherenkov telescope array: Commissioning status of the optical system

Author: V. Masone, M. Ambrosio, S. J. Fegan, F. R. Pantaleo, L. Tosti, R. Halliday, D. Ribeiro, S. Loporchio, M. Caprai, F. Licciulli, P. Kaaret, Gareth Hughes, A. Gent, R. Shang, Wystan Benbow, Akira Okumura, A. Petrashyk, E. Fiandrini, Reshmi Mukherjee, C. Aramo, Francesco Giordano, K. Powell, M. Valentino, Elisabetta Bissaldi, A. Rugliancich, B. Kim, A. Boiano, David Kieda, B. A. W. Mode, A. Brill, R. Bose, Q. Feng, Jade Powell, L. Stiaccini, O. Hervet, Vladimir Vassiliev, Julien Rousselle, Corbin Covault, David A. Williams, V. Vagelli, Giovanni Ambrosi, Marcos Santander, W. Jin, Thomas Brian Humensky, B. Stevenson, B. Bertucci, Nicola Giglietto, James Buckley, Carmela Bonavolontà, M. Ionica, N. Otte, Justin Vandenbroucke, L. P. Taylor, T. Meures, P. Wilcox, Riccardo Paoletti, M. Bitossi, C. Adams, L. Di Venere, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and CTA SCT Project
Subjects: Cherenkov Telescope Array, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Night sky, FOS: Physical sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Background noise, Optics, Observatory, law, pixel, optical, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, gamma ray: detector, Angular resolution, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], mirror, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Pixel, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, background: noise, alignment, sensitivity, Schwarzschild, observatory, angular resolution, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), with more than 100 telescopes, will be the largest ever ground-based gamma-ray observatory and is expected to greatly improve on both gamma-ray detection sensitivity and energy coverage compared to current-generation detectors. The 9.7-m Schwarzschild-Couder telescope (SCT) is one of the two candidates for the medium size telescope (MST) design for CTA. The novel aplanatic dual-mirror SCT design offers a wide field-of-view with a compact plate scale, allowing for a large number of camera pixels that improves the angular resolution and reduce the night sky background noise per pixel compared to the traditional single-mirror Davies-Cotton (DC) design of ground-based gamma-ray telescopes. The production, installation, and the alignment of the segmented aspherical mirrors are the main challenges for the realization of the SCT optical system. In this contribution, we report on the commissioning status, the alignment procedures, and initial alignment results during the initial commissioning phase of the optical system of the prototype SCT., 8 pages, PoS proceedings 36th ICRC 2019 Madison
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37. The test results of the silicon tungsten tracker of DAMPE

Author: Maria Ionica, Giovanni Ambrosi, Ivan De Mitri, Daniel La Marra, V. Postolache, Coralie Husi, Mario Nicola Mazziottai, Andrea Nardinocchi, Frank Raphael Cadoux, Rui Qiao, G. Marsella, Andrii Tykhonov, B. Bertucci, Alessio Bolognini, M. Duranti, Zhang Fei, S. Vitillo, Martin Pohl, G. Pelleriti, Philipp Azzarello, M. Caprai, Wenxi Peng, Di Wu, F. Loparco, Xin Wu, R. Asfandiyarov, Paolo Bernardini, Laurent Nicola, Maxime Domenjoz, Dong Yifan, A. Surdo, V. Gallo, Marc Weber, Gong Ke, Huanyu Wang, Fan Rui, F. Gargano, D. Guo, P. Fusco, Gallo, V., Ambrosi, G., Asfandiyarov, R., Azzarello, P., Bernardini, P., Bertucci, B., Bolognini, A., Cadoux, F., Caprai, M., De Mitri, I., Domenjoz, M., Dong, Y., Duranti, M., Fan, R., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gong, K., Guo, D., Husi, C., Ionica, M., La Marra, D., Loparco, F., Marsella, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Nardinocchi, A., Nicola, L., Pelleriti, G., Peng, W., Pohl, M., Postolache, V., Qiao, R., Surdo, A., Tykhonov, A., Vitillo, S., Wang, H., Weber, M., Wu, D., Wu, X., and Zhang, F.
Subjects: Materials science, Tracker DAMPE, Silicon, chemistry, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Optoelectronics, Tungsten, business
Abstract: The DAMPE (DArk Matter Particle Explorer) is one of the five satellite missions in the framework of the Strategic Pioneer Research Program in Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS). DAMPE is a powerful space telescope which has as main scientific objective the identification of possible Dark Matter signatures thanks to the capability to detect electrons and photons in a wide range of energy from 5 GeV up to 10 TeV and with unprecedented energy resolution. Moreover, the DAMPE satellite will contribute to a better understanding of the origin and propagation mechanisms of high energy cosmic rays thanks to the measurement of the flux of nuclei up to 100 TeV. Hints in the sector of high energy gamma astronomy are also expected thanks to its excellent photon detection capability. In this document we will present a detailed description of the DAMPE tracker: the silicontungsten tracker-converter (STK). The STK is being developed by an international collaboration composed of groups from University of Geneva, INFN Perugia, INFN Bari, INFN Lecce and Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing. The STK is made of 192 ladders, each of them is made up of four single-sided silicon strip detectors. In the following, the ladder performances in terms of charge collection and spatial resolution evaluated during a test beam period at the CERN SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) in May 2015 are presented.

38. Mobility Gaps of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Related to Hydrogen Concentration and Its Influence on Electrical Performance.

Author: Peverini F, Aziz S, Bashiri A, Bizzarri M, Boscardin M, Calcagnile L, Calcatelli C, Calvo D, Caponi S, Caprai M, Caputo D, Caricato AP, Catalano R, Cirro R, Cirrone GAP, Crivellari M, Croci T, Cuttone G, de Cesare G, De Remigis P, Dunand S, Fabi M, Frontini L, Fanò L, Gianfelici B, Grimani C, Hammad O, Ionica M, Kanxheri K, Large M, Lenta F, Liberali V, Lovecchio N, Martino M, Maruccio G, Mazza G, Menichelli M, Monteduro AG, Moscatelli F, Morozzi A, Nascetti A, Pallotta S, Papi A, Passeri D, Petasecca M, Petringa G, Pis I, Placidi P, Quarta G, Rizzato S, Rossi A, Rossi G, Sabbatini F, Scorzoni A, Servoli L, Stabile A, Tacchi S, Talamonti C, Thomet J, Tosti L, Verzellesi G, Villani M, Wheadon RJ, Wyrsch N, Zema N, and Pedio M
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive study of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si)-based detectors, utilizing electrical characterization, Raman spectroscopy, photoemission, and inverse photoemission techniques. The unique properties of a-Si have sparked interest in its application for radiation detection in both physics and medicine. Although amorphous silicon (a-Si) is inherently a highly defective material, hydrogenation significantly reduces defect density, enabling its use in radiation detector devices. Spectroscopic measurements provide insights into the intricate relationship between the structure and electronic properties of a-Si, enhancing our understanding of how specific configurations, such as the choice of substrate, can markedly influence detector performance. In this study, we compare the performance of a-Si detectors deposited on two different substrates: crystalline silicon (c-Si) and flexible Kapton. Our findings suggest that detectors deposited on Kapton exhibit reduced sensitivity, despite having comparable noise and leakage current levels to those on crystalline silicon. We hypothesize that this discrepancy may be attributed to the substrate material, differences in film morphology, and/or the alignment of energy levels. Further measurements are planned to substantiate these hypotheses.
Published: 2024
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39. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon high flux x-ray detectors for synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy.

Author: Large MJ, Bizzarri M, Calcagnile L, Caprai M, Caricato AP, Catalano R, Cirrone GAP, Croci T, Cuttone G, Dunand S, Fabi M, Frontini L, Gianfelici B, Grimani C, Ionica M, Kanxheri K, Lerch MLF, Liberali V, Martino M, Maruccio G, Mazza G, Menichelli M, Monteduro AG, Moscatelli F, Morozzi A, Pallotta S, Papi A, Passeri D, Pedio M, Petringa G, Peverini F, Piccolo L, Placidi P, Quarta G, Rizzato S, Rossi A, Rossi G, de Rover V, Sabbatini F, Servoli L, Stabile A, Talamonti C, Tosti L, Villani M, Wheadon RJ, Wyrsch N, Zema N, and Petasecca M
Subjects: X-Rays, Australia, Radiometry methods, Synchrotrons, Silicon
Abstract: Objective . Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is an alternative emerging radiotherapy treatment modality which has demonstrated effective radioresistant tumour control while sparing surrounding healthy tissue in preclinical trials. This apparent selectivity is achieved through MRT combining ultra-high dose rates with micron-scale spatial fractionation of the delivered x-ray treatment field. Quality assurance dosimetry for MRT must therefore overcome a significant challenge, as detectors require both a high dynamic range and a high spatial resolution to perform accurately. Approach . In this work, a series of radiation hard a-Si:H diodes, with different thicknesses and carrier selective contact configurations, have been characterised for x-ray dosimetry and real-time beam monitoring applications in extremely high flux beamlines utilised for MRT at the Australian Synchrotron. Results . These devices displayed superior radiation hardness under constant high dose-rate irradiations on the order of 6000 Gy s -1 , with a variation in response of 10% over a delivered dose range of approximately 600 kGy. Dose linearity of each detector to x-rays with a peak energy of 117 keV is reported, with sensitivities ranging from (2.74 ± 0.02) nC/Gy to (4.96 ± 0.02) nC/Gy. For detectors with 0.8 μ m thick active a-Si:H layer, their operation in an edge-on orientation allows for the reconstruction of micron-size beam profiles (microbeams). The microbeams, with a nominal full-width-half-max of 50 μ m and a peak-to-peak separation of 400 μ m, were reconstructed with extreme accuracy. The full-width-half-max was observed as 55 ± 1 μ m. Evaluation of the peak-to-valley dose ratio and dose-rate dependence of the devices, as well as an x-ray induced charge (XBIC) map of a single pixel is also reported. Significance . These devices based on novel a-Si:H technology possess a unique combination of accurate dosimetric performance and radiation resistance, making them an ideal candidate for x-ray dosimetry in high dose-rate environments such as FLASH and MRT., (Creative Commons Attribution license.)
Published: 2023
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40. High-Resolution Photoemission Study of Neutron-Induced Defects in Amorphous Hydrogenated Silicon Devices.

Author: Peverini F, Bizzarri M, Boscardin M, Calcagnile L, Caprai M, Caricato AP, Cirrone GAP, Crivellari M, Cuttone G, Dunand S, Fanò L, Gianfelici B, Hammad O, Ionica M, Kanxheri K, Large M, Maruccio G, Menichelli M, Monteduro AG, Moscatelli F, Morozzi A, Pallotta S, Papi A, Passeri D, Petasecca M, Petringa G, Pis I, Quarta G, Rizzato S, Rossi A, Rossi G, Scorzoni A, Soncini C, Servoli L, Tacchi S, Talamonti C, Verzellesi G, Wyrsch N, Zema N, and Pedio M
Abstract: In this paper, by means of high-resolution photoemission, soft X-ray absorption and atomic force microscopy, we investigate, for the first time, the mechanisms of damaging, induced by neutron source, and recovering (after annealing) of p-i-n detector devices based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). This investigation will be performed by mean of high-resolution photoemission, soft X-Ray absorption and atomic force microscopy. Due to dangling bonds, the amorphous silicon is a highly defective material. However, by hydrogenation it is possible to reduce the density of the defect by several orders of magnitude, using hydrogenation and this will allow its usage in radiation detector devices. The investigation of the damage induced by exposure to high energy irradiation and its microscopic origin is fundamental since the amount of defects determine the electronic properties of the a-Si:H. The comparison of the spectroscopic results on bare and irradiated samples shows an increased degree of disorder and a strong reduction of the Si-H bonds after irradiation. After annealing we observe a partial recovering of the Si-H bonds, reducing the disorder in the Si (possibly due to the lowering of the radiation-induced dangling bonds). Moreover, effects in the uppermost coating are also observed by spectroscopies.
Published: 2022
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41. Performance of 3D diamond detectors in small field dosimetry: The impact of pixel size.

Author: Kanxheri K, Talamonti C, Sciortino S, Lagomarsino S, Ionica M, Caprai M, Moscatelli F, and Servoli L
Subjects: Particle Accelerators, Photons therapeutic use, Radiation Dosimeters, Reproducibility of Results, Diamond, Radiometry methods
Abstract: Purpose: Small photon beams used in radiotherapy techniques have inherent characteristics of charge particle disequilibrium and high-dose gradient making accurate dosimetry for such fields very challenging. By means of a 3D manufacturing technique, it is possible to create arrays of pixels with a very small sensitive volume for radiotherapy dosimetry. We investigate the impact of 3D pixels size on absorbed dose sensitivity, linearity of response with dose rate, reproducibility and beam profile measurements., Methods: Diamond detectors with different pixel sizes have been produced in the 3DOSE experiment framework. To investigate the pixels size impact, they were tested using an Elekta Synergy LINAC. Dose rate dependence, absorbed dose sensitivity, reproducibility and beam profile measurement accuracy have been investigated and compared with PTW 60019 and IBA SFD reference dosimeters., Results: All of the 3D pixels had a linear and reproducible response to the dose rate. The sensitivity of a pixel decreases with its size, although even the smallest pixel has a high absorbed dose sensitivity (15 nC/Gy). The penumbra width measured with the smallest pixel size was consistent with the PTW microDiamond and differed by 0.2 mm from the IBA SFD diode., Conclusions: The study demonstrates that variation in pixel size do not affect the linearity of response with dose rate and the reproducibility of response. Due to the 3D geometry, the absorbed dose sensitivity of the detector remains high even for the smallest pixel, furthermore the pixel size was demonstrated to be of fundamental importance in the measurement of beam profiles., (Copyright © 2022 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica e Sanitaria. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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