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Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) and Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) are two distinct, key technologies for texturing of surfaces with structures in the range comprised between some hundreds of nm and few µm. Based on different physical phenomena, they enable structures often showing distinct morphologies and pitches. It has been shown the possibility of superposing LIPSS over DLIP with a final multi-scale, hierarchical morphology where the two structures coexist. Here, we report an experimental study showing that it is possible to turn from a hierarchical to mutual interacting texturing where DLIP and LIPSS give rise to a novel, uniform texturing having a homogeneous morphology with highly regular periodicity and low orientation dispersion. Moreover, we show that our approach makes possible an unexpected, significant reduction of the LIPSS period from the conventional values (roughly comprised between 0.7λ – 0.9 λ) to∼0.45λ. In addition, for all the tests an industrial set-up has been used including an IR, ps laser, an f-theta lens with relatively high NA and a galvo scanner making possible the extension of the process over large area. Results are discussed in the light of different LIPSS generation models. We believe that our results represent a significant step forward through the further miniaturisation of laser induced morphologies opening the possibility for innovative surface functionalisations (anti-reflective, wide spectrum antimicrobial activity) to be exported in an industrial environment.

Los aceites esenciales (AE) y aceites vegetales (AV) se utilizan en el arte de curar desde la Antiguedad. Estas sustancias son conocidas y reconocidas por sus propiedades terapeuticas potentes. La aromaterapia combina la botanica, bioquimica, medicina y farmacia para ofrecer en la actualidad a los profesionales sanitarios, a la luz de la ciencia moderna, unos complementos terapeuticos que rapidamente se convertiran en «esenciales». Los podologos que cuentan con todas las competencias para prescribir productos topicos utilizan cada vez mas las moleculas con actividad natural contenidas en los AE para tratar y responder a las necesidades multiples de sus pacientes, mediante los cuidados locales apropiados. Los AE, aplicados de forma correcta, son autenticos complementos terapeuticos, pues pueden reforzar o anadir propiedades analgesicas, antiinflamatorias, antisepticas, circulatorias y dermatologicas, entre otras, a los tratamientos convencionales, sin efectos secundarios. Por otra parte, dado que los AE se consideran sustancias «no dopantes», esta medicina natural complementaria cada vez se utiliza mas en la podologia deportiva y, sobre todo, en el ambito de la competicion.

Jusqu'ici les applications liees au micro-usinage etaient principalement reservees aux sources de types Nd :YAG, pour les materiaux metalliques, ou Excimere, pour les polymeres. Les avancees recentes dans le domaine des lasers a impulsions ultra-breves (

Introduction Le Centre de depistage anonyme et gratuit (CDAG) d’un CHU existe depuis 1996. De par leur expertise et leur formation interne, les infirmieres realisent les consultations de depistage (VIH et hepatites virales) et de rendus de resultats negatifs. Le CDAG a adhere en 2015 au protocole de cooperation entre professionnels de sante intitule « Prescription et realisation de vaccinations et serologies, remise de resultats de serologie par un infirmier en lieu et place du medecin ». L’evolution du CDAG en CeGIDD a ete effective suite au decret no 2015–796 du 1er juillet 2015 relatif aux Centres gratuits d’information, de depistage et de diagnostic des infections par les virus de l’immunodeficience humaine, des hepatites virales et des infections sexuelles transmissibles (IST). Cette evolution a elargi le depistage a l’ensemble des IST, incluant le diagnostic et le traitement, ceci dans une approche globale de sante sexuelle. Materiels et methodes L’objectif de ce travail est de decrire ce changement et de presenter les difficultes rencontrees ainsi que les aspects positifs de cette evolution. Resultats De nouvelles modalites de prise en charge de l’usager ont du alors etre elaborees : – creation d’un arbre decisionnel pour la prise de rendez-vous avec orientation vers une consultation medicale (consultation diagnostique) ou bien vers une consultation infirmiere (consultation de depistage) ; – elaboration d’un guide d’entretien commun par un travail collaboratif (nombreuses reunions d’equipe regroupant medecins, infirmieres, psychologues, secretaires) ; – information des usagers de l’utilisation d’un protocole de cooperation entre professionnels de sante ; – formation des paramedicaux par les medecins sur les differentes IST et leurs traitements ainsi que sur les recommandations de vaccination contre les hepatites B et A, HPV et meningocoque C ; – adaptation du temps de consultation/prelevement pour assurer l’ensemble des nouvelles missions ; – adaptation des locaux et des fournitures en materiel pour assurer les nouveaux examens (table gynecologique, materiel de prelevements locaux…) ; – renforcement et formalisation de liens avec les differents partenaires (Centre de planification et d’education familiale ; urgences gynecologiques, sexologue, laboratoire de microbiologie, etc.). Conclusion L’evolution du CDAG en CeGIDD a mobilise une equipe entiere dans un travail collaboratif de formation, de recherche de nouveaux outils pour ameliorer la prise en charge et le parcours patient. L’esprit et le travail d’equipe ont ete renforces. Il en resulte une satisfaction professionnelle de pouvoir proposer aux usagers une prise en charge globale de la sante sexuelle.

Ultra-short pulse laser ablation is applied to IC backside sample preparation. It is contact-less, non-thermal, precise and can ablate the various types of material present in IC packages. This study concerns the optimization of ultra-short pulse laser ablation for silicon thinning. Uncontrolled silicon roughness and poor uniformity of the laser thinned cavity needed to be tackled. Special care is taken to minimize the silicon RMS roughness to less than 1µm. Application to sample preparation of 256Mbit devices is presented.

The potential of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) for the determination of dibutyl phosphate (DBP) and monobutyl phosphate (MBP), two degradation products of the tributyl phosphate extractant used in the nuclear fuel reprocessing industry, was evaluated. Analysis conditions were optimised, taking particularly into account that many determinations had to be performed in concentrated aqueous nitrate or nitric acid solutions. Separations were therefore carried out using the counter-electroosmotic mode with cathodic detection in a pH 8.3 electrolyte containing a suitably selected chromophore, salicylate, to ensure the indirect UV detection of the analytes. Various aspects of the method, including its sensitivity, working range, repeatability, and rapidity, were examined. Quantification of both phosphate esters was achieved in less than 3 min at concentrations ranging from 2 x 10(-6) to 10(-3) mol l(-1) in samples containing no macro-component. The lower end of this range increased to 5 x 10(-6) mol l(-1) for MBP and 1.5 x 10(-5) mol l(-1) for DBP in samples containing 5 x 10(-2) mol l(-1) of sodium nitrate, thus enabling their determination in solutions containing nitrate or nitric acid at concentrations up to, respectively, 10,000 and 3000 times higher than the target analyte concentration. This simple, fast and reliable method is routinely applicable to aqueous samples with no other preliminary treatment than a proper dilution; analysis was also performed in organic matrices after a prior extraction. The method was validated by an excellent correlation with the standard DBP analysis technique, gas chromatography (GC). In order to develop appropriate chemical treatments to destroy these compounds, the method was applied to the monitoring of DBP and MBP degradation by hydrogen peroxide in 1 mol l(-1) nitric acid solutions.

Introduction La survenue d’une hemorragie ou d’un hematome postoperatoire (HHP) constitue une complication hospitaliere frequente et potentiellement grave. L’Agence pour la recherche et la qualite des soins de sante a developpe le Patient Safety Indicator 9 (PSI-9), destine a mesurer, a partir des donnees medico-administratives, la prevalence de l’HHP. L’objectif etait d’adapter le PSI-9 americain au contexte du PMSI francais et d’evaluer ses performances a partir des donnees PMSI du CHU de Caen. Methodes L’indicateur a ete adapte en prenant en compte la CIM-10 et la CCAM. Une etude retrospective a ensuite ete realisee sur les sejours de chirurgie du deuxieme semestre 2013. Les sejours de moins deux jours, d’enfants ou lies a la maternite etaient exclus. L’ensemble des dossiers PSI-9 identifies positifs etaient inclus, ainsi qu’un echantillon de 150 dossiers PSI-9 negatifs, selectionnes par tirage au sort stratifie sur le type de service de chirurgie. L’HHP etait authentifie par retour au dossier medical (gold standard). Les valeurs predictives positives (VPP) et negatives (VPN), la sensibilite, et la specificite du PSI-9 ont ete evaluees apres redressement. La performance des variantes de l’indicateur americain a ete testee. Resultats Sur les 5828 sejours eligibles, 108 sejours ont ete detectes PSI-9 positifs, soit une prevalence de 1,8 % [1,5–2,2]. Le taux de deces et la duree des sejours positifs etaient significativement plus eleves que ceux des negatifs (p Discussion/conclusion L’adaptation du PSI-9 au systeme francais parait possible. Un elargissement de la definition pourrait permettre de trouver un compromis satisfaisant entre sensibilite et VPP. Les performances devront etre validees dans d’autres etablissements.

Aspiration biopsy by fine needle from the major salivary glands has been studied. To evaluate this form of biopsy, 34 patients with salivary gland enlargement were examined. By this technic, 29 has confirmative histology. The method proved complication free and accurate. The safety of this biopsy form has been proven. The accuracy of this method may be high, particularly, for the most common benign mixed tumor. Thus this procedure is suggested for initial examination of all lesions of the salivary gland.

Stability of neat hydrophobic Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTIL) [BuMeIm]X, where [BuMeIm]+ is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and X− is PF6−, and (CF3SO2)2N−, was studied under gamma radiolysis (137Cs) in an argon atmosphere and in air. It was found that the density, surface tension, and refraction index of RTILs are unchanged even by an absorbed dose of approximately 600 kGy. Studied RTILs exhibit considerable darkening when subjected to gamma irradiation. The light absorbance of ionic liquids increases linearly with the irradiation dose. Water has no influence on radiolytic darkening. A comparative study of [BuMeIm]X and [Bu4N][Tf2N] leads to the conclusion that the formation of colored products is related to gamma radiolysis of the [BuMeIm]+ cation. The radiolytic darkening kinetics of RTILs is influenced by the anions as follows: Cl− < (CF3SO2)2N− < PF6−. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and NMR analysis reveal the presence of nonvolatile radiolysis products at concentrations below 1 mol% for an absorbed dose exceeding 1200 kGy. Initial step of BuMeIm+ cation radiolysis is the loss of the Bu˙ group, the H˙ atom from the 2 position on the imidazolium ring, and the H˙ atom from the butyl chain. Radiolysis of ionic liquid anions yields F˙ and CF3˙ from PF6− and [Tf2N]−, respectively. Recombinations of these primary products of radiolysis lead to various polymeric and acidic species.

After a minor coral bleaching event in 1993, a more dramatic episode occurred in Tahiti from March to July 1994. Coral bleaching was recorded along four continuous 25-m-long line transects. Physico-chemical parameters of the sea water (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH) were noted once a week, and solar UV-B flux was recorded daily before and during the bleaching episode. Results emphasized the importance of the taxonomic position of coral in susceptibility to bleaching. The evolution of bleaching through time was related to mean daily solar UV-B flux and sea-water temperature. Moreover, comparison of the 1993 and 1994 data suggested temperature and/or UV-B thresholds that may elicit minor or severe bleaching events.

Hermatypic corals along two continuous 25-m-long line transects on the northern and eastern coasts of the island of Tahiti (Arue, buter reef slope, and Hitia'a, fringing reef, respectively) were monitored during a minor episode of coral bleaching in April and May 1993. From early February to the end of May, the physico-chemical parameters of the sea water (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and total solar irradiance) were noted once a week, and solar UV-B radiation was recorded from 1100 to 1400 hours every day. The results are consistent with a synergistic interaction between temperature and UV-B radiation, possibly associated with total solar irradiance. The interval of four weeks between peaks in solar UV-B radiation and seawater temperature may explain why the 1993 bleaching in Tahiti was minor. Different patterns of bleaching occurred in different species, and all corals recovered within four to six weeks. Hermatypic corals appear to have multiform reactions in response to environmental stresses.

Au cours des 6 dernieres annees une etroite collaboration s’est developpee entre le Laboratoire de Cytologie et le Departement de Radiotherapie au Centre Leon-Berard. 221 malades ayant subi un traitement conservateur de leur cancer du rectum ou de l’anus, par irradiation, ont ete suivis par cytologic Les frottis cytologiques (396) sont realises par grattage avec une spatule en bois. Le taux de prelevements non satisfaisants (8%) est plus fort pour les cancers de l’anus que pour ceux du rectum.

The authors have studied the factors which behave on visual method, using object-slides, for microscopic examinations, and on fluorodensitometry, employing TLD 100 Vitatron and 20 x 20 cm chromatography plates. They have compared the two technics and concluded that they are in good concordance., Après étude des facteurs qui interviennent sur la méthode visuelle utilisant, comme chromatogrammes, des lames pour observations microscopiques, et sur la fluorodensitométrie par réflectance employant un Vitatron TLD 100 et des plaques (20 x 20 cm), nous obtenons, par confrontation des deux techniques une assez bonne concordance entre elles., Faucon M., Teherani A., Tantaoui Elaraki Abdelrhani, Jacquet Jean. Comparaison de deux méthodes de chromatographie en couche mince sur gel de silice pour le dosage des aflatoxines B1 et G1 et de l’ochratoxine A . In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 130 n°1, 1977. pp. 123-139.

The presence and distribution of fibronectin and actin in breast fibroadenoma cells have been investigated in frozen sections and primocultures of the same samples, by means of indirect immunofluorescence techniques. In the tissue cells, epithelial cells were negative whereas myoepithelial cells were positive with the two antibodies. Moreover, fibronectin was mainly distributed in basal lamina of ducts and ductules whereas actin appeared to label stroma cells. In primocultures obtained from the same samples of fibroadenomas, the labelled patterns of fibronectin and actin were not really distinguishable between cells; the two protein distributions were quite usual. Our data on human breast fibroadenoma cells are in agreement with the concepts of cellular adaptation or selection in culture and emphasize the difficulty in correlating results of "in vitro" and "in vivo" studies.

From the cytologic study of fifty transrectal needle aspirations of the prostate the authors try to establish the principles leading to the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma. Correlation with clinical diagnosis shows that in positive cases, cytologic diagnosis is accurate. In the case of negative cytologic responses this negative response may be imputable: to the paucicellularity of the sample, unavoidable blind needle aspiration, an early necrosis of the cellular material, a false interpretation of minimal cellular and nuclear abnormalities. This method proves valuable for the clinician. In two cases out of three the cytological diagnosis confirms the clinical diagnosis.

The culture of human cutaneous malignant melanomas is an important stage in the preparation of oncolysates for therapeutic purposes. The authors recall the definition of oncolysate: lysis of the malignant melanocyte by vaccinia virus liberates masked antigens which when reinjected into the patient accelerate or restimulate the production of antibodies. Culture is used to increase the number of malignant melanocytes, i. e. antigenic material, which is an essential precaution in tumours of small size. Production of oncolysate requires the exclusive use of the malignant melanocyte, i. e. the importance of morphological identification during the "in vitro" phase. The optical criteria defined by Fedoroff are inadequate and a source of error. Ultrastructural studies render this identification more valid, insofar as the normal and pathological markers which are the melanosomes are better known. Ultrastructural studies may be used to differentiate the malignant melanocyte from the ordinary macrophage in media which are black, and light cultures to distinguish fibroblastic growth, with no antigenic value, from the malignant melanocyte without pigment (achromic), recognisable by its premelanosome.